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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Meka&returntoquery=section%3D3%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Meka&returntoquery=section%3D3%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Meka&returntoquery=section%3D3%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Meka&returntoquery=section%3D3%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia_eta_erabilera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia_eta_erabilera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia eta erabilera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia_eta_erabilera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gobernua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gobernua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gobernua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gobernua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mahomaren_aurreko_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahomaren_aurreko_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mahomaren aurreko historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahomaren_aurreko_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mahoma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_politikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_politikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Historia politikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_politikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Otomandar_inbasioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Otomandar_inbasioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Otomandar inbasioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Otomandar_inbasioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Geografia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Auzoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auzoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Auzoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auzoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leku_santuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leku_santuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Leku santuak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leku_santuak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Leku santuak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leku_santuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Masjid_al-Haram_meskita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masjid_al-Haram_meskita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Masjid al-Haram meskita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masjid_al-Haram_meskita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaaba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaaba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Kaaba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaaba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zamzam_putzua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zamzam_putzua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Zamzam putzua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zamzam_putzua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mina_eta_Arafat_mendia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mina_eta_Arafat_mendia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Mina eta Arafat mendia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mina_eta_Arafat_mendia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mekako_istiluak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mekako_istiluak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mekako istiluak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mekako_istiluak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ekonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Osasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondarea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondarea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ondarea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ondarea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iruditegia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iruditegia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Iruditegia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iruditegia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oharrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oharrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Oharrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oharrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 193 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-193" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">193 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meukah" title="Meukah – acehnera" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meukah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB" title="መካ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D9%87" title="مكه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мэка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ཁ། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ཁ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%95" title="مەککە – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەککە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A7" title="މައްކާ – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މައްކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μέκκα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέκκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekko" title="Mekko – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mekko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecque" title="La Mecque – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Mecque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meche" title="La Meche – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="La Meche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meice" title="Meice – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ka" title="Méka – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Méka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – gorontaloera" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontaloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="મક્કા – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મક્કા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – hawaiiera" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%94" title="מכה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecca" title="La Mecca – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La Mecca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB" title="メッカ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/makax" title="makax – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="makax" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Мекке – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мекке" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ម៉ិកកា – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ិកកា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%B9%B4" title="메카 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81%D9%95" title="مکہٕ – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مکہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meke" title="Meke – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meke" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Меке – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Меке" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – madurera" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka_(Arabia_Saodita)" title="Meka (Arabia Saodita) – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Meka (Arabia Saodita)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makah" title="Makah – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Makah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="മക്ക – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мекка ош – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мекка ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߡߞߊ߫ – n’koera" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߞߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’koera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – chewera" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="La Mèca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Меккæ – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Меккæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੱਕਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੱਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – pampangera" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_M%C3%A8ke" title="El Mèke – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="El Mèke" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%ABcca" title="La Mëcca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="La Mëcca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27A_Mecca" title="'A Mecca – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="'A Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AA%D9%88" title="مڪو – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8" title="මක්කම – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මක්කම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mecka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="மக்கா – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="మక్కా – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మక్కా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="มักกะฮ์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มักกะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekge" title="Mekge – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mekge" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%83%D9%83%DB%95" title="مەككە – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەككە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a_Meca" title="Ła Meca – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ła Meca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekk" title="Mekk – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mekk" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4kk%C3%A4" title="Mäkkä – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mäkkä" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%8A%A0" title="麦加 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90" title="מעקא – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81kk%C3%A0" title="Mẹ́kkà – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́kkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5806#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Meka" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meka"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meka"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Meka" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Meka" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&oldid=9389582" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Meka&id=9389582&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMeka%26section%3D3%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMeka%26section%3D3%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Meka"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Meka&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mecca" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5806" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Meka&params=21.4225_N_39.8261_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°25′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.4225°N 39.8261°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.4225; 39.8261</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #99c;">Meka<br /><span lang="ar">مكة المكرمة</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Erakargarri_turistiko" title="Erakargarri turistiko">turismo-atrakzioa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Makkah_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Makkah_Montage.jpg/280px-Makkah_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Makkah_Montage.jpg/420px-Makkah_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Makkah_Montage.jpg/560px-Makkah_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mecca" title="c:Category:Mecca"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/10px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mecca" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mecca">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="285" style="width:285px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q9610_(ben)-Yahya-মক্কা.