CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: occupation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: occupation"> <meta name="keywords" content="occupation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="occupation" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="occupation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 341</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: occupation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">341</span> Effect of Education and Occupation on Smokeless Tobacco Use: A Study of Male Adults in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramu%20Rawat">Ramu Rawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This paper is an effort to analyze the role of education and occupation as critical determinants in using smokeless tobacco among male adults in India and its selected states. Methodology: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) India 2009-10 data have been used for this study. Bivariate and Multivariate (Cox proportion hazards model) analyses are carried out to measure the impact of education and occupation on use of smokeless tobacco among male adults in India. Results and Conclusion: The study evidently suggests that, majority of Indian male adults are using Khaini and Gutkha (local names for smokeless tobacco). The analysis also shows that education and occupation are two important critical predictors of use of smokeless tobacco. The males at younger age with no or little education from rural area use smokeless tobacco more than their counterpart group from urban areas. This distinction can be attributable to their lack of knowledge or ignorance about the consequences of tobacco consumption. Place of residence played significant role for declining use of smokeless tobacco along with the effect of society. Society awareness about harmful effects of smokeless tobacco with local level government may play important role for controlling the use of any type of tobacco or tobacco products in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smokeless%20tobacco" title="smokeless tobacco">smokeless tobacco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male" title=" male"> male</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaini" title=" Khaini"> Khaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation" title=" occupation"> occupation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23568/effect-of-education-and-occupation-on-smokeless-tobacco-use-a-study-of-male-adults-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">340</span> Hand Anthropometric Dimensions and Occupation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Falaki">Hamid Falaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Kelkanlo"> Roya Kelkanlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Tabatabaei"> Mojtaba Tabatabaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed at distinguishing the effects of work type on hand dimensions and investigating the relationship between anthropometric dimensions and occupation. The anthropometric data used in study were collected on 12 hand anthropometric dimensions. The participants included 91 males in two groups, namely manual labor job and office workers. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. All measurements were significantly greater than those of office jobs except for the grip diameter obtained from the manual workers. The hand perimeter was the greatest value among the 12 measured dimensions, while the thickness of the side little finger was the smallest one. In four dimensions, namely width of four fingers together from the central hinge; diameter of thumb to face; diameter of index finger to face; hand thickness from index finger revealed the availability of a significant difference between manual labor jobs and office workers. Moreover, no significant relation was observed between weight and stature with hand dimension, which represents the correlation between occupation and the four dimensions. The results of this study showed that the difference between the two occupational groups was significant in terms of the four dimensions. Therefore, it is suggested that tool designers should consider this finding in their designing process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20dimensions" title="hand dimensions">hand dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation" title=" occupation"> occupation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20design" title=" tool design"> tool design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometry" title=" anthropometry"> anthropometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119310/hand-anthropometric-dimensions-and-occupation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> The Wage Differential between Migrant and Native Workers in Australia: Decomposition Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Tabassum">Sabrina Tabassum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using Census Data for Housing and Population of Australia 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016, this paper shows the existence of wage differences between natives and immigrants in Australia. Addressing the heterogeneous nature of immigrants, this study group the immigrants in three broad categories- migrants from English speaking countries and migrants from India and China. Migrants from English speaking countries and India earn more than the natives per week, whereas migrants from China earn far less than the natives per week. Oaxaca decomposition suggests that major part of this differential is unexplained. Using the occupational segregation concept and Brown decomposition, this study indicates that migrants from India and China would have been earned more than the natives if they had the same occupation distribution as natives due to their individual characteristics. Within occupation, wage differences are more prominent than inter-occupation wage differences for immigrants from China and India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour" title=" labour"> labour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage" title=" wage"> wage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109649/the-wage-differential-between-migrant-and-native-workers-in-australia-decomposition-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> Payment of Carbon Offsetting: A Case Study in Dharan, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mana%20Shrestha">Mana Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhruba%20Khatri"> Dhruba Khatri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pralhad%20Kunwor"> Pralhad Kunwor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the study was to explore the vehicle owners’ willingness to pay (WTP) for offsetting carbon that could eventually facilitate local governmental institutions to take further step in environmental conservation. Contingent valuation method was used to find out how much amount people were willing to pay for the carbon service they are getting from providers. Open ended questionnaire was carried out with 181 respondents randomly. The result shows different mean willingness to pay amount depending upon demographic variations like education, occupation, sex and residence but the occupation and the educational status significantly affected the WTP of respondent. Total WTP amount was calculated as 650 NRS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20offset" title=" carbon offset"> carbon offset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoto" title=" Kyoto"> Kyoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=REDD%20WTP" title=" REDD WTP"> REDD WTP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33506/payment-of-carbon-offsetting-a-case-study-in-dharan-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> The Illegal Architecture of Apartheid in Palestine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20Barakat">Hala Barakat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architecture plays a crucial role in the colonization and organization of spaces, as well as the preservation of cultures and history. As a result of 70 years of occupation, Palestinian land, culture, and history are endangered today. The government of Israel has used architecture to strangulate Palestinians out and seize their land. The occupation has managed to fragment the West Bank and cause sensible scars on the landscape by creating obstacles, barriers, watchtowers, checkpoints, walls, apartheid roads, border devices, and illegal settlements to unjustly claim land from its indigenous population. The apartheid architecture has divided the Palestinian social and urban fabric into pieces, similarly to the Bantustans. The architectural techniques and methods used by the occupation are evidence of prejudice, and while the illegal settlements remain to be condemned by the United Nations, little is being done to officially end this apartheid. Illegal settlements range in scale from individual units to established cities and house more than 60,000 Israeli settlers that immigrated from all over Europe and the United States. Often architecture by Israel is being directed towards expressing ideologies and serving as evidence of its political agenda. More than 78% of what was granted to Palestine after the development of the Green