CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b9131cdffd91',cH: 'qUaYx_ZC.7Fo9FlanaNyTNUa8upm6ujMGVGaMCy.FIc-1739784251-1.2.1.1-W.S89sA0y6I3M_eGd4szfD6OyNtD2a.7tLrc2kMADnS24uURNLuvjkN4_zvXJ3QM',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ilham%20Benali&__cf_chl_tk=IHc2mI9mBvB2.VTb973fErqhMS_DBKA5L8axi5MQ9TU-1739784251-1.0.1.1-QYNdGBDhX7eRgPgt8qcuwrilnbPqxNXWTmyTamT8i5A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784251',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ilham%20Benali&__cf_chl_f_tk=IHc2mI9mBvB2.VTb973fErqhMS_DBKA5L8axi5MQ9TU-1739784251-1.0.1.1-QYNdGBDhX7eRgPgt8qcuwrilnbPqxNXWTmyTamT8i5A",md: "E9EMCWPFk.dHgtnqSqM7ve3G9yL3_DZrSnAlsl5euKQ-1739784251-1.2.1.1-PLs.d28P.cwXxCJkopL8w43k_ZaGaRhv10Fh0ov5de6snjEObXk_yAOJhbfqkHsGKjSTzq9UkSL3p5K3sSd2rSg8gBAS02EZCV5oYG1zhbX7f_ahzalxb77l7BSIcrsmQ.g8xMPmlQsPBkbhn9cUkYD9R5JsFrRzTsnhUlU_UHuVDiG7zcRq0bdmFlPrZgWwZZoRZamjHfad2qO7.jlQM6AuuViNtaGdsmrWCYwI10D1jIRUCGLNUCh1E6GK5zeB9I7ezPX64nsTmAl320rL.Oo7lazVDf1wnQJ3EFlNe2rXGNIEykEDaoRMSsY2ytj7Py3PRUXMk4PAFe30W1X1brZV.IKSAut3eShaHQ68tdRMvegmpURiTOiak0fZ00JIFQRzHzq3koa4.J7eYBPH62YKIRwchcfF7qSTzF.k5Gt5_wIXJvIj6gZT9pNmx0jOvxZa89piq0RQMlNG1zdcw45tiRvs6jmauQZvph8RzyyhdWp3auA.NrvG3_2mX0UC2YEbsXLffo_8HHUH.Yd1lt0.C4NNA7zqbPlNdstdO7fE1msOyTGVV7PxWYUrxvdLr0g_EEqp9fCJhzsrXPV8yUYAkHCvSJyZE1Cw03sFstuRZGYPIwfZ0q3XNwkur7zurSNNHroUqUBlhXXKHvJtj4uEpJ0lh2z9kJ9Zz1HO.kwi36n8O9PNxJ25Bohjhqc7ovSeKM0oIH_kJ1wdOdznMFsDSSgz6LnQKI0oiJdCmhaShMk1nHBx5Io_KuTGIYX.Q0uMYBXq3GrrChT4_YSeTfBkU1dmztFa5uv4O7kxBh0RNpoJ64BERLAOSXIGg39sVXIP6VsUdOHsZkkoWlPU2wWmKEHfrgylzIOjTiaI3iokVXgfK8fzaESWOa.8De07bFdOOk6NiyaPk_HpCjF1wBM8VBQJhxy9pw1CulDlnp7klvCRWTtaepr7jVyc6OMjayLyb32cKH_iIaMMKT6BmAdp7CNOlDnH2OpxYYknVtpYVp_c1xUlQvws.8Mq9rHiVtCeIosh6XxJwzWLKkzYBA8b2qHgQ2xoK8NALXTwN2qXtJ8XfoSshVvLhji03MNO4VADmH3MPOVxAGn4d.5meN8LO7ynyF0t5BlDYVqgIA_StPzaqz2XqAcPRtjrrgaIdtNyocxap0RON8LeBqxmus4fkLDmUPXKJvPMnBphK4QOKPwr9UHslincRFcy5wyUdFmp5TnU6TF5a9JGEsIsklcpA.V88_qDOSbHrQlTNKl9IGb4AExQM6_MnQMsFyBcleLcGXegKKPaQpsh31aHACs1fzKc_C4v8O6m4EKCe2os6BYoRNwKq3D9.bMQ2C5aiA67lnW0_DOJRYLchUmG_t.gBdOSZtarS_lttMtOdVhpEwJ7jO04oRhZR8M22tziP3M4TePd371UuNKYeYnd_4p1KQ5LMZ5L2VRMpG4AuwK53QOmUyDlVhwmEi91lmh8jflrIdyGfcgnWI_IqQb0eR.UkLSA9a7_4bUZV6c7FgS6KD3vBSAop.qVmd3A2f.Xs9pKYLK.jX6tClMTXLG6ab3.E6iTcnfGY_p3ELvazUajiT1n3vhQqrW2z5yv1holKdVC7Du6CXasbipPk22Bjfqo26uOnhnO8oVLBAJVJxS1k0xWZ_RVTYY3_7ucgoDH9FPq0EuqmAOQO2YasunyeY81YBV28pdiUVTyLkcDNh2XgZZ1U_ETczhvN1yIBR1qzrKLymuwjL1n.qTM.8N_JnX9bSMvQPkkohMLW12vPXbLx74qFMEsnLSIP42I5EJHxymUSJZG7Ux8uHZlx4.uCRuw3.osU6Tf2fvBRCMRDuIRYr0ote6IWwMWmsE4H_HjuDaBc9dLXfrhGHqp6bIBjwy_SW705AixyJl4NvGNZvN97xygnuv9txlVfH4YHv7YiaNaUcpRkF.M1oa58mflEkPlI2SF.13Wu7pt5n7mbQo",mdrd: "W16hoiZk3vDNe7FHLI_jHL2mAqVxCaaCS23eBut1LOs-1739784251-1.2.1.1-7eN_sG3Gr_SHDktX17NbyxxCITB0YXnvXNLguDrRC2AHE3uqhPjJn.am8w4Wd0vsSBZQUl.X86OjqBxxYUQHaYVY4g3K6gOmVmUsKgrSIGePH5P8X_7aU41Qav4uV.4.sA_qFnpzL0u7AyClG2BfVD3APGPXqWpSBKqsKZv50tyxVGarcaQ5yEtuumC3YzX.7Hxn14twnXL064YC2iPEYhH78v9upm9rERlljIDlKLMQjlUUTPEC0EyopFU_AxiBruLUXF3o269CldIXzmSdok3aop4GFyiGknRTtzfJKy8kEr5OTYHVyfF48nVXrgaVZZMaH7mNSlz09zAuwDgpUuo1nHsZRBe3ZpDqMJw8Q0lPmdxgTG9EFrt44lIq7_7ONE7mVaxULVBtnRs9jgENsfiyjK0erpA52n6Cw7646KQdhT4P.K7BkRDdclvJk6MnCWIxAIa_dDgrJ4C8G12vVE1FJwKfQ1GMg83J.U4neQOkMVvJypwY8NCiSVz11GZEvvvvsJuwGQ3y3wKjQfXLNclNSwvucfViwlsU6PyoOjuL5o_ELqW5sX8WWii3r31.Vn3EAxLgkYvgKCf2URoTJVi82OYyQpx66jSGurVcyQm6ARPXhHah2jdLpbNc0mtlluyUKJdtlLyAoMORvfyRFte0lQSe5pBEZYuBNeT4Qot7Y7Kn5LcX_67qlKfHk51LTK4B7H_LnD_jhF0ZsZRZE6ZtXvlOE9ry.f_okeUgKb4iZrQYLMqX_LiNrRVHwBZY7VjblDecK56fjcVmH_W260AqVVPvY2wVg2h7Lw.JCIGyVqR2QothKFdYQwaEHE6o3NBs8ZhY3lI6bNhY6C1ogyJLVGt2dh0ZJ3yA0ZvxpLTRCZT7rTazODXTdHQTSa7VnYB5zN9KDv7m7x0Oy8yskCOqI44wX5F.Cum.7XQUp5W7wEXXD8CzhaTtp38e9jFc.snurhrXDIjVjNN7.XwHLr7tPwtaHYEFvzICkXF07UI0L4o_DBROUqaSXY9GOpMr_y4sJrnsKSkGV3j2T3M1Zoj1hC96jKeHrC.BzyBmltReIIBy78fgGQOzO087nVhD3XKn0PnhyZnRBr._KrDZKxMtWf.g2A2yTPtuqAi4WaH6jUsjWuQdTCclyHXZdakZDBZpcTce1Eztd74xdIBUdbfBdBm_d5Ca2ygw5vKgTl54DwlxP6ZYjVD5aNp1T6vrv1UqitnytrVDS9F10ykSjpzMj16yzuab3GzG.8m0XK2PauY8bT2zs3scfoPt6CGCDhfOTJJgGQ882_DFi2NpmK7heRQLWFqqePus.OLueT6Rs_C8uaF9LOx403toRW7wRCDE9vcxFPsH2lXOGm0qcbWMlGWfezkZbbwihSmKrVu3.1Gg4uCiFBBM8E_RSsYXHRcGdtDjdd1ni72rlmw3BFmCcBmg.7Yf68a29_kSR2iC.qdiQP3vBR6K8_5bXb8DW7LZpFH7KPrY8Kb17Ti.mMAVVEKB9CdWF3twSrZwEzQ9hrpRZusp_7BX_mgcTWIQUFANvwW030gl01l3_8gfcjYK5tafODFxI4pGIVxObqUdy_uovxzxjcDcQD_diAf.wiDqDE.j6tw_ibQOilKYSZDbqHbvl8LJy_Zc4loXjHrdDb9tx55K.eya8UVx67BSHhSyMd0O23uFOkveqcIrRunX8OFDlxJWHKyfxp.Cob.usGZLSGiXVRtXhCau5IAMQGa3mLuEYQTgsT5xOFi0u5E8z_CtlcD1wcT1PvNZvG9PbtF65czt9.HcY.RUsXhJmcAk12rZkWidETqUmRjvkXCaZ8H89r09EDaY31O2DbpY2J0hWx97xu1dL5KasVB1FJnSguZAnPHXntLzWSTT0TMyzGWTIiJbcf9y76zAAO0MQeir_HhCTOt3puPZfcmtDTn24kLDLXoObtit7yY.ekQtJuzj6GKf_u8iyIuZniI074rNqknzjfHz_ZNHqyovEepur2YjzXpUX45wwQ3.BA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b9131cdffd91';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ilham%20Benali&__cf_chl_rt_tk=IHc2mI9mBvB2.VTb973fErqhMS_DBKA5L8axi5MQ9TU-1739784251-1.0.1.1-QYNdGBDhX7eRgPgt8qcuwrilnbPqxNXWTmyTamT8i5A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>