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Servicios de software en Costa Rica representan el 1,3% de la producción local</h1><h2 class="c-heading b-subheadline">En 10 años, efecto del sector en economía tica creció 1,03%</h2><section class="horizontal-grid-chain"><div class="horizontal-grid-chain__container"><div></div><div id="textToAudioBtn" style="visibility:visible" class="texttoaudiobtn"><style>.ra-button {padding: .3em .9em; border-radius: .25em; background: linear-gradient(#fff, #efefef); box-shadow: 0 1px .2em gray; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; cursor: pointer;margin-bottom: 9px;margin-left:4px;} .ra-button img {height: 1em; margin: 0 .5em 0 0;width: 1em;}</style> <div id="ra-player" data-skin="https://assets.readaloudwidget.com/embed/skins/default"><div class="ra-button" onclick="readAloud(document.getElementById('ra-audio'), document.getElementById('ra-player'))"><img src="https://www.nacion.com/gnfactory/especiales/2023/headphones-1.svg" alt="Escuchar"/ height="1em;" width="1em;">Escuchar</div></div> 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class="c-date b-date" dateTime="2013-12-15T06:16:00Z">15 de diciembre 2013, 12:16 a. m.</time><div class="default__StyledContainer-sc-72shb9-0 emEAQo"><div id="piano-inline-register"></div></div><article class="default__ArticleBody-sc-oqc75h-2 gJstQE article-body-wrapper"><figure class="c-media-item article-body-image-container"><picture style="padding-bottom:75.00%;height:0;overflow:hidden;display:block"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/6A2YIIDRAJFUNFAWDMAWB4D6MY.jpg?smart=true&auth=55f00cb044c85a1bd931f386c875862fab098bff7ad70efcecad40e87b62fdf3&width=600&height=450" srcSet="https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/6A2YIIDRAJFUNFAWDMAWB4D6MY.jpg?smart=true&auth=55f00cb044c85a1bd931f386c875862fab098bff7ad70efcecad40e87b62fdf3&width=768&height=576 768w, https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/6A2YIIDRAJFUNFAWDMAWB4D6MY.jpg?smart=true&auth=55f00cb044c85a1bd931f386c875862fab098bff7ad70efcecad40e87b62fdf3&width=1024&height=768 1024w, https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/6A2YIIDRAJFUNFAWDMAWB4D6MY.jpg?smart=true&auth=55f00cb044c85a1bd931f386c875862fab098bff7ad70efcecad40e87b62fdf3&width=1440&height=1080 1440w" width="600" height="450"/></picture><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">software </span></figcaption></figure><div id="inline-container" class="default__DivComponent-sc-oqc75h-3 hjNyME"></div><div class="skeleton-loader post"><div class="left-col"><div class="avatar"><span class="avatar-skeleton" aria-live="polite" aria-busy="true"><span class="react-loading-skeleton" style="height:100%">‌</span><br/></span></div><div class="user-name"><span class="avatar-skeleton" aria-live="polite" aria-busy="true"><span class="react-loading-skeleton" style="height:60%">‌</span><br/></span></div></div><div class="right-col"><h3><span aria-live="polite" aria-busy="true"><span class="react-loading-skeleton">‌</span><br/></span></h3><p><span aria-live="polite" aria-busy="true"><span class="react-loading-skeleton" style="width:90%;height:25px">‌</span><br/><span class="react-loading-skeleton" style="width:90%;height:25px">‌</span><br/></span></p><p><span aria-live="polite" aria-busy="true"><span class="react-loading-skeleton" style="width:80%;height:25px">‌</span><br/></span></p><p><span aria-live="polite" aria-busy="true"><span class="react-loading-skeleton">‌</span><br/></span></p></div></div><div class="default__DivComponent-sc-oqc75h-3 hjNyME article-body-wrapper__styled" style="display:block;height:172px;opacity:0;user-select:none;visibility:hidden"><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Hoy día, la economía de Costa Rica genera más servicios de <i>software</i> (como paquetes informáticos, <i>apps </i> y animaciones digitales) que exportaciones de café.</p><div class="default__StyledContainer-sc-72shb9-0 emEAQo"><div id="piano-inline"></div></div><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">El crecimiento de este sector, basado en el conocimiento, ha sido constante y exponencial en los últimos 10 años y con altos grados de sofisticación tecnológica. A futuro, su potencial es elevado en un mundo que se puebla de sensores y dispositivos móviles.