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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Family background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adult_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adult_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adult life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adult_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adult life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adult_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaean_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaean_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Judaean campaigns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaean_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Year_of_the_Four_Emperors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Year of the Four Emperors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Year_of_the_Four_Emperors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Siege of Jerusalem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heir_to_Vespasian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heir_to_Vespasian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Heir to Vespasian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heir_to_Vespasian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emperor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emperor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Emperor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Emperor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Emperor subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Emperor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Public works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flavian_family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flavian_family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flavian family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flavian_family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_later_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_later_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In later arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_later_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paintings_and_visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paintings_and_visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Paintings and visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paintings_and_visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Secondary material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Titus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(Keiser)" title="Titus (Keiser) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Titus (Keiser)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تيتوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيتوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Flavio_Sab%C3%ADn_Vaspasi%C3%A1n" title="Tito Flavio Sabín Vaspasián – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tito Flavio Sabín Vaspasián" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu" title="Titu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Titu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_(imperator)" title="Tit (imperator) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tit (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیتوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیتوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="টাইটাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টাইটাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D1%82" title="Ціт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ціт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Тит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit" title="Tit – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tit" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(impalaer)" title="Titus (impalaer) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Titus (impalaer)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_(emperador)" title="Tit (emperador) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tit (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tittu" title="Tittu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tittu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus" title="Titus Flavius Vespasianus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Titus Flavius Vespasianus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τίτος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τίτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito" title="Tito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_(imperiestro)" title="Tito (imperiestro) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tito (imperiestro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito" title="Tito – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tito" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیتوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیتوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(empereur_romain)" title="Titus (empereur romain) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Titus (empereur romain)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(keizer)" title="Titus (keizer) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Titus (keizer)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADteas" title="Títeas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Títeas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_(emperador)" title="Tito (emperador) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tito (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%ED%88%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="티투스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티투스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Տիտոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիտոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Flavije" title="Tit Flavije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tit Flavije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus" title="Titus Flavius Vespasianus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Titus Flavius Vespasianus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADtus" title="Títus – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Títus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_(imperatore)" title="Tito (imperatore) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tito (imperatore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1" title="טיטוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיטוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტიტუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიტუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizari_Titus" title="Kaizari Titus – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaizari Titus" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Веспасиан Тит Флавий – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Веспасиан Тит Флавий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(imperator)" title="Titus (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Titus (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tits" title="Tits – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titas" title="Titas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Titas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Titus római császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Titus római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Тит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titosy_(emperora)" title="Titosy (emperora) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Titosy (emperora)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B8" title="टायटस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टायटस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტიტუსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიტუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تيتوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيتوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیتوس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تیتوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus" title="Titus Flavius Vespasianus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Titus Flavius Vespasianus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(keizer)" title="Titus (keizer) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Titus (keizer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9" title="ティトゥス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティトゥス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_av_Romarriket" title="Titus av Romarriket – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Titus av Romarriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(emperaire_roman)" title="Titus (emperaire roman) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Titus (emperaire roman)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Flaviy_Vespasian" title="Tit Flaviy Vespasian – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tit Flaviy Vespasian" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="ٹائٹس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹائٹس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_(Imperator_roman)" title="Tito (Imperator roman) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tito (Imperator roman)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tytus_Flawiusz" title="Tytus Flawiusz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tytus Flawiusz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito" title="Tito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Тит (император) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тит (император)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B7%D8%B3" title="قیصر طیطس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="قیصر طیطس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titi" title="Titi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Titi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu_Flaviu_Vespasianu" title="Titu Flaviu Vespasianu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Titu Flaviu Vespasianu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_Flavij" title="Tit Flavij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tit Flavij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Тит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit" title="Tit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(romersk_kejsare)" title="Titus (romersk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Titus (romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_(emperador)" title="Tito (emperador) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tito (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="டைட்டசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டைட்டசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรพรรดิติตุส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิติตุส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(Roma_imparatoru)" title="Titus (Roma imparatoru) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Titus (Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тит Флавій Веспасіан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тит Флавій Веспасіан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیتوس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیتوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(emperador)" title="Titus (emperador) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Titus (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%98%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="题图斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="题图斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu" title="Titu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Titu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF" title="提圖斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="提圖斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus" title="Titus – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Titus" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF" title="提圖斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="提圖斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1421#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="View 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Roman emperor from AD 79 to 81</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Roman emperor. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Titus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Titus (disambiguation)">Titus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Titus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bust" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg/220px-Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg/330px-Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg/440px-Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Bust at the <a href="/wiki/Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek" title="Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek">Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">23/24 June 79 – 13 September 81</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Titus Flavius Vespasianus<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />30 December 39<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 September 81<span style="display:none">(81-09-13)</span> (aged 41)<br />Rome, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Rome</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrecina_Tertulla" title="Arrecina Tertulla">Arrecina Tertulla</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 62 AD</span>; her death)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Furnilla" title="Marcia Furnilla">Marcia Furnilla</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 63–65 AD</span>; divorced)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Berenice</a> (concubine, AD 79 separated)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Flavia" title="Julia Flavia">Julia Flavia</a> (by Arrecina)</li><li>Flavia (by Furnilla)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Titus Caesar Vespasianus (69–79)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Imperator Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Domitilla_the_Elder" title="Domitilla the Elder">Domitilla</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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background:#b80049;text-align:center;">Roman imperial dynasties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:INC-1601-a_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA._75_%D0%B3._(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/INC-1601-a_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA._75_%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/250px-INC-1601-a_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA._75_%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/INC-1601-a_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA._75_%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/330px-INC-1601-a_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA._75_%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="516" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Aureus of Titus</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <b><a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian dynasty</a></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:#000000; background:#E5E4E2; font-size: 110%;text-align:center;"> Chronology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></div> <div style="float:right;">69–79 AD</div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="float:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titus</a></div> <div style="float:right;">79–81 AD</div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></div> <div style="float:right;">81–96 AD</div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:#000000; background:#E5E4E2; font-size: 110%;text-align:center;"> Family</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavius" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavius">Gens Flavia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty#Flavian_family_tree" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian tree</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flavian_dynasty" title="Category:Flavian dynasty">Category:Flavian dynasty</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <table style="width:100%"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"><i>Preceded by</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Year of<br />the Four Emperors</a></td> <td style="width:50%;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"><i>Followed by</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Nerva%E2%80%93Antonine_dynasty" title="Nerva–Antonine dynasty">Nerva–Antonine dynasty</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Flavian_dynasty" title="Template:Flavian dynasty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Flavian_dynasty" title="Template talk:Flavian dynasty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flavian_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Flavian dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Titus Caesar Vespasianus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TY</span>-təs</i></a>; 30 December 39 – 13 September AD 81) was <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> from 79 to 81. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian dynasty</a>, Titus succeeded his father <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> upon his death, becoming the first Roman emperor ever to succeed his biological father. </p><p>Before becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in <a href="/wiki/Judea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judea (Roman province)">Judea</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a>. The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperor <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> in 68, launching Vespasian's bid for the imperial power during the <a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Year of the Four Emperors</a>. When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69, Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion. In 70, he <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">besieged and captured Jerusalem</a>, and destroyed the city and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>. For this achievement Titus was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a> commemorates his victory and still stands today. </p><p>During his father's rule, Titus gained notoriety in Rome serving as <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefect" title="Praetorian prefect">prefect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_Guard" title="Praetorian Guard">Praetorian Guard</a>, and for carrying on a controversial relationship with the Jewish queen <a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Berenice</a>. Despite concerns over his character, Titus ruled to great acclaim following the death of Vespasian on 23 June 79, and was considered a good emperor by <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> and other contemporary historians. </p><p>As emperor, Titus is best known for completing the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> and for his generosity in relieving the suffering caused by two disasters, the <a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_AD_79" class="mw-redirect" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79">eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79</a> and a fire in Rome in 80. After barely two years in office, Titus died of a fever on 13 September 81. He was <a href="/wiki/Deified" class="mw-redirect" title="Deified">deified</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a> and succeeded by his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Titus was born in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, probably on 30 December 39 AD, as the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Titus Flavius Vespasianus</a>, commonly known as Vespasian, and <a href="/wiki/Domitilla_the_Elder" title="Domitilla the Elder">Domitilla the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had one younger sister, <a href="/wiki/Domitilla_the_Younger" title="Domitilla the Younger">Domitilla the Younger</a> (born 45), and one younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Domitianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Flavius Domitianus">Titus Flavius Domitianus</a> (born 51), commonly referred to as Domitian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_background">Family background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Decades of civil war during the 1st century BC had contributed greatly to the demise of the old aristocracy of Rome, which was gradually replaced in prominence by a new Italian nobility during the early 1st century.<sup id="cite_ref-jones-domitian-3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-domitian-3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such family was the <i>gens <a href="/wiki/Flavia_gens" title="Flavia gens">Flavia</a></i>, which rose from relative obscurity to prominence in only four generations, acquiring wealth and status under the Emperors of the <a href="/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Titus's great-grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Petro" title="Titus Flavius Petro">Titus Flavius Petro</a>, had served as a <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">centurion</a> under <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> during <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's Civil War">Caesar's Civil War</a>. His military career ended in disgrace when he fled the battlefield at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pharsalus" title="Battle of Pharsalus">Battle of Pharsalus</a> in 48 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-jones-domitian-1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-domitian-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, Petro managed to improve his status by marrying the extremely-wealthy Tertulla, whose fortune guaranteed the upwards mobility of Petro's son <a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus I">Titus Flavius Sabinus I</a>, Titus's grandfather.<sup id="cite_ref-jones-domitian-2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-domitian-2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sabinus himself amassed further wealth and possible <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_(Roman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian (Roman)">equestrian</a> status through his services as <a href="/wiki/Tax_collector" title="Tax collector">tax collector</a> in Asia and banker in <a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a>. By marrying <a href="/wiki/Vespasia_Polla" title="Vespasia Polla">Vespasia Polla</a>, he allied himself to the more prestigious <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(Ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrician (Ancient Rome)">patrician</a> <i>gens Vespasia</i>, ensuring the elevation of his sons <a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus II">Titus Flavius Sabinus II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman senator">senatorial</a> rank.<sup id="cite_ref-jones-domitian-2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-domitian-2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cursus_honorum" title="Cursus honorum">political career</a> of Vespasian included the offices of <a href="/wiki/Quaestor" title="Quaestor">quaestor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aedile" title="Aedile">aedile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor">praetor</a> and culminated with a <a href="/wiki/Consulship" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulship">consulship</a> in 51, the year Domitian was born. As a military commander, he gained early renown by participating in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_invasion_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman invasion of Britain">Roman invasion of Britain</a> in 43.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What little is known of Titus's early life has been handed down by <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, who recorded that he was brought up at the imperial court in the company of <a href="/wiki/Britannicus" title="Britannicus">Britannicus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, who would be murdered by <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> in 55. </p><p>The story was even told that Titus was reclining next to Britannicus on the night he was murdered and sipped of the poison that was handed to him.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further details on his education are scarce, but it seems he showed early promise in the <a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">military arts</a> and was a skilled poet and orator both in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adult_life">Adult life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adult life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titus,_Roman,_c._70_AD,_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome,_Italy_-_DSC04762.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Titus%2C_Roman%2C_c._70_AD%2C_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome%2C_Italy_-_DSC04762.jpg/250px-Titus%2C_Roman%2C_c._70_AD%2C_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome%2C_Italy_-_DSC04762.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Titus%2C_Roman%2C_c._70_AD%2C_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome%2C_Italy_-_DSC04762.jpg/330px-Titus%2C_Roman%2C_c._70_AD%2C_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome%2C_Italy_-_DSC04762.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Titus%2C_Roman%2C_c._70_AD%2C_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome%2C_Italy_-_DSC04762.jpg/500px-Titus%2C_Roman%2C_c._70_AD%2C_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome%2C_Italy_-_DSC04762.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Titus, c. 70 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>From around 57 to 59 he was a military <a href="/wiki/Tribune" title="Tribune">tribune</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>. He also served in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a> and perhaps arrived about 60 with reinforcements needed after the revolt of <a href="/wiki/Boudica" title="Boudica">Boudica</a>. About 63, he returned to Rome and married <a href="/wiki/Arrecina_Tertulla" title="Arrecina Tertulla">Arrecina Tertulla</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Arrecinus_Clemens_(praetorian_prefect_under_Caligula)" title="Marcus Arrecinus Clemens (praetorian prefect under Caligula)">Marcus Arrecinus Clemens</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Prefect_of_the_Praetorian_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefect of the Praetorian Guard">Prefect of the Praetorian Guard</a>. She died about 65.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Titus then took a new wife of a much more distinguished family, <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Furnilla" title="Marcia Furnilla">Marcia Furnilla</a>. However, Marcia's family was closely linked to the opposition to <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>. Her uncle <a href="/wiki/Barea_Soranus" title="Barea Soranus">Barea Soranus</a> and his daughter <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Servilia_Sorana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcia Servilia Sorana">Servilia</a> were among those who perished after the failed <a href="/wiki/Pisonian_conspiracy" title="Pisonian conspiracy">Pisonian conspiracy</a> of 65.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern historians think that Titus divorced his wife because of her family's connection to the conspiracy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Titus never remarried and appears to have had daughters, at least one of them by Marcia Furnilla.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only one known to have survived to adulthood was <a href="/wiki/Julia_Flavia" title="Julia Flavia">Julia Flavia</a>, perhaps Titus's child by Arrecina, whose mother was also named Julia.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period Titus also practiced law and attained the rank of <a href="/wiki/Quaestor" title="Quaestor">quaestor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaean_campaigns">Judaean campaigns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judaean campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">First Jewish-Roman War</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_century_Iudaea_province.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/First_century_Iudaea_province.gif/250px-First_century_Iudaea_province.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/First_century_Iudaea_province.gif/500px-First_century_Iudaea_province.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Iudaea_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Iudaea Province">province of Judaea</a> during the 1st century.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 66, the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Judaea_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaea Province">Judaea Province</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">revolted against the Roman Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cestius_Gallus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cestius Gallus">Cestius Gallus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">legate of Syria</a>, was defeated at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beth_Horon_(66)" title="Battle of Beth Horon (66)">the battle of</a> <a href="/wiki/Beth-Horon" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth-Horon">Beth-Horon</a> and forced to retreat from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-Roman King <a href="/wiki/Agrippa_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a> and his sister <a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Agrippa_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice (daughter of Agrippa I)">Berenice</a> fled the city to <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, where they later gave themselves up to the Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nero appointed Vespasian to put down the rebellion, who was dispatched to the region at once with the <a href="/wiki/Legio_V_Macedonica" title="Legio V Macedonica">Fifth Legion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legio_X_Fretensis" title="Legio X Fretensis">Tenth Legion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later joined at <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Ptolemais</a> by Titus with the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifteenth Legion">Fifteenth Legion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-josephus-wars-iii-4-2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-josephus-wars-iii-4-2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a strength of 60,000 professional soldiers, the Romans prepared to sweep across Galilee and march on Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-josephus-wars-iii-4-2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-josephus-wars-iii-4-2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of the war was covered in detail by the Roman-Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> in his work <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The War of the Jews">The War of the Jews</a></i>. Josephus served as a commander in the city of <a href="/wiki/Yodfat" title="Yodfat">Yodfat</a> when the Roman army invaded Galilee in 67. After an exhausting siege which lasted 47 days, the city fell, with an estimated 40,000 killed. Titus, however, was not simply set on ending the war.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surviving one of several group suicides, Josephus surrendered to Vespasian and became a prisoner. He later wrote that he had provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 68, the entire coast and the north of Judaea were subjugated by the Roman Army, with decisive victories won at <a href="/wiki/Magdala" title="Magdala">Taricheae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamala" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamala">Gamala</a>, where Titus distinguished himself as a skilled general.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-4_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Year_of_the_Four_Emperors">Year of the Four Emperors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Year of the Four Emperors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_69.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Roman_Empire_69.svg/500px-Roman_Empire_69.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Roman_Empire_69.svg/960px-Roman_Empire_69.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2228" data-file-height="1675" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Roman Empire during the <a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Year of the Four Emperors</a> (AD 69). Blue areas indicate provinces loyal to Vespasian and <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Licinius_Mucianus" title="Gaius Licinius Mucianus">Gaius Licinius Mucianus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The last and most significant fortified city held by the <a href="/wiki/Zealotry" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealotry">Jewish resistance</a> was Jerusalem. The campaign came to a sudden halt when news arrived of Nero's death.<sup id="cite_ref-josephus-wars-iv-9-2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-josephus-wars-iv-9-2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost simultaneously, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a> had declared <a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>, as emperor. Vespasian decided to await further orders and sent Titus to greet the new <i><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">princeps</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before reaching Italy, Titus learnt that Galba had been murdered and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a>, and that <a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a> and his armies in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> were preparing to march on the capital, intent on overthrowing Otho. Not wanting to risk being taken hostage by one side or the other, he abandoned the journey to Rome and rejoined his father in Judaea.<sup id="cite_ref-tacitus-histories-ii-2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tacitus-histories-ii-2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Otho was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bedriacum" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Bedriacum">First Battle of Bedriacum</a> and committed suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the news reached the armies in Judaea and <a href="/wiki/%C3%86gyptus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ægyptus">Ægyptus</a>, they took matters into their own hands and declared Vespasian emperor on 1 July 69.