Line in 1948 is under Israeli occupation today. This project aims to map the illegal architecture as a criticism of governmental agendas in the West Bank and Historic Palestinian land. The paper will also discuss the resistance to the newly developed plan for the last Arab village in Jerusalem, Lifta. The illegal architecture has isolated Palestinians from each other and installed obstacles to control their movement. The architecture of occupation has no ethical or humane logic but rather entirely political, administrative, and it should not be left for the silenced architecture to tell the story. Architecture is not being used as a connecting device but rather a way to implement political injustice and spatial oppression. By narrating stories of the architecture of occupation, we can highlight the spatial injustice of the complex apartheid infrastructure. The Israeli government has managed to intoxicate architecture to serve as a divider between cultural groups, allowing the unlawful and unethical architecture to define its culture and values. As architects and designers, the roles we play in the development of illegal settlements must align with the spatial ethics we practice. Most importantly, our profession is not performing architecturally when we design a house with a particular roof color to ensure it would not be mistaken with a Palestinian house and be attacked accidentally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apartheid" title="apartheid">apartheid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20architecture" title=" illegal architecture"> illegal architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation" title=" occupation"> occupation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142491/the-illegal-architecture-of-apartheid-in-palestine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> Factors Influencing Prevalence of HIV/AIDS Among Men Who Have Sex With men (MSM) Aged 18-24 years in Mtwapa Town, Kilifi County, Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oscar%20Maina%20Irungu">Oscar Maina Irungu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Mtwapa Town, Kilifi County are at high risk of HIV infection. Probability sample surveys to determine HIV prevalence among MSM in Mtwapa are needed to inform prevention and care services. Methods: In 2013, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among MSM aged 18-24 years old, using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in Mtwapa. Consenting MSM were tested for HIV (fingerstick rapid test). Population-based prevalence and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using RDS Analysis Tool (RDSAT). Results: Among 274 MSM, the median age was 20 years (IQR: 19-23 years). Fifty percent of MSM reported not selling sex, while 13.2 % reported sex work as their “main occupation”, and another 28.4 % reported selling sex in the past two months (but not as their main occupation).Overall HIV prevalence was 19.2 % (CI: 12.2-23.6%). HIV prevalence was higher among MSM who reported sex work as their main occupation (28.3%,CI: 12.1-42.3%) or selling sex in the past two months (26.6 %, CI: 17.2-35.7 %),than among MSM who did not sell sex (11.6%,CI: 7.0-18.1%). Conclusion: HIV prevalence among MSM were high than among Kilifi’s general population aged 15-64 years (8.8%; 2010 KAIS) and highest in male sex workers. Health programs need to address concerns and modify services to meet needs of diverse subgroups of MSM. We recommend continued, periodic surveillance to monitor HIV prevalence among MSM in Mtwapa, and expansion to other areas in Kenya. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20point" title="power point">power point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenya" title=" Kenya"> Kenya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homosexuality" title=" homosexuality"> homosexuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex" title=" sex "> sex </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22218/factors-influencing-prevalence-of-hivaids-among-men-who-have-sex-with-men-msm-aged-18-24-years-in-mtwapa-town-kilifi-county-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> The Stereotypes of Female Roles in TV Drama of Taiwan and Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya%20Ting%20Tang">Ya Ting Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social learning theory has told us that the cognitions of gender roles come from learning. Thus, the images of gender roles which media describes will shape our cognitions. Taiwan and Japan are both in the East Asian cultural Sphere, and more or less influenced by the traditional Chinese culture. But our social structure and changes must be different. Others, the study also concerns that, with the rise of female consciousness in society, whether the female stereotype in drama of Taiwan and Japan are improved. This research first uses content analysis to analyze drama of Taiwan and Japan in 2003 and 2013 on how to shape female roles. Then use text analysis to conduct a qualitative analysis. Result of this study showed that drama on how to depict women indeed have changed, women are no longer just talk about love, but can serve as president or doctor, and show its mettle in the workplace. In Japanese drama, the female roles have diverse occupation than Taiwanese drama, and not just a background character set. But in most Taiwanese drama, female roles are given a career, but it always put emphasis on women emotionally. To include, although the stereotype in the drama of Taiwan and Japan are improved, female will still be derided due to their ages, love or marriage situations. Taiwanese drama must depict the occupation of female more diverse and let the female roles have more space to play, rather than focusing on romance which women of any occupation can have. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20images" title="female images">female images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotype" title=" stereotype"> stereotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TV%20drama" title=" TV drama"> TV drama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20roles" title=" gender roles"> gender roles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13666/the-stereotypes-of-female-roles-in-tv-drama-of-taiwan-and-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> Dynamics of the Landscape in the Different Colonization Models Implemented in the Legal Amazon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valdir%20Moura">Valdir Moura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francil%C3%A9Ia%20De%20Oliveira%20E.%20Silva"> FranciléIa De Oliveira E. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erivelto%20Mercante"> Erivelto Mercante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranieli%20Dos%20Anjos%20De%20Souza"> Ranieli Dos Anjos De Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerry%20Adriani%20Johann"> Jerry Adriani Johann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several colonization projects were implemented in the Brazilian Legal Amazon in the 1970s and 1980s. Among all of these colonization projects, the most prominent were those with the Fishbone and Topographic models. Within this scope, the projects of settlements known as Anari and Machadinho were created, which stood out because they are contiguous areas with different models and structure of occupation and colonization. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) in two different colonization models, implanted in the State of Rondonia in the 1980s. The Fishbone and Topographic models were implanted in the Anari and Machadinho settlements respectively. The understanding of these two forms of occupation will help in future colonization programs of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. These settlements are contiguous areas with different occupancy structures. A 32-year Landsat time series (1984-2016) was used to evaluate the rates and trends in the LULC process in the different colonization models. In the different occupation models analyzed, the results showed a rapid loss of primary and secondary forests (deforestation), mainly due to the dynamics of use, established by the Agriculture/Pasture (A/P) relation and, with heavy dependence due to road construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land-cover" title="land-cover">land-cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deforestation" title=" deforestation"> deforestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20fragments" title=" rate fragments"> rate fragments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20succession" title=" secondary succession"> secondary succession</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107849/dynamics-of-the-landscape-in-the-different-colonization-models-implemented-in-the-legal-amazon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> Analysis of Temporal Factors Influencing Minimum Dwell Time Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Pedersen">T. Pedersen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lindfeldt"> A. Lindfeldt </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The minimum dwell time is an important part of railway timetable planning. Due to its stochastic behaviour, the minimum dwell time should be considered to create resilient