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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> This article is about the emotion. For other uses, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Hope (disambiguation)">Hope (disambiguation)</a>. </div> Hope is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optimism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Optimism">optimistic</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mental_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mental state">state of mind</a> that is based on an <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expectation" class="extiw" title="wikt:expectation">expectation</a> of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's life or the world at large.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> As a verb, its definitions include: "expect with confidence" and "to cherish a desire with anticipation".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hopeful.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hopeful.jpg/262px-Hopeful.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hopeful.jpg/393px-Hopeful.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hopeful.jpg/524px-Hopeful.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840"></a> <figcaption> A Syrian refugee girl with a hopeful expression </figcaption> </figure> <style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> Among its opposites are dejection, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hopelessness_scale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopelessness scale">hopelessness</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depression_(mood)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Depression (mood)">despair</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Hope finds expression through many dimensions of human life, including practical reasoning, the religious <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope_(virtue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hope (virtue)">virtue of hope</a>, legal doctrine, and literature alongside cultural and mythological aspects. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In_psychology">1 In psychology</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hope_Theory">1.1 Hope Theory</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In_healthcare">2 In healthcare</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Major_theories">2.1 Major theories</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Major_empirical_findings">2.2 Major empirical findings</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Applications">2.3 Applications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Impediments">2.4 Impediments</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Benefits">2.5 Benefits</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In_culture">3 In culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#The_Right_to_Hope">4 The Right to Hope</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In_literature">5 In literature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In_mythology">6 In mythology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In_religion">7 In religion</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Judaism">7.1 Judaism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Christianity">7.2 Christianity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hinduism">7.3 Hinduism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Buddhism">7.4 Buddhism</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">10 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="In_psychology">In psychology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: In psychology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="2193"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 278px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="278" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Assistants_and_George_Frederic_Watts_-_Hope_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope_(Watts)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hope (Watts)">Hope</a>, which lay at the bottom of the box, remained. Allegorical painting by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Frederic_Watts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Frederic Watts">George Frederic Watts</a>, 1886 </figcaption> </figure> Professor of Psychology <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barbara_Fredrickson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barbara Fredrickson">Barbara Fredrickson</a> argues that hope comes into its own when crisis looms, opening us to new creative possibilities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Frederickson argues that with great need comes an unusually wide range of ideas, as well as such positive emotions as happiness and joy, courage, and empowerment, drawn from four different areas of one's self: from a cognitive, psychological, social, or physical perspective.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Such <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optimism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Optimism">positive thinking</a> bears fruit when based on a realistic sense of optimism, not on a naive "false hope".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The psychologist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_R._Snyder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles R. Snyder">Charles R. Snyder</a> linked hope to the existence of a goal, combined with a determined plan for reaching that goal.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Adler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Adler">Alfred Adler</a> had similarly argued for the centrality of goal-seeking in human psychology,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> as too had philosophical anthropologists like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernst_Bloch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernst Bloch">Ernst Bloch</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Snyder also stressed the link between hope and mental willpower (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hardiness_(psychology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hardiness (psychology)">hardiness</a>),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> as well as the need for realistic perception of goals (problem orientation),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> arguing that the difference between hope and optimism was that the former can look like wishful thinking but the latter provides the energy to find practical pathways for an improved future.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Winnicott?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="D. W. Winnicott">D. W. Winnicott</a> saw a child's antisocial behavior as expressing as a cry for help, an unconscious hope, meaning an unspoken desire for a positive outcome for those who are in control in the wider society, when containment within the immediate family had failed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Object_relations_theory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Object relations theory">Object relations theory</a> similarly sees the analytic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transference">transference</a> as motivated in part by an unconscious hope that past conflicts and traumas can be dealt with anew.