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vespasian accepted and, after negotiations by Titus, joined forces with <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Licinius_Mucianus" title="Gaius Licinius Mucianus">Gaius Licinius Mucianus</a>, governor of Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strong force drawn from the Judaean and Syrian legions marched on Rome under the command of Mucianus, and Vespasian travelled to <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, leaving Titus in charge to end the Jewish rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 69, the forces of Vitellius had been beaten, and Vespasian was officially declared emperor by the Senate on 21 December, thus ending the <a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Year of the Four Emperors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Jerusalem">Siege of Jerusalem</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Siege of Jerusalem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(AD_70)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (AD 70)">Siege of Jerusalem (AD 70)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:04_2022_Roma_(Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi)_FO228683_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228683_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/220px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228683_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228683_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/330px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228683_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228683_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/440px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228683_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7912" data-file-height="5824" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a>: North inner panel, relief of Titus as <i>triumphator</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:04_2022_Roma_(Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi)_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/250px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/330px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/500px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9264" data-file-height="6096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a>: South inner panel, close-up of <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> showing spoils from the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">fall of Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Poussin_-_The_Conquest_of_Jerusalem_by_Emperor_Titus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nicolas_Poussin_-_The_Conquest_of_Jerusalem_by_Emperor_Titus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Nicolas_Poussin_-_The_Conquest_of_Jerusalem_by_Emperor_Titus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nicolas_Poussin_-_The_Conquest_of_Jerusalem_by_Emperor_Titus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Nicolas_Poussin_-_The_Conquest_of_Jerusalem_by_Emperor_Titus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nicolas_Poussin_-_The_Conquest_of_Jerusalem_by_Emperor_Titus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Nicolas_Poussin_-_The_Conquest_of_Jerusalem_by_Emperor_Titus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6462" data-file-height="4790" /></a><figcaption><i>Conquest of Jerusalem by Emperor Titus</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Poussin" title="Nicolas Poussin">Nicolas Poussin</a> (1638), depicts the destruction and looting of the Second Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, the Jews had become embroiled in a civil war of their own by splitting the resistance in Jerusalem among several factions. The <a href="/wiki/Sicarii" title="Sicarii">Sicarii</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Menahem_ben_Judah" title="Menahem ben Judah">Menahem ben Judah</a>, could hold on for long; the <a href="/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealots</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Simon" title="Eleazar ben Simon">Eleazar ben Simon</a>, eventually fell under the command of the Galilean leader <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gischala" title="John of Gischala">John of Gush Halav</a>; and the other northern rebel commander, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bar_Giora" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Bar Giora">Simon Bar Giora</a>, managed to gain leadership over the <a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Idumeans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Titus <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70)">besieged Jerusalem</a>. The Roman Army was joined by the <a href="/wiki/Legio_XII_Fulminata" title="Legio XII Fulminata">Twelfth Legion</a>, which had been previously defeated under <a href="/wiki/Cestius_Gallus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cestius Gallus">Cestius Gallus</a>, and from Alexandria, Vespasian sent <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Alexander" title="Tiberius Julius Alexander">Tiberius Julius Alexander</a>, governor of Egypt, to act as Titus' second in command.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Titus surrounded the city with three legions (Vth, XIIth and XVth) on the western side and one (Xth) on the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a> to the east. He put pressure on the food and water supplies of the inhabitants by allowing pilgrims to enter the city to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> and then refusing them egress. Jewish raids continuously harassed the Roman Army, one of which nearly resulted in Titus being captured.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After attempts by Josephus to negotiate a surrender had failed, the Romans resumed hostilities and quickly breached the first and second walls of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To intimidate the resistance, Titus ordered deserters from the Jewish side to be <a href="/wiki/Crucified" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucified">crucified</a> around the city wall.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time the Jews had been exhausted by famine, and when the weak third wall was breached, bitter street fighting ensued.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Romans finally captured the <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fortress" title="Antonia Fortress">Antonia Fortress</a> and began a frontal assault on the gates of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they breached the gate, the Romans set the upper and lower city aflame, culminating with the destruction of the Temple. When the fires subsided, Titus gave the order to destroy the remainder of the city, allegedly intending that no one would remember the name Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Temple was demolished, Titus's soldiers proclaimed him <i><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">imperator</a></i> in honour of the victory.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of Jerusalem">Jerusalem was sacked</a> and much of the population killed or dispersed. Josephus claims that 1,100,000 people were killed during the siege, most of whom were Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-josephus-wars-vi-9_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-josephus-wars-vi-9-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josephus's death toll assumptions are rejected as impossible by modern scholarship since about a million people then lived in the Land of Israel, half of them Jewish, and sizable Jewish populations remained in the area after the war was over, even in the hard-hit region of Judea.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, 97,000 were captured and enslaved, including Simon Bar-Giora and John of <a href="/wiki/Gischala" class="mw-redirect" title="Gischala">Gischala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-josephus-wars-vi-9_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-josephus-wars-vi-9-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many fled to areas around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. Titus reportedly refused to accept a <a href="/wiki/Wreath_of_victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Wreath of victory">wreath of victory</a>, as he claimed that he had not won the victory on his own but had been the vehicle through which their God had manifested his wrath against his people.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> during the Temple's destruction, according to <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, was in <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a> (Persia), <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> (Iraq), and <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>, and some were beyond the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Adiabene" title="Adiabene">Adiabene</a> (Kurdistan).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heir_to_Vespasian">Heir to Vespasian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Heir to Vespasian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png/330px-Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png/500px-Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png/960px-Arch_of_Titus_Menorah.png 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>Titus's <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">First Jewish-Roman War</a> was celebrated with the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a> in Rome, which shows the treasures taken from the Temple, including the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Menorah</a> and the trumpets of Jericho.</figcaption></figure> <p>Unable to sail to Italy during the winter, Titus celebrated elaborate games at <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus</a> and then travelled to <a href="/wiki/Zeugma,_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeugma, Commagene">Zeugma</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a>, where he was presented with a crown by <a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Parthia" title="Vologases I of Parthia">Vologases I of Parthia</a>. While he was visiting <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, he confirmed the traditional rights of the Jews in that city.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torso_di_doriforo_di_policleto_con_ritratto_di_tito,_79-81_dc..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Torso_di_doriforo_di_policleto_con_ritratto_di_tito%2C_79-81_dc..JPG/170px-Torso_di_doriforo_di_policleto_con_ritratto_di_tito%2C_79-81_dc..JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Torso_di_doriforo_di_policleto_con_ritratto_di_tito%2C_79-81_dc..JPG/255px-Torso_di_doriforo_di_policleto_con_ritratto_di_tito%2C_79-81_dc..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Torso_di_doriforo_di_policleto_con_ritratto_di_tito%2C_79-81_dc..JPG/340px-Torso_di_doriforo_di_policleto_con_ritratto_di_tito%2C_79-81_dc..JPG 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="2360" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Titus modelled after the <i><a href="/wiki/Doryphoros" title="Doryphoros">Doryphoros</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Polykleitos" title="Polykleitos">Polykleitos</a>, 79–81 AD, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On his way to <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, he stopped in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> to consecrate the sacred bull <a href="/wiki/Apis_(Egyptian_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apis (Egyptian mythology)">Apis</a>. According to Suetonius, that caused consternation since the ceremony required Titus to wear a <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a>, which the Romans associated with monarchy, and the partisanship of Titus's legions had already led to fears that he might rebel against his father. Titus returned quickly to Rome in the hope, according to Suetonius, of allaying any suspicions about his conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon his arrival in Rome in 71, Titus was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accompanied by Vespasian and Domitian, Titus rode into the city, enthusiastically saluted by the Roman populace and preceded by a lavish parade containing treasures and captives from the war. Josephus describes a procession with large amounts of gold and silver carried along the route, followed by elaborate re-enactments of the war, Jewish prisoners and finally the treasures taken from the Temple of Jerusalem, including the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Menorah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simon Bar Giora was executed in the <a href="/wiki/Forum_Romanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum Romanum">Forum</a>, and the procession closed with religious sacrifices at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Capitoline_Hill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Jupiter (Capitoline Hill)">Temple of Jupiter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_arch" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal</a> <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a>, which stands at one entrance to the Forum, memorialises the victory of Titus. </p><p>With Vespasian declared emperor, Titus and his brother Domitian received the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a></i> from the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to sharing <a href="/wiki/Tribune" title="Tribune">tribunician power</a> with his father, Titus held seven <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">consulships</a> during Vespasian's reign<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and acted as his secretary, appearing in the Senate on his behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More crucially, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefect" title="Praetorian prefect">Praetorian prefect</a> (commander of the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_Guard" title="Praetorian Guard">Praetorian Guard</a>), ensuring its loyalty to the emperor and further solidifying Vespasian's position as a legitimate ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In that capacity, Titus achieved considerable notoriety in Rome for his violent actions, frequently ordering the execution of suspected traitors on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When in 79, a plot by <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Caecina_Alienus" title="Aulus Caecina Alienus">Aulus Caecina Alienus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titus_Clodius_Eprius_Marcellus" title="Titus Clodius Eprius Marcellus">Eprius Marcellus</a> to overthrow Vespasian was uncovered, Titus invited Alienus to dinner and ordered him to be stabbed before he had even left the room.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Jewish Wars, Titus had begun a love affair with <a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa I)">Berenice</a>, the sister of <a href="/wiki/Agrippa_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tacitus-histories-ii-2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tacitus-histories-ii-2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Herodian_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Dynasty">Herodians</a> had collaborated with the Romans during the rebellion, and Berenice herself had supported Vespasian in his campaign to become emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 75, she returned to Titus and openly lived with him in the palace as his promised wife. The Romans were wary of the eastern queen and disapproved of their relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the pair was publicly denounced by <a href="/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)" title="Cynicism (philosophy)">Cynics</a> in the theatre, Titus acceded to the pressure and sent her away,<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxv-15_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxv-15-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his reputation suffered further regardless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emperor">Emperor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Emperor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession">Succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titus_Augustus_Denarius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Titus_Augustus_Denarius.png/330px-Titus_Augustus_Denarius.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Titus_Augustus_Denarius.png/495px-Titus_Augustus_Denarius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Titus_Augustus_Denarius.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>A Roman <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarius</a> depicting Titus, c. 79. The reverse commemorates his <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish-Roman_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Roman wars">Judaean Wars</a>, representing a Jewish captive kneeling in front of a trophy of arms. Caption: IMP. T. CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG. / TRibunus POTestas VIII, COnSul VII</figcaption></figure> <p>Vespasian died of an infection on 23<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 24<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> June 79 AD, and was immediately succeeded by his son Titus.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-18_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-18-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first Roman emperor to come to the throne after his own biological father. As Pharaoh of Egypt, Titus adopted the titulary <i>Autokrator Titos Kaisaros Hununefer Benermerut</i> ("Emperor Titus Caesar, the perfect and popular youth").<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of his many (alleged) vices, many Romans feared that he would be another Nero.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-7-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Against those expectations, however, Titus proved to be an effective emperor and was well loved by the population, who praised him highly when they found that he possessed the greatest virtues, instead of vices.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-7-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of his first acts as emperor was to order a halt to trials based on treason charges,<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had long plagued the <a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">principate</a>. The law of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Law_of_majestas" title="Law of majestas">law of majestas</a>, was originally intended to prosecute those who had corruptly "impaired the people and majesty of Rome" by any revolutionary action.<sup id="cite_ref-tacitus-annals-i-72_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tacitus-annals-i-72-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, however, that custom had been revived and applied to cover <a href="/wiki/Slander" class="mw-redirect" title="Slander">slander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-tacitus-annals-i-72_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tacitus-annals-i-72-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to numerous trials and executions under <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, and Nero, and the formation of networks of informers (<i><a href="/wiki/Delator" title="Delator">delators</a></i>), which terrorised Rome's political system for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Titus put an end to that practice against himself or anyone else and declared: </p> <blockquote><p>It is impossible for me to be insulted or abused in any way. For I do naught that deserves censure, and I care not for what is reported falsely. As for the emperors who are dead and gone, they will avenge themselves in case anyone does them a wrong, if in very truth they are demigods and possess any power.