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Sutton</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: C. E. Sutton"> <meta name="keywords" content="C. E. Sutton"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="C. 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E. Sutton"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: C. E. Sutton</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Optimisation of Salt Impregnated Matrices as Potential Thermochemical Storage Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20J.%20Sutton">Robert J. Sutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jon%20Elvins"> Jon Elvins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Casey"> Sean Casey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eifion%20Jewell"> Eifion Jewell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20R.%20Searle"> Justin R. Searle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermochemical storage utilises chemical salts which store and release energy a fully reversible endo/exothermic chemical reaction. Highly porous vermiculite impregnated with CaCl2, LiNO3 and MgSO4 (SIMs – Salt In Matrices) are proposed as potential materials for long-term thermochemical storage. The behavior of these materials during typical hydration and dehydration cycles is investigated. A simple moisture experiment represents the hydration, whilst thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) represents the dehydration. Further experiments to approximate the energy density and to determine the peak output temperatures of the SIMs are conducted. The CaCl2 SIM is deemed the best performing SIM across most experiments, whilst the results of MgSO4 SIM indicate difficulty associated with energy recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrated%20states" title="hydrated states">hydrated states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-seasonal%20heat%20storage" title=" inter-seasonal heat storage"> inter-seasonal heat storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20sorption" title=" moisture sorption"> moisture sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20in%20matrix" title=" salt in matrix"> salt in matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28423/the-optimisation-of-salt-impregnated-matrices-as-potential-thermochemical-storage-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Air Dispersion Modeling for Prediction of Accidental Emission in the Atmosphere along Northern Coast of Egypt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Osman">Moustafa Osman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modeling of air pollutants from the accidental release is performed for quantifying the impact of industrial facilities into the ambient air. The mathematical methods are requiring for the prediction of the accidental scenario in probability of failure-safe mode and analysis consequences to quantify the environmental damage upon human health. The initial statement of mitigation plan is supporting implementation during production and maintenance periods. In a number of mathematical methods, the flow rate at which gaseous and liquid pollutants might be accidentally released is determined from various types in term of point, line and area sources. These emissions are integrated meteorological conditions in simplified stability parameters to compare dispersion coefficients from non-continuous air pollution plumes. The differences are reflected in concentrations levels and greenhouse effect to transport the parcel load in both urban and rural areas. This research reveals that the elevation effect nearby buildings with other structure is higher 5 times more than open terrains. These results are agreed with Sutton suggestion for dispersion coefficients in different stability classes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollutants" title="air pollutants">air pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20modeling" title=" dispersion modeling"> dispersion modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20effect" title=" health effect"> health effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5517/air-dispersion-modeling-for-prediction-of-accidental-emission-in-the-atmosphere-along-northern-coast-of-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Different Tools and Complex Approach for Improving Phytoremediation Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Varazi">T. Varazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pruidze"> M. Pruidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kurashvili"> M. Kurashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Gagelidze"> N. Gagelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sutton"> M. Sutton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The complex phytoremediation approach given in the presented work implies joint application of natural sorbents, microorganisms, natural biosurfactants and plants. The approach is based on using the natural mineral composites, microorganism strains with high detoxification abilities, plants-phytoremediators and natural biosurfactants for enhancing the uptake of intermediates of pollutants by plant roots. In this complex strategy of phytoremediation technology, the sorbent serves to uptake and trap the pollutants and thus restrain their emission in the environment. The role of microorganisms is to accomplish the first stage biodegradation of organic contaminants. This is followed by application of a phytoremediation technology through purposeful planting of selected plants. Thus, using of different tools will provide restoration of polluted environment and prevention of toxic compounds’ dissemination from hotbeds of pollution for a considerable length of time. The main idea and novelty of the carried out work is the development of a new approach for the ecological safety. The wide spectrum of contaminants: Organochlorine pesticide – DDT, heavy metal –Cu, oil hydrocarbon (hexadecane) and wax have been used in