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hope_Theory">Hope Theory</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hope Theory" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As a specialist in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Positive_psychology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Positive psychology">positive psychology</a>, Snyder studied how hope and forgiveness can impact several aspects of life such as health, work, education, and personal meaning. He postulated that there are three main things that make up hopeful thinking:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <ul> <li>Goals – Approaching life in a goal-oriented way.</li> <li>Pathways – Finding different ways to achieve your goals.</li> <li>Agency – Believing that you can instigate change and achieve these goals.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg/220px-Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg/220px-Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg/330px-Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg/440px-Auschwitz-hope_after_terror.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A rose expressing hope, at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> </figcaption> </figure> In other words, hope was defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. Snyder argues that individuals who are able to realize these three components and develop a belief in their ability are hopeful people who can establish clear goals, imagine multiple workable pathways toward those goals, and persevere, even when obstacles get in their way. Snyder proposed a "Hope Scale" which considered that a person's determination to achieve their goal is their measured hope. Snyder differentiates between adult-measured hope and child-measured hope. The Adult Hope Scale by Snyder contains 12 questions; 4 measuring 'pathways thinking', 4 measuring 'agency thinking', and 4 that are simply fillers. Each subject responds to each question using an 8-point scale.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Fibel and Hale measure hope by combining Snyder's Hope Scale with their own Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale (GESS) to empirically measure hope.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Snyder regarded that psychotherapy can help focus attention on one's goals, drawing on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacit_knowledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacit knowledge">tacit knowledge</a> of how to reach them.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Similarly, there is an outlook and a grasp of reality to hope, distinguishing No Hope, Lost Hope, False Hope and Real Hope, which differ in terms of viewpoint and realism.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Hopeful</td> <th rowspan="4">Outlook</th> <th>Wishful</th> <th>Committed</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Hopeful Outlook Distorted Reality False Hope</td> <td>Hopeful Outlook Accurate Reality Real Hope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Skeptical</td> <td>No Hope Hopeless Outlook Distorted Reality</td> <td>Lost Hope Hopeless Outlook Accurate Reality</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hopeless</td> <th>Helpless</th> <th>Surrendered</th> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <th colspan="2">Grasp of Reality</th> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Uninformed Distorted Denied</td> <td>Informed Accurate Assimilated</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Contemporary philosopher <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Rorty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Rorty">Richard Rorty</a> understands hope as more than <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goal_setting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goal setting">goal setting</a>, rather as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metanarrative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metanarrative">metanarrative</a>, a story that serves as a promise or reason for expecting a better future. Rorty as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postmodernism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postmodernism">postmodernist</a> believes past meta–narratives, including the Christian story, utilitarianism, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marxism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> have proved false hopes; that theory cannot offer social hope; and that liberal man must learn to live without a consensual theory of social hope.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Rorty says a new document of promise is needed for social hope to exist again.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="In_healthcare">In healthcare</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: In healthcare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Major_theories">Major theories</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Major theories" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Of the countless models that examine the importance of hope in an individual's life, two major theories have gained a significant amount of recognition in the field of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychology">psychology</a>. One of these theories, developed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_R._Snyder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles R. Snyder">Charles R. Snyder</a>, argues that hope should be viewed as a cognitive skill that demonstrates an individual's ability to maintain drive in the pursuit of a particular goal.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> This model reasons that an individual's ability to be hopeful depends on two types of thinking: agency thinking and pathway thinking. Agency thinking refers to an individual's determination to achieve their goals despite possible obstacles, while pathway thinking refers to the ways in which an individual believes they can achieve these personal goals. Snyder's theory uses hope as a mechanism that is most often seen in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychotherapy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a>. In these instances, the therapist helps their client overcome barriers that have prevented them from achieving goals. The therapist would then help the client set realistic and relevant personal goals (i.e. "I am going to find something I am passionate about and that makes me feel good about myself"), and would help them remain hopeful of their ability to achieve these goals, and suggest the correct pathways to do so. Whereas Snyder's theory focuses on hope as a mechanism to overcome an individual's lack of motivation to achieve goals, the other major theory developed by Kaye A. Herth deals more specifically with an individual's future goals as they relate to coping with illnesses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Herth views hope as "a motivational and cognitive attribute that is theoretically necessary to initiate and sustain action toward goal attainment".