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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American academic</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HOTCHISS,_W.O._LCCN2016859852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HOTCHISS%2C_W.O._LCCN2016859852.jpg/220px-HOTCHISS%2C_W.O._LCCN2016859852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HOTCHISS%2C_W.O._LCCN2016859852.jpg/330px-HOTCHISS%2C_W.O._LCCN2016859852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HOTCHISS%2C_W.O._LCCN2016859852.jpg/440px-HOTCHISS%2C_W.O._LCCN2016859852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8148" data-file-height="10296" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>William Otis Hotchkiss</b> (September 17, 1878 – June 20, 1954) was the third president of <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Technological_University" title="Michigan Technological University">Michigan Technological University</a> and the tenth president of <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DiMQl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DiMQl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_O._Hotchkiss&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">Eau Claire, Wisconsin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on September 17, 1878. He earned a geology degree in 1903, a <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a> degree in 1908 and a <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> in 1916, all from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RPIPresident_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPIPresident-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served as state geologist in Wisconsin from 1909 to 1925. He wrote publications including <i>Rural Highways of Wisconsin</i>, <i>Limestone Road Materials of Wisconsin</i>, and <i>Geological and Road Map of Wisconsin</i> and served on several state and federal geology committees, as well as president of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_American_State_Geologists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of American State Geologists (page does not exist)">Association of American State Geologists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-D8E7D_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D8E7D-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wisconsin state highway commission was created during his tenure and he served on it between 1911 and 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, he was appointed president of the Michigan Mining School. During his tenure, the school added programs in chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical engineering and a program in forestry.<sup id="cite_ref-IdvME_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IdvME-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, the school changed its name to the Michigan College of Mining and Technology and is now known as Michigan Technological University.<sup id="cite_ref-UGaVi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UGaVi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, he was appointed president of Rensselaer. In 1943, he retired at the age of 65 but remained president emeritus.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on June 20, 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_O._Hotchkiss&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DiMQl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DiMQl_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1935/06/17/archives/dr-hotchkiss-named-president-of-rpi-head-of-college-in-michigan-to.html">"Dr. Hotchkiss Named President of R.P.I.; Head of College in Michigan to Succeed Dr. Ricketts, Who Died in December"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. June 17, 1935<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+in+the+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Hotchkiss+Named+President+of+R.P.I.%3B+Head+of+College+in+Michigan+to+Succeed+Dr.+Ricketts%2C+Who+Died+in+December.&rft.date=1935-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1935%2F06%2F17%2Farchives%2Fdr-hotchkiss-named-president-of-rpi-head-of-college-in-michigan-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+O.+Hotchkiss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5425246/william_o_hotchkiss_18781954/">"Dr. William Hotchkiss"</a>. <i>Janesville Daily Gazette</i>. June 22, 1954. p. 13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2016</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Janesville+Daily+Gazette&rft.atitle=Dr.+William+Hotchkiss&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1954-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F5425246%2Fwilliam_o_hotchkiss_18781954%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+O.+Hotchkiss" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RPIPresident-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RPIPresident_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rpi.edu/dept/library/html/Archives/history/presidents/hotchkiss,wo.html">William O. Hotchkiss</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D8E7D-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D8E7D_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwex.edu/wgnhs/meohis2.htm">History of the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey: Part 2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Takes R.P.I. Post Tuesday", <i>New York Times</i>, September 1, 1935</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IdvME-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IdvME_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtu.edu/mtuinfo/history.html">MichiganTech History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UGaVi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UGaVi_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.mtu.edu/urel/magazine/dec05/archives.html">Michigan Tech Magazine, December 2005</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_W._McNair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred W. McNair (page does not exist)">Fred W. McNair</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/University_President" class="mw-redirect" title="University President">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Technological_University" title="Michigan Technological University">Michigan Technological University</a> </b><br />1925 – 1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Grover_C._Dillman" title="Grover C. Dillman">Grover C. Dillman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Palmer_C._Ricketts" title="Palmer C. Ricketts">Palmer C. Ricketts</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/University_President" class="mw-redirect" title="University President">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a> </b><br />1935 – 1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Livingston_W._Houston" title="Livingston W. Houston">Livingston W. Houston</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of presidents of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (page does not exist)"><span style="color:white;"><b>Presidents of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</b></span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Blatchford_(university_president)" title="Samuel Blatchford (university president)">Blatchford</a> (1824–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chester_(university_president)" title="John Chester (university president)">Chester</a> (1828–29)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Nott" title="Eliphalet Nott">Nott</a> (1829–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_S.S._Beman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan S.S. Beman">Beman</a> (1845–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Winslow" title="John F. Winslow">Winslow</a> (1865–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Brinsmade" title="Thomas C. Brinsmade">Brinsmade</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Forsyth_(college_president)" title="James Forsyth (college president)">Forsyth</a> (1868–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gurley" title="William Gurley">Gurley</a> (acting, 1886–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Powers" title="Albert E. Powers">Powers</a> (acting, 1887–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Peck" title="John H. Peck">Peck</a> (1888–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_C._Ricketts" title="Palmer C. Ricketts">Ricketts</a> (1901–34)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hotchkiss</a> (1935–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_W._Houston" title="Livingston W. Houston">Houston</a> (1943–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Folsom" title="Richard G. Folsom">Folsom</a> (1958–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Grosh" title="Richard J. Grosh">Grosh</a> (1971–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">Low</a> (1976–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Berg_(educator)" title="Daniel Berg (educator)">Berg</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_I._Landgraf" title="Stanley I. Landgraf">Landgraf</a> (acting, 1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_W._Schmitt" title="Roland W. Schmitt">Schmitt</a> (1988–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Byron_Pipes" title="R. Byron Pipes">Pipes</a> (1993–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_J._Barton" title="Cornelius J. Barton">Barton</a> (1998–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Jackson</a> (1999–2022)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Martin_A._Schmidt" title="Martin A. Schmidt">Schmidt</a></b> (2022– )</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016278#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016278#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8016278#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008362883X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/20465149">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1471993/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyMfDgHD7ftpBw4dw9CcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117729922">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85336786">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6001679">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277501205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117729922.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/07648792X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63f5m4c">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Biography icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/45px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biography of an American academic administrator born in 1870–1879 is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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