this work. The presented complex biotechnology is important from the viewpoint of prevention, providing total rehabilitation of soil. It is unique to chemical pollutants, ecologically friendly and provides the control of erosion of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title="bioremediation">bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutants" title=" pollutants"> pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20contamination" title=" soil contamination"> soil contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28936/different-tools-and-complex-approach-for-improving-phytoremediation-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> How Influencers Influence: The Effects of Social Media Influencers Influence on Purchase Intention and the Differences among Generation X and Millennials </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samatha%20Ss%20Sutton">Samatha Ss Sutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaouther%20%20Kooli"> Kaouther Kooli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years social media influences (SMI) have become integrated into many companies marketing strategies to create buzz, target new and younger markets and further expand social media coverage in business (Lim et al 2017). SMI’s can be defined as online personalities with a substantial number of followers, across one or more social media platforms, with influence on their followers (Lou and Yuan 2018). Recently expenditure on influencer marketing has increased exponentially becoming an important area for marketing opportunities and strategies in the future (Lou and Yuan 2018). In order to market products and brands effectively through SMI’s it is important for business to understand the attributes of SMI that effect purchase intention (Lim et al 2017) of their followers and whether or not these attributes vary across generations so to market effectively to their specific segment or target market. The present study involves quantitative research to understand the attributes by which influence differs across generations namely Generation X and Millennials and its effects on purchase intentions of these generational groups. A survey will be conducted using an online questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling and Multi group analysis will be applied. The study provides insight to marketers/decision makers on how to use influencers accordingly with their target consumer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20marketing" title="social media marketing">social media marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20influencers" title=" social media influencers"> social media influencers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude%20towards%20social%20media%20influencers" title=" attitude towards social media influencers"> attitude towards social media influencers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention%20to%20purchase" title=" intention to purchase"> intention to purchase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121334/how-influencers-influence-the-effects-of-social-media-influencers-influence-on-purchase-intention-and-the-differences-among-generation-x-and-millennials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Fatigue Life Evaluation of Al6061/Al2O3 and Al6061/SiC Composites under Uniaxial and Multiaxial Loading Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20E.%20Sutton">C. E. Sutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Varvani-Farahani"> A. Varvani-Farahani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatigue damage and life prediction of particle metal matrix composites (PMMCs) under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions were investigated. Three PMM composite materials of Al6061/Al2O3/20p-T6, Al6061/Al2O3/22p-T6 and Al6061/SiC/17w-T6 tested under tensile, torsion, and combined tension-torsion fatigue cycling were evaluated with various fatigue damage models. The fatigue damage models of Smith-Watson-Topper (S. W. T.), Ellyin, Brown-Miller, Fatemi-Socie, and Varvani were compared for their capability to assess the fatigue damage of materials undergoing various loading conditions. Fatigue life predication results were then evaluated by implementing material-dependent coefficients that factored in the effects of the particle reinforcement in the earlier developed Varvani model. The critical plane-energy approach incorporated the critical plane as the plane of crack initiation and early stage of crack growth. The strain energy density was calculated on the critical plane incorporating stress and strain components acting on the plane. This approach successfully evaluated fatigue damage values versus fatigue lives within a narrower band for both uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions as compared with other damage approaches studied in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20damage" title="fatigue damage">fatigue damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20prediction" title=" life prediction"> life prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20plane%20approach" title=" critical plane approach"> critical plane approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20approach" title=" energy approach"> energy approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMM%20composites" title=" PMM composites"> PMM composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18743/fatigue-life-evaluation-of-al6061al2o3-and-al6061sic-composites-under-uniaxial-and-multiaxial-loading-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Soil Salinity from Wastewater Irrigation in Urban Greenery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Nouri">H. Nouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chavoshi%20Borujeni"> S. Chavoshi Borujeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Anderson"> S. Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Beecham"> S. Beecham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sutton"> P. Sutton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential risk of salt leaching through wastewater irrigation is of concern for most local governments and city councils. Despite the necessity of salinity monitoring and management in urban greenery, most attention has been on agricultural fields. This study was defined to investigate the capability and feasibility of monitoring and predicting soil salinity using near sensing and remote sensing approaches using EM38 surveys, and high-resolution multispectral image of WorldView3. Veale Gardens within the Adelaide Parklands was selected as the experimental site. The results of the near sensing investigation were validated by testing soil salinity samples in the laboratory. Over 30 band combinations forming salinity indices were tested using image processing techniques. The outcomes of the remote sensing and near sensing approaches were compared to examine whether remotely sensed salinity indicators could map and predict the spatial variation of soil salinity through a potential statistical model. Statistical analysis was undertaken using the Stata 13 statistical package on over 52,000 points. Several regression models were fitted to the data, and the mixed effect modelling was selected the most appropriate one as it takes to account the systematic observation-specific unobserved heterogeneity. Results showed that SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) was the only salinity index that could be considered as a predictor for soil salinity but further investigation is needed. However, near sensing was found as a rapid, practical and realistically accurate approach for salinity mapping of heterogeneous urban vegetation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WorldView3" title="WorldView3">WorldView3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM38" title=" EM38"> EM38</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near%20sensing" title=" near sensing"> near sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20spaces" title=" urban green spaces"> urban green spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20smart%20cities" title=" green smart cities "> green smart cities </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87218/soil-salinity-from-wastewater-irrigation-in-urban-greenery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> A Model for Language Intervention: Toys & Picture-Books as Early Pedagogical Props for the Transmission of Lazuri </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peri%20Ozlem%20Yuksel-Sokmen">Peri Ozlem Yuksel-Sokmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Cagtay"> Irfan Cagtay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oral languages are destined to disappear rapidly in the absence of interventions aimed at encouraging their usage by young children. The seminal language preservation model proposed by Fishman (1991) stresses the importance of multiple generations using the endangered L1 while engaged in daily routines with younger children. Over the last two decades Fishman (2001) has used his intergenerational transmission model in documenting the revitalization of Basque languages, providing evidence that families are transmitting Euskara as a first language to their children with success. In our study, to motivate usage of Lazuri, we asked caregivers to speak the language while engaged with their toddlers (12 to 48 months) in semi-structured play, and included both parents (N=32) and grandparents (N=30) as play partners. This unnatural prompting to speak only in Lazuri was greeted with reluctance, as 90% of our families indicated that they had stopped using Lazuri with their children. Nevertheless, caregivers followed instructions and produced 67% of their utterances in Lazuri, with another 14% of utterances using a combination of Lazuri and Turkish (Codeswitch). Although children spoke mostly in Turkish (83% of utterances), frequencies of caregiver utterances in Lazuri or Codeswitch predicted the extent to which their children used the minority language in return. This trend suggests that home interventions aimed at encouraging dyads to communicate in a non-preferred, endangered language can effectively increase children’s usage of the language. Alternatively, this result suggests than any use of the minority language on the part of the children will promote its further usage by caregivers. For researchers examining links between play, culture, and child development, structured play has emerged as a critical methodology (e.g., Frost, Wortham, Reifel, 2007, Lilliard et al., 2012; Sutton-Smith, 1986; Gaskins & Miller, 2009), allowing investigation of cultural and individual variation in parenting styles, as well as the role of culture in constraining the affordances of toys. Toy props, as well as picture-books in native languages, can be used as tools in the transmission and preservation of endangered languages by allowing children to explore adult roles through enactment of social routines and conversational patterns modeled by caregivers. Through adult-guided play children not only acquire scripts for culturally significant activities, but also develop skills in expressing themselves in culturally relevant ways that may continue to develop over their lives through community engagement. Further pedagogical tools, such as language games and e-learning, will be discussed in this proposed oral talk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20intervention" title="language intervention">language intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogical%20tools" title=" pedagogical tools"> pedagogical tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endangered%20languages" title=" endangered languages"> endangered languages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazuri" title=" Lazuri"> Lazuri</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13949/a-model-for-language-intervention-toys-picture-books-as-early-pedagogical-props-for-the-transmission-of-lazuri" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Full