</p><div id="gnad-feature-billboard1" class="default__StyledAdUnit-sc-1dqdtve-0 MfTzR dfp-container con-padding-movil" data-width="728" data-height="90"><div class="gnad-container vertical-centered"><div data-test-id="adslot-billboard1" id="gnad-f0fRoI72FJbn6x3-97d7c1f553d4f" class="gnad ad-billboard1 ad-90 ad-mobile" style="width:auto;height:90px"></div></div></div><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">En el 2002, el sector vinculado a los servicios de <i>software</i> aportaba un 0,28% al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), según cifras del Banco Central. Una década después, el peso de este sector en la producción local equivale a un 1,31% del PIB; es decir, ¢21.808,32 millones.</p><figure class="c-media-item article-body-image-container"><picture style="padding-bottom:105.96%;height:0;overflow:hidden;display:block"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg?smart=true&auth=de73e8ac1c1aad6218245005f383d3db1e49bb28bf86d2391a86a7fabeca4154&width=604&height=640" srcSet="https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg?smart=true&auth=de73e8ac1c1aad6218245005f383d3db1e49bb28bf86d2391a86a7fabeca4154&width=768&height=813 768w, https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg?smart=true&auth=de73e8ac1c1aad6218245005f383d3db1e49bb28bf86d2391a86a7fabeca4154&width=1024&height=1085 1024w, https://www.elfinancierocr.com/resizer/v2/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg?smart=true&auth=de73e8ac1c1aad6218245005f383d3db1e49bb28bf86d2391a86a7fabeca4154&width=1440&height=1525 1440w" width="604" height="640"/></picture><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">El Financiero | Archivo </span><span class="c-media-item__credit">( KAMSIÚ SING EF) </span></figcaption></figure><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">En este periodo, el aporte a la economía de las empresas que desarrollan y comercializan sistemas y aplicaciones de <i>software</i> en el país creció 594%en términos reales, equivalente a más de un punto porcentual del PIB.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Con ello, la industria de servicios de sistemas informáticos representó en el 2012 una cuarta parte de la producción agrícola (5,7%) en la economía y superó las exportaciones de café (1%).</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">El crecimiento del sector de servicios de <i>software</i> se ha mantenido constante, con un pico en el 2010 de un 53,95% con respecto al año anterior.</p><div id="gnad-feature-box1" class="default__StyledAdUnit-sc-1dqdtve-0 MfTzR dfp-container con-padding " data-width="300" data-height="250"><div class="gnad-container vertical-centered"><div data-test-id="adslot-box1" id="gnad-f0flCgmJdv909hy-1e5653cf3e89b9" class="gnad ad-box1 ad-250 ad-all" style="width:auto;height:250px"></div></div></div><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Este efecto podría deberse a la valoración del colón frente al dólar y al ingreso de siete empresas multinacionales y nacionales vinculadas a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph"><b>En ebullición </b></p><div id="gnad-feature-inhouse" class="default__StyledAdUnit-sc-1dqdtve-0 MfTzR dfp-container con-padding-movil" data-width="728" data-height="90"><div class="gnad-container vertical-centered"><div data-test-id="adslot-inhouse" id="gnad-f0fBSotb5EmO1Yp-7bac117102e3b" class="gnad ad-inhouse ad-90 ad-mobile" style="width:auto;height:90px"></div></div></div><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Los cálculos de la autoridad monetaria se basan en los datos recaudados de todas las empresas ubicadas en el régimen de zona franca y una muestra representativa de aquellas que operan fuera del régimen.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Se trata de un registro de más de 1.400 empresas que realizan unas 30 actividades vinculadas al sector de servicios de <i>software</i> . Entre ellas, actividades de programación informática, servicios de diseño y desarrollo de aplicaciones, sistemas operativos, <i>software</i> de red, bases de datos, juegos en líneas y servicios de alojamiento web.