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level</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: energy level"> <meta name="keywords" content="energy level"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="energy level"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20028</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: energy level</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20028</span> Improving Energy Efficiency through Industrial Symbiosis: A Conceptual Framework of Energy Management in Energy-Intensive Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanjun%20Chen">Yuanjun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongjiang%20Shi"> Yongjiang Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rising energy prices have drawn a focus to global energy issues, and the severe pollution that has resulted from energy-intensive industrial sectors has yet to be addressed. By combining Energy Efficiency with Industrial Symbiosis, the practices of efficient energy utilization and improvement can be not only enriched at the factory level but also upgraded into “within and/or between firm level”. The academic contribution of this paper provides a conceptual framework of energy management through IS. The management of waste energy within/between firms can contribute to the reduction of energy consumption and provides a solution to the environmental issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20symbiosis" title=" industrial symbiosis"> industrial symbiosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-intensive%20industry" title=" energy-intensive industry"> energy-intensive industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64381/improving-energy-efficiency-through-industrial-symbiosis-a-conceptual-framework-of-energy-management-in-energy-intensive-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20027</span> Economic Analysis of Policy Instruments for Energy Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etidel%20Labidi">Etidel Labidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy efficiency improvement is one of the means to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. Recently, some developed countries have implemented the tradable white certificate scheme (TWC) as a new policy instrument based on market approach to support energy efficiency improvements. The major focus of this paper is to compare the White Certificates (TWC) scheme as an innovative policy instrument for energy efficiency improvement to other policy instruments: energy taxes and regulations setting a minimum level of energy efficiency. On the basis of our theoretical discussion and numerical simulation, we show that the white certificates system is the most interesting policy instrument for saving energy because it generates the most important level of energy savings and the least increase in energy service price. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20savings" title="energy savings">energy savings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title=" energy policy"> energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20certificates" title=" white certificates"> white certificates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85878/economic-analysis-of-policy-instruments-for-energy-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20026</span> SWOT Analysis of Renewable Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahad%C4%B1r%20Ayd%C4%B1n">Bahadır Aydın</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being one of the most important elements of social evolution, energy has a vital role for a sustainable economy and development. Energy has great importance to level up the welfare. By this importance, countries having rich resources can apply energy as an political instrument. While needs of energy is increasing, sources to respond this need is very limited. Therefore, countries seek for alternative resources to meet their needs. Renewable energy sources have firstly taken into consideration. Being clean and belonging to countries own sources, renewable energy resources have been widely applied during the last decades. However, renewable energy cannot meet all the expectation of energy needs. In this respect, energy efficiency can be seen as an alternative. Energy efficiency can minimize energy consumption without degrading standard of living, lessening quality of products and without increasing energy bills. In this article, energy resources, SWOT analysis of renewable sources, and energy efficiency topics are mainly discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20regulations" title=" energy regulations"> energy regulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4120/swot-analysis-of-renewable-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20025</span> Investigating The Nexus Between Energy Deficiency, Environmental Sustainability and Renewable Energy: The Role of Energy Trade in Global Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahim%20Ullah">Fahim Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman"> Muhammad Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy consumption and environmental sustainability are hard challenges of 21st century. Energy richness increases environmental pollution while energy poverty hinders economic growth. Considering these two aspects, present study calculates energy deficiency and examines the role of renewable energy to overcome rising energy deficiency and carbon emission for selected countries from 1990 to 2021. For empirical analysis, this study uses methods of moments panel quantile regression analysis and to check the robustness, study used panel quantile robust analysis. Graphical analysis indicated rising global energy deficiency since last three decades where energy consumption is higher than energy production. Empirical results showed that renewable energy is a significant factor for reducing energy deficiency. Secondly, the energy deficiency increases carbon emission level and again renewable energy decreases emissions level. This study recommends that global energy deficiency and rising carbon emissions can be controlled through structural change in the form of energy transition to replace non-renewable resources with renewable resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20deficiency" title="energy deficiency">energy deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emission" title=" carbon emission"> carbon emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20trade" title=" energy trade"> energy trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PQL%20analysis" title=" PQL analysis"> PQL analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183640/investigating-the-nexus-between-energy-deficiency-environmental-sustainability-and-renewable-energy-the-role-of-energy-trade-in-global-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20024</span> Energy Communities from Municipality Level to Province Level: A Comparison Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amro%20Issam%20Hamed%20Attia%20Ramadan">Amro Issam Hamed Attia Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Zappatore"> Marco Zappatore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pasquale%20Balena"> Pasquale Balena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonella%20Longo"> Antonella