timetables. While there has been significant focus on how to determine and estimate dwell times, to our knowledge, little research has been carried out regarding temporal and running direction variations of these. In this paper, we examine how the minimum dwell time varies depending on temporal factors such as the time of day, day of the week and time of the year. We also examine how it is affected by running direction and station type. The minimum dwell time is estimated by means of track occupation data. A method is proposed to ensure that only minimum dwell times and not planned dwell times are acquired from the track occupation data. The results show that on an aggregated level, the average minimum dwell times in both running directions at a station are similar. However, when temporal factors are considered, there are significant variations. The minimum dwell time varies throughout the day with peak hours having the longest dwell times. It is also found that the minimum dwell times are influenced by weekday, and in particular, weekends are found to have lower minimum dwell times than most other days. The findings show that there is a potential to significantly improve timetable planning by taking minimum dwell time variations into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20dwell%20time" title="minimum dwell time">minimum dwell time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operations%20quality" title=" operations quality"> operations quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timetable%20planning" title=" timetable planning"> timetable planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=track%20occupation%20data" title=" track occupation data"> track occupation data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84540/analysis-of-temporal-factors-influencing-minimum-dwell-time-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> Elimination of Occupational Segregation By Sex: A Critical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutiat%20Temitayo%20James">Mutiat Temitayo James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladapo%20Olakunle%20James"> Oladapo Olakunle James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabiru%20Oyetunde"> Kabiru Oyetunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines occupational segregation by sex and sought to justify a case for its elimination or not. In doing this, we found that occupations are categorised among men and women in all parts of the world and this, in turn, affects the labour force participation rate of men and women in different sectors and aspects of the labour market. Data from the previous study shows that women are the most discriminated against as regards occupational segregation as many high profile jobs are regarded as men’s job and women relegated to the background. This has brought about low productivity for women and inequity in the labour market which can hinder the productivity levels of participants. It was however recommended that occupational segregation should be eliminated totally so that men and women alike can choose occupations of their choice irrespective of what gender the society ascribe to such occupation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation" title="occupation">occupation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title=" gender equality"> gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour%20market" title=" labour market"> labour market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segregation" title=" segregation"> segregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20924/elimination-of-occupational-segregation-by-sex-a-critical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> Changing Social Life of the Potters of Nongpok Sekmai in Manipur, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keisham%20Ingocha%20Singh">Keisham Ingocha Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayanglambam%20Mani%20Babu"> Mayanglambam Mani Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorho%20Mary%20Maheo"> Lorho Mary Maheo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The tradition of the development of pottery through the handling of clay is one of the earliest skills known to the Chakpas of Manipur. Nongpok Sekmai, a Chakpa village in Thoubal district of Manipur, India, is strictly associated with making pots of red ochre colour called <em>uyan</em>. In the past, pottery was in great demand, each family needed them in rituals, festive occasions and also for day to day use. The whole village was engaged in the occupation of pot making. However the tradition of pottery making is fast declining. People have switched over to other economic activities which can provide them a better socioeconomic life leaving behind the age-old tradition of pottery occupation. The present study was carried out to find out the social life of the potters of Nongpok Sekmai. Materials and Method: In-depth interviews, household survey and observation were conducted to collect information on the pottery trend in the village. Results: The total population of the surveyed village is 1194 persons out of which 582 are male and 612 are female, distributed through 252 households. At present 4.94 % of the total population are still engaged in this profession. The study recorded 19 occupations other than pottery among women indicating decline of the traditional occupation. Conclusion: The study has revealed the changing life of the potters due to technological development, globalization and social network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chakpas" title="Chakpas">Chakpas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nongpok%20Sekmai" title=" Nongpok Sekmai"> Nongpok Sekmai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pottery" title=" pottery"> pottery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uyan" title=" uyan"> uyan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77842/changing-social-life-of-the-potters-of-nongpok-sekmai-in-manipur-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">330</span> The Influence of an Occupation as a Calling on the Value of Job Security and Its Connection with Wage Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malul%20Miki">Malul Miki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafi%20Bar-El"> Rafi Bar-El</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eithan%20Hourie"> Eithan Hourie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we test the influence of an occupation as a calling on the value of job security and its connection with wage levels. Our sample consists of 495 workers in Israel from 10 occupations in the public sector, who are assumed to have a relatively high level of job security, and the private sector, who are assumed to have less job security or none at all. These 10 occupations are social workers, lecturers, lawyers, administration workers, accountants, high school teachers, bank workers, high-tech worker, nurses and psychologists. Using regression analysis, we find that those who have occupations that the literature has defined as a calling value job security less than those in ordinary employment. In addition, salary level has no effect on this relationship. Finally, those who work in occupations that are regarded as a calling have less status quo bias than those in ordinary employment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calling" title="calling">calling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20aversion" title=" loss aversion"> loss aversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20security" title=" job security"> job security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=status%20quo%20bias" title=" status quo bias"> status quo bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151905/the-influence-of-an-occupation-as-a-calling-on-the-value-of-job-security-and-its-connection-with-wage-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">329</span> Secret Agents in the Azores during the Second World War and the Impact of Espionage on Portuguese-British Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marisa%20Galiza%20Filipe">Marisa Galiza Filipe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1942, at the height of the Second World War, Roosevelt and Churchill planned to occupy the Azores to establish air and naval bases. The islands' privileged position in the middle of the Atlantic made them a strategic location for both the Axis and the Allies. For the Germans, the occupation of the island was also a strategic place to launch an attack on the United States of America, and for the British and Americans, the islands were the perfect spot to counterattack the German sinking of British boats and submarines. Salazar avoided the concession of the islands until 1943, claiming, on the one hand, the policy of neutrality, a decision made in agreement with England, and on the other hand, the reaffirmation of Portuguese sovereignty over the territory. Aware of the constant changes and supported by a network of informers on the islands, the German and British spies played a crucial role in the negotiations between Portugal and the Allies and the ceding of the bases by Salazar, which prevented their forced occupation. The espionage caused several diplomatic tensions, and the large number of German spies denounced by the British, operating on the islands under the watchful eye of the PVDE and Salazar, weakened the Portuguese-British alliance. Using primary source documents in the Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros (MNE) archives, this paper introduces the spies that operated on the islands, their missions and motives, organizations, and modus operandi. As a chess game, any move was careful thinking and the spies were valuable assets to control and use information that could lead to the occupation of the islands and, ultimately, change the tide of the war. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=espionage" title="espionage">espionage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azores" title=" Azores"> Azores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WWI" title=" WWI"> WWI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrality" title=" neutrality"> neutrality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181579/secret-agents-in-the-azores-during-the-second-world-war-and-the-impact-of-espionage-on-portuguese-british-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">328</span> Internal Displacement in Iraq due to ISIS Occupation and Its Effects on Human Security and Coexistence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feisal%20Khudher%20Mahmood">Feisal Khudher Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Samad%20Rahman%20Sultan"> Abdul Samad Rahman Sultan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iraq had been a diverse society with races, cultures and religions that peacefully coexistence. The phenomenon of internal displacement occurred after April 2003, because of political instability as will as the deterioration of the political and security situation as a result of United States of America occupation. Biggest internal displacement have occurred (and keep happening) since 10th of June 2014 due to rise of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and it’s occupation of one third of country territories. This crisis effected directly 3,275,000 people and reflected negatively on the social fabric of Iraq community and led to waves of sectorial violence that swept the country. Internal displaced communities are vulnerable, especially under non functional and weak government, that led to lose of essential human rights and dignity. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Geospatial Techniques, two types of internal displacement have been found; voluntary and forced. Both types of displacement are highly influenced by location, race and religion. The main challenge for Iraqi government and NGOs will be after defeating ISIS. Helping the displaced to resettle within their community and to re-establish the coexistence. By spatial-statical analysis hot spots of future conflicts among displaced community have been highlighted. This will help the government to tackle future conflicts before they occur. Also, it will be the base for social conflict early warning system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20displacement" title="internal displacement">internal displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraq" title=" Iraq"> Iraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISIS" title=" ISIS"> ISIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial-statical%20analysis" title=" spatial-statical analysis"> spatial-statical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31723/internal-displacement-in-iraq-due-to-isis-occupation-and-its-effects-on-human-security-and-coexistence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">327</span> The Foundation Binary-Signals Mechanics and Actual-Information Model of Universe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsadig%20Naseraddeen%20Ahmed%20Mohamed">Elsadig Naseraddeen Ahmed Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In contrast to the uncertainty and complementary principle, it will be shown in the present paper that the probability of the simultaneous occupation event of any definite values of coordinates by any definite values of momentum and energy at any definite instance of time can be described by a binary definite function equivalent to the difference between their numbers of occupation and evacuation epochs up to that time and also equivalent to the number of exchanges between those occupation and evacuation epochs up to that times modulus two, these binary definite quantities can be defined at all point in the time’s real-line so it form a binary signal represent a complete mechanical description of physical reality, the time of these exchanges represent the boundary of occupation and evacuation epochs from which we can calculate these binary signals using the fact that the time of universe events actually extends in the positive and negative of time’s real-line in one direction of extension when these number of exchanges increase, so there exists noninvertible transformation matrix can be defined as the matrix multiplication of invertible rotation matrix and noninvertible scaling matrix change the direction and magnitude of exchange event vector respectively, these noninvertible transformation will be called actual transformation in contrast to information transformations by which we can navigate the universe’s events transformed by actual transformations backward and forward in time’s real-line, so these information transformations will be derived as an elements of a group can be associated to their corresponded actual transformations. The actual and information model of the universe will be derived by assuming the existence of time instance zero before and at which there is no coordinate occupied by any definite values of momentum and energy, and then after that time, the universe begin its expanding in spacetime, this assumption makes the need for the existence of Laplace’s demon who at one moment can measure the positions and momentums of all constituent particle of the universe and then use the law of classical mechanics to predict all future and past of universe’s events, superfluous, we only need for the establishment of our analog to digital converters to sense the binary signals that determine the boundaries of occupation and evacuation epochs of the definite values of coordinates relative to its origin by the definite values of momentum and energy as present events of the universe from them we can predict approximately in high precision it's past and future events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary-signal%20mechanics" title="binary-signal mechanics">binary-signal mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actual-information%20model%20of%20the%20universe" title=" actual-information model of the universe"> actual-information model of the universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actual-transformation" title=" actual-transformation"> actual-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information-transformation" title=" information-transformation"> information-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20principle" title=" uncertainty principle"> uncertainty principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplace%27s%20demon" title=" Laplace's demon"> Laplace's demon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145704/the-foundation-binary-signals-mechanics-and-actual-information-model-of-universe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">326</span> Mobile Phone Banking Applies and Customer Intention: A Case Study in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20E.%20Bouthahab">Iman E. Bouthahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badea%20B.%20Geador"> Badea B. Geador</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of this paper is to explore the prospect of a new approach of mobile phone banking in Libya. This study evaluates customer knowledge on commercial mobile banking in Libya. To examine the relationship between age, occupation and intention for using mobile banking for commercial purpose, a survey was conducted to gather information from one hundred Libyan bank clients. The results indicate that Libyan customers have accepted the new technology and they are ready to use it. There is no significant joint relationship between age and occupation found in intention to use mobile banking in Libya. On the other hand, the customers’ knowledge about mobile banking has a greater relationship with the intention. This study has implications for demographic researches and consumer behaviour disciplines. It also has profitable implications for banks and managers in Libya, as it will assist in better understanding of the Libyan consumers and their activities, when they develop their market strategies and new service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20banking" title="mobile banking">mobile banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention" title=" intention"> intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20knowledge" title=" customer knowledge"> customer knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks%20in%20Libya" title=" banks in Libya "> banks in Libya </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10636/mobile-phone-banking-applies-and-customer-intention-a-case-study-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">325</span> The Social Origin Pay Gap in the UK Household