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Empero, el tamaño de la industria tiende a ser mayor, si se toma en cuenta que la Dirección General de Tributación del Ministerio de Hacienda registra 7.600 contribuyentes registrados en actividades económicas vinculados con <i>software</i> .</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Son personas físicas y jurídicas cuyos ingresos provienen directamente de encadenamientos de esta industria o por medio de ella. Entre ellos, consultores en informática, diseñadores de páginas web, comerciantes al por mayor de paquetes informáticos y diseñadores de <i>software</i> .</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">La contribución de este grupo al fisco con el impuesto a la renta creció en un 70% entre los años 2008 y 2012, al pasar de ¢2.436,25 millones a ¢4.141,78 millones.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">“Estos son números grandes que dejan ver el potencial del ecosistema digital. Estamos hablando de un incremento de casi 470% en 10 años, sin ningún tipo de subsidio estatal”, comentó Alexander Mora, presidente de la Cámara de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (Camtic).</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Empero, Mora advierte que las cifras del Banco Central no muestran todo el aporte de la industria a la economía.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Por ejemplo, el desarrollo de animaciones digitales en un medio de comunicación y de <i>apps</i> de un banco quedan fuera de la contabilización de la producción nacional, porque la actividad central de las empresas no está vinculada a la industria de <i>software</i> .</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">“Se necesita de política pública para actualizar la forma en que se contabiliza el ecosistema digital”, dijo Mora. Una tarea que está en proceso por parte del Central.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Dimensionar su tamaño pasa por adaptar las herramientas del Central a la transformación tecnológica y del modelo de negocios del sector. Y es que la industria de servicios de <i>software </i> no está en línea con el esquema de producción agrícola. A esto se suma nuevos subsectores como el diseño de <i> apps</i> y animaciones digitales que mezclan ingeniería y diseño.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">También el modelo de negocios del sector ha sufrido un cambio en los últimos años. Las empresas pasaron de vender paquetes de <i>software</i> a comercializar servicios en la nube.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph"><b>Aprovechar la ola </b></p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">La industria de <i>software</i> en el país se empezó a formar en la década de 1960, cuando empresas como IBM y Burroughs (Unisys) ingresaron y enseñaron a programar sus equipos a los jóvenes que contrataban. Quienes adquirían estos equipos eran las grandes instituciones del Estado para el manejo de sus planillas y facturas.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Crear <i>software</i> era una profesión que solo se enseñaba en el extranjero hasta que la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y el Instituto Tecnológico (TEC) integraron este la enseñanza de este campo en su oferta en la década de 1970.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">En la actualidad, las carreras vinculadas con la computación están entre las profesiones más solicitadas en las universidades.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Del 2006 al 2011, se egresaron de la carrera de computación 9.256 estudiantes (un promedio de 1.851 personas por año) de universidades públicas y privadas, según datos del Consejo Nacional de Rectores (Conare). En tanto, en la carrera de ingeniería de <i>software</i> se egresaron 2.615 alumnos entre 2010 y 2012.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Lilliana Sancho, socia de Advansys, empresa del Grupo Babel, explicó que la industria tica ha sabido aprovechar los momentos de desarrollo tecnológico y las necesidades de otras industrias por modernizar sus procesos. Ejemplo de ello fue el cambio del milenio, que generó una demanda interna para actualizar y cambiar los sistemas informáticos en las empresas e instituciones que empleaban la variable de la fecha. “Esto generó nuevos negocios y el nacimiento de más empresas”, dijo Sancho, quien es profesora del TEC.