Longo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the energetic crisis that is hitting Europe, it becomes more and more necessary to change the energy policies to depend less on fossil fuels and replace them with energy from renewable sources. This has triggered the urge to use clean energy not only to satisfy energy needs and fulfill the required consumption but also to decrease the danger of climatic changes due to harmful emissions. Many countries have already started creating energetic communities based on renewable energy sources. The first step to understanding energy needs in any place is to perfectly know the consumption. In this work, we aim to estimate electricity consumption for a municipality that makes up part of a rural area located in southern Italy using forecast models that allow for the estimation of electricity consumption for the next ten years, and we then apply the same model to the province where the municipality is located and estimate the future consumption for the same period to examine whether it is possible to start from the municipality level to reach the province level when creating energy communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARIMA" title="ARIMA">ARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20consumption" title=" electricity consumption"> electricity consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting%20models" title=" forecasting models"> forecasting models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series" title=" time series"> time series</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159126/energy-communities-from-municipality-level-to-province-level-a-comparison-using-autoregressive-integrated-moving-average-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20023</span> Energy Policy and Interactions with Politics and Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Beril%20Tugrul">A. Beril Tugrul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Demand on production and thereby the global need of energy is growing continuously. Each country has different trends on energy demand and supply according to their geopolitical and geographical locations, underground reserves, weather conditions and level of industrialization. Conventional energy resources such as oil, gas and coal –in other words fossil resources- remain dominant on primary energy supply in spite of causing of environmental problems. Energy supply and demand securities are essential within the energy importing and exporting countries. This concept affected all sectors, but especially impressed on political aspects of the countries and also global economic views. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title="energy policy">energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20economics" title=" energy economics"> energy economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20strategy" title=" energy strategy"> energy strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20trends" title=" global trends"> global trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petro-dollar%20recycling" title=" petro-dollar recycling"> petro-dollar recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15596/energy-policy-and-interactions-with-politics-and-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20022</span> Status Check: Journey of India’s Energy Sustainability through Renewable Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Ghosh">Santosh Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar%20Yadav"> Vinod Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivekananda%20Mukherjee"> Vivekananda Mukherjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishta%20Garg"> Ishta Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> India, akin to the rest of the world today, is grappling with balancing act between ever increasing demand for energy and alarmingly high level of green house gas emission, which is inevitable corollary of energy production in the conventional way. Researchers and energy policy makers around the world are now focusing on renewable energy (RE) technologies to find solution to this crisis. In India various agencies at both national and state level has been set up and bestowed with responsibility of development of renewable energy technologies, viz. Ministry of New Renewable Energy (MNRE), National Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd. (NVVNL), Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) and RE Development Agencies in respective states. In the present work, the preparedness of India in terms of forming institutional and policy frame work briefly discussed. Status of implementation of RE technologies state wise and of India as a whole, critically reviewed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title="energy policy">energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20sustainability" title=" energy sustainability"> energy sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IREDA" title=" IREDA"> IREDA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26397/status-check-journey-of-indias-energy-sustainability-through-renewable-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20021</span> A Dynamical Approach for Relating Energy Consumption to Hybrid Inventory Level in the Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benga%20Ebouele">Benga Ebouele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Tengen"> Thomas Tengen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to long lead time, work in process (WIP) inventory can manifest within the supply chain of most manufacturing system. It implies that there are lesser finished good on hand and more in the process because the work remains in the factory too long and cannot be sold to either customers The supply chain of most manufacturing system is then considered as inefficient as it take so much time to produce the finished good. Time consumed in each operation of the supply chain has an associated energy costs. Such phenomena can be harmful for a hybrid inventory system because a lot of space to store these semi-finished goods may be needed and one is not sure about the final energy cost of producing, holding and delivering the good to customers. The principle that reduces waste of energy within the supply chain of most manufacturing firms should therefore be available to all inventory managers in pursuit of profitability. Decision making by inventory managers in this condition is a modeling process, whereby a dynamical approach is used to depict, examine, specify and even operationalize the relationship between energy consumption and hybrid inventory level. The relationship between energy consumption and inventory level is established, which indicates a poor level of control and hence a potential for energy savings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modelling" title="dynamic modelling">dynamic modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20used" title=" energy used"> energy used</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20inventory" title=" hybrid inventory"> hybrid inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41799/a-dynamical-approach-for-relating-energy-consumption-to-hybrid-inventory-level-in-the-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20020</span> Energy