Longitudinal Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Vallely">Michael Vallely</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper uses data from waves 1 to 10 (2009-2019) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study to examine the social origin pay gap in the UK labour market. We find that regardless of how we proxy social origin, whether it be using the dominance approach, total parental occupation, parental education, total parental education, or the higher parental occupation and higher parental education, the results have one thing in common; in all cases, we observe a significant social origin pay gap for those from the lower social origins with the largest pay gap observed for those from the ‘lowest’ social origin. The results may indicate that when we consider the occupational status and education of both parents, previous estimates of social origin pay gaps and the number of individuals affected may have been underestimated. We also observe social origin pay gaps within educational attainment groups, such as degree holders, and within professional and managerial occupations. Therefore, this paper makes a valuable contribution to the social origin pay gap literature as it provides empirical evidence of a social origin pay gap using a large-scale UK dataset and challenges the argument that education is the great ‘social leveller’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20class" title="social class">social class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20origin" title=" social origin"> social origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pay%20gaps" title=" pay gaps"> pay gaps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage%20inequality" title=" wage inequality"> wage inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149789/the-social-origin-pay-gap-in-the-uk-household-longitudinal-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">324</span> A South African Perspective on Palestine and the Motivation for a One-State Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhin%20Delawala">Farhin Delawala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of Palestine and the broader Middle East, this study delves into the Apartheid regime in Palestine, the country under occupation, and the intricate ties between the United States of America (USA) and the settler colony of ‘Israel’. The paper provides an explanation of the colonisation of Palestine as well as the forms of Apartheid. Moreover, it explains the provisions of United Nations (UN) international laws and how they have been broken by the settler colony of ‘Israel’. The paper contends that the US, motivated by its security interests in the region, has strategically influenced the political instability in the Middle East and the illegal occupation of Palestine. Furthermore, this paper proposes an alternative path of a one-state solution to foster a more peaceful and stable society and advocates for the integration of the Palestinian population into the region, from Gaza and the West Bank, under equal citizen rights. Thereby, the ethno-theocratic nature of the settler colony as an ethno-theocratic state is dismantled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apartheid" title="apartheid">apartheid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-state%20solution" title=" one-state solution"> one-state solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palestine" title=" Palestine"> Palestine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20instability" title=" political instability"> political instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settler%20colony" title=" settler colony"> settler colony</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181028/a-south-african-perspective-on-palestine-and-the-motivation-for-a-one-state-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">323</span> Phases of Marital Conflict among Married Kuwaiti Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hend%20Almaseb">Hend Almaseb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gottman proposed a model of marital conflict with three phases: Agenda-Building, Arguing, and Negotiation. Among a sample of 520 married Kuwaiti women, this study examined the relationship between these phases and the following demographic variables: Level of education, Family income, Health, Occupation, and Tribal affiliation. In addition, the study 1) investigated the marital conflict phases the participants reported having experienced or are currently experiencing and 2) identified the variables that predict one of these conflict phases. The results showed a significant relationship between the following: 1) the Agenda-Building phase and Health; 2) the Arguing phase and Family income, Occupation, and Tribal Affiliation; and 3) the Negotiation phase and Level of education. In addition, a linear regression shows a substantial correlation between the two predictor variables (Level of education and Health problems) and the Agenda Building and Negotiation phases and 5) another substantial correlation between Family income and Arguing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20social%20work" title="clinical social work">clinical social work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marital%20conflict" title=" marital conflict"> marital conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90015/phases-of-marital-conflict-among-married-kuwaiti-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">322</span> A Theoretical Analysis on the Controversial Issue of Teaching Professional in the Institutionalized Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tien-Hui%20Chiang">Tien-Hui Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Zhou"> Q. Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For structural-functionalism, one set of the common traits of traditional professionals, such as medical practitioners and engineers, can be viewed as the criteria for evaluating whether a given occupation has the right of claiming its professional status or not. Under the influence of this professionalism, teaching practitioners have devoted themselves to acquiring this right as evidenced by the fact that initial training has been extended to even the level of postgraduate. However, for interactionalists, professionalism adopts a predetermined assumption so that it ignores the dynamic nature of social development, which is able to regulate the professional status of a given occupation. Such an interactive approach highlights the concept of professionalization. Furthermore, Marxists argue that structural-functionalists have ignored the impact of proletarianization on the white collar. While professionals gradually lose their control over their practices, the title of profession functions as a self-regulated icon that prevents them from collaborating with the working class and, in turn, creates the ideology of de-politicization sustaining the interests of the ruling class. This article adopts a theoretical analysis on these contradictory arguments. It argues that these criticisms neglect the influence of the institutionalized value system on social operation, which is the core element in sustaining the notion of the profession. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20profession" title="teaching profession">teaching profession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professionalism" title=" professionalism"> professionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professionalization" title=" professionalization"> professionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proletarianialization" title=" proletarianialization"> proletarianialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutionalized%20value%20system" title=" institutionalized value system"> institutionalized value system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62131/a-theoretical-analysis-on-the-controversial-issue-of-teaching-professional-in-the-institutionalized-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">321</span> Restoring, Revitalizing and Recovering Brazilian Rivers: Application of the Concept to Small Basins in the City of São Paulo, Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20C.