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q9610_%28ben%29-Yahya-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE.wav/LL-Q9610_%28ben%29-Yahya-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q9610_%28ben%29-Yahya-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE.wav/LL-Q9610_%28ben%29-Yahya-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/LL-Q9610_%28ben%29-Yahya-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Administrazioa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Herrialdea</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Probintzia</th><td class="infobox-data">Mekako probintzia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alkatea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_bin_Faisal_Al_Saud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud (sortu gabe)">Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371263?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Izen ofiziala</th><td class="infobox-data">مكة</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jatorrizko izena</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="ar">مكة المكرمة</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Meka&params=21.4225_N_39.8261_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°25′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.4225°N 39.8261°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.4225; 39.8261</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="10" data-lat="21.4225" data-lon="39.8261" data-overlays="["_e20c7db72b40d6ebca9d80f4a1e734aba1eb7947"]" href="/wiki/Berezi:Map/10/21.4225/39.8261/eu"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,21.4225,39.8261,280x250.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Meka&revid=9389582&groups=_e20c7db72b40d6ebca9d80f4a1e734aba1eb7947" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,21.4225,39.8261,280x250@2x.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Meka&revid=9389582&groups=_e20c7db72b40d6ebca9d80f4a1e734aba1eb7947 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Azalera</th><td class="infobox-data">760 km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Altuera</th><td class="infobox-data">277 m</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Demografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Biztanleria</th><td class="infobox-data">2.427.924 <small>(2022)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Dentsitatea</th><td class="infobox-data">3.195 bizt/km²</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Informazio gehigarria</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Telefono aurrizkia</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>1</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ordu eremua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hiri senidetuak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/">http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Meka</b><sup id="cite_ref-eus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a> مَـكَّـة الْـمُـكَـرَّمَـة, <i>Makkah al-Mukkaramah</i>) <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabiako</a> hiria da, <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiar</a> penintsulako mendebaldean kokatua dagoena. <a href="/wiki/Tihamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihamah">Tihamahko</a> lautadan dago, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_penintsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabiar penintsula">Arabiar penintsulako</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hejazi (sortu gabe)">Hejazi</a> eskualdean. Mekako eskualdearen hiriburu administratiboa da<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeddah">Jeddahtik</a> 70 kilometrora dago barnealdean, bailara estu batean, 277 metroko altueran. <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medinatik</a> 340 kilometrora dago hegoaldean. 2012an ia 2 milioi biztanle zituen, baina urtero hirukoizten da kopuru hau <a href="/wiki/Hajj" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajj">Hajjean</a> zehar (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">حَـجّ‎</span>, "Erromesaldia"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dh%C5%ABl-%E1%B8%A4ijjah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhūl-Ḥijjah (sortu gabe)">Dhūl-Ḥijjah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة‎</span>) hamabigarren hilabete Islamdarrean ospatzen den data. </p><p>Hiri honetan <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Muhammad</a> jaio zenez, eta <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koranaren</a> lehen errebelazioa bertan jaso zuenez (bereziki Mekatik 3 kilometrora dagoen kobazulo batean)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Meka <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamaren</a> hiri santuena da<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, urtero milaka erromes <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmanek</a> bisitatzen dutenak <a href="/wiki/Hajj" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> gisa ezagutzen den <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmanen</a> derrigorrezko<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>oh 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> erromesaldian<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mekan <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> dago, gehienek Islamaren lekurik sakratuenetzat dutena. Musulman guztiek Kaabarantz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qibla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qibla (sortu gabe)">zuzendu behar dituzte euren eguneko otoitza</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Urte luzez Mekan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahomaren_ondorengotza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahomaren ondorengotza (sortu gabe)">Mahomaren ondorengoek</a> agindu dute, <a href="/wiki/Mekako_xerife" title="Mekako xerife">Mekako xerifeek</a>, agintari independiente gisa edo beste agintari batzuen basailotzan. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925ean</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_ibn_Saud" title="Abdulaziz ibn Saud">Ibn Saudek</a> konkistatu zuen. Azken hamarkadetan Mekak hedapen handia izan du bai tamainan, bai azpiegituratan. <a href="/wiki/Abraj_Al_Bait" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraj Al Bait">Abraj Al Bait</a> egitura edo <i>Mekako Erret Erlojuaren Dorre Hotela</i> bertan dago, munduko laugarren eraikinik altuena eta azalera handiena duen hirugarren eraikina. Eraikuntza prozesu honetan Mekak egitura historiko asko eta aztarnategi arkeologiko batzuk galdu ditu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajyad_gotorlekua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajyad gotorlekua (sortu gabe)">Ajyad gotorlekua</a> kasu<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gaur egun 15 milioi bidaiarik bisitatzen dute Meka urtero, horietako milioi batzuk Hajjeko egunetan. Ondorioz, Meka mundu musulmaneko hiri kosmopolitenetako bat da<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, nahiz eta ez-musulmanak ezin diren hirian sartu<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia_eta_erabilera">Etimologia eta erabilera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia eta erabilera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia eta erabilera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meka da hiriaren euskarazko izena<sup id="cite_ref-eus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, eta arabierazko izenaren transliterazioa, nahiz eta transliterazio ofiziala <i>Makkah</i> den, arabierazko ahoskeratik gertuago. Mekak musulmanentzat duen garrantzia dela eta, askotan erabiltzen da jende asko biltzen duen gune gisa<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, nahiz eta euskaraz ez den hiztegietan jasotzen. Arabiera ez den beste hizkuntza bat hitz egiten duten musulman askorentzat erabilera hau iraingarria da<sup id="cite_ref-ham_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ham-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <i>Makkah</i> transliterazio ofiziala ez da oso erabilia munduan zehar. Izen ofizial osoa <b>Makkah al-Mukarramah</b> da (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">مَـكَّـة الْـمُـكَـرَّمَـة‎‎</span> edo <b>Makkatu l-Mukarramah</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">مَـكَّـةُ الْـمُـكَـرَّمَـة‎‎</span>) da, "Ohorezko Meka" gisa itzul daitekena, baina "Meka Hiri Santu" gisa ere itzultzen dena<sup id="cite_ref-ham_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ham-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Antzinako izena <b>Bakkah</b> zen (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">بَـكَّـة‎‎</span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, batzuetan <b>Baka</b>, <b>Bekka</b> edo antzeko izenekin transliteratua)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Arabierazko hitza bada ere, bere etimologia iluna da, Mekarena den bezala<sup id="cite_ref-Brill_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brill-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Orokorrean Mekaren sinonimotzat jotzen bada ere, baliteke haranaren antzinako izena izatea, eta ez hiriarena berarena. Islamaren ikertzaile batzuek uste dute <a href="/wiki/Kaabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaabah">Kaabah</a> eta bere inguruaren izena izan daitekeela, Mekaren barruko lurralde sakratuarena<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Forma hau agertzen da Meka izendatzeko Koranean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Imram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Imram (sortu gabe)">3:96</a> <a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Surahn</a>, baina Meka izena agertzen da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Fath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Fath (sortu gabe)">48:24n</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brill_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brill-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mekari buruzko beste aipamen batzuk badaude Koranean (6:92<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta 42:5<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <b>Umm al-Qurā</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">أُمّ الْـقُـرَى‎‎</span>; "Herri guztien ama") izenarekin. Ṫihāmah izena ere agertzen da (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">تِـهَـامَـة‎‎</span>). </p><p>Mekaren beste izen bat, edo bere inguruan dauden mendi eta basamortuarena <b>Faran</b> (edo Pharan) da, arabiar eta Islamdar tradizioaren arabera. Izen hau <a href="/wiki/Hasiera" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasiera">Hasieran</a> 21:21 aipatzen da, <a href="/wiki/Itun_Zaharra" title="Itun Zaharra">Itun Zaharrean</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parango_basamortua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parango basamortua (sortu gabe)">Parango basamortua</a> izenarekin. Arabiar tradizioak dio Parango eskualdea, zentzu zabalean, <a href="/wiki/Tihamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihamah">Tihamah</a> dela, <a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismaelek</a> Meka eraiki zuen lekua<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaqut_al-Hamawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi (sortu gabe)">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a> <a href="/wiki/XII._mende" class="mw-redirect" title="XII. mende">XII. mendeko</a> siriar geografoak idatzi zuen Fārān arabierara ekarritako hebreerazko hitz bat zela, <a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">Torahn</a> aipatzen den Mekaren izenetako bat"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gobernua">Gobernua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gobernua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Gobernua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meka hiria udalerri homonimoak gobernatzen du, zeinaren gobernua tokiko 14 hautetsi kidek osatzen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politika_Saudi_Arabian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politika Saudi Arabian (sortu gabe)">dute eta herrialdeko gobernuak</a> izendatutako alkate batek (<i>Al-Amin</i> izenekoa) zuzentzen du. Gaur egungo hiriko alkatea Usama al-Bar da. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka_probintzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meka probintzia (sortu gabe)">izen bereko probintziako</a> hiriburua da, <a href="/wiki/Jidda" title="Jidda">Jeddah</a> hiria barne hartzen duena, probintziako handiena. Probintziako gobernadorea, 2000 eta 2007 artean, bere heriotzaren urtea, izan zen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Majeed_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (sortu gabe)">Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a> printzea. <sup id="cite_ref-mjid-obit_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mjid-obit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2007ko maiatzaren 16an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_bin_Faisal_Al_Saud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud (sortu gabe)">Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud</a> printzea izendatu zuten gobernadore berri. <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahomaren_aurreko_historia">Mahomaren aurreko historia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mahomaren aurreko historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mahomaren aurreko historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jabbal_An-Nour_-_Makkah_(2241558560).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jabbal_An-Nour_-_Makkah_%282241558560%29.jpg/220px-Jabbal_An-Nour_-_Makkah_%282241558560%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jabbal_An-Nour_-_Makkah_%282241558560%29.jpg/330px-Jabbal_An-Nour_-_Makkah_%282241558560%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jabbal_An-Nour_-_Makkah_%282241558560%29.jpg/440px-Jabbal_An-Nour_-_Makkah_%282241558560%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabal_al-Nour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabal al-Nour (sortu gabe)">Jabal al-Nour</a> mendia, Mahomak Gabriel aingeruaren agerpenak izan zituen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirako_koba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirako koba (sortu gabe)">Hirako kobazuloa</a> dagoen tokian.</figcaption></figure> <p>Islamiar tradizioaren arabera <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> da Mekan lehenengo eraikuntza <a href="/wiki/Ala" title="Ala">Alaren</a> eskariz egiten duena. Denborarekin eraikuntza desagertzen joan da <a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismael</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abrahamen</a> egunetara arte. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarai (sortu gabe)">Saraik</a>, Abrahamen emaztea antzua zelarik, <a href="/wiki/Agar_(Biblia)" title="Agar (Biblia)">Agar</a> <a href="/wiki/Esklabotza" title="Esklabotza">esklaboa</a> eskaini zion Abrahami. Agar laster jaiotzen da. Sarai jeloskor batek Agar gogor tratatzen du, bere semearekin basamortura ihes egitera behartuz. Biak egarriz hiltzeko zorian daudenez, <a href="/wiki/Aingeru" title="Aingeru">aingeru</a> bat agertuko da Ismaelen amaren aurrean eta lurra jotzeko eskatuko dio. Hura jotzean, lurretik ura kimatzen hasten da eta <a href="/wiki/Zamzam_putzua" title="Zamzam putzua">Zamzam</a> putzua sortzen da. Putzu honen inguruan basamortuko jende gehiagorekin finkatzen dira eta Meka (Beka) sortzen da.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abrahamek Ismaelera hainbat bisita egin ondoren, Abrahamek, Allahren eskariz, <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaabako</a> gela eraikitzea proposatzen du, jendeak leku honetara <a href="/wiki/Erromesaldi" title="Erromesaldi">erromeriak</a> egin ditzan. Denborarekin, <a href="/wiki/Monoteismo" title="Monoteismo">jainko bakarraren</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurtzatzea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurtzatzea (sortu gabe)">gurtza</a> ahaztu egin zen, eta tribu ezberdinak Mekara iristen hasi ziren euren harrizko jainkoak zeramatzatela. Meka laster <a href="/wiki/Idolatria" title="Idolatria">idolatria</a> forma ezberdinen erromes leku bihurtu zen. Egoera honek <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahoma</a> iritsi arte iraun zuen, zeinak herriei "gogoratu" zien, besteak beste, Allah bakarrik gurtzeko harekin ezer lotu gabe. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiar penintsulako</a> baldintza gogorrek, oro har, Arabiako tribu ezberdinen arteko gatazka etengabea suposatzen zuten, baina urtean behin tregua deklaratzen zen eta Mekara bat egiten zuten urteroko erromerian. Bidaia hau erlijio arrazoiengatik egin zen, <a href="/wiki/Santutegi" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Santutegi">ermita</a> omentzeko eta Zamzam putzuko urak edateko. Baina, urtero, gatazkak arbitratzeko, zorrak kitatzeko eta Mekako azoketan <a href="/wiki/Merkataritza" title="Merkataritza">merkataritza</a> garatzeko garai eta leku gisa ere balio izan zuen. Tribuen urteroko gertaera hauek nortasun komun bat eman zuten eta Meka oso hiri garrantzitsu bihurtu zuten penintsula osoan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/V._mendea" title="V. mendea">V. mendean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quraix" title="Quraix">Quraysh</a> tribuak Mekaren kontrola lortu zuen eta bertako kideak merkatari eta merkatari trebeak bihurtu ziren. <a href="/wiki/VI._mendea" title="VI. mendea">VI.mendean</a> <a href="/wiki/Espezia" title="Espezia">espezien</a> merkataritza errentagarriarekin bat egin zuten, munduko beste leku batzuetan izandako borrokek merkataritza-bideak itsas bide arriskutsuetatik lurreko bide nahiko seguruagoetara bideratzea eragin baitzuten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahoma">Mahoma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mahoma»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mahoma"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fakzio txiki bateko kidea zen, <a href="/wiki/Haxemiak" title="Haxemiak">haxemitak</a>, agintean zegoen Quraysh tribuko. Errebelazio jasotzen hasi eta hiriko <a href="/wiki/Paganismo" title="Paganismo">paganismoaren</a> kontra predikatzen hasi ondoren, 622an emigratu zuen (ikus <a href="/wiki/Hejira" title="Hejira">Hejira</a>) jarraitzaile batzuekin <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> hirira, eta hainbat eraso egin zituen Mekako merkataritzaren aurka, karabana erasotuz. <a href="/wiki/Badreko_gudua" title="Badreko gudua">Badr-eko guduan Mekak</a> zeukan lidergoa gutxitu eta ospe handia lortu zuen beduinoen tribuen artean. Gatazkak jarraitu zuen, hala nola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uhuden_gudua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uhuden gudua (sortu gabe)">Uhudeko guduan eta Lubakiko</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubakien_borroka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubakien borroka (sortu gabe)">guduan</a>. </p><p>628an, Mahomak jarrera baketsuagoa hartu zuen: bera eta jarraitzaile batzuk Mekara sartzen saiatu ziren erromesaldian, erritual tradizionalak <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamak</a> onartu zitezkeela erakusteko. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hudaybiyyah-ko_ituna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hudaybiyyah-ko ituna (sortu gabe)">Hudaybiyyah-</a> ko itunarekin musulmanak hirian sartzea ahalbidetuko zuen tregua adostu zen. Bi urte beranduago, tregua hautsi zen, baina borroka egin beharrean, Meka hiria Mahomaren esku utzi zen, eta honek <a href="/wiki/Amnistia" title="Amnistia">amnistia</a> aldarrikatu zuen biztanleentzat eta opari oparoak eman zizkion Quraysh nagusiei. </p><p>Hala, aldaketa nagusiak burutu zituen, Kaaba barruko kultu-irudi guztiak kentzeko eta suntsitzeko aginduz, garai hartan Islamaren lekurik santuena eta musulmanen erromesaldiaren erdigune bilakatu zena. Medinara itzuli zen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attab_Bin_Usaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attab Bin Usaid (sortu gabe)">Attab Bin Usaid</a> gobernadore izendatu ondoren egunean <a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">dirham</a> 1eko soldatarekin. Arabiar tribu askok Islama beren fede gisa onartzea erabaki zuten. Mahomak ezinezkoa zirudien zerbait lortu zuen orduan: Arabiar penintsulako tribu gudariak <i><a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">umma</a></i> bakar batean batzea. Bere predikua eta Koraniko ikuspegiak sinesmen-sistema anitzen sintesi batean oinarritzen ziren, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_preislamikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabia preislamikoa (sortu gabe)">Arabia</a> preislamiar-eko elementuak judu eta kristau ideia erlijiosoekin konbinatuz. </p><p>Mahoma 632an hil zen, baina arabiarrei helarazi zien batasun sentimenduarekin, islamak hedapen azkarra hasi zuen, eta hurrengo ehun urteetan <a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_Afrika" title="Iparraldeko Afrika">Afrika iparraldera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiara</a> hedatu zen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabiar_Inperioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabiar Inperioa (sortu gabe)">Islamiar Inperioa</a> hazten joan zen heinean, Mekak erromesak erakartzen jarraitu zuen, ez soilik Arabiatik, baizik eta hortik aurrera Inperio osoan zehar. </p><p>Beste aldaketa garrantzitsu bat izan zen musulmanak <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalemerantz</a> prosternatu zirela beren eguneroko otoitzetan, baina, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medinako</a> judu komunitatearekin aurre egin ondoren, Mahomak esan zuen Koranaren (Koran) <a href="/wiki/Aia" title="Aia">bertso</a> bat etorri zela, eta agerian utzi zion, otoitzean aldaketa egin behar zela, eta denek Kaabari begira egin behar zela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historia_politikoa">Historia politikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia politikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Historia politikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Mecca-1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg/220px-Mecca-1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg/330px-Mecca-1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg/440px-Mecca-1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Meka 1850ean</figcaption></figure> <p>Islamiar historian zehar, Meka ez da inoiz <a href="/wiki/Kalifa-herri" title="Kalifa-herri">kalifatoren</a> hiriburua izan. Mahomak Medinara emigratzeak hiria ezarri zuen Ummaren lehen hiriburu gisa. <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali Ibn Abi Talib</a>, Mahomaren suhiak eta <a href="/wiki/Rasidar_kalifaldia" title="Rasidar kalifaldia">Zuzen Gidatutako Kalifa</a> deritzonen artean laugarrenak, Ummah hiriburua <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufara</a> eraman zuen, Irakeko. Hiria laburki sartu zen berriro Islamiar historia politikoan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd-Allah_ibn_al-Zubayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr (sortu gabe)">Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr-</a> ek zuzendutako talde batek omeiatar kalifa berrien aurka egin zuenean. <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I.a" title="Yazid I.a">Yazid I.a</a> kalifa Meka setiatu zuen 683an. <a href="/wiki/Omeiatar_Kalifa-herria" title="Omeiatar Kalifa-herria">Omeiatar dinastia boterera iritsi</a> zenean, Siriako <a href="/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko">Damaskora</a> eraman zuen hiriburua, eta, ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Abbastar_Kalifa-herria" title="Abbastar Kalifa-herria">Abasidar Kalifatuak</a> Irakeko <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdadera</a> eraman zuen hiriburua. Ummah musulmanaren zentroa Bagdaden egon zen ia 500 urtez, ikerketa eta merkataritza zentro gisa loratuz. Hala ere, Meka ez zen alde batera utzi alderdi musulmanen arteko borroketatik. <a href="/wiki/930" title="930">930.