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Consequently, no <a href="/wiki/Roman_senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman senator">senators</a> were put to death during his reign;<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he thus kept to his promise that he would assume the office of <a href="/wiki/Pontifex_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifex Maximus">Pontifex Maximus</a> "for the purpose of keeping his hands unstained".<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-9_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-9-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Informants were publicly punished and banished from the city. Titus further prevented abuses by making it unlawful for a person to be <a href="/wiki/Double_jeopardy" title="Double jeopardy">tried under different laws for the same offense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, when Berenice returned to Rome, he sent her away.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-7-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As emperor, he became known for his generosity, and <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> states that upon realising he had brought no benefit to anyone during a whole day he remarked, "Friends, I have lost a day".<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challenges">Challenges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg/180px-Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg/270px-Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg/360px-Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79" class="mw-redirect" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79">Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79</a> completely destroyed <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>. Plaster casts of actual victims found during excavations are now on display in some of the ruins.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Titus's brief reign was marked by a relative absence of major military or political conflicts, he faced a number of major disasters. A few months after his accession, <a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79_AD" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD">Mount Vesuvius erupted</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eruption almost completely destroyed the cities and resort communities around the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Naples">Bay of Naples</a>. The cities of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> were buried under metres of stone and ash,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> killing thousands.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Titus appointed two ex-consuls to organise and coordinate the relief effort and personally donated large amounts of money from the imperial treasury to aid the victims of the volcano.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, he visited Pompeii once after the eruption and again the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the second visit, in spring of 80, a fire broke out in Rome and burned large parts of the city for three days and three nights.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the extent of the damage was not as disastrous as during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome" title="Great Fire of Rome">Great Fire</a> of 64 and crucially spared the many districts of <a href="/wiki/Insulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulae">insulae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a> records a long list of important public buildings that were destroyed, including Agrippa's <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Capitoline_Hill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Jupiter (Capitoline Hill)">Temple of Jupiter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Diribitorium" title="Diribitorium">Diribitorium</a>, parts of the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey" title="Theatre of Pompey">Theatre of Pompey</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Saepta_Julia" title="Saepta Julia">Saepta Julia</a> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once again, Titus personally compensated for the damaged regions.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Suetonius, a plague also broke out during the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nature of the disease, however, and the death toll are unknown. </p><p>Meanwhile, war had resumed in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">Gnaeus Julius Agricola</a> pushed further into <a href="/wiki/Caledonia" title="Caledonia">Caledonia</a> and managed to establish several forts there.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of his actions, Titus received the title of <a href="/wiki/Imperator#Imperator_as_an_imperial_title" title="Imperator">imperator</a> for the fifteenth time, between 9 September and 31 December 79 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His reign also saw the rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Terentius_Maximus" title="Terentius Maximus">Terentius Maximus</a>, one of several false Neros who appeared throughout the 70s.<sup id="cite_ref-tacitus-histories_i-2_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tacitus-histories_i-2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Nero was primarily known as a universally-hated tyrant, there is evidence that for much of his reign, he remained highly popular in the eastern provinces. Reports that Nero had survived his overthrow were fuelled by the confusing circumstances of his death and several prophecies foretelling his return.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Cassius Dio, Terentius Maximus resembled Nero in voice and appearance and, like him, sang to the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terentius established a following in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> but was soon forced to flee beyond the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> and took refuge with the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tacitus-histories_i-2_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tacitus-histories_i-2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, sources state that Titus discovered that his brother Domitian was plotting against him but refused to have him killed or banished.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-9_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-9-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_works">Public works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Public works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colosseum_in_Rome,_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Colosseum_in_Rome%2C_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg/220px-Colosseum_in_Rome%2C_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Colosseum_in_Rome%2C_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg/330px-Colosseum_in_Rome%2C_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Colosseum_in_Rome%2C_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg/440px-Colosseum_in_Rome%2C_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4827" data-file-height="2833" /></a><figcaption>The Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>, was completed after 10 years construction during the reign of Titus and inaugurated with spectacular games that lasted for 100 days. See <i><a href="/wiki/Inaugural_games_of_the_Flavian_Amphitheatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre">Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre, now better known as the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>, was begun in 70 under <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> and was finally completed in 80 under Titus.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to providing spectacular entertainments to the Roman populace, the building was also conceived as a gigantic triumphal monument to commemorate the military achievements of the Flavians during the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">Jewish Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Inaugural_games_of_the_Flavian_Amphitheatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre">inaugural games</a> lasted for a hundred days and were said to be extremely elaborate, including <a href="/wiki/Gladiatorial_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gladiatorial combat">gladiatorial combat</a>, fights between wild animals (<a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crane_(bird)" title="Crane (bird)">cranes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Naumachia" title="Naumachia">mock naval battles</a> for which the theatre was flooded, horse races and chariot races.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the games, wooden balls were dropped into the audience, inscribed with various prizes (clothing, gold or even <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_antiquity#Slavery_in_Rome" title="Slavery in antiquity">slaves</a>), which could then be traded for the designated item.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adjacent to the amphitheatre, within the precinct of Nero's <a href="/wiki/Golden_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden House">Golden House</a>, Titus had also ordered the construction of a new public <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">bath house</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Titus" title="Baths of Titus">Baths of Titus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the building was hastily finished to coincide with the completion of the Flavian Amphitheatre.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-7-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Practice of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult_of_ancient_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial cult of ancient Rome">imperial cult</a> was revived by Titus, but apparently, it met with some difficulty since Vespasian was not deified until six months after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To honour and glorify the <a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian dynasty</a> further, foundations were laid for what would later become the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Vespasian_and_Titus" title="Temple of Vespasian and Titus">Temple of Vespasian and Titus</a>, which was finished by Domitian.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tito,_da_vicinanze_del_battistero_lateranense,_inv._2282,_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tito%2C_da_vicinanze_del_battistero_lateranense%2C_inv._2282%2C_02.JPG/170px-Tito%2C_da_vicinanze_del_battistero_lateranense%2C_inv._2282%2C_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tito%2C_da_vicinanze_del_battistero_lateranense%2C_inv._2282%2C_02.JPG/255px-Tito%2C_da_vicinanze_del_battistero_lateranense%2C_inv._2282%2C_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tito%2C_da_vicinanze_del_battistero_lateranense%2C_inv._2282%2C_02.JPG/340px-Tito%2C_da_vicinanze_del_battistero_lateranense%2C_inv._2282%2C_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="2452" /></a><figcaption>Marble statue of Titus found near the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Baptistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateran Baptistry">Lateran Baptistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiaramonti_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiaramonti Museum">Chiaramonti Museum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the closing of the games, Titus officially dedicated the amphitheatre and the baths in what was his final recorded act as Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He set out for the <a href="/wiki/Sabine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabine">Sabine</a> territories but fell ill at the first posting station<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-10_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-10-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he died of a fever, reportedly in the same farmhouse as his father.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-11_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-11-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allegedly, the last words he uttered before passing away were "I have made but one mistake".<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-10_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-10-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Titus had ruled the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> for just over two years: from the death of his father in 79 to his own on 13 September 81.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a>, whose first act as emperor was to <a href="/wiki/Deify" class="mw-redirect" title="Deify">deify</a> his brother.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-domitian-2_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-domitian-2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians have speculated on the exact nature of his death and to which mistake Titus alluded in his final words. <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a> wrote that he was poisoned by Domitian with a sea hare (<i><a href="/wiki/Aplysia_depilans" title="Aplysia depilans">Aplysia depilans</a></i>) and that his death had been foretold to him by <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyana" title="Apollonius of Tyana">Apollonius of Tyana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suetonius and Cassius Dio maintain that he died of natural causes, but both accuse Domitian of having left the ailing Titus for dead.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-domitian-2_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-domitian-2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Dio believed the mistake to refer to not having Titus's brother executed when he was found to be openly plotting against him.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gittin" title="Gittin">Gittin</a> 56b) attributes Titus's death to an insect that flew into his nose and picked at his brain for seven years in a repetition of another legend referring to the biblical King <a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Rabbinic literature, Titus was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a> and dared to challenge the Lord.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish tradition says that Titus was plagued by God for destroying the second Temple and died as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Gnat" title="Gnat">gnat</a> going up his nose, causing a large growth inside of his brain that killed him.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbinic scholars like <a href="/wiki/Azariah_de_Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Azariah de Rossi">Azariah de Rossi</a> reject the literal historicity of the story, viewing it as an allegory about divine retribution. <a href="/wiki/Maharal" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharal">Maharal</a> and others, such as <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Hayyim" title="Yosef Hayyim">Yosef Chaim of Baghdad</a>, interpret the narrative allegorically, emphasizing its spiritual and moral lessons rather than its historical accuracy. <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Margolies" title="Reuben Margolies">Reuven Margolios</a> suggests the Talmud might refer to another figure, <a href="/wiki/Titus_Furius_Victorinus" title="Titus Furius Victorinus">Titus Frigius</a>, rather than the emperor. Modern scholars like <a href="/wiki/Galit_Hasan-Rokem" title="Galit Hasan-Rokem">Galit Hasan-Rokem</a> analyze the story as a literary device symbolizing Titus’ punishment for destroying the Temple. Overall, the rabbinic account is treated as a theological or symbolic narrative rather than a literal historical record.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another story is recorded in which <a href="/wiki/Onkelos" title="Onkelos">Onkelos</a>, a nephew of the Roman emperor Titus who destroyed the Second Temple, intent on converting to Judaism, summons up spirits to help make up his mind. Each describes his punishment in the afterlife."Onkelos son of Kolonikos ... went and raised Titus from the dead by magical arts, and asked him; 'Who is most in repute in the [other] world? He replied: Israel. What then, he said, about joining them? He said: Their observances are burdensome and you will not be able to carry them out. Go and attack them in that world and you will be at the top as it is written, Her adversaries are become the head etc.; whoever harasses Israel becomes head. He asked him: What is your punishment [in the other world]? He replied: What I decreed for myself. Every day my ashes are collected and sentence is passed on me and I am burnt and my ashes are scattered over the seven seas..."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flavian_family_tree">Flavian family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Flavian family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 0.