%20Alencar">Juliana C. Alencar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Ferreira%20do%20Amaral%20Porto"> Monica Ferreira do Amaral Porto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Watercourses in Brazilian urban areas are constantly being degraded due to the unplanned use of the urban space; however, due to the different contexts of land use and occupation in the river watersheds, different intervention strategies are required to requalify them. When it comes to requalifying watercourses, we can list three main techniques to fulfill this purpose: restoration, revitalization and recovery; each one being indicated for specific contexts of land use and occupation in the basin. In this study, it was demonstrated that the application of these three techniques to three small basins in São Paulo city, listing the aspects involved in each of the contexts and techniques of requalification. For a protected watercourse within a forest park, renaturalization was proposed, where the watercourse is preserved in a state closer to the natural one. For a watercourse in an urban context that still preserves open spaces for its maintenance as a landscape element, an intervention was proposed following the principles of revitalization, integrating the watercourse with the landscape and the population. In the case of a watercourse in a harder context, only recovery was proposed, since the watercourse is found under the road system, which makes it difficult to integrate it into the landscape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20drainage" title="sustainable drainage">sustainable drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20restoration" title=" river restoration"> river restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20revitalization" title=" river revitalization"> river revitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20recovery" title=" river recovery"> river recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96463/restoring-revitalizing-and-recovering-brazilian-rivers-application-of-the-concept-to-small-basins-in-the-city-of-sao-paulo-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">320</span> Cultural Competence of Philippine National Police Personnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nestor%20C.%20Nabe">Nestor C. Nabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melvie%20F.%20Bayog"> Melvie F. Bayog</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cultural competence of police officers can lead to effective law enforcement and gain respect to their organization. This study evaluated the level of cultural competence of Philippine National Police Personnel in Midsayap, Cotabato, Philippines. Descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The survey utilized an adapted questionnaire to measure the level of cultural competence of the respondents. Questionnaires were administered to 305 ethnic minorities coming from the four major ethnic tribes in Midsayap, Cotabato, Philippines. The data gathered were treated using Percentage, Mean, T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings are as follows: the level of cultural competence of police personnel is moderate; and, there is no significant difference in the cultural competence of the police personnel when analyzed by age, gender, civil status and, occupation while there is a significant difference analyzed by educational attainment and ethnic tribe. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn: the level of cultural competence of police personnel is only manifested sometimes; and, civil status, and occupation has no significant difference in the cultural competence of police personnel while educational attainment and ethnic tribe has a significant difference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competence" title="competence">competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural" title=" cultural"> cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police" title=" police"> police</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76183/cultural-competence-of-philippine-national-police-personnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">319</span> Spatial Variation of Trace Elements in Suspended Sediments from Urban River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Macedo%20Neto">Daniel Macedo Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20Froehner"> Sandro Froehner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Sanez"> Juan Sanez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Suspended sediments (SS) are an environmental constituent able to represent the effects of land use changes on watersheds. One important consideration of land use change is its implication on trace element loading. Water bodies have the capacity to retain trace elements. Spatial variation in trace elements concentrations can be associated with land occupation and sources of pollution. In this work, the spatial variation of trace elements in suspended sediments from an urban river was assessed. Time-integrated fluvial suspended sediment samples were installed in three different sites of Barigui River. The suspend solids were collected every 30 days, from May 2015 to August 2015 (total samples 12). Site P1 covers 44 km2 drainage area and has low land occupation, whilst P2 cover an area of 87 km2 and it is totally urban as P3, which area is higher than 130 km2. Trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, P, Pb and Zn) were analysed by ICP-ES. All elements analyzed showed a similar pattern, i.e., the concentration raise with the urbanization, exception for As (P1=7.75; P2=5.75; P3=5.60mg/kg). There was increase in concentration for Cd (P1=0.75; P2=0.78; P3=1.45mg/kg), Cr (P1=59.50; P2=101.75; P3=102.00 mg/kg), Zn (P1=142.25; P2=152.50; P3=223.00mg/kg), P (P1=937.50; P2=1,545.00; P3=2,355.00 mg/kg) and for Pb (P1=31.25; P2=32.75; P3=39.17±2.56 mg/kg). The variation in concentrations were as follow -27.74% (As), +93.33% (Cd), +71.43% (Cr), +151.20% (P), +25.33% (Pb) e +56.77% (Zn). Cd, Cr, P, Pb and Zn presented a clear trend of increasing the concentration from upstream to downstream. Such variation is more notorious for P, Cd and Cr, possibly due the urbanization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20elements" title="trace elements">trace elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspended%20sediments" title=" suspended sediments"> suspended sediments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50716/spatial-variation-of-trace-elements-in-suspended-sediments-from-urban-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">318</span> Loss Quantification Archaeological Sites in Watershed Due to the Use and Occupation of Land</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elissandro%20Voigt%20Beier">Elissandro Voigt Beier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiano%20Poleto"> Cristiano Poleto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of the research is to assess the loss through the quantification of material culture (archaeological fragments) in rural areas, sites explored economically by machining on seasonal crops, and also permanent, in a hydrographic subsystem Camaquã River in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study area consists of different micro basins and differs in area, ranging between 1,000 m² and 10,000 m², respectively the largest and the smallest, all with a large number of occurrences and outcrop locations of archaeological material and high density in intense farm environment. In the first stage of the research aimed to identify the dispersion of points of archaeological material through field survey through plot points by the Global Positioning System (GPS), within each river basin, was made use of concise bibliography on the topic in the region, helping theoretically in understanding the old landscaping with preferences of occupation for reasons of ancient historical people through the settlements relating to the practice observed in the field. The mapping was followed by the cartographic development in the region through the development of cartographic products of the land elevation, consequently were created cartographic products were to contribute to the understanding of the distribution of the absolute materials; the definition and scope of the material dispersed; and as a result of human activities the development of revolving letter by mechanization of in situ material, it was also necessary for the preparation of materials found density maps, linking natural environments conducive to ancient historical occupation with the current human occupation. The third stage of the project it is for the systematic collection of archaeological material without alteration or interference in the subsurface of the indigenous settlements, thus, the material was prepared and treated in the laboratory to remove soil excesses, cleaning through previous communication methodology, measurement and quantification. Approximately 15,000 were identified archaeological fragments belonging to different periods of ancient history of the region, all collected outside of its environmental and historical context and it also has quite changed and modified. The material was identified and cataloged considering features such as object weight, size, type of material (lithic, ceramic, bone, Historical porcelain and their true association with the ancient history) and it was disregarded its principles as individual lithology of the object and functionality same. As observed preliminary results, we can point out the change of materials by heavy mechanization and consequent soil disturbance processes, and these processes generate loading of archaeological materials. Therefore, as a next step will be sought, an estimate of potential losses through a mathematical model. It is expected by this process, to reach a reliable model of high accuracy which can be applied to an archeological site of lower density without encountering a significant error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation%20of%20heritage" title="degradation of heritage">degradation of heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantification%20in%20archaeology" title=" quantification in archaeology"> quantification in archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed" title=" watershed"> watershed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use%20and%20occupation%20of%20land" title=" use and occupation of land"> use and