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Y es que, a diferencia de otras actividades productivas, el sector de servicios de <i>software</i> ha estado ligado a la demanda interna de estas tecnologías.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Por ejemplo, un 43% de la producción de servicios de <i>software</i> en el 2012 se exportó, mientras que un 57% tuvo demanda interna, según el Banco Central. Lo anterior muestra que el sector ha acompañado la maduración tecnológica del parque empresarial del país.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Por su parte, Anabel González, ministra de Comercio Exterior, comentó que las exportaciones en tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones de Costa Rica lideran en América Latina en términos relativos y absolutos. Aseguró que el sector tiene mucho potencial y crece de manera importante.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-oqc75h-0 deEXSG body-paragraph">Ignacio Trejos, rector de la Universidad Cenfotec, opinó que el sector tiene el potencial de crecer más y de manera exponencial. 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A futuro, su potencial es elevado en un mundo que se puebla de sensores y dispositivos móviles."},{"_id":"RR4MCPB75BDNTEA7HGSSKYGJ3M","type":"text","content":"En el 2002, el sector vinculado a los servicios de <i>software</i> aportaba un 0,28% al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), según cifras del Banco Central. Una década después, el peso de este sector en la producción local equivale a un 1,31% del PIB; es decir, ¢21.808,32 millones."},{"_id":"T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/UkHbaaQV-0jCo9vBNChy8uncUE4=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-gruponacion/public/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg","galleries":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"servicios-software-informatica-computacion_ELFCHA20131213_0009_1.jpg","originalUrl":"http://www.elfinancierocr.com/tecnologia/servicios-software-informatica-computacion_ELFCHA20131213_0009_1.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/UkHbaaQV-0jCo9vBNChy8uncUE4=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-gruponacion/public/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg","published":"true","resizeUrl":"/resizer/UkHbaaQV-0jCo9vBNChy8uncUE4=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-gruponacion/public/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/qZc_DoVtHDqAIi4UxyGghJImFo0=/300x0/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-gruponacion/public/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg","usage_instructions":"","version":1,"roles":[],"keywords":["servicios","software","informática","computación"]},"address":{},"copyright":"","created_date":"2013-12-13T20:29:16-06:00","height":640,"last_updated_date":"2017-10-14T15:51:45Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"gruponacion"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"Xalok","name":"La Nacion","source_id":"ELFCHA20131213_0009","source_type":"ELFANSContentExporter"},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/gruponacion/T3AMMTT4O5HQ7NPHNUYEIWAJPI.jpg","version":"0.10.2","width":604,"caption":"El Financiero | Archivo","credits":{"by":[{"byline":" KAMSIÚ SING EF","name":" KAMSIÚ SING EF","type":"author","version":"0.10.2"}]},"auth":{"1":"de73e8ac1c1aad6218245005f383d3db1e49bb28bf86d2391a86a7fabeca4154"}},{"_id":"ZQM3LUSTCNF6PPGZFORB2WSQPE","type":"text","content":"En este periodo, el aporte a la economía de las empresas que desarrollan y comercializan sistemas y aplicaciones de <i>software</i> en el país creció 594%en términos reales, equivalente a más de un punto porcentual del PIB."},{"_id":"5RL3XBS2TRCNRIRRFAXPDRKJLI","type":"text","content":"Con ello, la industria de servicios de sistemas informáticos representó en el 2012 una cuarta parte de la producción agrícola (5,7%) en la economía y superó las exportaciones de café (1%)."