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Flavian_family_tree" title="Template:Flavian family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Flavian_family_tree" title="Template talk:Flavian family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flavian_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Flavian family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">FLAVIAN DYNASTY detailed family tree</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <div class="center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Petro" title="Titus Flavius Petro">Titus Flavius Petro</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Tertulla</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Vespasius Pollio</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Julia_the_Younger" title="Julia the Younger">Julia the Younger</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_(father_of_Vespasian)" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus (father of Vespasian)">Titus Flavius Sabinus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Vespasia_Polla" title="Vespasia Polla">Vespasia Polla</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Vespasius<br />(praetor)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aemilia_Lepida_(fiancee_of_Claudius)" title="Aemilia Lepida (fiancee of Claudius)">Aemilia Lepida</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Elder" title="Agrippina the Elder">Agrippina the Elder</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a><br /></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_(consul_47)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul 47)">Titus Flavius Sabinus</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></b><br />(69–79)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Domitilla_the_Elder" title="Domitilla the Elder">Domitilla the Elder</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Flavia<br />(died young)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Junia_Lepida" title="Junia Lepida">Junia Lepida</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Vistilia" title="Vistilia">Vistilia</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_(consul_69)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul 69)">Titus Flavius Sabinus</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Domitilla_the_Younger" title="Domitilla the Younger">Domitilla the Younger</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titus</a></b><br />(79–81)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Arrecina_Tertulla" title="Arrecina Tertulla">Arrecina Tertulla</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassia_Longina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassia Longina (page does not exist)">Cassia Longina</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Corbulo" title="Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo">Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Milonia_Caesonia" title="Milonia Caesonia">Caesonia</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></b><br />(37–41)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_(consul_82)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul 82)">Titus Flavius Sabinus</a></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Clemens_(consul)" title="Titus Flavius Clemens (consul)">Titus Flavius Clemens</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Domitilla_(wife_of_Clemens)" title="Flavia Domitilla (wife of Clemens)">Flavia Domitilla</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Flavia" title="Julia Flavia">Julia Flavia</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></b><br />(81–96)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Domitia_Longina" title="Domitia Longina">Domitia Longina</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Domitia</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Flavius Caesar</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Arch_of_Titus,_Upper_Via_Sacra,_Rome_(31605340150).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Arch_of_Titus%2C_Upper_Via_Sacra%2C_Rome_%2831605340150%29.jpg/250px-The_Arch_of_Titus%2C_Upper_Via_Sacra%2C_Rome_%2831605340150%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Arch_of_Titus%2C_Upper_Via_Sacra%2C_Rome_%2831605340150%29.jpg/330px-The_Arch_of_Titus%2C_Upper_Via_Sacra%2C_Rome_%2831605340150%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Arch_of_Titus%2C_Upper_Via_Sacra%2C_Rome_%2831605340150%29.jpg/500px-The_Arch_of_Titus%2C_Upper_Via_Sacra%2C_Rome_%2831605340150%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4206" data-file-height="3170" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Via_Sacra" title="Via Sacra">Via Sacra</a>, just to the south-east of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum" title="Roman Forum">Roman Forum</a> in Rome</figcaption></figure> <p>Titus's record among ancient historians stands as one of the most exemplary of any emperor. The extant accounts from the period, many of them written by his contemporaries, present a highly favourable view toward Titus. His character has especially prospered in comparison with that of his brother Domitian. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> offers a witness account of the Jewish rebellion and the character of Titus. The neutrality of <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>'s writings has been questioned as he was indebted to the <a href="/wiki/Flavians" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavians">Flavians</a>. In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, became a <a href="/wiki/Roman_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman citizen">Roman citizen</a> and took on the Roman <a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">nomen</a> Flavius and <a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">praenomen</a> Titus from his patrons. He received an annual pension and lived in the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was in Rome and under Flavian patronage that Josephus wrote all of his known works. <i>The War of the Jews</i> is biased against the leaders of the revolt by portraying the rebellion as weak and unorganised and even blaming the Jews for causing the war.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His credibility as a historian was later questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another contemporary of Titus was <a href="/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Tacitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Cornelius Tacitus">Publius Cornelius Tacitus</a>, who started his public career in 80 or 81 and credits the Flavian dynasty with his elevation.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">The Histories</a></i>, his account of the period, was published during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>. Unfortunately only the first five books from this work have survived, with the text on Titus's and Domitian's reigns lost. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius Tranquilius</a> gives a short but highly favourable account on Titus's reign in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, emphasising his military achievements and his generosity as emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-1_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Titus, of the same surname as his father, was the delight and darling of the human race; such surpassing ability had he, by nature, art, or good fortune, to win the affections of all men, and that, too, which is no easy task, while he was emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-1_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a> wrote his <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> over 100 years after the death of Titus. He shares a similar outlook as Suetonius, possibly even using the latter as a source but is more reserved by noting that </p> <blockquote><p>His satisfactory record may also have been due to the fact that he survived his accession but a very short time, for he was thus given no opportunity for wrongdoing. For he lived after this only two years, two months and twenty days—in addition to the thirty-nine years, five months and twenty-five days he had already lived at that time. In this respect, indeed, he is regarded as having equalled the long reign of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, since it is maintained that Augustus would never have been loved had he lived a shorter time, nor Titus had he lived longer. For Augustus, though at the outset he showed himself rather harsh because of the wars and the factional strife, was later able, in the course of time, to achieve a brilliant reputation for his kindly deeds; Titus, on the other hand, ruled with mildness and died at the height of his glory, whereas, if he had lived a long time, it might have been shown that he owes his present fame more to good fortune than to merit.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-18_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-18-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, who died during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, dedicated his <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a></i> to Titus.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to the ideal portrayal of Titus in Roman histories, Jewish memory has "Titus the Wicked" remembered as an evil oppressor and destroyer of the Temple. A legend in the Babylonian Talmud described Titus as having had sex with a prostitute on a Torah scroll inside the Temple during its destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_later_arts">In later arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In later arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg/170px-The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg/255px-The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg/340px-The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><i>The Triumph of Titus</i>, by Sir <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a> (1885). The composition suggests a love affair between Titus and Domitian's wife, <a href="/wiki/Domitia_Longina" title="Domitia Longina">Domitia Longina</a> (see below).</figcaption></figure> <p>The war in Judaea and the life of Titus, particularly his relationship with Berenice, have inspired writers and artists through the centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a> in the Arch of Titus has been influential in the depiction of the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of Jerusalem">destruction of Jerusalem</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Menorah</a> frequently being used to symbolise the looting of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Literature">Literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The early mediaeval Christian text <i><a href="/wiki/Vindicta_Salvatoris" title="Vindicta Salvatoris">Vindicta Salvatoris</a></i> anachronistically portrays Titus as Roman client-king of Libya, north of Judah.<sup id="cite_ref-ehrman/plese_523_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehrman/plese_523-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9r%C3%A9nice" title="Bérénice">Bérénice</a></i>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> (1670), which focuses on the love affair between Titus and Berenice.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tite_et_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9nice" title="Tite et Bérénice">Tite et Bérénice</a></i>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a>, which was in competition with Racine the same year and concerns the same subject matter.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titus_and_Berenice" title="Titus and Berenice">Titus and Berenice</a></i>, a 1676 play by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Otway" title="Thomas Otway">Thomas Otway</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_clemenza_di_Tito" title="La clemenza di Tito">La clemenza di Tito</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>, which centres around a plot to kill Emperor Titus instigated by Vitellia, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a>, to gain what she believes to be her rightful place as Queen.</li> <li>The <i>Josephus Trilogy</i>, novels by <a href="/wiki/Lion_Feuchtwanger" title="Lion Feuchtwanger">Lion Feuchtwanger</a>, about the life of <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Josephus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavius Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a> and his relation with the Flavian dynasty. <ul><li><i>Der jüdische Krieg</i> (<i>Josephus</i>), 1932</li> <li><i>Die Söhne</i> (<i>The Jews of Rome</i>), 1935</li> <li><i>Der Tag wird kommen</i> (<i>The day will come</i>, <i>Josephus and the Emperor</i>), 1942</li></ul></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Didius_Falco" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Didius Falco">Marcus Didius Falco</a></i> novels, which take place during the reign of Vespasian.</li> <li>Titus figures prominently in "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Pearl-Maiden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Pearl-Maiden (page does not exist)">The Pearl-Maiden</a>", a novel by <a href="/wiki/H._Rider_Haggard" title="H. Rider Haggard">H. Rider Haggard</a>, first published in 1901.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paintings_and_visual_arts">Paintings and visual arts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Paintings and visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/File:Kaulbach_Zerstoerung_Jerusalems_durch_Titus.jpg" title="File:Kaulbach Zerstoerung Jerusalems durch Titus.jpg">The Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Kaulbach" title="Wilhelm von Kaulbach">Wilhelm von Kaulbach</a> (1846). Oil on canvas, 585 x 705 cm. Neue Pinakothek, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. An allegorical depiction of the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of Jerusalem">destruction of Jerusalem</a>, dramatically centered around the figure of Titus.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/File:La_Destruction_du_temple_de_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_Nicolas_Poussin_-_Israel_Museum.jpg" title="File:La Destruction du temple de Jérusalem - Nicolas Poussin - Israel Museum.jpg">The Destruction and Sack of the Temple of Jerusalem</a> </i> by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Poussin" title="Nicolas Poussin">Nicolas Poussin</a> (1626). Oil on canvas, 145.8 x 194 cm. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a>, Jerusalem. Depicts the destruction and looting of the Second Temple by the Roman army led by Titus.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/File:(Venice)_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg" title="File:(Venice) La distruzione del tempio di Gerusalemme -Francesco Hayez - gallerie Accademia Venice.jpg">The Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Francesco Hayez</a> (1867). Oil on canvas, 183 x 252 cm. Galleria d'Arte Moderna, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. Depicts the destruction and looting of the Second Temple by the Roman army.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/File:Roberts_Siege_and_Destruction_of_Jerusalem.jpg" title="File:Roberts Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem.jpg">The Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans Under the Command of Titus, A.D. 70</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Roberts_(painter)" title="David Roberts (painter)">David Roberts</a> (1850). Oil on canvas, 136 x 197 cm. Private collection. Depicts the burning and looting of Jerusalem by the Roman army under Titus.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/File:Romano_Triumph_of_Titus_and_Vespasian.jpg" title="File:Romano Triumph of Titus and Vespasian.jpg">The Triumph of Titus and Vespasian</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Romano_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giulio Romano (painter)">Giulio Romano</a> (1540). Oil on wood, 170 x 120 cm. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Depicts Titus and Vespasian as they ride into Rome on a triumphal chariot, preceded by a parade carrying spoils from the war in Judaea. The painting <a href="/wiki/Anachronistically" class="mw-redirect" title="Anachronistically">anachronistically</a> features the Arch of Titus, which was not completed until the reign of Domitian.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/File:The_Triumph_of_Titus_Alma_Tadema.jpg" title="File:The Triumph of Titus Alma Tadema.jpg">The Triumph of Titus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a> (1885). Oil on canvas. Private collection. This painting depicts the triumphal procession of Titus and his family. Alma-Tadema was known for his meticulous historical research on the ancient world.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vespasian, dressed as <a href="/wiki/Pontifex_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifex Maximus">Pontifex Maximus</a>, walks at the head of his family, followed by Domitian and his first wife <a href="/wiki/Domitia_Longina" title="Domitia Longina">Domitia Longina</a>, who he had only recently married. Behind Domitian follows Titus, dressed in religious regalia. An exchange of glances between Titus and Domitia suggests an affair which historians have speculated upon.<sup id="cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suetonius-titus-10_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suetonius-titus-10-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/File:Franks_casket_01.jpg" title="File:Franks casket 01.jpg">Rear Panel</a></i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Franks_Casket" title="Franks Casket">Franks Casket</a></i>. Northumbrian, early 8th century. Whale's bone carving with Anglo-Saxon runic inscription, 22.9 x 19 cm. <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, London. Titus leads Roman army into Jerusalem and captures Temple. Inhabitants flee into exile, judgement is passed on offenders, and captives are led away.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHammond">Hammond</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius claims Titus was born in the year Caligula was assassinated, 41. However, this contradicts his statement that Titus died in his 42nd year, as well as Cassius Dio, who notes that Titus was 39 at the time of his accession. See <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#1">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#11">11</a>; Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#18">LXVI.18</a>; and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrian_JonesRobert_Milns2002" class="citation book cs1">Brian Jones; Robert Milns (2002). <i>Suetonius: The Flavian Emperors: A Historical Commentary</i>. London: Bristol Classical Press. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85399-613-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85399-613-9"><bdi>978-1-85399-613-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suetonius%3A+The+Flavian+Emperors%3A+A+Historical+Commentary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Bristol+Classical+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85399-613-9&rft.au=Brian+Jones&rft.au=Robert+Milns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jones-domitian-3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jones-domitian-3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones (1992), p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jones-domitian-1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jones-domitian-1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones (1992), p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jones-domitian-2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jones-domitian-2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jones-domitian-2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones (1992), p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, (1992), p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#1">2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#3">3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#4">4</a>, with Jones and Milns, pp. 95–96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_(Tacitus)" title="Annals (Tacitus)">Annals</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Annals_(Tacitus)/Book_16#30" class="extiw" title="s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 16">XVI.30–33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gavin Townend, "Some Flavian Connections", <i>The Journal of Roman Studies</i> (1961), p. 57. See <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#4">4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones (1992), p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, <i>The Life of Apollonius of Tyana</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/ap-ark/apollonius/life/va_7_06.html#%A77">VII.7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174856/http://www.livius.org/ap-ark/apollonius/life/va_7_06.html#%A77">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-4_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#4">4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones and Milns, pp. 96, 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_II#Chapter_19" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book II">II.19.9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_III#Chapter_1" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book III">III.1.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-josephus-wars-iii-4-2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-josephus-wars-iii-4-2_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-josephus-wars-iii-4-2_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>The War of the Jews</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_III#Chapter_4" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book III">III.4.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_III#Chapter_7" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book III">III.7.34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_III#Chapter_8" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book III">III.8.8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_III#Chapter_10" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book III">III.10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-josephus-wars-iv-9-2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-josephus-wars-iv-9-2_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_IV#Chapter_9" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book IV">IV.9.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_2#1" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 2">II.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tacitus-histories-ii-2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tacitus-histories-ii-2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tacitus-histories-ii-2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_2#2" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 2">II.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_2#41" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 2">II.41–49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_IV#Chapter_10" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book IV">IV.10.4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_2#5" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 2">II.5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_IV#Chapter_11" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book IV">IV.11.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_2#82" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 2">II.82</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_4#3" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 4">IV.3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_V#Chapter_1" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book V">V.1.4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_V#Chapter_1" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book V">V.1.6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_V#Chapter_2" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book V">V.2.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_V#Chapter_6" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book V">V.6–V.9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_V#Chapter_11" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book V">V.11.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VI#Chapter_2" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VI">VI.2–VI.3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VI#Chapter_4" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VI">VI.4.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sulpicius_Severus" title="Sulpicius Severus">Sulpicius Severus</a>, <i>Chronicles</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sulpiciusseveruschron2.html">II</a>.30.6–7. For <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> as the source, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFT.D._Barnes1977" class="citation journal cs1">T.D. Barnes (July 1977). "The Fragments of Tacitus' <i>Histories</i>". <i>Classical Philology</i>. <b>72</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">224–</span>231, pp. 226–228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F366355">10.1086/366355</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161875316">161875316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=The+Fragments+of+Tacitus%27+Histories&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E224-%3C%2Fspan%3E231%2C+pp.+226-228&rft.date=1977-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F366355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161875316%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=T.D.+Barnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VI#Chapter_6" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VI">VI.6.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-josephus-wars-vi-9-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-josephus-wars-vi-9_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-josephus-wars-vi-9_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VI#Chapter_9" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VI">VI.9.3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1984" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schwartz, Seth (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjtWLZhhMoYC">"Political, social and economic life in the land of Israel"</a>. In Davies, William David; Finkelstein, Louis; Katz, Steven T. (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4, The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521772488" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521772488"><bdi>978-0521772488</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Political%2C+social+and+economic+life+in+the+land+of+Israel&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Judaism%3A+Volume+4%2C+The+Late+Roman-Rabbinic+Period&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0521772488&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBjtWLZhhMoYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, <i>The Life of Apollonius of Tyana</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/ap-ark/apollonius/life/va_6_26.html#%A729">6.29</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315005913/http://www.livius.org/ap-ark/apollonius/life/va_6_26.html#%A729">Archived</a> 15 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJosephus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pace.webhosting.rug.nl/york/york/showText?book=1&chapter=1&textChunk=whistonSection&chunkId=5&up.x=&up.y=&text=wars&version=&direction=&tab=&layout=english"><i>BJ</i></a>. 1.1.5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BJ&rft.pages=1.1.5&rft.au=Josephus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpace.webhosting.rug.nl%2Fyork%2Fyork%2FshowText%3Fbook%3D1%26chapter%3D1%26textChunk%3DwhistonSection%26chunkId%3D5%26up.x%3D%26up.y%3D%26text%3Dwars%26version%3D%26direction%3D%26tab%3D%26layout%3Denglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VII#Chapter_3" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VII">VII.3.1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VII#Chapter_5" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VII">VII.5.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#5">5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/65*.html#6">LXV.6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VII#Chapter_5" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VII">VII.5.5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_VII#Chapter_5" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book VII">VII.5.6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/65*.html#1">LXV.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-6-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-6_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#6">6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/65*.html#16">LXV.16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_2#81" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 2">II.81</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schalit, A. (2007). Berenice. In M. Berenbaum & F. Skolnik (Eds.), <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 410–411). Macmillan Reference US.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxv-15-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxv-15_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/65*.html#66-15">LXV.15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="Lives of the Twelve Caesars">Lives of the Twelve Caesars</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Vespasian*.html#24">"Life of Vespasian" §24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#17">LXVI.17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-18-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-18_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-18_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#18">LXVI.18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pharaoh.se/roman-emperor/Titus">"Titus"</a>. <i>The Royal Titulary of Ancient Egypt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Titulary+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.atitle=Titus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpharaoh.se%2Froman-emperor%2FTitus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-7-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-7_59-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#7">7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-8-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-8_60-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#8">8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tacitus-annals-i-72-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tacitus-annals-i-72_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tacitus-annals-i-72_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_(Tacitus)" title="Annals (Tacitus)">Annals</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Annals_(Tacitus)/Book_1#72" class="extiw" title="s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 1">I.72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-19_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#19">LXVI.19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-9-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-9_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-9_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#9">9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#22">LXVI.22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#23">LXVI.23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The exact number of casualties is unknown, but estimates of the population of Pompeii range between 10,000 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708190434/http://www.enginova.com/engineering_of_pompeii.htm">"Engineering of Pompeii: Ruins Reveal Roman Technology for Construction, Transportation, and Water Distribution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enginova.com/engineering_of_pompeii.htm">the original</a> on 8 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engineering+of+Pompeii%3A+Ruins+Reveal+Roman+Technology+for+Construction%2C+Transportation%2C+and+Water+Distribution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenginova.com%2Fengineering_of_pompeii.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span>) and 25,000 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/pompeii.htm">[1]</a>), with at least 1000 bodies currently recovered in and around the city ruins.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-24_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#24">LXVI.24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Agricola_(book)" title="Agricola (book)">Agricola</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Agricola#22" class="extiw" title="s:Agricola">22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#20">LXVI.20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tacitus-histories_i-2-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tacitus-histories_i-2_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tacitus-histories_i-2_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_1#2" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 1">I.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanford1937" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eva_Matthews_Sanford" title="Eva Matthews Sanford">Sanford, Eva Matthews</a> (1937). "Nero and the East". <i>Harvard Studies in Classical Philology</i>. <b>48</b>: <span class="nowrap">75–</span>103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F310691">10.2307/310691</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/310691">310691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Studies+in+Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=Nero+and+the+East&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F310691&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F310691%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sanford&rft.aufirst=Eva+Matthews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-26_72-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#26">LXVI.26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoth1993" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Leland M. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingarc00roth"><i>Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-430158-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-430158-9"><bdi>978-0-06-430158-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Architecture%3A+Its+Elements%2C+History+and+Meaning&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-06-430158-9&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Leland+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderstandingarc00roth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClaridge1998" class="citation book cs1">Claridge, Amanda (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romeoxfordarchae00aman/page/276"><i>Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Oxford, UK: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1998. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romeoxfordarchae00aman/page/276">276–282</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-288003-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-288003-1"><bdi>978-0-19-288003-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%3A+An+Oxford+Archaeological+Guide&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=276-282&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+1998&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-288003-1&rft.aulast=Claridge&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromeoxfordarchae00aman%2Fpage%2F276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dio-romanhistory-lxvi-25_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_History_(Cassius_Dio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman History (Cassius Dio)">Roman History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html#25">LXVI.25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coins bearing the inscription <i>Divus Vespasianus</i> were not issued until 80 or 81 by Titus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Brian W. <i>The Emperor Titus</i>. New York: St. Martin's P, 1984. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Domitian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Domitian*.html#5">5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-10-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-10_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-10_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-10_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#10">10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-11-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-11_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#11">11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-domitian-2-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-domitian-2_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-domitian-2_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Domitian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Domitian*.html#2">2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, <i>The Life of Apollonius of Tyana</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/ap-ark/apollonius/life/va_6_31.html#%A732">6.32</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165942/http://www.livius.org/ap-ark/apollonius/life/va_6_31.html#%A732">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Gittin.56b.13?