</a> urtean <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1rmata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cármata (sortu gabe)">karmatiarrek</a> hiria konkistatu eta arpilatu zuten, Kaabako harri beltza hartuz, hainbat hamarkada geroago arte itzuliko ez zutena. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XIII._mendea" title="XIII. mendea">XIII.mendean</a> <a href="/wiki/Mongol" title="Mongol">mongoliarrek</a> Bagdad inbaditu zuten eta hiria arpilatu zuten. Gertaera hau islamiar historiako ekintza gorrotagarrienetako bat izan zen. <a href="/wiki/Bagdadeko_setioa_(1258)" title="Bagdadeko setioa (1258)">Bagdadeko guduaren ondoren (1258)</a> gutxira, mongoliarrak mendebaldean berriro agertu eta Siria konkistatu zuten. <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a>, arabieraz "Garailea" edo "Errasaria" esan nahi duena, azkar azaleratzen da Ummako botere gune berri gisa. <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioa</a> boteretsu bihurtu zenean, hiriburua <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbulera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Konstantinopla" title="Konstantinopla">Konstantinopla</a>) eraman zuten. Erromesak Hajj-era iristen zirenean, askotan Mekako merkatuetan saltzeko salgaiekin finantzatzen zuten bidaia, eta etxera itzultzean saltzekoak erosten zituzten. </p><p>Gerora, hiriak protagonismo gutxi izan zuen politikan, deboziora zuzendutako hiria baitzen. Mendeetan zehar <a href="/wiki/Haxemiak" title="Haxemiak">Haxemitak</a> <a href="/wiki/Mekako_xerife" title="Mekako xerife">, Mekako sherifak</a>, Mahomaren ondorengoak bere biloba <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Alik</a> gobernatu zuten. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerife (sortu gabe)">Sherifek</a> kalifaren edo edozein agintari musulmanen izenean gobernatzen zuten, eta Bi Meskita Santuen zaindari gisa nabarmendu ziren. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Mecca1880s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mecca1880s.jpg/220px-Mecca1880s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mecca1880s.jpg/330px-Mecca1880s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mecca1880s.jpg/440px-Mecca1880s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Meka 1880ko hamarkadan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Otomandar_inbasioa">Otomandar inbasioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Otomandar inbasioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Otomandar inbasioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XVI.<a href="/wiki/XVI._mendea" title="XVI. mendea">mendean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">turkiarrek</a> hiria hartu zuten, euren menpe geratu zen, nahiz eta <a href="/wiki/Haxemiak" title="Haxemiak">haxemita sherif</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerife (sortu gabe)">,</a> Mahomaren eta bere suhia <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a>, administratzen jarraitzeko baimena eman zieten. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916an</a> <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali_(Mekako_xerifea)" title="Hussein bin Ali (Mekako xerifea)">Husayn ibn Ali</a> sherifa <a href="/wiki/Al-Hijaz" title="Al-Hijaz">Hijazeko</a> errege bihurtu zen otomandar boterearen aurkako matxinada baten ondoren, zeina <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Iraultza" title="Arabiar Iraultza">Arabiar Matxinada</a> bezala ezagutu zena. Meka izan zen iraupen laburreko erresuma honen hiriburua, <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924an</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudiak" title="Saudiak">saudiek</a> konkistatu eta haien Erdialdeko Arabiako erreinuari erantsi ziotena (<a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932an</a> bi lurraldeak <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> izena hartuko zuten). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auzoak">Auzoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Auzoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Auzoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count: 6; column-count: 6;"> <ul><li>Ajyad</li> <li>Al Adl<sup id="cite_ref-AN_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Faisaliyyah</li> <li>Al Gemmezah</li> <li>Al Ghassalah</li> <li>Al Hindawiyyah</li> <li>Al Iskan</li> <li>Al Khalediya<sup id="cite_ref-AN_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Maabda<sup id="cite_ref-AN_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Muaisem<sup id="cite_ref-AN_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Nuzha</li> <li>Al Rasaifah</li> <li>Al Shoqiyah<sup id="cite_ref-AN_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Al Shubaikah</li> <li>Al Sulaimaniyyah</li> <li>Al Tundobawi</li> <li>Al Utaibiyyah</li> <li>Al Zahir</li> <li>Al Zahra</li> <li>Aziziyah<sup id="cite_ref-AN_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gazza<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jabal Al Nour</li> <li>Jarwal</li> <li>Jurhum<sup id="cite_ref-NDN_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDN-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mina</li> <li>Misfalah</li> <li>Shar Mansur<sup id="cite_ref-NDN_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDN-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Suq Al Lail</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Klima»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Klima"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mekak oso klima <a href="/wiki/Basamortuko_klima" title="Basamortuko klima">lehorra</a> du. <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabiako</a> beste hiri batzuetan ez bezala, Mekak bere tenperatura epela mantentzen du neguan, hau da, 18 °C bitartean egon daiteke gauetan eta 30 °C arratsaldeetan. Udako tenperatura oso berotzat hartzen da, askotan 40°C baino gehiago arratsaldeetan, 30°C-era jaitsiz gauez. Azaroa eta urtarrila bitartean euria egun gutxi batzuetan egin izaten du.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Eskasi hori dela eta, <a href="/wiki/Prezipitazio_(meteorologia)" title="Prezipitazio (meteorologia)">prezipitazioak</a> <a href="/wiki/Uholde" title="Uholde">uholde</a>-mehatxua dakar eta arriskua izan da antzinatik. Azken mendean, larriena 1942an gertatu zen. Harrezkero, hainbat presa eraiki dira arazoa konpontzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="width:100%;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; background:#a2a9b1; text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <th colspan="14" style="font-weight:bold">  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/25px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/38px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/50px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span>   <big>Datu klimatikoak (Meka)</big>   <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/25px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/38px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/50px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span>   </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <th style="border-right-width:medium"> Hila  </th> <th abbr="Urtarrila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Urtarril">Urt</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Otsaila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Otsail">Ots</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Martxoa"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Martxo">Mar</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Apirila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Apiril">Api</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Maiatza"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Maiatz">Mai</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Ekaina"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Ekain">Eka</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Uztaila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Uztail">Uzt</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Abuztua"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Abuztu">Abu</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Iraila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Irail">Ira</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Urria"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Urri">Urr</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Azaroa"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Azaro">Aza</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Abendua"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Abendu">Abe</abbr>  </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium" abbr="Urtekoa"> Urtekoa  </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Erregistraturiko tenperatura maximoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF1F00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">37.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF1600;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">38.3 </td> <td style="background:#F80000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42.0 </td> <td style="background:#D20000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">44.7 </td> <td style="background:#920000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">49.4 </td> <td style="background:#8C0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">49.8 </td> <td style="background:#880000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">50.1 </td> <td style="background:#8F0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">49.6 </td> <td style="background:#920000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">49.4 </td> <td style="background:#B50000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">46.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF0400;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">40.