},{"_id":"4S7W67SX7NGFHI7NZIZTPZN4WE","type":"text","content":"El crecimiento del sector de servicios de <i>software</i> se ha mantenido constante, con un pico en el 2010 de un 53,95% con respecto al año anterior."},{"_id":"XKVBD7NCL5BNHAR7CJFYKZHKN4","type":"text","content":"Este efecto podría deberse a la valoración del colón frente al dólar y al ingreso de siete empresas multinacionales y nacionales vinculadas a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación."},{"_id":"QWLRY5PLLVD3PC7JIFDNGMLFTY","type":"text","content":"<b>En ebullición </b>"},{"_id":"CJZ6KYWKW5ASJNZHOUCQY3HFN4","type":"text","content":"Los cálculos de la autoridad monetaria se basan en los datos recaudados de todas las empresas ubicadas en el régimen de zona franca y una muestra representativa de aquellas que operan fuera del régimen."},{"_id":"QSMTFU54QRBH5H3XEOYLMA26YI","type":"text","content":"Se trata de un registro de más de 1.400 empresas que realizan unas 30 actividades vinculadas al sector de servicios de <i>software</i> . Entre ellas, actividades de programación informática, servicios de diseño y desarrollo de aplicaciones, sistemas operativos, <i>software</i> de red, bases de datos, juegos en líneas y servicios de alojamiento web."},{"_id":"5TCCOND7SJESVCE247ML24ILAI","type":"text","content":"Empero, el tamaño de la industria tiende a ser mayor, si se toma en cuenta que la Dirección General de Tributación del Ministerio de Hacienda registra 7.600 contribuyentes registrados en actividades económicas vinculados con <i>software</i> ."},{"_id":"YATXQGXPSFCF7L2KBMN4IDKXWM","type":"text","content":"Son personas físicas y jurídicas cuyos ingresos provienen directamente de encadenamientos de esta industria o por medio de ella. Entre ellos, consultores en informática, diseñadores de páginas web, comerciantes al por mayor de paquetes informáticos y diseñadores de <i>software</i> ."},{"_id":"QZR4CHLKY5BPFBMSJJZU2VWMVI","type":"text","content":"La contribución de este grupo al fisco con el impuesto a la renta creció en un 70% entre los años 2008 y 2012, al pasar de ¢2.436,25 millones a ¢4.141,78 millones."},{"_id":"ETXFN67LSZBBZD7XSM7Z66FR5Q","type":"text","content":"“Estos son números grandes que dejan ver el potencial del ecosistema digital. Estamos hablando de un incremento de casi 470% en 10 años, sin ningún tipo de subsidio estatal”, comentó Alexander Mora, presidente de la Cámara de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (Camtic)."},{"_id":"MAU6OMZ7UVDNBJBKCJFNLDOUKU","type":"text","content":"Empero, Mora advierte que las cifras del Banco Central no muestran todo el aporte de la industria a la economía."},{"_id":"GTHGMUFN6FD5XBDVMXI4FLRBUU","type":"text","content":"Por ejemplo, el desarrollo de animaciones digitales en un medio de comunicación y de <i>apps</i> de un banco quedan fuera de la contabilización de la producción nacional, porque la actividad central de las empresas no está vinculada a la industria de <i>software</i> ."},{"_id":"CNHYJSTFYFDVVEJPFYY2J44LME","type":"text","content":"“Se necesita de política pública para actualizar la forma en que se contabiliza el ecosistema digital”, dijo Mora. Una tarea que está en proceso por parte del Central."},{"_id":"66C73VWIJBAFXGZWTEQVQC575M","type":"text","content":"Dimensionar su tamaño pasa por adaptar las herramientas del Central a la transformación tecnológica y del modelo de negocios del sector. Y es que la industria de servicios de <i>software </i> no está en línea con el esquema de producción agrícola. A esto se suma nuevos subsectores como el diseño de <i> apps</i> y animaciones digitales que mezclan ingeniería y diseño."},{"_id":"XHCYTYEI7ZGQRFBQXYV3DCCICE","type":"text","content":"También el modelo de negocios del sector ha sufrido un cambio en los últimos años. Las empresas pasaron de vender paquetes de <i>software</i> a comercializar servicios en la nube."},{"_id":"YB4UOGX3P5HGZGHSYXBPO6UNKM","type":"text","content":"<b>Aprovechar la ola </b>"},{"_id":"T7HU37EQMRF6REP67IVWTISU7Y","type":"text","content":"La industria de <i>software</i> en el país se empezó a formar en la década de 1960, cuando empresas como IBM y Burroughs (Unisys) ingresaron y enseñaron a programar sus equipos a los jóvenes que contrataban. Quienes adquirían estos equipos eran las grandes instituciones del Estado para el manejo de sus planillas y facturas."