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">"Tractate Gittin 56b"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org.il</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org.il&rft.atitle=Tractate+Gittin+56b&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org.il%2FGittin.56b.13%3Flang%3Dbi%26with%3Dall%26lang2%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosner, Fred. <i>Medicine in the Bible and Talmud</i>. p. 76. Pub. 1995, KTAV Publishing House, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88125-506-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-88125-506-8">0-88125-506-8</a>. Extract viewable at (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SL34EWxAJfYC&pg=PA76">[2]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Legends_of_Old_Testament_Characters.djvu/178" class="extiw" title="s:Page:Legends of Old Testament Characters.djvu/178">s:Page:Legends of Old Testament Characters.djvu/178</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/953573/jewish/Tituss-Death.htm">Tituss Death Chabad</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quinn, Thomas (Director) (26 June 1995). Urban Legends: Season 3 Episode 1 [Television series]. United States. FilmRise.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/953573/jewish/Tituss-Death.htm">"Titus's Death"</a>. Chabad.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Titus%27s+Death&rft.pub=Chabad.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F953573%2Fjewish%2FTituss-Death.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlein2023" class="citation journal cs1">Klein, Reuven Chaim (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/127965994/Are_historical_sections_of_the_Talmud_actually_historical_Critical_tools_for_understanding_historical_claims_in_rabbinic_literature">"Are historical sections of the Talmud actually historical? Critical tools for understanding historical claims in rabbinic literature"</a>. <i>Journal of Philological Pedagogy</i>. <b>12</b>. Chandler School of Education: <span class="nowrap">42–</span>75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17613%2Frjp5a-md343">10.17613/rjp5a-md343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Philological+Pedagogy&rft.atitle=Are+historical+sections+of+the+Talmud+actually+historical%3F+Critical+tools+for+understanding+historical+claims+in+rabbinic+literature&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17613%2Frjp5a-md343&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Reuven+Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F127965994%2FAre_historical_sections_of_the_Talmud_actually_historical_Critical_tools_for_understanding_historical_claims_in_rabbinic_literature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Babylonian Talmud Gittin 56b–57a. 1935 Soncino edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Flavius_Josephus" title="The Life of Flavius Josephus">The Life of Flavius Josephus</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Life_of_Flavius_Josephus#76" class="extiw" title="s:The Life of Flavius Josephus">76</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews/Book_II#Chapter_17" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews/Book II">II.17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, Flavius, <i>The Jewish War</i>, tr. G.A. Williamson, introduction by E. Mary Smallwood. New York, Penguin, 1981, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_1#1" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 1">I.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suetonius-titus-1-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-1_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suetonius-titus-1_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Twelve_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lives of Twelve Caesars">The Lives of Twelve Caesars</a></i>, Life of Titus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#1">1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/pompeii.htm">The Destruction of Pompeii, 79 AD</a>, Translation of <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>'s letters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.ep6.html">Original.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_Histories" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Histories">Natural Histories</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/holland/plinyepistle.html">Preface</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Babylonian Talmud (Gittin 56b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehrman/plese_523-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ehrman/plese_523_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ehrman and Pleše (2011), p. 523.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrettejohn2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Prettejohn" title="Elizabeth Prettejohn">Prettejohn, Elizabeth</a> (March 2002). <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">"Lawrence Alma-Tadema and the Modern City of Ancient Rome"</a>. <i>The Art Bulletin</i>. <b>84</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">115–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3177255">10.2307/3177255</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3177255">3177255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Alma-Tadema+and+the+Modern+City+of+Ancient+Rome&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.date=2002-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3177255&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3177255%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Prettejohn&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammond" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mason_Hammond" title="Mason Hammond">Hammond, Mason</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirsofamerica25ameruoft">"Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire"</a>. <i>Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome</i>. <b>25</b>: <span class="nowrap">19–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4238646">10.2307/4238646</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4238646">4238646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+American+Academy+in+Rome&rft.atitle=Imperial+Elements+in+the+Formula+of+the+Roman+Emperors+during+the+First+Two+and+a+Half+Centuries+of+the+Empire&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4238646&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4238646%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoirsofamerica25ameruoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1992" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Brian W. (1992). <i>The Emperor Domitian</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10195-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10195-0"><bdi>978-0-415-10195-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+Domitian&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-415-10195-0&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Brian+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrian_JonesRobert_Milns2002" class="citation book cs1">Brian Jones; Robert Milns (2002). <i>Suetonius: The Flavian Emperors: A Historical Commentary</i>. London: Bristol Classical Press. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85399-613-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85399-613-9"><bdi>978-1-85399-613-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suetonius%3A+The+Flavian+Emperors%3A+A+Historical+Commentary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Bristol+Classical+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85399-613-9&rft.au=Brian+Jones&rft.au=Robert+Milns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEhrmanPleše2011" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zlatko_Ple%C5%A1e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlatko Pleše (page does not exist)">Pleše, Zlatko</a> (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199732104"><i>The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973210-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973210-4"><bdi>978-0-19-973210-4</bdi></a>. <q>apocryphal gospels texts and translations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Apocryphal+Gospels%3A+Texts+and+Translations&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-973210-4&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft.au=Ple%C5%A1e%2C+Zlatko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780199732104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html">Suetonius, <i>The Lives of Twelve Caesars</i>, Life of Titus</a>, Latin text with English translation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/65*.html">Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i>, Books 65</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html">66</a>, English translation</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews" class="extiw" title="s:The War of the Jews">Josephus, <i>The War of the Jews</i></a>, English translation</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_2" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 2">Tacitus, <i>Histories</i>, Books 2</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_4" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 4">4</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Tacitus)/Book_5" class="extiw" title="s:The Histories (Tacitus)/Book 5">5</a>, English translation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_material">Secondary material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Secondary material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/titus/t.html">Coinage of Titus at Wildwinds.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=1192">A private collection</a> of coins minted by Titus</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/titus.htm">Biography of Titus at roman-emperors.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303013402/http://homeros.godsong.org/FRANKS_CASKET.pdf">Wayback Machine</a> (Austin Simmons, <i>The Cipherment of the Franks Casket</i>) Titus is twice depicted on the back side of the <a href="/wiki/Franks_Casket" title="Franks Casket">Franks Casket</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Titus" class="extiw" title="commons:Titus">Titus</a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Titus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Titus">category</a>) at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Titus, Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Titus,_Flavius_Sabinus_Vespasianus">"Titus, Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 1032.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Titus%2C+Flavius+Sabinus+Vespasianus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=1032&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Titus </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 30 December AD 39</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 13 September AD 81</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman emperor</a> </b><br />79–81 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Caecilius_Simplex" title="Gnaeus Caecilius Simplex">Gnaeus Caecilius Simplex</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Quinctius_Atticus" title="Gaius Quinctius Atticus">Gaius Quinctius Atticus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls" class="mw-redirect" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls">Roman consul</a> </b><br />70<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Licinius_Mucianus" title="Gaius Licinius Mucianus">Gaius Licinius Mucianus</a> II<br /><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Petillius_Cerialis" title="Quintus Petillius Cerialis">Quintus Petillius Cerialis</a></div><i><b>as suffect consuls </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Pompeius_Collega" title="Gnaeus Pompeius Collega">Gnaeus Pompeius Collega</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Julius_Cordus" title="Quintus Julius Cordus">Quintus Julius Cordus</a></div><i><b>as suffect consuls </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls" class="mw-redirect" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls">Roman consul</a> </b><br />72<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Licinius_Mucianus" title="Gaius Licinius Mucianus">Gaius Licinius Mucianus</a> III<br /><a href="/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_(consul_69)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul 69)">Titus Flavius Sabinus</a> II</div><i><b>as suffect consuls </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Frontinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sextus Julius Frontinus">Sextus Julius Frontinus</a>,<br />and <i>ignotus</i></div><i><b>as suffect consuls </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls" class="mw-redirect" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls">Roman consul</a> </b><br />74–77<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a>,<br />followed by <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Catellius_Celer" title="Gaius Catellius Celer">Gaius Catellius Celer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Arruntius_Aquila_(consul_77)" title="Marcus Arruntius Aquila (consul 77)">Marcus Arruntius Aquila</a></div><i><b>as suffect consuls </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Articuleius_Paetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintus Articuleius Paetus">Quintus Articuleius Paetus</a>,<br />and <i>ignotus</i></div><i><b>as suffect consuls </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_early_imperial_Roman_consuls" class="mw-redirect" title="List of early imperial Roman consuls">Roman consul</a> </b><br />79–80 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aulus_Didius_Gallus_Fabricius_Veiento" title="Aulus Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento">A. Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento</a> II<br /><a href="/wiki/L._Aelius_Lamia_Plautius_Aelianus" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Aelius Lamia Plautius Aelianus">L. Aelius Lamia Plautius Aelianus</a></div><i><b>as suffect consuls </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors_and_empresses_regnant433" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_emperors" title="Template:Roman emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_emperors" title="Template talk:Roman emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors_and_empresses_regnant433" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperors</a> and empresses regnant</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a><br />27 BC – AD 235</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis</a><br />235–284</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_(Roman_emperor)" title="Philip II (Roman emperor)">Philip II</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Herennius_Etruscus" title="Herennius Etruscus">Herennius Etruscus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Hostilian" title="Hostilian">Hostilian</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Volusianus" title="Volusianus">Volusianus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Silbannacus" title="Silbannacus">Silbannacus</a></u> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Saloninus" title="Saloninus">Saloninus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florianus" title="Florianus">Florianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Roman_Empire" title="Later Roman Empire">Later Roman Empire</a><br />284–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_II" title="Severus II">Severus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Valens" title="Valerius Valens">Valerius Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinian_(emperor)" title="Martinian (emperor)">Martinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_(emperor)" title="Constantine II (emperor)">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans" title="Constans">Constans I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnentius" title="Magnentius">Magnentius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nepotianus" title="Nepotianus">Nepotianus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vetranio" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Procopius_(usurper)" title="Procopius (usurper)">Procopius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Victor_(emperor)" title="Victor (emperor)">Victor</a></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Eugenius" title="Eugenius">Eugenius</a></u></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a><br />395–476</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorius" title="Honorius">Honorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_emperor)" title="Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)">Constantine III</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II</a></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Priscus_Attalus" title="Priscus Attalus">Priscus Attalus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_III" title="Constantius III">Constantius III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Joannes" title="Joannes">Joannes</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Petronius_Maximus" title="Petronius Maximus">Petronius Maximus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Avitus" title="Avitus">Avitus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorian" title="Majorian">Majorian</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Libius_Severus" title="Libius Severus">Severus III</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Olybrius" title="Olybrius">Olybrius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Glycerius" title="Glycerius">Glycerius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Empire</a><br />395–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor)">Zeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(son_of_Basiliscus)" title="Marcus (son of Basiliscus)">Marcus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Justin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_II_Constantine" title="Tiberius II Constantine">Tiberius II Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_(son_of_Maurice)" title="Theodosius (son of Maurice)">Theodosius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />641–1453</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_Constantine" title="Heraclius