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Herth-25">[25]</a> Establishing realistic and attainable goals in this situation is more difficult, as the individual most likely does not have direct control over the future of their health. Instead, Herth suggests that the goals should be concerned with how the individual is going to personally deal with the illness—"Instead of drinking to ease the pain of my illness, I am going to surround myself with friends and family".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Herth-25">[25]</a> While the nature of the goals in Snyder's model differ with those in Herth's model, they both view hope as a way to maintain personal motivation, which ultimately will result in a greater sense of optimism. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Major_empirical_findings">Major empirical findings</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Major empirical findings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Hope, and more specifically, particularized hope, has been shown to be an important part of the recovery process from illness; it has strong psychological benefits for patients, helping them to cope more effectively with their disease.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> For example, hope motivates people to pursue healthy behaviors for recovery, such as eating fruits and vegetables, quitting smoking, and engaging in regular <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Physical_activity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Physical activity">physical activity</a>. This not only helps to enhance people's recovery from illnesses but also helps prevent illness from developing in the first place.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Enayati_2013-27">[27]</a> Patients who maintain high levels of hope have an improved prognosis for life-threatening illness and an enhanced quality of life.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Belief and expectation, which are key elements of hope, block pain in patients suffering from chronic illness by releasing endorphins and mimicking the effects of morphine. Consequently, through this process, belief and expectation can set off a chain reaction in the body that can make recovery from chronic illness more likely. This chain reaction is especially evident with studies demonstrating the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Placebo_effect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Placebo effect">placebo effect</a>, a situation when hope is the only variable aiding in these patients’ recovery.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Enayati_2013-27">[27]</a> Overall, studies have demonstrated that maintaining a sense of hope during a period of recovery from illness is beneficial. A sense of hopelessness during the recovery period has, in many instances, resulted in adverse health conditions for the patient (i.e. depression and anxiety following the recovery process).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Additionally, having a greater amount of hope before and during cognitive therapy has led to decreased PTSD-related depression symptoms in war veterans.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Phillips_2012-30">[30]</a> Hope has also been found to be associated with more positive perceptions of subjective health. However, reviews of research literature have noted that the connections between hope and symptom severity in other mental health disorders are less clear, such as in cases of individuals with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schizophrenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schrank_et_al._2008-31">[31]</a> Hope is a powerful protector against chronic or life-threatening illnesses. A person’s hope (even when facing an illness that will likely end their life) can be helpful by finding joy or comfort. It can be created and focused on achieving life goals, such as meeting grandchildren or attending a child’s wedding. Hope can be an opportunity for us to process and go through events, that can be traumatic. A setback in life, an accident, or our own final months of living can be times when hope is comfort and serves as a pathway from one stage to the next.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Applications">Applications</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Applications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The inclusion of hope in treatment programs has potential in both physical and mental health settings. Hope as a mechanism for improved treatment has been studied in the contexts of PTSD, chronic physical illness, and terminal illness, among other disorders and ailments.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Phillips_2012-30">[30]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schrank_et_al._2008-31">[31]</a> Within mental health practice, clinicians have suggested using hope interventions as a supplement to more traditional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">cognitive behavioral therapies</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schrank_et_al._2008-31">[31]</a> In terms of support for physical illness, research suggests that hope can encourage the release of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endorphins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Endorphins">endorphins</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkephalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enkephalin">enkephalins</a>, which help to block pain.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Enayati_2013-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impediments">Impediments</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Impediments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are two main arguments based on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decision-making?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Decision-making">judgment</a> against those who are advocates of using hope to help treat <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catastrophic_illness?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catastrophic illness">severe illnesses</a>. The first of which is that if physicians have too much hope, they may aggressively treat the patient. The physician will hold on to a small shred of hope that the patient may get better. Thus, this causes them to try methods that are costly and may have many side effects. One physician noted<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> that she regretted having hope for her patient; it resulted in her patient suffering through three more years of pain that the patient would not have endured if the physician had realized recovery was unfeasible. The second argument is the division between hope and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wish">wishing</a>. Those that are hopeful are actively trying to investigate the best path of action while taking into consideration the obstacles. Research<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Enayati_2013-27">[27]</a> has shown though that many of those who have "hope" are wishfully thinking and passively going through the motions, as if they are in denial about their actual circumstances. Being in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denial">denial</a> and having too much hope may negatively impact both the patient and the physician. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Benefits">Benefits</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Benefits" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The impact that hope can have on a patient's recovery process is strongly supported through both empirical research and theoretical approaches. However, reviews of literature also maintain that more longitudinal and methodologically sound research is needed to establish which hope interventions are actually the most effective, and in what setting (i.e. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronic_condition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronic condition">chronic illness</a> vs. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terminal_illness?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terminal illness">terminal illness</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schrank_et_al._2008-31">[31]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: In culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> In the matter of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Globalization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, hope is focused on economic and social empowerment. Focusing on parts of Asia, hope has taken on a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secular?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_materialism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic materialism">materialistic</a> form in relation to the pursuit of economic growth. Primary examples are the rise of the economies of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economy_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economy of China">China</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economy_of_India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economy of India">India</a>, correlating with the notion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chindia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chindia">Chindia</a>. A secondary relevant example is the increased use of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contemporary_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Contemporary architecture">contemporary architecture</a> in rising economies, such as the building of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanghai_World_Financial_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanghai World Financial Center">Shanghai World Financial Center</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burj_Khalifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burj Khalifa">Burj Khalifa</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taipei_101?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a>, which has given rise to a prevailing hope within the countries of origin.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In chaotic environments hope is transcended without cultural boundaries, Syrian refugee children are supported by UNESCO's education project through creative education and psycho-social assistance.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Other inter-cultural support for instilling hope involve food culture, disengaging refugees from trauma through immersing them in their rich cultural past.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="The_Right_to_Hope">The Right to Hope</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: The Right to Hope" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Hope has been widely recognized as a crucial and inherent aspect of human existence, not only by philosophers from various backgrounds but also by national and international courts, particularly in the past decade. Serving as an existential element within each individual, hope manifests itself in various ways in both private and public spheres. While past court considerations often focused on hopes arising from legal disputes and everyday life, the current predominant topic of discussion centers around the hope of incarcerated individuals seeking release. See, for instance, Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48, 52 (2010).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Riofrio's examination delves not only into specific expressions of the right to hope but also into the right to hope itself as a comprehensive concept.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-38">[38]</a> In this exploration, he draws connections between numerous legal doctrines addressing everyday hopes, such as the doctrines of legitimate expectations and loss of a chance. Drawing insights from extensive case law explicitly referencing the right to hope, international legal precedents, philosophical teachings from eminent scholars, and certain theological arguments, Riofrio concludes that the unenumerated right to hope encompasses four essential elements:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-38">[38]</a> <ol> <li>The right to have wishes, aspirations, plans, and beliefs, while avoiding actions that illegitimately discourage individuals, such as demoralizing troops during wartime.</li> <li>The right to some specific opportunities, sometimes aligning with programmatic Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ESCR), but also incorporating the doctrine of legitimate expectations.</li> <li>The right to the means of realizing hope, prohibiting harm to the means that grounds hope, such as the limbs of a dancer or the vision of a painter.</li> <li>The right to some established chances, wherein the doctrine of loss of a chance plays a significant role.</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: In literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg/220px-Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1349"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 371px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg/220px-Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="371" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg/330px-Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg/440px-Frederick_Stuart_Church_-_Opened_up_a_Pandora%27s_box.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Engraving of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pandora">Pandora</a> trying to close the box that she had opened out of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curiosity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curiosity">curiosity</a>. At left, the evils of the world taunt her as they escape. The engraving is based on a painting by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_Stuart_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick Stuart Church">F. S. Church</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul and sings the tune without the words and never stops at all. <div class="templatequotecite"> — <cite><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emily_Dickinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a></cite> </div> </blockquote> A classic reference to hope which has entered modern language is the concept that "Hope springs eternal" taken from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Pope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>'s Essay on Man, the phrase reading "Hope springs eternal in the human breast, Man never is, but always to be