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF1900;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">37.8 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">' </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura maximoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF4D00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">30.2 </td> <td style="background:#FF4500;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">31.4 </td> <td style="background:#FF2F00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">34.6 </td> <td style="background:#FF1400;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">38.5 </td> <td style="background:#F90000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">41.9 </td> <td style="background:#E00000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">43.7 </td> <td style="background:#ED0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42.8 </td> <td style="background:#EE0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42.7 </td> <td style="background:#EE0000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42.7 </td> <td style="background:#FF0B00;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">39.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF2C00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF4200;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">31.8 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF1800;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>37.9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura (ºC) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF7900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">23.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF7500;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">24.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF6200;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27.2 </td> <td style="background:#FF4900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">30.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF3100;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">34.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF2700;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.7 </td> <td style="background:#FF2700;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF2800;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.6 </td> <td style="background:#FF2C00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF4000;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">32.1 </td> <td style="background:#FF5A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">28.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF6E00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">25.5 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF4A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>30.7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura minimoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF9D3C;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18.6 </td> <td style="background:#FF9B38;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF8D1B;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">21.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF7600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">24.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF6000;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF5A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">28.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF5600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">29.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF5400;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">29.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF5700;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">28.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF6C00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">25.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF8001;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF9226;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">20.2 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF7400;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>24.6</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Erregistraturiko tenperatura minimoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFD2A5;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFCB97;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC489;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFB265;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.6 </td> <td style="background:#FF9225;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">20.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF860D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">23.4 </td> <td style="background:#FF7800;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">24.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF860D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFA144;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFAC5A;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.4 </td> <td style="background:#FFC892;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12.4 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">' </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0"><a href="/wiki/Euri" title="Euri">Euria</a> (mm) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#DFDFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">20.6 </td> <td style="background:#FCFCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.4 </td> <td style="background:#F5F5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">6.2 </td> <td style="background:#EDEDFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.6 </td> <td style="background:#FEFEFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.0 </td> <td style="background:#FCFCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#F6F6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.6 </td> <td style="background:#F6F6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.3 </td> <td style="background:#E9E9FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">14.2 </td> <td style="background:#DDDDFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">21.7 </td> <td style="background:#DEDEFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">21.4 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#F0F0FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>110.1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Prezipitazio egunak (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#CACAFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">4.1 </td> <td style="background:#F3F3FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.9 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.0 </td> <td style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.9 </td> <td style="background:#F6F6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.0 </td> <td style="background:#FCFCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.2 </td> <td style="background:#EAEAFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.6 </td> <td style="background:#E1E1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.3 </td> <td style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.9 </td> <td style="background:#CDCDFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3.9 </td> <td style="background:#D1D1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3.6 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>23.1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0"><a href="/wiki/Hezetasun" title="Hezetasun">Hezetasuna</a> (%) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#2121FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">58 </td> <td style="background:#3030FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">54 </td> <td style="background:#4747FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">48 </td> <td style="background:#5A5AFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">43 </td> <td style="background:#7575FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">36 </td> <td style="background:#8080FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">33 </td> <td style="background:#7C7CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">34 </td> <td style="background:#6969FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">39 </td> <td style="background:#5252FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">45 </td> <td style="background:#3F3FFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">50 </td> <td style="background:#2121FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">58 </td> <td style="background:#1D1DFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">59 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#4D4DFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>46.4</b> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%"><i>Iturria: <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leku_santuak">Leku santuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Leku santuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Leku santuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garai modernoan Mekako industria nagusiak urteroko <a href="/wiki/Haj" title="Haj">Hajj erromeria egiten</a> jarraitzen du, baita urteko beste garai guztietan hiria bisitatzen duten erromesak ere. Zure bisitaren geltoki nagusiak <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram meskita</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zamzam_putzua" title="Zamzam putzua">Zamzam putzua</a> dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masjid_al-Haram_meskita">Masjid al-Haram meskita</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Masjid al-Haram meskita»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Masjid al-Haram meskita"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Masjid al-Haram</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a> المسجد الحرام "meskita santua") Meka hiriko meskitarik garrantzitsuena eta Islamaren lehen leku santua da. Munduko meskitarik handienatzat hartzen da. </p><p>Egungo meskita <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570ekoa</a> da. Harrizko hormez inguratutako erdiko plaza baten forma du. Barruko santutegiaren inguruan marmolezko zoladura bat dago, <i>mataf</i> . Erdiko patioaren erdian Kaaba dago, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamaren</a> tenplurik santuena. </p><p>Lehenengo meskita <a href="/wiki/638" title="638">638an</a> eraiki zen, musulmanen hazkundeak <a href="/wiki/Omar" title="Omar">Umar ibn al-Khattab</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa">kalifa</a> gunea handitzera eraman zuenean. Otomandarrek berriro handitu zuten eta beren estilora eraberritu zuten 1570ean. 1990eko hamarkadaz geroztik, Saudiko gobernuak kanpoko patioa zabaltzeko eta sarbideak sortzeko programa handi bat hasi zuen, inguruan meskita eta hilerri zaharrak suntsituz (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabiako_ondare_islamikoa_suntsitzea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudi Arabiako ondare islamikoa suntsitzea (sortu gabe)">Saudi Arabiako ondare islamikoa suntsitzea</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/220px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/330px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/440px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Kaaba</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaaba">Kaaba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kaaba»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kaaba"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Kaaba</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">الكعبة, <i>al-ka'ba</i>‎</span> : الكعبة, piztu. 