occupation of land</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48132/loss-quantification-archaeological-sites-in-watershed-due-to-the-use-and-occupation-of-land" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">317</span> Perception of Hygiene Knowledge among Staff Working in Top Five Famous Restaurants of Male’</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulaikha%20Reesha%20Rashaad">Zulaikha Reesha Rashaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major factors which can contribute greatly to success of catering businesses is to employ food and beverage staff having sound hygiene knowledge. Individuals having sound knowledge of hygiene has a higher chance of following safe food practices in food production. One of the leading causes of food poisoning and food borne illnesses has been identified as lack of hygiene knowledge among food and beverage staff working in catering establishments and restaurants. This research aims to analyze the hygiene knowledge among food and beverage staff working in top five restaurants of Male’, in relation to their age, educational background, occupation and training. The research uses quantitative and descriptive methods in data collection and in data analysis. Data was obtained through random sampling technique with self-administered survey questionnaires which was completed by 60 respondents working in 5 different restaurants operating at top level in Male’. The respondents of the research were service staff and chefs working in these restaurants. The responses to the questionnaires have been analyzed by using SPSS. The results of the research indicated that age, education level, occupation and training correlated with hygiene knowledge perception scores. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20and%20beverage%20staff" title="food and beverage staff">food and beverage staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20poisoning" title=" food poisoning"> food poisoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20production" title=" food production"> food production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene%20knowledge" title=" hygiene knowledge"> hygiene knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53042/perception-of-hygiene-knowledge-among-staff-working-in-top-five-famous-restaurants-of-male" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">316</span> Speaking of Genocide: Lithuanian 'Occupation’ Museums and Foucault's Discursive Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Wight">Craig Wight</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism visits to sites associated to varying degrees with death and dying have for some time inspired academic debate and research into what has come to be popularly described as ‘dark tourism’. Research to date has been based on the mobilisation of various social scientific methodologies to understand issues such as the motivations of visitors to consume dark tourism experiences and visitor interpretations of the various narratives that are part of the consumption experience. This thesis offers an alternative conceptual perspective for carrying out research into dark tourism by presenting a discourse analysis of Lithuanian occupation-themed museums using Foucault’s concept of ‘discursive formation’ from ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’. A constructivist methodology is therefore applied to locate the rhetorical representations of Lithuanian and Jewish subject positions and to identify the objects of discourse that are produced in five museums that interpret a historical era defined by occupation, the persecution of people and genocide. The discourses and consequent cultural function of these museums are examined, and the key finding of the research proposes that they authorise a particular Lithuanian individualism which marginalises the Jewish subject position and its related objects of discourse into abstraction. The thesis suggests that these museums create the possibility to undermine the ontological stability of Holocaust and the Jewish-Lithuanian subject which is produced as an anomalous, ‘non-Lithuanian’ cultural reference point. As with any Foucauldian archaeological research, it cannot be offered as something that is ‘complete’ since it captures only a partial field, or snapshot of knowledge, bound to a specific temporal and spatial context. The discourses that have been identified are perhaps part of a more elusive ‘positivity’ which is salient across a number of cultural and political surfaces which are ripe for a similar analytical approach in future. It is hoped that the study will motivate others to follow a discourse-analytical approach to research in order to further understand the critical role of museums in public culture when it comes to shaping knowledge about ‘inconvenient’ pasts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genocide%20heritage" title="genocide heritage">genocide heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foucault" title=" foucault"> foucault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lithuanian%20tourism" title=" Lithuanian tourism"> Lithuanian tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discursive%20formatoin" title=" discursive formatoin "> discursive formatoin </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54172/speaking-of-genocide-lithuanian-occupation-museums-and-foucaults-discursive-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">315</span> User Satisfaction Survey Based Facility Performance Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gopikrishnan%20Seshadhri">Gopikrishnan Seshadhri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20M.%20Topkar"> V. M. Topkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Facility management post occupation is a facet that has gained tremendous ground in the recent times. While the efficiency of expenditure and utilization of all types of resources are monitored to ensure timely completion with minimum cost and acceptable quality during construction phase, value for money comes out only when the facility performs satisfactorily post occupation, meeting aspirations and expectations of users of the facility. It is more so for the public facilities. Due to the paradigm shift in focus to outcome based performance evaluation, user satisfaction obtained mainly through questionnaires has become the single important criterion in performance evaluation. Questionnaires presently being used to gauge user satisfaction being subjective, the feedback obtained do not necessarily reflect actual performance. Hence, there is a requirement of developing a survey instrument that can gauge user satisfaction as objectively as possible and truly reflects the ground reality. A near correct picture of actual performance of the built facility from the user point of view will enable facility managers to address pertinent issues. This paper brings out the need for an effective survey instrument that will elicit more objective user response. It also lists steps involved in formulation of such an instrument. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility%20performance%20evaluation" title="facility performance evaluation">facility performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attributes" title=" attributes"> attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribute%20descriptors" title=" attribute descriptors"> attribute descriptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20satisfaction%20surveys" title=" user satisfaction surveys"> user satisfaction surveys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20methods" title=" statistical methods"> statistical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20indicators" title=" performance indicators"> performance indicators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2434/user-satisfaction-survey-based-facility-performance-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">314</span> Social Justice and Castes Discrimination: Experiences of Scheduled Castes Students in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhaneswar%20Bhoi">Dhaneswar Bhoi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Indian History, the Dalits (Scheduled Castes) were exploited with caste, since the Vedic Age (1500 BCE). They were deprived of many rights in the society and their education was also restricted by the upper castes since the introduction of the Law of Manu (1500 BCE). The Dalits were treated as lower castes (Sudras and Ati-Sudra) in the society. Occupation of these caste groups were attached to some low profile and menial occupation. Whereas, the upper caste (Brahamins) declared themselves as the top most caste groups who chose the occupation of priests and had the supreme right to education. During those days occupation was not decided by the caliber of a person rather, it was decided by the upper caste Brahamins and kept on transferring from one generation to another generation. At this juncture of the society, the upper caste people oppressed and suppressed the lower caste people endlessly. To get rid of these social problems the emancipator and the charismatic leader (Prophet for the lower caste communities), Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar appeard in the scene of Indian unjust society. Restlessly he fought against the caste oppression, social