blest:"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Another popular reference, "Hope is the thing with feathers," is from a poem by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emily_Dickinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Hope can be used as an artistic plot device and is often a motivating force for change in dynamic characters. A commonly understood reference from western popular culture is the subtitle "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Star Wars (film)">A New Hope</a>" from the original first installment (now considered Episode IV) in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Star_Wars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> science fiction <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Space_opera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Space opera">space opera</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The subtitle refers to one of the lead characters, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luke_Skywalker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a>, who is expected in the future to allow good to triumph over evil within the plot of the films. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swallow_(bird)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Swallow (bird)">swallow</a> has been a symbol of hope, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aesop%27s_fables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesop's fables">Aesop's fables</a> and numerous other historic literature.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> It symbolizes hope, in part because it is among the first birds to appear at the end of winter and the start of spring.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Other symbols of hope include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anchor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anchor">anchor</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dove?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">dove</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> took a contrarian but coherent view of hope:- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> ... Zeus did not wish man, however much he might be tormented by the other evils, to fling away his life, but to go on letting himself be tormented again and again. Therefore he gives Man hope,—in reality it is the worst of all evils, because it prolongs the torments of Man. <div class="templatequotecite"> — <cite><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a></cite> </div> </blockquote> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="In_mythology">In mythology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: In mythology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elpis_(mythology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elpis (mythology)">Elpis</a> (Hope) appears in ancient <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_mythology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> with the story of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prometheus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a>. Prometheus stole fire from the god Zeus, which infuriated the supreme god. In turn, Zeus created a box that contained all manners of evil, unbeknownst to the receiver of the box. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pandora">Pandora</a> opened the box after being warned not to, and unleashed a multitude of harmful spirits that inflicted plagues, diseases, and illnesses on mankind. Spirits of greed, envy, hatred, mistrust, sorrow, anger, revenge, lust, and despair scattered far and wide looking for humans to torment. Inside the box, however, there was also an unreleased healing spirit named Hope. From ancient times, people have recognized that a spirit of hope had the power to heal afflictions and helps them bear times of great suffering, illnesses, disasters, loss, and pain caused by the malevolent spirits and events.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesiod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Works_and_Days?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personification">personification</a> of hope is named <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elpis_(mythology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elpis (mythology)">Elpis</a>. <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd></dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norse_mythology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a> however considered Hope (Vön) to be the slobber dripping from the mouth of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fenris_Wolf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenris Wolf">Fenris Wolf</a>:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a> their concept of courage rated most highly a cheerful bravery in the absence of hope.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="In_religion">In religion</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: In religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Hope is a key concept in most major world religions, often signifying the "hoper" believes an individual or a collective group will reach a concept of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heaven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heaven">heaven</a>. Depending on the religion, hope can be seen as a prerequisite for and/or byproduct of spiritual attainment. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Judaism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jewish_encyclopedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a> notes "tiḳwah" (תקווה) and "seber" as terms for hope, adding that "miḳweh" and "kislah" denote the related concept of "trust" and that "toḥelet" signifies "expectation".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Christianity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope_(virtue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hope (virtue)">Hope (virtue)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg/220px-Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg/220px-Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg/330px-Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg/440px-Lourdes_collecting_water_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> People collecting the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lourdes_water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lourdes water">miraculous water</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lourdes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> </figcaption> </figure> Hope is one of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Three_theological_virtues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Three theological virtues">three theological virtues</a> of the Christian religion,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> alongside <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faith_(virtue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith (virtue)">faith</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charity_(virtue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">love</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> "Hope" in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy">Holy</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bible?