Justice and Economic Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marinko%20Skare">Marinko Skare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malgorzata%20Porada%20Rochon"> Malgorzata Porada Rochon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper study the link between energy justice and economic growth. The link between energy justice and growth has not been extensively studied. Here we study the impact and importance of energy justice, as a part of the energy transition process, on economic growth. Our study shows energy justice growth is an important determinant of economic growth and development that should be addressed at the industry and economic levels. We use panel data modeling and causality testing to research the empirical link between energy justice and economic growth. Industry and economy-level policies designed to support energy justice initiatives are beneficial to economic growth. Energy justice is a necessary condition for green growth and sustainability targets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20justice" title="energy justice">energy justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data" title=" panel data"> panel data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transition" title=" energy transition"> energy transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158297/energy-justice-and-economic-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20019</span> Research of the Activation Energy of Conductivity in P-I-N SiC Structures Fabricated by Doping with Aluminum Using the Low-Temperature Diffusion Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilkham%20Gafurovich%20Atabaev">Ilkham Gafurovich Atabaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khimmatali%20Nomozovich%20Juraev"> Khimmatali Nomozovich Juraev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The activation energy of conductivity in p-i-n SiC structures fabricated by doping with Aluminum using the new low-temperature diffusion method is investigated. In this method, diffusion is stimulated by the flux of carbon and silicon vacancies created by surface oxidation. The activation energy of conductivity in the p - layer is 0.25 eV and it is close to the ionization energy of Aluminum in 4H-SiC from 0.21 to 0.27 eV for the hexagonal and cubic positions of aluminum in the silicon sublattice for weakly doped crystals. The conductivity of the i-layer (measured in the reverse biased diode) shows 2 activation energies: 0.02 eV and 0.62 eV. Apparently, the 0.62 eV level is a deep trap level and it is a complex of Aluminum with a vacancy. According to the published data, an analogous level system (with activation energies of 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.67 eV) was observed in the ion Aluminum doped 4H-SiC samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20energy" title="activation energy">activation energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum" title=" aluminum"> aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20diffusion" title=" low temperature diffusion"> low temperature diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiC" title=" SiC"> SiC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74668/research-of-the-activation-energy-of-conductivity-in-p-i-n-sic-structures-fabricated-by-doping-with-aluminum-using-the-low-temperature-diffusion-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20018</span> Towards Achieving Energy Efficiency in Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aigerim%20Uyzbayeva">Aigerim Uyzbayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeriya%20Tyo"> Valeriya Tyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurlan%20Ibrayev"> Nurlan Ibrayev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kazakhstan is currently one of the dynamically developing states in its region. The stable growth in all sectors of the economy leads to a corresponding increase in energy consumption. Thus, country consumes a significant amount of energy due to the high level of industralisation and the presence of energy-intensive manufacturing such as mining and metallurgy which in turn leads to low energy efficiency. With allowance for this the Government has set several priorities to adopt a transition of Republic of Kazakhstan to a “green economy”. This article provides an overview of Kazakhstan’s energy efficiency situation in for the period of 1991-2014. First, the dynamics of production and consumption of conventional energy resources are given. Second, the potential of renewable energy sources is summarised, followed by the description of GHG emissions trends in the country. Third, Kazakhstan’ national initiatives, policies and locally implemented projects in the field of energy efficiency are described. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency%20in%20Kazakhstan" title="energy efficiency in Kazakhstan">energy efficiency in Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17698/towards-achieving-energy-efficiency-in-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20017</span> Renewable Energy and Energy Security in Malaysia: A Quantitative Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endang%20Jati%20Mat%20Sahid">Endang Jati Mat Sahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Ali%20Bekhet"> Hussain Ali Bekhet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robust economic growth, increasing population, and personal consumption are the main drivers for the rapid increase of energy demand in Malaysia. Increasing demand has compounded the issue of national energy security due to over-dependence on fossil fuel, depleting indigenous domestic conventional energy resources which in turns has increased the country’s energy import dependence. In order to improve its energy security, Malaysia has seriously embarked on a renewable energy journey. Many initiatives on renewable energy have been introduced in the past decade. These strategies have resulted in the exploding growth of renewable energy deployment in Malaysia. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of renewable energy deployment on energy security. Secondary data was used to calculate the energy security indicators. The study also compared the results of applying different energy security indicators namely availability, applicability, affordability and acceptability dimension of energy resources. The evaluation shows that Malaysia will experience slight improvement in availability and acceptability dimension of energy security. This study suggests that energy security level could be further enhanced by efficient utilization of energy, reducing carbon content of energy and facilitating low-carbon industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title="energy policy">energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20security" title=" energy security"> energy security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99585/renewable-energy-and-energy-security-in-malaysia-a-quantitative-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20016</span> Stabilization of Clay Soil Using A-3 Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mustapha%20Alhaji">Mohammed Mustapha Alhaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiku%20Salawu"> Sadiku Salawu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A