dogmas and tyranny on the basis of caste. Finally, he succeeded to affirm statutory safeguards for the oppressed and depressed or lower caste communities. Today these communities are scheduled as Scheduled Castes to access social justice for their upliftment and development. Through the liberty, equality and fraternity, he established social justice for the first time in the Indian history with the implementation of Indian Constitution on 26th January 1950. Since then the social justice has been accessed through the Constitution and Indian Republics. However, even after sixty five years of the Indian Republic and Constitutional safeguards the Scheduled Castes (SCs) are suffering many problems in the phases of their life. Even if there are special provisions made by the state aimed to meet the challenges of the weaker sections, they are still deprived of access to it, which is true especially for the Dalits or SCs. Many of the people of these communities are still not accessing education and particularly, higher education. Those who are managing to access the education have been facing many challenges in their educational premises as well as in their social life. This paper tries to find out the problem of discrimination in educational and societal level. Secondly, this paper aims to know the relation between the discrimination and access to social justice for the SCs in the educational institution and society. It also enquires the experiences of SCs who faced discrimination in their educational and social life. This study is based on the both quantitative and qualitative methods. Both of which were interpreted through the data triangulation method in mixed methodology approach. In this paper, it is found that the SCs are struggling with injustice in their social and educational spheres. Starting from their primary level to higher education, they were discriminated in curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice" title="social justice">social justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caste" title=" caste"> caste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduled%20castes" title=" scheduled castes"> scheduled castes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35547/social-justice-and-castes-discrimination-experiences-of-scheduled-castes-students-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">313</span> Learning Environment and Motivation of Cavite National High School Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madelaine%20F.%20Gatchalian">Madelaine F. Gatchalian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Jane%20D.%20Tepora"> Mary Jane D. Tepora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was designed to determine the relationship between learning environment and motivation of CNHS, SY 2012-2013. There were 376 respondents taken randomly. Frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann Whitney Test, Kruskall Wallis One-way ANOVA and Spearman Rank Correlational Coefficient were used in analyzing the data. As to age, most of the respondents were 13 years old while female students outnumbered the male students. Majority of parents’ educational attainment of CNHS students were high school/vocational graduates. Most fathers worked in the private sector, while majority of the mothers were unemployed whose family income range from Php 5,000.00 to Php 14,999.00. Most of the respondents were first child composed of five family members. Findings showed no significant differences in perceived learning environment when respondents were grouped in terms of age, sex, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, sibling order and number of family members. Only monthly family income showed significant differences in perceived learning environment. There are no significant differences in perceived learning motivation when respondents were grouped in terms of age, sex, parents’ educational attainment (father), parents’ occupation (father), sibling order, and number of family members. Parents’ educational attainment (mother), parents’ occupation (mother) and monthly family income showed significant differences in perceived learning motivation. There is significant relationship between the six subscales of perceived learning environment, namely: student cohesiveness, teacher support, involvement, task orientation, cooperation and equity and perceived learning motivation of CNHS students, SY, 2012-2013. The results of this study indicated that learning environment including student cohesiveness, teachers support, involvement, task orientation, cooperation and equity is significantly related to students’ learning motivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20environment" title="learning environment">learning environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20profile" title=" demographic profile"> demographic profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20students" title=" secondary students"> secondary students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37986/learning-environment-and-motivation-of-cavite-national-high-school-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> Wetland Community and Their Livelihood Opportunities in the Face of Changing Climatic Condition in Southwest Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsina%20Aktar">Mohsina Aktar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishawjit%20Mallick"> Bishawjit Mallick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bangladesh faces the multidimensional manifestations of climate change e.g. flood, cyclone, sea level rise, drainage congestion, salinity, etc. This study aimed at to find out the community’s perception of the perceived impact of climate change on their wetland resource based livelihood, to analyze their present livelihood scenario and to find out required institutional setup to strengthen present livelihood scenario. Therefore, this study required both quantitative analysis like quantification of wetland resources, occupation, etc. and also exploratory information like policy and institutional reform. For quantitative information 200 questionnaire survey and in some cases observation survey and for socially shareable qualitative and quantitative issues case study and focus group discussion were conducted. In-Depth interview was conducted for socially non-shareable qualitative issues. The overall findings of this study have been presented maintaining a sequence- perception about climate change effect, livelihood scenario and required institutional support of the wetland community. Flood has been ranked where cyclone effect is comparatively less disastrous in this area. Heavy rainfall comes after the cyclone. Female members responded almost same about the ranking and effects of frequently occurred and devastating effects of climate change. People are much more aware of the impact of climate change. Training of Care in RVCC project helps to increase their knowledge level. If the level of education can be increased, people can fight against calamity and poverty with more confidence. People seem to overcome the problems of water logging and thus besides involving in Hydroponics (33.3%) as prime occupation in monsoon; they are also engaged in other business related activities. January to May is the low-income season for the farmers. But some people don’t want to change their traditional occupation and their age is above 45. The young earning member wants to utilize their lean income period by alternative occupation. People who do not have own land and performing water transportation or other types of occupation are now interested about Hydroponics. People who give their land on rent are now thinking about renting their land in monsoon as through that they can earn a sound amount rather than get nothing. What they require is just seed, training, and capital. Present marketing system faces the problem of communication. So this sector needed to be developed. Involvement of women in income earning activity is very low (5.1%), and 100% women are housewives. They became inferior due to their educational level and dominance of their husband. Only one NGO named BCAS (Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies) has been found engage training facilities and advocacy for this purpose. Upazilla agricultural extension office like other GO remains inactive to give support the community for extension and improvement of Hydroponics agriculture. If the community gets proper support and inspiration, they can fight against crisis of low-income and climate change, with the Hydroponics cultivation system successfully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20community" title="wetland community">wetland community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroponics" title=" hydroponics"> hydroponics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change%20adaptation" title=" climate change adaptation"> climate change adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood" title=" livelihood"> livelihood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53230/wetland-community-and-their-livelihood-opportunities-in-the-face-of-changing-climatic-condition-in-southwest-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=11">11</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=12">12</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>