},{"_id":"H6VLPCZD25AMVJPN5MRUZYYPU4","type":"text","content":"Crear <i>software</i> era una profesión que solo se enseñaba en el extranjero hasta que la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y el Instituto Tecnológico (TEC) integraron este la enseñanza de este campo en su oferta en la década de 1970."},{"_id":"TYROIKDGYZEXBNYED5HK5CLYRY","type":"text","content":"En la actualidad, las carreras vinculadas con la computación están entre las profesiones más solicitadas en las universidades."},{"_id":"4KRECHXRHBD5JHRNTEHDPNFZFU","type":"text","content":"Del 2006 al 2011, se egresaron de la carrera de computación 9.256 estudiantes (un promedio de 1.851 personas por año) de universidades públicas y privadas, según datos del Consejo Nacional de Rectores (Conare). En tanto, en la carrera de ingeniería de <i>software</i> se egresaron 2.615 alumnos entre 2010 y 2012."},{"_id":"D4PMRIN6JJHINEYBG2OQWWDVSY","type":"text","content":"Lilliana Sancho, socia de Advansys, empresa del Grupo Babel, explicó que la industria tica ha sabido aprovechar los momentos de desarrollo tecnológico y las necesidades de otras industrias por modernizar sus procesos. Ejemplo de ello fue el cambio del milenio, que generó una demanda interna para actualizar y cambiar los sistemas informáticos en las empresas e instituciones que empleaban la variable de la fecha. “Esto generó nuevos negocios y el nacimiento de más empresas”, dijo Sancho, quien es profesora del TEC."},{"_id":"VQJJRCMLDNCCPBI67M5GWUA4YE","type":"text","content":"Y es que, a diferencia de otras actividades productivas, el sector de servicios de <i>software</i> ha estado ligado a la demanda interna de estas tecnologías."},{"_id":"66SRUFGILVDI5B2EYRDXJQ4FDA","type":"text","content":"Por ejemplo, un 43% de la producción de servicios de <i>software</i> en el 2012 se exportó, mientras que un 57% tuvo demanda interna, según el Banco Central. Lo anterior muestra que el sector ha acompañado la maduración tecnológica del parque empresarial del país."},{"_id":"E3YV5HCNMFAUFHD2IVHPJPIUEM","type":"text","content":"Por su parte, Anabel González, ministra de Comercio Exterior, comentó que las exportaciones en tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones de Costa Rica lideran en América Latina en términos relativos y absolutos. Aseguró que el sector tiene mucho potencial y crece de manera importante."},{"_id":"KWE4I2PJGBEVROMT4TQPNUBJ7M","type":"text","content":"Ignacio Trejos, rector de la Universidad Cenfotec, opinó que el sector tiene el potencial de crecer más y de manera exponencial. Esto dependerá de factores con redes de comunicación que permitan navegar a mayor velocidad y el dinamismo para bajar y subir contenido a la nube, entre otros."}],"created_date":"2017-10-14T15:51:45.246Z","revision":{"revision_id":"K4YW4NMDBVG7TOAHQMA62LCPPA","parent_id":"W5DITJTL7NDVLIRTN7SR2XHGH4","editions":["default"],"branch":"default","published":true},"last_updated_date":"2021-07-27T15:11:28.314Z","canonical_url":"/tecnologia/servicios-de-software-en-costa-rica-representan-el-13-de-la-produccion-local/KRWAF4ETORHSPCJIIBMWNIHDEI/story/","headlines":{"basic":" Servicios de software en Costa Rica representan el 1,3% de la producción local"},"owner":{"id":"gruponacion"},"display_date":"2013-12-15T06:16:00Z","credits":{"by":[{"_id":"mcordero@elfinancierocr.com","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Mónica Cordero","url":"/autores/monica-cordero/","slug":"monica-cordero","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"mcordero@elfinancierocr.com"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"mcordero@elfinancierocr.com","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"mcordero@elfinancierocr.com","type":"author","email":"mcordero@elfinancierocr.com","firstName":"Mónica","lastName":"Cordero","bio_page":"/autores/monica-cordero/","byline":"Mónica Cordero","slug":"monica-cordero","books":[{"title":"","url":"","publisher":""}],"podcasts":[{"name":"","url":"","download_url":""}],"education":[{"name":""}],"awards":[{"name":""}]}}}]},"subheadlines":{"basic":"En 10 años, efecto del sector en economía tica creció 1,03%"},"description":{"basic":"En 10 años, efecto del sector en economía tica creció 