clay soil which classified under A-7-6 soil according to AASHTO soil classification system and CH according to the unified soil classification system was stabilized using A-3 soil (AASHTO soil classification system). The clay soil was replaced with 0%, 10%, 20% to 100% A-3 soil, compacted at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy level and using unconfined compressive strength as evaluation criteria. The MDD of the compactions at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy levels showed increase in MDD from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The trend of the OMC with varied A-3 soil replacement is similar to that of MDD but in a reversed order. The OMC reduced from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. This trend was attributed to the observed reduction in the void ratio from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the void ratio increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The maximum UCS for clay at varied A-3 soil replacement increased from 272 and 770kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level at 0% A-3 soil replacement to 295 and 795kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 10% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 22 and 60kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 70% A-3 soil replacement. Beyond 70% A-3 soil replacement, the mixture cannot be moulded for UCS test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A-3%20soil" title="A-3 soil">A-3 soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolanic%20action" title=" pozzolanic action"> pozzolanic action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993/stabilization-of-clay-soil-using-a-3-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20015</span> Stochastic Energy and Reserve Scheduling with Wind Generation and Generic Energy Storage Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhossein%20Khazali">Amirhossein Khazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Kalantar"> Mohsen Kalantar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy storage units can play an important role to provide an economic and secure operation of future energy systems. In this paper, a stochastic energy and reserve market clearing scheme is presented considering storage energy units. The approach is proposed to deal with stochastic and non-dispatchable renewable sources with a high level of penetration in the energy system. A two stage stochastic programming scheme is formulated where in the first stage the energy market is cleared according to the forecasted amount of wind generation and demands and in the second stage the real time market is solved according to the assumed scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20and%20reserve%20market" title="energy and reserve market">energy and reserve market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage%20device" title=" energy storage device"> energy storage device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20programming" title=" stochastic programming"> stochastic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20generation" title=" wind generation"> wind generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36215/stochastic-energy-and-reserve-scheduling-with-wind-generation-and-generic-energy-storage-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20014</span> Energy Consumption, Population and Economic Development Dynamics in Nigeria: An Empirical Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyn%20Nwamaka%20Ogbeide-Osaretin">Evelyn Nwamaka Ogbeide-Osaretin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bright%20Orhewere"> Bright Orhewere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the role of the population in the linkage between energy consumption and economic development in Nigeria. Time series data on energy consumption, population, and economic development were used for the period 1995 to 2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag -Error Correction Model (ARDL-ECM) was engaged. Economic development had a negative substantial impact on energy consumption in the long run. Population growth had a positive significant effect on energy consumption. Government expenditure was also found to impact the level of energy consumption, while energy consumption is not a function of oil price in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title="dynamic analysis">dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148993/energy-consumption-population-and-economic-development-dynamics-in-nigeria-an-empirical-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20013</span> Energy Planning Analysis of an Agritourism Complex Based on Energy Demand Simulation: A Case Study of Wuxi Yangshan Agritourism Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Zhu">Li Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binghua%20Wang"> Binghua Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Sun"> Yong Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China is experiencing the rural development process, with the agritourism complex becoming one of the significant modes. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the energy performance of agritourism complex. This study focuses on a typical case of the agritourism complex and simulates the energy consumption performance on condition of the regular energy system. It was found that HVAC took 90% of the whole energy demand range. In order to optimize the energy supply structure, the hierarchical analysis was carried out on the level of architecture with three main factors such as construction situation, building types and energy demand types. Finally, the energy planning suggestion of the agritourism complex was put forward and the relevant results were obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agritourism%20complex" title="agritourism complex">agritourism complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20planning" title=" energy planning"> energy planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20demand%20simulation" title=" energy demand simulation"> energy demand simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20structure%20model" title=" hierarchical structure model"> hierarchical structure model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103773/energy-planning-analysis-of-an-agritourism-complex-based-on-energy-demand-simulation-a-case-study-of-wuxi-yangshan-agritourism-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20012</span> Photovoltaic System: An Alternative to Energy Efficiency in a Residence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arsenio%20Jose%20Mindu">Arsenio Jose Mindu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concern to carry out a study related to Energy Efficiency arose based on the various debates in international television networks and not only, but also in several forums of national debates. The concept of Energy Efficiency is not yet widely disseminated and /or taken into account in terms of energy consumption, not only at the domestic level but also at the industrial level in Mozambique. In the context of the energy audit, the time during which each of the appliances is connected to the voltage source, the time during which they are in standby mode was recorded on a spreadsheet basis. Based on these data, daily and monthly consumption was calculated. In order to have more accurate information on the daily levels of daily consumption, the electricity consumption was read every hour of the day (from 5:00 am to 11:00 pm), since after 23:00 the energy consumption remains constant. For ten days. Based on the daily energy consumption and the maximum consumption power, the design of the photovoltaic system for the residence was made. With the implementation of the photovoltaic system in order to guarantee energy efficiency, there was a significant reduction in the use of electricity from the public grid, increasing from approximately 17 kwh per day to around 11 kwh, thus achieving an energy efficiency of 67.4 %. That is to say, there was a reduction not only in terms of the amount of energy consumed but also of the monthly expenses with electricity, having increased from around 2,500,00Mt (2,500 meticais) to around 800Mt per month. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title=" photovoltaic system"> photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20sector" title=" residential sector"> residential sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozambique" title=" Mozambique"> Mozambique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76399/photovoltaic-system-an-alternative-to-energy-efficiency-in-a-residence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20011</span> A Systems-Level Approach towards Transition to Electrical Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayuri%20Roy%20Choudhury">Mayuri Roy Choudhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepti%20Paul"> Deepti Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many states in the United States are aiming for high renewable energy targets by the year 2045. In order to achieve this goal, they must do transition to Electrical Vehicles (EVS). We first applied the Multi-Level perspective framework to describe the inter-disciplinary complexities associated with the transition to EVs. Thereafter we addressed these complexities by creating an inter-disciplinary policy framework that uses data science algorithms to create evidence-based policies in favor of EVs. Our policy framework uses a systems level approach as it addresses transitions to EVs from a technology, economic, business and social perspective. By Systems-Level we mean approaching a problem from a multi-disciplinary perspective. Our systems-level approach could be a beneficial decision-making tool to a diverse number of stakeholders such as engineers, entrepreneurs, researchers, and policymakers. In addition, it will add value to the literature of electrical vehicles, sustainable energy, energy economics, and management as well as efficient policymaking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition" title="transition">transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20vehicles" title=" electrical vehicles"> electrical vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems-level" title=" systems-level"> systems-level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithms" title=" algorithms"> algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139766/a-systems-level-approach-towards-transition-to-electrical-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20010</span> On the Optimization of a Decentralized Photovoltaic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaouche%20Khelil">Zaouche Khelil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Abdelaziz"> Talha Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berkouk%20El%20Madjid"> Berkouk El Madjid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a grid-tied photovoltaic system. The studied topology is structured around a seven-level inverter, supplying a non-linear load. A three-stage step-up DC/DC converter ensures DC-link balancing. The presented system allows the extraction of all the available photovoltaic power. This extracted energy feeds the local load; the surplus energy is injected into the electrical network. During poor weather conditions, where the photovoltaic panels cannot meet the energy needs of the load, the missing power is supplied by the electrical network. At the common connexion point, the network current shows excellent spectral performances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seven-level%20inverter" title="seven-level inverter">seven-level inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20DC%2FDC%20converter" title=" multi-level DC/DC converter"> multi-level DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20load" title=" non-linear load"> non-linear load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145558/on-the-optimization-of-a-decentralized-photovoltaic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20009</span> Ratio Energy and Protein of Dietary Based on Rice Straw Ammoniated on Productivity of Male Simenthal Cattle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mardiati%20Zain">Mardiati Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yetti%20Marlida"> Yetti Marlida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elihasridas%20Elihasridas"> Elihasridas Elihasridas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erpomen%20Erpomen"> Erpomen Erpomen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andri%20Andri"> Andri Andri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Livestock productivity is greatly influenced by the energy and protein balance in diet. This study aimed to determine the energy and protein balance of male Simenthal cattle diet with protein and energy levels. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) 2x3x3 factorial design. There are two factors namely A level of energy diet that is 65% and 70% TDN. Factor B is a protein level of diet used were 10, 12 and 14% and each treatment is repeated three times. The weight of Simenthal cattle used ranged between 240 - 300 kg. Diet consisted of ammoniated rice straw and concentrated with ratio 40:60. Concentrate consisted of palm kernel cake, rice brain, cassava, mineral, and urea. The variables measured were digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and fiber, dry matter intake, daily gain, feed efficiency and blood characteristic. Results: There was no interaction between protein and energy level of diet on the nutrients intake (DM intake, OM intake, CP intake), weight gain and efficiency (P < 0.01). There was an interaction between protein and energy level of diet on digestibility (DM, OM, CP and allantoin urine (P > 0.01) Nutrients intake decreases with increasing levels of energy and protein diet, while nutrient digestibility, Avarage daily gain and feed efficiency increases with increasing levels of energy and protein diet. Conclusions: The result can be concluded that the best treatment was A2B1 which is energy level 70% TDN and protein 10%, where are dry matter intake 7.66 kg/d, daily gain 1.25 kg/d, feed efficiency 16.12%, and dry matter and organic matter digestibility 64.08 and 69.42% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20and%20protein%20ratio" title="energy and protein ratio">energy and protein ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simenthal%20cattle" title=" simenthal cattle"> simenthal cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20straw%20ammoniated" title=" rice straw ammoniated"> rice straw ammoniated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestibility" title=" digestibility"> digestibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87342/ratio-energy-and-protein-of-dietary-based-on-rice-straw-ammoniated-on-productivity-of-male-simenthal-cattle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20008</span> Study on the Addition of Solar Generating and Energy Storage Units to a Power Distribution System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Costa">T. Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Narvaez"> D. Narvaez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Melo"> K. Melo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Villalva"> M. Villalva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Installation of micro-generators based on renewable energy in power distribution system has increased in recent years, with the main renewable sources being solar and wind. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, such micro-generators produce time-varying energy which does not correspond at certain times of the day to the peak energy consumption of end users. For this reason, the use of energy storage units next to the grid contributes to the proper leveling of the buses’ voltage level according to Brazilian energy quality standards. In this work, the effect of the addition of a photovoltaic solar generator and a store of energy in the busbar voltages of an electric system is analyzed. The consumption profile is defined as the average hourly use of appliances in a common residence, and the generation profile is defined as a function of the solar irradiation available in a locality. The power summation method is validated with analytical calculation and is used to calculate the modules and angles of the voltages in the buses of an electrical system based on the IEEE standard, at each hour of the day and with defined load and generation profiles. The results show that bus 5 presents the worst voltage level at the power consumption peaks and stabilizes at the appropriate range with the inclusion of the energy storage during the night time period. Solar generator maintains improvement of the voltage level during the period when it receives solar irradiation, having peaks of production during the 12 pm (without exceeding the appropriate maximum levels of tension). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title="energy storage">energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20distribution%20system" title=" power distribution system"> power distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20generator" title=" solar generator"> solar generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20level" title=" voltage level"> voltage level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101499/study-on-the-addition-of-solar-generating-and-energy-storage-units-to-a-power-distribution-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20007</span> Energy-Level Structure of a Confined Electron-Positron Pair in Nanostructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tokuei%20Sako">Tokuei Sako</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul-Antoine%20Hervieux"> Paul-Antoine Hervieux</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The energy-level structure of a pair of electron and positron confined in a quasi-one-dimensional nano-scale potential well has been investigated focusing on its trend in the small limit of confinement strength ω, namely, the Wigner molecular regime. An anisotropic Gaussian-type basis functions supplemented by high angular momentum functions as large as l = 19 has been used to obtain reliable full configuration interaction (FCI) wave functions. The resultant energy spectrum shows a band structure characterized by ω for the large ω regime whereas for the small ω regime it shows an energy-level pattern dominated by excitation into the in-phase motion of the two particles. The observed trend has been rationalized on the basis of the nodal patterns of the FCI wave functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20systems" title="confined systems">confined systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positron" title=" positron"> positron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20function" title=" wave function"> wave function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wigner%20molecule" title=" Wigner molecule"> Wigner molecule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4205/energy-level-structure-of-a-confined-electron-positron-pair-in-nanostructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20006</span> Investigation of Input Energy Efficiency in Corn (KSC704) Farming in Khoy City, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Hosseini">Nasser Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy cycle is one of the essential points in agricultural ecosystems all over the world. Corn is one of the important products in Khoy city. Knowing input energy level and evaluating output energy from farms to reduce energy and increase efficiency in farms is very important if one can reduce input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and labour force. In addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a significant role in preserving farm ecosystem from pollution and wrecker factors. For this reason, energy balance sheet in corn farms as well as input and output energy in 2012-2013 were researched by distributing a questionnaire among farmers in various villages in Khoy city. Then, the input energy amount into farms via energy-consuming factors, mentioned above, with regard to special coefficients was computed. Energy was computed on the basis of seed corn function, chemical compound and its content as well. In this investigation, we evaluated the level of stored energy 10792831 kcal per hectare. We found out that the greatest part of energy depended on irrigation which has 5136141.8 kcal and nitrate fertilizer energy with 2509760 kcal and the lowest part of energy depended on phosphor fertilizer, the rate of posited energy equaled 36362500 kcal and energy efficiency on the basis of seed corn function were estimated as 3.36. We found some ways to reduce consumptive energy in farm and nitrate fertilizer and, on the other hand, to increase balance sheet. They are, to name a few, using alternative farming and potherbs for biological stabilizing of nitrogen and changing kind of fertilizers such as urea fertilizer with sulphur cover, and using new generation of irrigation, the compound of water super absorbent like colored hydrogels and using natural fertilizer to preserve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20%28KSC704%29" title="corn (KSC704)">corn (KSC704)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output%20and%20input" title=" output and input"> output and input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khoy%20city" title=" Khoy city "> Khoy city </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11206/investigation-of-input-energy-efficiency-in-corn-ksc704-farming-in-khoy-city-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20005</span> Operation Strategy of Multi-Energy Storage System Considering Power System