Characterization of Heterogeneous Antibody Samples under Denaturing and Native Conditions on a Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rowan%20Moore">Rowan Moore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Scheffler"> Kai Scheffler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugen%20Damoc"> Eugen Damoc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Sutton"> Jennifer Sutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Bailey"> Aaron Bailey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephane%20Houel"> Stephane Houel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Cubbon"> Simon Cubbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Josephs"> Jonathan Josephs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: MS analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at the protein and peptide levels is critical during development and production of biopharmaceuticals. The compositions of current generation therapeutic proteins are often complex due to various modifications which may affect efficacy. Intact proteins analyzed by MS are detected in higher charge states that also provide more complexity in mass spectra. Protein analysis in native or native-like conditions with zero or minimal organic solvent and neutral or weakly acidic pH decreases charge state value resulting in mAb detection at higher m/z ranges with more spatial resolution. Methods: Three commercially available mAbs were used for all experiments. Intact proteins were desalted online using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) or reversed phase chromatography coupled on-line with a mass spectrometer. For streamlined use of the LC- MS platform we used a single SEC column and alternately selected specific mobile phases to perform separations in either denaturing or native-like conditions: buffer A (20 % ACN, 0.1 % FA) with Buffer B (100 mM ammonium acetate). For peptide analysis mAbs were proteolytically digested with and without prior reduction and alkylation. The mass spectrometer used for all experiments was a commercially available Thermo Scientific™ hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer, equipped with the new BioPharma option which includes a new High Mass Range (HMR) mode that allows for improved high mass transmission and mass detection up to 8000 m/z. Results: We have analyzed the profiles of three mAbs under reducing and native conditions by direct infusion with offline desalting and with on-line desalting via size exclusion and reversed phase type columns. The presence of high salt under denaturing conditions was found to influence the observed charge state envelope and impact mass accuracy after spectral deconvolution. The significantly lower charge states observed under native conditions improves the spatial resolution of protein signals and has significant benefits for the analysis of antibody mixtures, e.g. lysine variants, degradants or sequence variants. This type of analysis requires the detection of masses beyond the standard mass range ranging up to 6000 m/z requiring the extended capabilities available in the new HMR mode. We have compared each antibody sample that was analyzed individually with mixtures in various relative concentrations. For this type of analysis, we observed that apparent native structures persist and ESI is benefited by the addition of low amounts of acetonitrile and formic acid in combination with the ammonium acetate-buffered mobile phase. For analyses on the peptide level we analyzed reduced/alkylated, and non-reduced proteolytic digests of the individual antibodies separated via reversed phase chromatography aiming to retrieve as much information as possible regarding sequence coverage, disulfide bridges, post-translational modifications such as various glycans, sequence variants, and their relative quantification. All data acquired were submitted to a single software package for analysis aiming to obtain a complete picture of the molecules analyzed. Here we demonstrate the capabilities of the mass spectrometer to fully characterize homogeneous and heterogeneous therapeutic proteins on one single platform. Conclusion: Full characterization of heterogeneous intact protein mixtures by improved mass separation on a quadrupole-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer with extended capabilities has been demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disulfide%20bond%20analysis" title="disulfide bond analysis">disulfide bond analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intact%20analysis" title=" intact analysis"> intact analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=native%20analysis" title=" native analysis"> native analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title=" mass spectrometry"> mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoclonal%20antibodies" title=" monoclonal antibodies"> monoclonal antibodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peptide%20mapping" title=" peptide mapping"> peptide mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-translational%20modifications" title=" post-translational modifications"> post-translational modifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequence%20variants" title=" sequence variants"> sequence variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20exclusion%20chromatography" title=" size exclusion chromatography"> size exclusion chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapeutic%20protein%20analysis" title=" therapeutic protein analysis"> therapeutic protein analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHPLC" title=" UHPLC"> UHPLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63438/full-characterization-of-heterogeneous-antibody-samples-under-denaturing-and-native-conditions-on-a-hybrid-quadrupole-orbitrap-mass-spectrometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> 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