'dadoa' edo 'kuboa'), 'Jainkoaren etxea', <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiswa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiswa (sortu gabe)">kiswaz</a> estalitako meteorito zati bat da - zetazko oihal beltz bat <a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">, fede-lanbide musulmanaren</a> eta bertso koranikoen kaligrafia urrez brodatuak dituena - zeinari begira. musulman guztiek egunean bost aldiz otoitz egiten dute. Otoitzaren norabidea <a href="/wiki/Alkibla" title="Alkibla">qibla</a> izenez ezagutzen da, meskitaren hormetako batek irudikatzen duena, erraz antzematea <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a> izeneko nitxoa irekitzen delako bertan. </p><p>Erromes guztiak zazpi aldiz ezkerrera joan behar dira Kaaba inguruan eta Harri Beltzaren txokoa ukitzen saiatu behar dute, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawaaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawaaf (sortu gabe)">Tawaf</a> izeneko erritual batean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zamzam_putzua">Zamzam putzua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zamzam putzua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Zamzam putzua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Musulmanek uste dute Zamzameko putzua <a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismaelen</a> ama <a href="/wiki/Agar_(Biblia)" title="Agar (Biblia)">Agari</a> agertu zitzaiola, etsi-etsian bere seme txikiarentzat ura hartzera joan zenean. Ez zuen urik aurkitu Zamzam aurkitu zuen arte, eta horrek mutikotxoaren egarria asetzen zuen. Meka ur iturri gutxi dituen haran lehor bero batean dago, eta tradizioaren arabera, Zamzam ura Jainkoak bedeinkatzen du. </p><p>Zamzam urak propietate bereziak dituela uste da, gosea baretzen eta gaixotasunak sendatzen dituela. Erromes gutxi itzultzen dira erromesalditik Zamzam ur botilarik gabe. Mekako Masjid al-Haram eta Medinako Masjid al-Nabawi hozkailuen bidez publikoari zerbitzatzen zaion ura da. Erromes guztiek beren ahala egiten dute ur honetatik edaten erromesaldian eta batzuek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ihraam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ihraam (sortu gabe)">ihram</a> -jantziak bertan bustitzen dituzte, oihala euren ehorzketarako erabili ahal izateko, hiltzen direnean estalki gisa. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Mina_Overview.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mina_Overview.JPG/220px-Mina_Overview.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mina_Overview.JPG/330px-Mina_Overview.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mina_Overview.JPG/440px-Mina_Overview.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Mina</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mina_eta_Arafat_mendia">Mina eta Arafat mendia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mina eta Arafat mendia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Mina eta Arafat mendia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erromesaldi nagusian, erromesak <a href="/wiki/Mina_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Mina (Saudi Arabia)">Minara</a> joaten dira, inguruko herri txiki batera, non <a href="/wiki/Deabrua" title="Deabrua">deabrua</a> 26 metroko horma batek irudikatzen duen. Erromesek sinbolikoki harrikatzen dute, <a href="/wiki/Deabruaren_harrikatzea" title="Deabruaren harrikatzea">Deabruaren</a> harrikada deitzen den horretan. 2004ra arte deabrua hiru zutaberekin irudikatzen zen, baina orduan Saudiko gobernuak aipatutako harresiarekin ordezkatu zituen. Mina igaro ondoren, erromesak <a href="/wiki/Arafat_mendia" title="Arafat mendia">Arafat mendira</a> joaten dira, 70 metroko altuera duena, otoitzerako zuzendutako tokira. Uste da <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mohammed</a> <a href="/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta">profetak</a> bere azken hitzaldia hemen eman zuela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mekako_istiluak">Mekako istiluak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mekako istiluak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Mekako istiluak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Mecca_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mecca_view.jpg/220px-Mecca_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mecca_view.jpg/330px-Mecca_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mecca_view.jpg/440px-Mecca_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Kaaba erromesez bete zen 1910ean</figcaption></figure> <p>Erromes kopuru esanguratsu batek urtero bidaiatzen du Mekako Hajj-ean parte hartzera. XX.mendearen erdialdetik aurrera, garraio modernoaren orokortzearen ondorioz erromesen etengabeko hazkundea eta herrialde musulmanetan jaiotza-tasaren igoera handia dela eta, hainbeste jende aldi berean leku berean bilduta, edozein akats jendetzaren kontrolak benetako hondamendia eragin dezake. Azken tragedia batzuk hauek izan dira: <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979ko</a> azaroaren <a href="/wiki/Azaroaren_20" title="Azaroaren 20">20a</a> eta abenduaren <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_4" title="Abenduaren 4">4a</a> bitartean, disidente islamistek Al-Masjid al-Haram meskita hartu zuten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meskita_Handiaren_gertakaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meskita Handiaren gertakaria (sortu gabe)">Meskita Handiaren Istripua</a> deiturikoan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gendarmeria_Nazionaleko_Esku-hartze_Taldea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gendarmeria Nazionaleko Esku-hartze Taldea (sortu gabe)">GIGN</a>-ek lagundutako Saudi Indarrek meskita erasotu zuten, eta 127 hildako utzi zituzten Saudiko gobernuko indarren artean eta 117 hildako eta 68 exekutatu disidenteen artean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_31" title="Uztailaren 31">uztailaren 31n,</a> 400 bat erromes xiita, <a href="/wiki/Ruhola_Khomeini" title="Ruhola Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> <a href="/wiki/Aiatola" title="Aiatola">aiatolaren</a> jarraitzaileak, Saudi Poliziak tiroz hil zituen estatubatuarren aurkako manifestazio batean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_15" title="Uztailaren 15">uztailaren 15ean,</a> bost <a href="/wiki/Palestinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinar">palestinar</a> hil eta 34 zauritu ziren hiri santuaren inguruko kanpamentu batek su hartu zuenean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_10" title="Uztailaren 10">uztailaren 10ean,</a> eraso bikoitz batek pertsona bat hil eta beste 16 zauritu zituen. Urte horretako irailaren 21ean, Kuwaiteko 16 <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiita</a> exekutatu zituzten atentatuen egileak izatea leporatuta.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_2" title="Uztailaren 2">uztailaren 2an</a> 1.402 erromes hil ziren oinezkoen tunel baten barruan Mekara zihoazela.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Maiatzaren_23" title="Maiatzaren 23">maiatzaren 23an,</a> 270 erromes hil ziren ihesaldi batek, gehienbat <a href="/wiki/Turkiar" title="Turkiar">turkiarrak</a> .</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Apirilaren_15" title="Apirilaren 15">apirilaren 15ean,</a> 340 erromes hil ziren 70.000 karpa erre zirenean sute batean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>, 118 pertsona hil ziren deabruaren harrikada sinbolikoan ari zirela.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Otsailaren_1" title="Otsailaren 1">otsailaren 1ean</a> 244 pertsona hil ziren eta beste 244 zauritu ziren Demon Stone Stone erritualean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_11" title="Irailaren 11">irailaren 11n,</a> gutxienez 100 pertsona hil ziren eta hainbat dozena zauritu ziren Al-Masjid al-Haram meskita handira garabi bat erori zen haize-ekaitz baten ondorioz.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_24" title="Irailaren 24">irailaren 24an,</a> <a href="/wiki/Deabruaren_harrikatzea" title="Deabruaren harrikatzea">Deabruaren harrikada batean</a> 700 eta 2.400 pertsona artean hil ziren, historiako gertakaririk hilgarriena edo bigarren hilgarriena bihurtuz, aipatutako iturriaren arabera.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia">Ekonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Final_circulation_of_the_Kaaba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Final_circulation_of_the_Kaaba.jpg/220px-Final_circulation_of_the_Kaaba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Final_circulation_of_the_Kaaba.jpg/330px-Final_circulation_of_the_Kaaba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Final_circulation_of_the_Kaaba.jpg/440px-Final_circulation_of_the_Kaaba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abraj_Al_Bait_dorreak" title="Abraj Al Bait dorreak">Abraj Al Bait</a> 2010ean</figcaption></figure><p>Mekaren <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia_(jarduera)" title="Ekonomia (jarduera)">ekonomia</a> <a href="/wiki/Haj" title="Haj">Hajj</a>-era joaten diren pertsonek gastatzen duten diruaren araberakoa da ia esklusiboki. <a href="/wiki/Erromesaldi" title="Erromesaldi">Erromesaldi</a> honetan, 100 milioi dolar baino gehiago sartzen dira hirian, eta Saudiko gobernuak 50 milioi dolar inguru gastatzen ditu erromesentzako zerbitzuetan. </p><p>Hirian industria eta lantegi batzuk daude, baina Mekak jada ez du garrantzi handirik Saudi Arabiako <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia_(jarduera)" title="Ekonomia (jarduera)">ekonomian</a>, petrolio esportazioetan oinarritzen baita neurri handi batean. Mekan diharduten industria bakanak ehungintza eta altzariak dira. Ura urria da eta janaria inportatu behar da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osasuna">Osasuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Osasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Osasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osasuna Saudiko gobernuak doan eskaintzen die erromes guztiei. Mekan zazpi ospitale nagusi daude: </p> <ul><li>Ajyad ospitalea (arabieraz: مستشفى أجياد)</li> <li>King Faisal ospitalea (arabieraz: مستشفى الملك فيصل)</li> <li>King Abdul Aziz ospitalea (arabieraz: مستشفى الملك عبدالعزيز)</li> <li>Sheesha ospitalea (arabieraz: مستشفى الششة)</li> <li>Al Noor ospitalea (arabieraz: مستشفى النور)</li> <li>Hira ospitalea (arabieraz: مستشفى حراء)</li> <li>Ama eta Haurren ospitalea (arabieraz: مستشفى الولادة والأطفال)</li> <li>King Abdullah osasun hiria (arabieraz: مدينة الملك عبدالله الطبية)</li></ul> <p>Egoiliarrentzat zein erromesentzat ere klinika ugari daude eskuragarri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ondarea">Ondarea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ondarea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Ondarea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram Meskita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraj_Al_Bait_dorreak" title="Abraj Al Bait dorreak">Abraj Al Bait dorreak</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iruditegia">Iruditegia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Iruditegia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Iruditegia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Al-Haram_mosque_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Masjid al-Haram Meskita eta Kaaba."><img alt="Masjid al-Haram Meskita eta Kaaba." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Al-Haram_mosque_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/120px-Al-Haram_mosque_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Al-Haram_mosque_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/180px-Al-Haram_mosque_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Al-Haram_mosque_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/240px-Al-Haram_mosque_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram Meskita</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu&wpDestFile=Makkah_(Mecca)_(2).jpg" class="new" title="Fitxategi:Makkah (Mecca) (2).jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120" data-height="120">Gauez.</span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gauez.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Inside_view_-Masjidul_Haram,_Makkah.