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bible">Bible</a> means "a strong and confident expectation" of future reward (see Titus 1:2). In modern terms, hope is akin to trust and a confident expectation".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bible1-54">[54]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> argued that Christ was a source of hope for Christians: "For in this hope we have been saved"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bible1-54">[54]</a> (see Romans 8:24). According to the Holman Bible Dictionary, hope is a "[t]rustful expectation...the anticipation of a favorable outcome under God's guidance."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Pilgrim%27s_Progress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Pilgrim's Progress">The Pilgrim's Progress</a>, it is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Progress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim's Progress">Hopeful</a> who comforts Christian in Doubting Castle; while conversely at the entrance to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inferno (Dante)">Dante's Hell</a> were the words, "Lay down all hope, you that go in by me".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hinduism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In historic literature of Hinduism, hope is referred to with Pratidhi (Sanskrit: प्रतिधी),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a> or Apêksh (Sanskrit: अपेक्ष).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a> It is discussed with the concepts of desire and wish. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vedas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vedas">Vedic philosophy</a>, karma was linked to ritual sacrifices (yajna), hope and success linked to correct performance of these rituals.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-djr-60">[60]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dsr-61">[61]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vishnu_Smriti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vishnu Smriti">Vishnu Smriti</a>, the image of hope, morals and work is represented as the virtuous man who rides in a chariot directed by his hopeful mind to his desired wishes, drawn by his five senses, who keeps the chariot on the path of the virtuous, and thus is not distracted by the wrongs such as wrath, greed, and other vices.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mb-62">[62]</a> In the centuries that followed, the concept of karma changed from sacramental rituals to actual human action that builds and serves society and human existence<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-djr-60">[60]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dsr-61">[61]</a>–a philosophy epitomized in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a>. Hope, in the structure of beliefs and motivations, is a long-term karmic concept. In Hindu belief, actions have consequences, and while one's effort and work may or may not bear near term fruits, it will serve the good, that the journey of one's diligent efforts (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karma">karma</a>) and how one pursues the journey,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a> sooner or later leads to bliss and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moksha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moksha">moksha</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-djr-60">[60]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Buddhism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Buddhism's teachings are centered around the concept of hope. It puts those who are suffering on a path to a more harmonious world and better well-being. Hope acts as a light to those who are lost or suffering. Factors of Saddha (faith), wisdom, and aspiration work together to form practical hope. Practical hope is the foundation of putting those suffering on a path toward inner freedom and holistic well-being. It instills the belief in positive outcomes even in the midst of suffering and adversity. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Defeatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Defeatism">Defeatism</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disappointment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disappointment">Disappointment</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Dorado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Micawberism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Micawberism">Micawberism</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optimism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Optimism">Optimism</a></li> <li>"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Self-Reliance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Self-Reliance">Self-Reliance</a>"</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Principle_of_Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Principle of Hope">The Principle of Hope</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utopianism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">Utopianism</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spe_salvi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spe salvi">Spe salvi</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hope">"Hope | Define Hope at 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Retrieved 2012-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Hearts+Build+Lives%3A+Positive+Emotions%2C+Induced+Through+Loving-Kindness+Meditation%2C+Build+Consequential+Personal+Resources&rft.pub=Journal+of+Personality+and+Social+Psychology%2C+95%2C+pp.+1045%E2%80%931062&rft.au=Fredrickson%2C+Barbara+L.%2C+et+al.+%282008%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsycnet.apa.org.suproxy.su.edu%2Fjournals%2Fpsp%2F95%2F5%2F1045.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> D. Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (1996) p. 88</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2021" class="citation journal cs1">Roth, Leopold Helmut Otto (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162787">"Factor structure of the "Top Ten" positive emotions of Barbara Fredrickson"</a>. Frontiers in Psychology. 12: 641804. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3389%252Ffpsyg.2021.641804">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641804</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162787">8162787</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34054647">34054647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Psychology&rft.atitle=Factor+structure+of+the+%22Top+Ten%22+positive+emotions+of+Barbara+Fredrickson&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=641804&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8162787%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34054647&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.641804&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Leopold+Helmut+Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8162787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110102512/http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type%3Ddoc%26id%3D28966%26cn%3D110">"Breaking down Barack Obama's Psychology of Hope and how it may help you in trying times… – Wellness, Disease Prevention, And Stress Reduction Information"</a>. 