1,03%"},"first_publish_date":"2013-12-15T06:16:00Z","websites":{"el-financiero":{"website_section":{"_id":"/tecnologia","_website":"el-financiero","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Tecnología","description":"Tecnología","path":"/tecnologia","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/tecnologia","site":{"site_title":"Tecnología","site_url":"/tecnologia","site_about":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_description":"Tecnología","site_keywords":"Tecnología","native_app_rendering":null},"social":{"twitter":null,"rss":null,"facebook":null,"archives":null},"_admin":{"default_content":null,"tracking_node":null,"alias_ids":["/el-financiero/tecnologia"],"commercial_node":null},"story_list":{"story_list_content":{}},"in_the_news":{"in_the_news_usefeature":null,"in_the_news_usesectionbar":"false","in_the_news_usebasepage":"/in-the-news-forsections/"},"navigation":{"display_in_top_strip":null,"nav_display":null,"nav_title":null},"advertisement":{"network_code":"175346488","unit_code":"financiero/financiero_tecnologia","ad_unit_section":"/175346488/financiero/financiero_tecnologia"},"_website":"el-financiero","name":"Tecnología","order":{"HamburgerMenu":220,"LNVideos":1059,"EF-Hamburguesa":1003,"EF_BusquedaAvanzada":1002,"hamburger-menu":1003,"default":1012,"composer":1003,"horizontal-menu":1003},"parent":{"default":"/","LN-Hamburguesa":null,"EF-Hamburguesa":"/","LN_BusquedaAvanzada2":null,"EF_BusquedaAvanzada":"/","hamburger-menu":"/","footer-menu":null,"composer":"/","horizontal-menu":"/"},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"LN-Hamburguesa":[],"EF-Hamburguesa":[],"LN_BusquedaAvanzada2":[],"EF_BusquedaAvanzada":["/"],"hamburger-menu":["/"],"footer-menu":[],"composer":["/"],"horizontal-menu":["/"]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"el-financiero./tecnologia"},"website_url":"/tecnologia/servicios-de-software-en-costa-rica-representan-el-13-de-la-produccion-local/KRWAF4ETORHSPCJIIBMWNIHDEI/story/"},"gruponacion":{"website_url":"/tecnologia/servicios-de-software-en-costa-rica-representan-el-13-de-la-produccion-local/KRWAF4ETORHSPCJIIBMWNIHDEI/story/"}},"additional_properties":{"has_published_copy":true,"originalBody":"<p> Hoy día, la economía de Costa Rica genera más servicios de <em>software</em> (como paquetes informáticos, <em>apps </em> y animaciones digitales) que exportaciones de café.</p><p> El crecimiento de este sector, basado en el conocimiento, ha sido constante y exponencial en los últimos 10 años y con altos grados de sofisticación tecnológica. A futuro, su potencial es elevado en un mundo que se puebla de sensores y dispositivos móviles. </p><p>En el 2002, el sector vinculado a los servicios de <em>software</em> aportaba un 0,28% al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), según cifras del Banco Central. Una década después, el peso de este sector en la producción local equivale a un 1,31% del PIB; es decir, ¢21.808,32 millones. </p><p>En este periodo, el aporte a la economía de las empresas que desarrollan y comercializan sistemas y aplicaciones de <em>software</em> en el país creció 594%en términos reales, equivalente a más de un punto porcentual del PIB. </p><p>Con ello, la industria de servicios de sistemas informáticos representó en el 2012 una cuarta parte de la producción agrícola (5,7%) en la economía y superó las exportaciones de café (1%).</p><p>El crecimiento del sector de servicios de <em>software</em> se ha mantenido constante, con un pico en el 2010 de un 53,95% con respecto al año anterior. </p><p>Este efecto podría deberse a la valoración del colón frente al dólar y al ingreso de siete empresas multinacionales y nacionales vinculadas a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación.</p><p> <b>En ebullición </b> </p><p>Los cálculos de la autoridad monetaria se basan en los datos recaudados de todas las empresas ubicadas en el régimen de zona franca y una muestra representativa de aquellas que operan fuera del régimen. </p><p>Se trata de un registro de más de 1.400 empresas que realizan unas 30 actividades vinculadas al sector de servicios de <em>software</em> . Entre ellas, actividades de programación informática, servicios de diseño y desarrollo de aplicaciones, sistemas operativos, <em>software</em> de red, bases de datos, juegos en líneas y servicios de alojamiento web.