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Masjid al-Haram Meskitaren barnealdea."><img alt="Masjid al-Haram Meskitaren barnealdea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Inside_view_-Masjidul_Haram%2C_Makkah.JPG/120px-Inside_view_-Masjidul_Haram%2C_Makkah.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Inside_view_-Masjidul_Haram%2C_Makkah.JPG/180px-Inside_view_-Masjidul_Haram%2C_Makkah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Inside_view_-Masjidul_Haram%2C_Makkah.JPG/240px-Inside_view_-Masjidul_Haram%2C_Makkah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram Meskitaren</a> barnealdea.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oharrak">Oharrak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oharrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Oharrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Beti ere horretarako gai badira, ordaintzeko aukera baldin badute, eta ez daudenean euren familia mantentzeko aukera baldin badute.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eus-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-eus_1-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eus_1-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0164.pdf"><i>Ekialde Hurbileko eta Ipar Afrikako toponimia. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36083670"><i>Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary.. </i></a> (3rd edition. argitaraldia) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0877795460" title="Berezi:BookSources/0877795460">0877795460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=36083670">36083670</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF1949-2003">1949-, Khan, A. M.,.  (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66768536"><i>Historical value of the Qurʼân and the Ḥadith. </i></a> Global Vision Publishing House <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/8187746475" title="Berezi:BookSources/8187746475">8187746475</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=66768536">66768536</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAhmed.2005">Ahmed., Al-Laithy,.  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66407445"><i>What everyone should know about the Qurʼan. </i></a> ([2nd ed. ]. argitaraldia) Garant <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9044117742" title="Berezi:BookSources/9044117742">9044117742</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=66407445">66407445</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF1946-1997">1946-, Nomachi, Kazuyoshi,.  (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38070619"><i>Mecca the blessed, Medina the radiant : the holiest cities of Islam. </i></a> (2nd ed. argitaraldia) Aperture <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/089381752X" title="Berezi:BookSources/089381752X">089381752X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=38070619">38070619</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/535491544"><i>Islamic beliefs, practices, and cultures.. </i></a> Marshall Cavendish Reference 2010 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780761479260" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780761479260">9780761479260</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=535491544">535491544</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAlexander)2004">Alexander), Nigosian, S. A. (Solomon.  (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61808887"><i>Islam : its history, teaching, and practices. </i></a> Indiana University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0253110742" title="Berezi:BookSources/0253110742">0253110742</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=61808887">61808887</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMontgomery)">Montgomery), Watt, W. Montgomery (William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6796252"><i>Muhammad : prophet and statesman. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0198810784" title="Berezi:BookSources/0198810784">0198810784</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6796252">6796252</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-2360114.html">«Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas'»</a> <i>The Independent</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFattah">Fattah, Hassan M.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/20/international/middleeast/20mecca.html"><i>Islamic Pilgrims Bring Cosmopolitan Air to Unlikely City. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFE.)1994">E.), Peters, F. E. (Francis.  (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29519319"><i>The Hajj : the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and the holy places. </i></a> Princeton University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0691021201" title="Berezi:BookSources/0691021201">0691021201</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=29519319">29519319</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFundazioa">Fundazioa, Elhuyar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hiztegiak.elhuyar.eus/es_eu/Meca">«Meca - Elhuyar hiztegiak»</a> <i>hiztegiak.elhuyar.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ham-14">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ham_14-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ham_14-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHam2004">Ham, Anthony.  (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56578151"><i>Saudi Arabia. </i></a> (1st ed. argitaraldia) Lonely Planet Publications <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/1740596676" title="Berezi:BookSources/1740596676">1740596676</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=56578151">56578151</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2002.02.0004:sura=3:verse=96">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2002.02.0004:sura=3:verse=96</a> «The Quran, sura 3, verse 96»] <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAnn.2000">Ann., Kipfer, Barbara.  (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42692203"><i>Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology. </i></a> Kluwer Academic/Plenum <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0306461587" title="Berezi:BookSources/0306461587">0306461587</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=42692203">42692203</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCyril.2001">Cyril., Glassé,.  (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48553252"><i>The new encyclopedia of Islam. </i></a> (Rev. ed. argitaraldia) AltaMira Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0759101892" title="Berezi:BookSources/0759101892">0759101892</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=48553252">48553252</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF1930-2010.1996">1930-2010., Phipps, William E.,.  (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31242994"><i>Muhammad and Jesus : a comparison of the prophets and their teachings. </i></a> Continuum <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0826409148" title="Berezi:BookSources/0826409148">0826409148</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=31242994">31242994</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brill-19">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Brill_19-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brill_19-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61766609"><i>Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics. </i></a> Brill 2005-2009 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9004144730" title="Berezi:BookSources/9004144730">9004144730</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=61766609">61766609</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFC.,">C.,, Peterson, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/74987958"><i>Muhammad, prophet of God. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0802807542" title="Berezi:BookSources/0802807542">0802807542</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=74987958">74987958</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF1886-1978.[1973]">1886-1978., Hitti, Philip K. (Philip Khuri),.  ([1973]). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/636443"><i>Capital cities of Arab Islam,. </i></a> University of Minnesota Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0816606633" title="Berezi:BookSources/0816606633">0816606633</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=636443">636443</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2002.02.0004:sura=6:verse=92">«The Quran, sura 6, verse 92»</a> <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2002.02.0004:sura=42:verse=5">«The Quran, sura 42, verse 5»</a> <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NeoOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA75"><i>A Series of Essays on the Life of Mohammad: And Subjects Subsidiary Thereto. </i></a> Trübner & Company 1870 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-12)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF1952-1990">1952-, Firestone, Reuven,.  (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21297755"><i>Journeys in holy lands : the evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael legends in Islamic exegesis. </i></a> State University of New York Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0791403319" title="Berezi:BookSources/0791403319">0791403319</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=21297755">21297755</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-08-12)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-23/mecca-seeks-to-lead-saudi-arabia-s-solar-energy-expansion.html"><i>Mecca Seeks to Lead Saudi Arabia’s Solar Energy Expansion. </i></a> Bloomberg 22 de septiembre de 2012</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mjid-obit-27"><a href="#cite_ref-mjid-obit_27-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/07/world/middleeast/07abdul.html"><i>Prince Abdul-Majid, Governor of Mecca, Dies at 65. </i></a> 7 de mayo de 2007</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/details.php?id=450421"><i>Prince Khalid Al Faisal appointed as governor of Makkah region. </i></a> Saudi Press Agency 16 de mayo de 2007</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/jul/14/ape-ancestors-fossil-skull-saadanius">«Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate»</a> <i>the Guardian</i> 2010-07-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-07)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AN-30">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-AN_30-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AN_30-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AN_30-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AN_30-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AN_30-4"><sup><b>e</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AN_30-5"><sup><b>f</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110185628/http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article184594.ece">ArabNews: "Makkah districts to have a bigger slice of the pie this time"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">[Associated Press: "Fire Breaks Out In Mecca Neighborhood Near Hajj Pilgrims"]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NDN-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NDN_32-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NDN_32-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714181938/http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/?a=18516">NigeriaNews: "Kano rents 15 houses in Saudi for pilgrims"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMillison2019-08-01">Millison, Andrew.  (2019-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.oregonstate.education/permaculturedesign/chapter/climate-analogue-examples/"><i>Climate Analogue Examples. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-07)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512182826/http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Mecca.RTF">«Wayback Machine»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2012-05-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-07)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pme.gov.sa/Makkah.htm"><i>Weather averages for Mecca. </i></a> PME</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071228012421/http://www.elmundo.es/1998/04/11/sociedad/10N0049.html">Tragedias en la peregrinación a La Meca</a> por <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Mundo_(Espa%C3%B1a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Mundo (España) (sortu gabe)">El Mundo</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805195108/http://www1.holymakkah.gov.sa/">Mekako Udak webgunea</a> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Arabieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Arabieraz)</b></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825165718/http://www.qibla.com.br/">Meka</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5806" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5806">Q5806</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mecca">Mecca</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q5806%22">Q5806</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-157091185">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157091185/">157091185</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121768551">0000000121768551</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX451634">XX451634</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119983981">119983981</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119983981">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4038514-0">4038514-0</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79032243">n79032243</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629323">00629323</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129992">ge129992</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044893">10044893</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028076664">028076664</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Lekuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Thesaurus_of_Geographic_Names" title="Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names">TGN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/2012648">2012648</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24575107" class="extiw" title="d:Q24575107">Atlas Digital del Imperio Romano</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/27108">27108</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5806" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5806">Q5806</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mecca">Mecca</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q5806%22">Q5806</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C5FFD0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Islamismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Islamismo (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";background:#C5FFD0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Islamismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Islamismo (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";background:#C5FFD0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Islamismo&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";background:#C5FFD0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; vertical-align:text-top; transform:rotate(0.1deg); background:#B1F9C7;"><a href="/wiki/Dotrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotrina">Dotrina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainkoa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Jainkoa">Jainkoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ala" title="Ala">Ala</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Literatura</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#D3FFDF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Profeziak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhufi_Ibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suhufi Ibrahim (sortu gabe)">Suhufi Ibrahim</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taurat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taurat (sortu gabe)">Taurat</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zabur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zabur (sortu gabe)">Zabur</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Injil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Injil (sortu gabe)">Injil</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Korana" class="mw-redirect" title="Korana">Korana</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#D3FFDF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Kodizeak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadiz (sortu gabe)">Hadiz</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Sineskera eta oinarriak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fatua" title="Fatua">Fatua</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Taqiya" title="Taqiya">Taqiya</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Xaria" title="Xaria">Xaria</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Islamaren_bost_euskarriak" title="Islamaren bost euskarriak">Islamaren bost euskarriak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Praktikak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">Otoitzak</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Fede profesioa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Haj" title="Haj">Erromesaldia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sawm" title="Sawm">Baraua</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Limosna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Leku sakratuak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zamzam_putzua" title="Zamzam putzua">Zamzam putzua</a>  •  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meka</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Nabawi" title="Masjid al-Nabawi">Masjid al-Nabawi</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Arrokaren_Kupula" title="Arrokaren Kupula">Arrokaren Kupula</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Al_Aksa_meskita" title="Al Aksa meskita">Al Aksa meskita</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Meskiten_Zelaigunea" title="Meskiten Zelaigunea">Meskiten Zelaigunea</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; vertical-align:text-top; transform:rotate(0.1deg); background:#B1F9C7;"><a href="/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta">Profetak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ulul Azmi</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Noe" title="Noe">Nuh</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Musa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Nazaretekoa" title="Jesus Nazaretekoa">Isa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahoma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Koranekoak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adan">Adan</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enok (sortu gabe)">Idris</a>  •  Nuh  •  <a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Hud</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selá (sortu gabe)">Salé</a>  •  Ibrahim  •  <a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lut</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismail</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Isaak" title="Isaak">Ishaq</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jakob" title="Jakob">Yaqub</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Josef" title="Josef">Yusuf</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Job" class="mw-disambig" title="Job">Ayub</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xetr%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xetró (sortu gabe)">Shoaib</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Musa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Harun</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Zulkifl</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Dabid" title="Dabid">Daud</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salomon" title="Salomon">Suleiman</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Elias" title="Elias">Ilyas</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliseo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliseo (sortu gabe)">Al-Yasa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jonas" title="Jonas">Yunus</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zakarias_(profeta)" title="Zakarias (profeta)">Zakariya</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bataiatzailea" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Bataiatzailea">Yahya</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jesus_islamean" title="Jesus islamean">Isa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahoma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Bestelakoak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Elisabet_(Biblia)" title="Elisabet (Biblia)">Aliassabat</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Daniel" title="Daniel">Daniel</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shem (sortu gabe)">Semi</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Set (sortu gabe)">Shit</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Josue" title="Josue">Josue</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_(profeta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel (profeta) (sortu gabe)">Samuil</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Isaias" title="Isaias">Isaias</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremias_(profeta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremias (profeta) (sortu gabe)">Jeremias</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idris (sortu gabe)">Idris</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; vertical-align:text-top; transform:rotate(0.1deg); background:#B1F9C7;">Adarrak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadismo (sortu gabe)">Ahmadismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Alauismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauismo">Alauismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi">Deobandia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Hamabitar_xiismo" title="Hamabitar xiismo">Hamabitarra</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ibadhismo" title="Ibadhismo">Ibadhismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ismailismo" title="Ismailismo">Ismailismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jihadismo" title="Jihadismo">Jihadismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Kharijismo" title="Kharijismo">Kharijismoa</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koranismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koranismo (sortu gabe)">Koranismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salafismo" title="Salafismo">Salafismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sufismo" title="Sufismo">Sufismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sunnismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnismo">Sunnismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">Xiismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Wahhabismo" title="Wahhabismo">Wahhabismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zaidismo" title="Zaidismo">Zaidismoa</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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