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(1974) p. 57–8</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> Peter Berger, A Rumour of Angels (1973) p. 79</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pp. 7–8</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'ZurillaNezu1999" class="citation book cs1">D'Zurilla, Thomas J.; Nezu, Arthur M. 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Journal of Clinical Psychology. 55 (5): 539–551. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1002%252F%2528SICI%25291097-4679%2528199905%252955%253A5%253C539%253A%253AAID-JCLP2%253E3.0.CO%253B2-G">10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199905)55:5<539::AID-JCLP2>3.0.CO;2-G</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10392785">10392785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+Hope+Construct%2C+Will%2C+and+Ways%3A+Their+Relations+with+Self-Efficacy%2C+Optimism%2C+and+General+Well-Being&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=539-551&rft.date=1999-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4679%28199905%2955%3A5%3C539%3A%3AAID-JCLP2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10392785&rft.au=Magaletta%2C+Philip+R.%2C+%26+Oliver%2C+J.M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252F%2528SICI%25291097-4679%2528199905%252955%253A5%253C539%253A%253AAID-JCLP2%253E3.0.CO%253B2-G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_journal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> Tom Shippey, J. R. R. Tolkien (2001) p. 153</li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> Tom Shippey, The Road to Middle-Earth (1992) p. 140–3</li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> Kohler, K., Guttmacher, A., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7855-hope">Hope</a>, Jewish Encyclopedia, accessed 16 February 2023</li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> "hope" A Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Edited by Elizabeth Knowles. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford University Press.</li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402102757/http://bible-library.com/hope">"Meaning of : Hope; Bible Definition"</a>. Bible-library.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bible-library.com/hope">the original</a> on April 2, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meaning+of+%3A+Hope%3B+Bible+Definition&rft.pub=Bible-library.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbible-library.com%2Fhope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-bible1-54">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bible1_54-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bible1_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bible.org/article/hope">"Hope | Bible.org – Worlds Largest Bible Study Site"</a>. Bible.org. Retrieved 2012-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hope+%26%23124%3B+Bible.org+%E2%80%93+Worlds+Largest+Bible+Study+Site&rft.pub=Bible.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbible.org%2Farticle%2Fhope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/view.cgi?number%3DT2841">"HOPE – Holman Bible Dictionary on"</a>. Studylight.org. Retrieved 2012-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HOPE+%E2%80%93+Holman+Bible+Dictionary+on&rft.pub=Studylight.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studylight.org%2Fdic%2Fhbd%2Fview.cgi%3Fnumber%3DT2841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> Dante, Hell (1975) p. 85</li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx%3Dpdf">prati-dhi</a> Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Koeln, Germany (2009), see page 666</li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx%3Dpdf">Apêksh</a> Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Koeln, Germany (2009), see page 56</li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput%3DapekSA%26direction%3DSE%26script%3DHK%26link%3Dyes%26beginning%3D0">apekSA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630151027/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput%3DapekSA%26direction%3DSE%26script%3DHK%26link%3Dyes%26beginning%3D0">Archived</a> 2017-06-30 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Spoken Sanskrit-English dictionary Version 4.2, Germany (2008)</li> <li id="cite_note-djr-60">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-djr_60-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-djr_60-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-djr_60-2">c</a> De John Romus (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ijt/37-1_001.pdf">Karma and Bhakti ways of Salvation: A Christological Perspective</a>, Indian Journal of Theology, Volume 37, Issue 1, pages 1–14</li> <li id="cite_note-dsr-61">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dsr_61-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dsr_61-1">b</a> De Smet, R. (1977), A Copernican Reversal: The Gītākāra's Reformulation of Karma, Philosophy East and West, 27(1), pages 53–63</li> <li id="cite_note-mb-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mb_62-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Bloomfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Bloomfield">Maurice Bloomfield</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/jstor-592741">The Mind as Wish-Car in the Veda</a>, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 39, pages 280–282</li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a> David Krieger (1989), Salvation in the World – A Hindu-Christian Dialogue on Hope and Liberation, in Jerald Gort (Editor, Dialogue and Syncretism: An Interdisciplinary Approach), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0501-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0501-9">0-8028-0501-9</a>, see Chapter 14</li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> Jeffrey Wattles, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/syllabi/w/wattles/hkarma.htm">The Concept of Karma in the Bhagawad Gita</a>, Department of Philosophy, Wabash Center, Kent State University (2002)</li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bennett, Oliver (2011-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10286632.2010.543462">"The manufacture of hope: religion, eschatology and the culture of optimism"</a>. International Journal of Cultural Policy. 17 (2): 115–130. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F10286632.2010.543462">10.1080/10286632.2010.543462</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1028-6632">1028-6632</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11071239">11071239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cultural+Policy&rft.atitle=The+manufacture+of+hope%3A+religion%2C+eschatology+and+the+culture+of+optimism&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-130&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11071239%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1028-6632&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10286632.2010.543462&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F10286632.2010.543462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lionsroar.com/ask-the-teachers-what-is-the-buddhist-view-of-hope/">"Ask the Teachers: What is the Buddhist view of hope?"