Constantine">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclonas" title="Heraclonas">Heraclonas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/David_(son_of_Heraclius)" title="David (son of Heraclius)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Heraclius (son of Constans II)">Heraclius</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Constans II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius" title="Leontius">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_III" title="Tiberius III">Tiberius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Justinian_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Justinian II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippicus" title="Philippicus">Philippicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_II_(emperor)" title="Anastasius II (emperor)">Anastasius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_III" title="Theodosius III">Theodosius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Artabasdos" title="Artabasdos">Artabasdos</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_(son_of_Artabasdos)" title="Nikephoros (son of Artabasdos)">Nikephoros</a></u></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_the_Khazar" title="Leo IV the Khazar">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I">Nikephoros I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rangabe" title="Michael I Rangabe">Michael I Rangabe</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_(son_of_Michael_I)" title="Theophylact (son of Michael I)">Theophylact</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(son_of_Michael_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staurakios (son of Michael I)">Staurakios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Leo_V)" title="Constantine (son of Leo V)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II" title="Michael II">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(emperor)" title="Theophilos (emperor)">Theophilos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Theophilos)" title="Constantine (son of Theophilos)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Thekla_(daughter_of_Theophilos)" title="Thekla (daughter of Theophilos)">Thekla</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Basil_I)" title="Constantine (son of Basil I)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Romanos_Lekapenos_(grandson_of_Romanos_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos Lekapenos (grandson of Romanos I)">Romanos</a></i> (?), <i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros II Phokas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Tzimiskes" title="John I Tzimiskes">John I Tzimiskes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VIII" title="Constantine VIII">Constantine VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Porphyrogenita" title="Zoe Porphyrogenita">Zoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_III_Argyros" title="Romanos III Argyros">Romanos III Argyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian">Michael IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX Monomachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita" title="Theodora Porphyrogenita">Theodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VI_Bringas" title="Michael VI Bringas">Michael VI Bringas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_X_Doukas" title="Constantine X Doukas">Constantine X Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Makrembolitissa" title="Eudokia Makrembolitissa">Eudokia Makrembolitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_IV_Diogenes" title="Romanos IV Diogenes">Romanos IV Diogenes</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Leo_Diogenes" title="Leo Diogenes">Leo</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Diogenes" title="Nikephoros Diogenes">Nikephoros</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VII_Doukas" title="Michael VII Doukas">Michael VII Doukas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)">Andronikos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Konstantios_Doukas" title="Konstantios Doukas">Konstantios</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates">Nikephoros III Botaneiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)">Alexios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos">Alexios II Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">John</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_IV_Angelos" title="Alexios IV Angelos">Alexios IV Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_V_Doukas" title="Alexios V Doukas">Alexios V Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Laskaris_(son_of_Theodore_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Laskaris (son of Theodore I)">Nicholas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_Vatatzes" class="mw-redirect" title="John III Vatatzes">John III Vatatzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Laskaris" title="Theodore II Laskaris">Theodore II Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris" title="John IV Laskaris">John IV Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Montferrat" title="Irene of Montferrat">Irene</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IX_Palaiologos" title="Michael IX Palaiologos">Michael IX Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Savoy" title="Anna of Savoy">Anna</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kantakouzenos" title="Matthew Kantakouzenos">Matthew</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_IV_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos IV Palaiologos">Andronikos IV Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_Palaiologos" title="John VII Palaiologos">John VII Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_V_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos V Palaiologos">Andronikos V</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos" title="John VIII Palaiologos">John VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Empire" title="Gallic Empire">Gallic emperors</a> (260–274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palmyrene_monarchs" title="List of Palmyrene monarchs">Palmyrene emperors</a> (271–273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausian_revolt" title="Carausian revolt">Britannic emperors</a> (286–296)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trapezuntine_emperors" title="List of Trapezuntine emperors">Trapezuntine emperors</a> (1204–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonian emperors</a> (1224–1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Augustae" title="List of Augustae">Augustae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Usurpers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_usurpers" title="List of Roman usurpers">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_usurpers" title="List of Byzantine usurpers">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharaohs32" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pharaohs" title="Template talk:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharaohs32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(pre-3150 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(3150–2686 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2686–2181 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2181–2040 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2040–1802 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1802–1550 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (1550–664 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1550–1070 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1069–664 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(664–332 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(332–30 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Jewish–Roman_War5922" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="Template:First Jewish–Roman War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="Template talk:First Jewish–Roman War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Jewish–Roman War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Jewish–Roman_War5922" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><b>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(63_BCE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (63 BCE)">Siege of Jerusalem (63 BCE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas uprising (6 CE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_riots_(38)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian riots (38)">Alexandrian riots (38)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_and_Simon_uprising" title="Jacob and Simon uprising">Jacob and Simon uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francesco_Hayez_018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scene from "The destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem", painting by Francesco Hayez"><img alt="Scene from "The destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem", painting by Francesco Hayez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Francesco_Hayez_018.jpg/250px-Francesco_Hayez_018.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Francesco_Hayez_018.jpg/330px-Francesco_Hayez_018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2452" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military engagements<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early engagements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_riots_of_66" title="Jerusalem riots of 66">Jerusalem riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_riot_(66)" title="Alexandria riot (66)">Alexandria riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gallus' campaign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sepphoris_(66)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sepphoris (66)">1st Sepphoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Jaffa_(66)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Jaffa (66)">1st Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Geva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Geva">Geva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beth_Horon_(66)" title="Battle of Beth Horon (66)">Beth–Horon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillage_of_Ein_Gedi" title="Pillage of Ein Gedi">Ein Gedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galilee_campaign_(67)" title="Galilee campaign (67)">Galilee campaign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sepphoris_(67)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sepphoris (67)">2nd Sepphoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arrab" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Arrab">Gabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yodfat" title="Siege of Yodfat">Yodfat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taricheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Taricheae">Tarichaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gamla" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Gamla">Gamla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Tabor_(67)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mount Tabor (67)">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gush_Halav" title="Siege of Gush Halav">Gischala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judea coast and highlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zealot_Temple_siege" title="Zealot Temple siege">Zealot Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Last strongholds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Herodium_(71)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Herodium (71)">Herodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Machaerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Machaerus">Machaerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jardes_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jardes Forest">Jardes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Masada" title="Siege of Masada">Masada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Belligerents and leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gessius_Florus" title="Gessius Florus">Gessius Florus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Cestius_Gallus_(governor_of_Syria)" title="Gaius Cestius Gallus (governor of Syria)">Cestius Gallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextus_Lucilius_Bassus" title="Sextus Lucilius Bassus">Lucilius Bassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Flavius_Silva" title="Lucius Flavius Silva">Flavius Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Herod Agrippa II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judean_provisional_government" title="Judean provisional government">Provisional government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananus_ben_Ananus" title="Ananus ben Ananus">Ananus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ben_Gurion" title="Joseph ben Gurion">Joseph ben Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Gamla" title="Joshua ben Gamla">Joshua ben Gamla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Hanania" title="Eleazar ben Hanania">Eleazar ben Hanania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_the_Perean" title="Niger the Perean">Niger the Perean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peasantry faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Giora" title="Simon bar Giora">Simon bar Giora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zealots_(Judea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealots (Judea)">Zealots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Gischala" title="John of Gischala">John of Gischala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Simon" title="Eleazar ben Simon">Eleazar ben Simon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicarii" title="Sicarii">Sicarii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_ben_Yehuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Menahem ben Yehuda">Menahem ben Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Ya%27ir" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar ben Ya'ir">Eleazar ben Ya'ir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism#Emergence_of_Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Emergence of Rabbinic Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yohanan_ben_Zakkai" title="Yohanan ben Zakkai">Yohanan ben Zakkai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscus_Judaicus" title="Fiscus Judaicus">Fiscus Judaicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicaricon" title="Sicaricon">Sicaricon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora revolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitos_War" title="Kitos War">Kitos War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Roman Empire">History of the Jews in the Roman Empire</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Commemoration13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commemoration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus_(Circus_Maximus)" title="Arch of Titus (Circus Maximus)">Arch at Circus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaea_Capta_coinage" title="Judaea Capta coinage">Judaea Capta coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Peace,_Rome" title="Temple of Peace, Rome">Temple of Peace, Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Judaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_House" title="Burnt House">Burnt House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_Quarter" title="Herodian Quarter">Herodian Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth_Canal" title="Corinth Canal">Corinth Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Jewish_Revolt_coinage" title="First Jewish Revolt coinage">First Jewish Revolt coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian dynasty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_War" title="The Jewish War">The Jewish War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_Destruction" title="Legend of Destruction">Legend of Destruction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(poem)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (poem)">Siege of Jerusalem (poem)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dovekeepers_(novel)" title="The Dovekeepers (novel)">The Dovekeepers</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dovekeepers" title="The Dovekeepers">TV adaptation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masada_(miniseries)" title="Masada (miniseries)">Masada</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Pella" title="Flight to Pella">Flight to Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_problem" title="Josephus problem">Josephus problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">Temple menorah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="Category:First Jewish–Roman War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:First Jewish-Roman War"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2686" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2686" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000115764060">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/83217593">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/288151247974544270002">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/59662/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdRvcgFcRQMFPCQfbmcfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118622951">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Titus, Emperor of Rome, 40-81"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80108741">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11972355w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11972355w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2006337348&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1435373">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/10039199">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500115698">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118622951.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118622951">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027746887">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titus&oldid=1283871801">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titus&oldid=1283871801</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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