Reliability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wook-Won%20Kim">Wook-Won Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Je-Seok%20Shin"> Je-Seok Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-O%20Kim"> Jin-O Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the penetration of Energy Storage System (ESS) increases in the power system due to higher performance and lower cost than ever, ESS is expanding its role to the ancillary service as well as the storage of extra energy from the intermittent renewable energy resources. For multi-ESS with different capacity and SOC level each other, it is required to make the optimal schedule of SOC level use the multi-ESS effectively. This paper proposes the energy allocation method for the multiple battery ESS with reliability constraint, in order to make the ESS discharge the required energy as long as possible. A simple but effective method is proposed in this paper, to satisfy the power for the spinning reserve requirement while improving the system reliability. Modelling of ESS is also proposed, and reliability is evaluated by using the combined reliability model which includes the proposed ESS model and conventional generation one. In the case study, it can be observed that the required power is distributed to each ESS adequately and accordingly, the SOC is scheduled to improve the reliability indices such as Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20energy%20storage%20system%20%28MESS%29" title="multiple energy storage system (MESS)">multiple energy storage system (MESS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20allocation%20method" title=" energy allocation method"> energy allocation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOC%20schedule" title=" SOC schedule"> SOC schedule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20constraints" title=" reliability constraints"> reliability constraints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48673/operation-strategy-of-multi-energy-storage-system-considering-power-system-reliability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20004</span> Energy Initiatives for Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Beril%20Tugrul">A.Beril Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selahattin%20Cimen"> Selahattin Cimen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dependency of humanity on the energy is ever-increasing today and the energy policies are reaching undeniable and un-ignorable dimensions steering the political events as well. Therefore, energy has the highest priority for Turkey like any other country. In this study, the energy supply security for Turkey evaluated according to the strategic criteria of energy policy. Under these circumstances, different alternatives are described and assessed with in terms of the energy expansion of Turkey. With this study, different opportunities in the energy expansion of Turkey is clarified and emphasized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title="energy policy">energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20strategy" title=" energy strategy"> energy strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20projection" title=" future projection"> future projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey "> Turkey </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2137/energy-initiatives-for-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20003</span> Energy Intensity: A Case of Indian Manufacturing Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Soni">Archana Soni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Mittal"> Arvind Mittal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manmohan%20Kapshe"> Manmohan Kapshe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy has been recognized as one of the key inputs for the economic growth and social development of a country. High economic growth naturally means a high level of energy consumption. However, in the present energy scenario where there is a wide gap between the energy generation and energy consumption, it is extremely difficult to match the demand with the supply. India being one of the largest and rapidly growing developing countries, there is an impending energy crisis which requires immediate measures to be adopted. In this situation, the concept of Energy Intensity comes under special focus to ensure energy security in an environmentally sustainable way. Energy Intensity is defined as the energy consumed per unit output in the context of industrial energy practices. It is a key determinant of the projections of future energy demands which assists in policy making. Energy Intensity is inversely related to energy efficiency; lesser the energy required to produce a unit of output or service, the greater is the energy efficiency. Energy Intensity of Indian manufacturing industries is among the highest in the world and stands for enormous energy consumption. Hence, reducing the Energy Intensity of Indian manufacturing industries is one of the best strategies to achieve a low level of energy consumption and conserve energy. This study attempts to analyse the factors which influence the Energy Intensity of Indian manufacturing firms and how they can be used to reduce the Energy Intensity. The paper considers six of the largest energy consuming manufacturing industries in India viz. Aluminium, Cement, Iron & Steel Industries, Textile Industries, Fertilizer and Paper industries and conducts a detailed Energy Intensity analysis using the data from PROWESS database of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). A total of twelve independent explanatory variables based on various factors such as raw material, labour, machinery, repair and maintenance, production technology, outsourcing, research and development, number of employees, wages paid, profit margin and capital invested have been taken into consideration for the analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20intensity" title="energy intensity">energy intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explanatory%20variables" title=" explanatory variables"> explanatory variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20industries" title=" manufacturing industries"> manufacturing industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PROWESS%20database" title=" PROWESS database "> PROWESS database </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58703/energy-intensity-a-case-of-indian-manufacturing-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20002</span> Finite Time Blow-Up and Global Solutions for a Semilinear Parabolic Equation with Linear Dynamical Boundary Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Runzhang">Xu Runzhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yanbing"> Yang Yanbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niu%20Yi"> Niu Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Mingyou"> Zhang Mingyou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Yu"> Liu Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For a class of semilinear parabolic equations with linear dynamical boundary conditions in a bounded domain, we obtain both global solutions and finite time blow-up solutions when the initial data varies in the phase space H1(Ω). Our main tools are the comparison principle, the potential well method and the concavity method. In particular, we discuss the behavior