</a>. Lion’s Roar. Retrieved 2024-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lion%E2%80%99s+Roar&rft.atitle=Ask+the+Teachers%3A+What+is+the+Buddhist+view+of+hope%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lionsroar.com%2Fask-the-teachers-what-is-the-buddhist-view-of-hope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hope&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li>Averill, James R. Rules of hope. Springer-Verlag, 1990.</li> <li>Miceli, Maria and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristiano_Castelfranchi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristiano Castelfranchi">Cristiano Castelfranchi</a>. "Hope: The Power of Wish and Possibility" in Theory Psychology. April 2010 vol. 20 no. 2 251–276.</li> <li>Kierkegaard, Søren A. The Sickness Unto Death. Princeton University Press, 1995.</li> <li>Snyder, C. R. Handbook of hope: theory, measures, & applications. Academic [Press], 2000.</li> <li>Stout, Larry. Ideal Leadership: Time for a Change. Destiny Image, 2006</li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ümid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F" title="Надзея – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Надзея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F" title="Надзея – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Надзея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" 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hreflang="et" data-title="Lootus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CE%25BB%25CF%2580%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B1" title="Ελπίδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελπίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanza" title="Esperanza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esperanza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espero_(emocio)" title="Espero (emocio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Espero (emocio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itxaropen" title="Itxaropen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itxaropen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25AF" title="امید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espoir_(philosophie)" title="Espoir (philosophie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espoir (philosophie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoop" title="Hoop – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hoop" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanza_(psicolox%25C3%25ADa)" title="Esperanza (psicoloxía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esperanza (psicoloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%259D%25AC%25EB%25A7%259D" title="희망 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="희망" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B5%25D5%25BD" title="Հույս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հույս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="आशा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आशा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nada" title="Nada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espero" title="Espero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Espero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harapan" title="Harapan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speranza" title="Speranza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Speranza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2594" title="תקווה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקווה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangarep-arep" title="Pangarep-arep – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pangarep-arep" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a 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data-title="Tumaini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lespwa" title="Lespwa – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lespwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spes" title="Spes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viltis" title="Viltis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viltis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rem%25C3%25A9ny_(%25C3%25A9rzelem)" title="Remény (érzelem) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Remény (érzelem)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoop" title="Hoop – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="आशा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आशा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%258C%25E6%259C%259B" title="希望 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="希望" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C3%25A5p" title="Håp – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Håp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von" title="Von – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Von" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2589%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25A6" title="ਉਮੀਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਮੀਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadzieja_(psychologia)" title="Nadzieja (psychologia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadzieja (psychologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperan%25C3%25A7a" title="Esperança – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esperança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speran%25C8%259B%25C4%2583" title="Speranță – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Speranță" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Надежда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Надежда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25B7%25E1%25B1%259F_(%25E1%25B1%25B5%25E1%25B1%25B7%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%259F)" title="ᱟᱥᱷᱟ (ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ) – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱥᱷᱟ (ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howp" title="Howp – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Howp" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shpresa" title="Shpresa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shpresa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiranza" title="Spiranza – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Spiranza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25BE%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7" title="ھیوا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Нада – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li 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data-title="Umut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anidaso" title="Anidaso – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Anidaso" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Надія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Надія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25AF" title="امید – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy_v%25E1%25BB%258Dng" title="Hy vọng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hy vọng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B8%25B4%25E6%259C%259B" title="渴望 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="渴望" 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