</p><p>Empero, el tamaño de la industria tiende a ser mayor, si se toma en cuenta que la Dirección General de Tributación del Ministerio de Hacienda registra 7.600 contribuyentes registrados en actividades económicas vinculados con <em>software</em> .</p><p>Son personas físicas y jurídicas cuyos ingresos provienen directamente de encadenamientos de esta industria o por medio de ella. Entre ellos, consultores en informática, diseñadores de páginas web, comerciantes al por mayor de paquetes informáticos y diseñadores de <em>software</em> .</p><p> La contribución de este grupo al fisco con el impuesto a la renta creció en un 70% entre los años 2008 y 2012, al pasar de ¢2.436,25 millones a ¢4.141,78 millones.</p><p>“Estos son números grandes que dejan ver el potencial del ecosistema digital. Estamos hablando de un incremento de casi 470% en 10 años, sin ningún tipo de subsidio estatal”, comentó Alexander Mora, presidente de la Cámara de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (Camtic). </p><p>Empero, Mora advierte que las cifras del Banco Central no muestran todo el aporte de la industria a la economía. </p><p>Por ejemplo, el desarrollo de animaciones digitales en un medio de comunicación y de <em>apps</em> de un banco quedan fuera de la contabilización de la producción nacional, porque la actividad central de las empresas no está vinculada a la industria de <em>software</em> . </p><p>“Se necesita de política pública para actualizar la forma en que se contabiliza el ecosistema digital”, dijo Mora. Una tarea que está en proceso por parte del Central.</p><p> Dimensionar su tamaño pasa por adaptar las herramientas del Central a la transformación tecnológica y del modelo de negocios del sector. Y es que la industria de servicios de <em>software </em> no está en línea con el esquema de producción agrícola. A esto se suma nuevos subsectores como el diseño de <em> apps</em> y animaciones digitales que mezclan ingeniería y diseño. </p><p>También el modelo de negocios del sector ha sufrido un cambio en los últimos años. Las empresas pasaron de vender paquetes de <em>software</em> a comercializar servicios en la nube. </p><p> <b>Aprovechar la ola </b> </p><p>La industria de <em>software</em> en el país se empezó a formar en la década de 1960, cuando empresas como IBM y Burroughs (Unisys) ingresaron y enseñaron a programar sus equipos a los jóvenes que contrataban. Quienes adquirían estos equipos eran las grandes instituciones del Estado para el manejo de sus planillas y facturas. </p><p>Crear <em>software</em> era una profesión que solo se enseñaba en el extranjero hasta que la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y el Instituto Tecnológico (TEC) integraron este la enseñanza de este campo en su oferta en la década de 1970. </p><p>En la actualidad, las carreras vinculadas con la computación están entre las profesiones más solicitadas en las universidades. </p><p>Del 2006 al 2011, se egresaron de la carrera de computación 9.256 estudiantes (un promedio de 1.851 personas por año) de universidades públicas y privadas, según datos del Consejo Nacional de Rectores (Conare). En tanto, en la carrera de ingeniería de <em>software</em> se egresaron 2.615 alumnos entre 2010 y 2012. </p><p> Lilliana Sancho, socia de Advansys, empresa del Grupo Babel, explicó que la industria tica ha sabido aprovechar los momentos de desarrollo tecnológico y las necesidades de otras industrias por modernizar sus procesos. Ejemplo de ello fue el cambio del milenio, que generó una demanda interna para actualizar y cambiar los sistemas informáticos en las empresas e instituciones que empleaban la variable de la fecha. “Esto generó nuevos negocios y el nacimiento de más empresas”, dijo Sancho, quien es profesora del TEC. </p><p>Y es que, a diferencia de otras actividades productivas, el sector de servicios de <em>software</em> ha estado ligado a la demanda interna de estas tecnologías. </p><p>Por ejemplo, un 43% de la producción de servicios de <em>software</em> en el 2012 se exportó, mientras que un 57% tuvo demanda interna, según el Banco Central. 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