of the solutions with the initial data at critical and high energy level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20energy%20level" title="high energy level">high energy level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20energy%20level" title=" critical energy level"> critical energy level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20dynamical%20boundary%20condition" title=" linear dynamical boundary condition"> linear dynamical boundary condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semilinear%20parabolic%20equation" title=" semilinear parabolic equation"> semilinear parabolic equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24012/finite-time-blow-up-and-global-solutions-for-a-semilinear-parabolic-equation-with-linear-dynamical-boundary-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20001</span> Geographic Information System for District Level Energy Performance Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avichal%20Malhotra">Avichal Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerome%20Frisch"> Jerome Frisch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20van%20Treeck"> Christoph van Treeck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The utilization of semantic, cadastral and topological data from geographic information systems (GIS) has exponentially increased for building and urban-scale energy performance simulations. Urban planners, simulation scientists, and researchers use virtual 3D city models for energy analysis, algorithms and simulation tools. For dynamic energy simulations at city and district level, this paper provides an overview of the available GIS data models and their levels of detail. Adhering to different norms and standards, these models also intend to describe building and construction industry data. For further investigations, CityGML data models are considered for simulations. Though geographical information modelling has considerably many different implementations, extensions of virtual city data can also be made for domain specific applications. Highlighting the use of the extended CityGML models for energy researches, a brief introduction to the Energy Application Domain Extension (ADE) along with its significance is made. Consequently, addressing specific input simulation data, a workflow using Modelica underlining the usage of GIS information and the quantification of its significance over annual heating energy demand is presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CityGML" title="CityGML">CityGML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EnergyADE" title=" EnergyADE"> EnergyADE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20performance%20simulation" title=" energy performance simulation"> energy performance simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107577/geographic-information-system-for-district-level-energy-performance-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20000</span> Role of Collaborative Cultural Model to Step on Cleaner Energy: A Case of Kathmandu City Core</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bindu%20Shrestha">Bindu Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudarshan%20R.%20Tiwari"> Sudarshan R. Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushil%20B.%20Bajracharya"> Sushil B. Bajracharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban household cooking fuel choice is highly influenced by human behavior and energy culture parameters such as cognitive norms, material culture and practices. Although these parameters have a leading role in Kathmandu for cleaner households, they are not incorporated in the city’s energy policy. This paper aims to identify trade-offs to transform resident behavior in cooking pattern towards cleaner technology from the questionnaire survey, observation, mapping, interview, and quantitative analysis. The analysis recommends implementing a Collaborative Cultural Model (CCM) for changing impact on the neighborhood from the policy level. The results showed that each household produces 439.56 kg of carbon emission each year and 20 percent used unclean technology due to low-income level. Residents who used liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as their cooking fuel suffered from an energy crisis every year that has created fuel hoarding, which ultimately creates more energy demand and carbon exposure. In conclusion, the carbon emission can be reduced by improving the residents’ energy consumption culture. It recommended the city to use holistic action of changing habits as soft power of collaboration in two-way participation approach within residents, private sectors, and government to change their energy culture and behavior in policy level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption%20pattern" title="energy consumption pattern">energy consumption pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20cultural%20model" title=" collaborative cultural model"> collaborative cultural model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20culture" title=" energy culture"> energy culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20stacking" title=" fuel stacking"> fuel stacking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96114/role-of-collaborative-cultural-model-to-step-on-cleaner-energy-a-case-of-kathmandu-city-core" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19999</span> Optimization of Energy Consumption with Various Design Parameters on Office Buildings in Chinese Severe Cold Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuang%20Guo">Yuang Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewancker%20Bart"> Dewancker Bart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary energy consumption of buildings throughout China was approximately 814 million tons of coal equivalents in 2014, which accounts for 19.12% of China's total primary energy consumption. Also, the energy consumption of public buildings takes a bigger share than urban residential buildings and rural residential buildings among the total energy consumption. To improve the level of energy demand, various design parameters were chosen. Meanwhile, a series of simulations by Energy Plus (EP-Launch) is performed using a base case model established in Open Studio. Through the results, 16%-23% of total energy demand reductions can be found in the severe cold zone of China, and it can also provide a reference for the architectural design of other similar climate zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20parameters" title=" design parameters"> design parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20thermal%20comfort" title=" indoor thermal comfort"> indoor thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20study" title=" simulation study"> simulation study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=severe%20cold%20climate%20zone" title=" severe cold climate zone"> severe cold climate zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115217/optimization-of-energy-consumption-with-various-design-parameters-on-office-buildings-in-chinese-severe-cold-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20level&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20level&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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