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He moved along with his family in 1898 to [[Karlsruhe]] as his father was appointed the Minister of Cultural Affairs for the [[List of rulers of Baden|Grand Duke of Baden]]. ==Early career== After completing his [[Abitur]] and military service, Böhm enlisted in the military at the beginning of [[World War I]]. He was the first citizen of Karlsruhe to be awarded the [[Iron Cross]]. In 1919 Böhn began studying law and political science at the [[University of Freiburg]] and completed his [[Staatsexamen]] in 1924, receiving shortly thereafter a job as a public [[prosecutor]].<ref>Blumenberg-Lampe, Christine (2004). "Franz Böhm." Christliche Demokraten gegen Hitler: Aus Verfolgung und Widerstand zur Union. Ed. Buchstab, Günter; Kaff, Brigitte; Kleinmann, Hans-Otto. Freiburg, Germany: Herder, 2004. 108. Print.</ref> Böhm published his first essay entitled "Das Problem der privaten Macht, ein Beitrag zur Monopolfrage" (The problem of private power; a contribution to the question of [[monopolies]]) in 1928, establishing himself as a prominent economist. In the wake of the publication of this essay, fellow economists [[Alexander Rüstow]] and [[Friedrich Lutz (economist)|Friedrich Lutz]] strongly encouraged Böhm to write a disputation of the economic work of [[Adam Smith]]. Böhm eagerly took up their suggestion and wrote what would become his principal work: "Wettbewerb und Monopolkampf."<ref name="Blumenberg-Lampe p.109">Blumenberg-Lampe p.109</ref> After writing these pieces Böhm received a professorship at the [[University of Freiburg]], where he and colleague [[Walter Eucken]] established the [[Freiburg school|Freiburger Schule]]. During this time Böhm worked closely with Eucken and Hans Grossmann-Doerth in establishing the groundwork for their economic theory, [[Ordoliberalism]].<ref name="Blumenberg-Lampe p.109"/> From 1925 to 1931<ref name="Vanberg2001">{{cite book|author-link=Viktor Vanberg|author=Viktor Vanberg|title=The Constitution of Markets: Essays in Political Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7vDi60SFJgC&pg=PA38|access-date=21 July 2012|date=25 July 2001|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-15471-0|page=38}}</ref> Böhm served in the economic ministry of the [[Weimar Republic]].<ref name="Koslowski2000">{{cite book|author=Peter Koslowski|title=The Theory of Capitalism in the German Economic Tradition: Historism, Ordo-Liberalism, Critical Theory, Solidarism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRLxaa4qpUEC&pg=PA148|access-date=21 July 2012|date=7 March 2000|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-66674-5|pages=148–9}}</ref> ==Nazi era== The liberal economic beliefs of the ''Freiburger Schule'' directly contrasted the economic beliefs of the [[Economy of Nazi Germany|Nazi Regime]]. Every assembly of the ''Freiburger Schule'' was therefore a direct afront to the regime. Public discussions became evermore dangerous, so the school was quickly forced to begin meeting secretly. During this time the assembly began calling itself the "Diehl-Seminar" in recognition of its meeting place, the home of [[Karl Ludwig Diehl|Karl Diehl]]. Böhm had his ability to teach revoked from him by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] in 1938 due to his public outspokenness against the [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany|anti-Jewish policies]] of the regime.<ref name="Vanberg2001" /> During the same year, Böhm became active in the ''Freiburger Konzil'', which served as a meeting point for anti-Nazi professors from the [[University of Freiburg|university]] and pastors of the [[Confessing Church]]. Böhm became heavily involved throughout the following years in opposition groups such as the [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer|Bonhoeffer-Krise]] and the [http://www.beckerath.info/index.php?Erwin Arbeitsgemeinschaft Erwin von Beckerath], a council of liberal economists opposed to Nazi economic practices.<ref>Blumenberg-Lampe p.109-110</ref> Only through name confusion resulting from a mistake by the Nazis was Böhm able to avoid arrest after the failed [[20 July plot|July 20 plot]]. This confusion relates to the arrest of the [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Roman Catholic priest]] [[Franz Boehm (resistance fighter)|Franz Boehm]], who had already been arrested on June 5, 1944 for preaching against the [[Nazism and cinema|Nazi film industry]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sigler |first1=Sebastian |title=Franz Böhm – how one of the fathers of the social market economy escaped from the Gestapo. |journal=Tabula Rasa Magazin |date=1 March 2015 |url=https://www.tabularasamagazin.de/franz-boehm-wie-einer-der-vaeter-der-sozialen-marktwirtschaft-der-gestapo-entkam/ |access-date=14 June 2023}}</ref> ==Post-war and political career== After the war Böhm was able to resume teaching in Freiburg and was granted the position of [[Prorector]]. In 1946 he accepted a professorship at the [[University of Freiburg]].<ref name="Backhaus2005">{{cite book|author=Jürgen G. Backhaus|title=The Elgar Companion to Law And Economics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtguKoWHUHYC&pg=PA489|access-date=21 July 2012|year=2005|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-84542-032-1|page=489ff}}</ref> During his time at the university he worked with [[Walter Eucken]]<ref name="Jones2001">{{cite book|author=R. J. Barry Jones|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries P-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSmU3aXWIAYC&pg=PA1420|access-date=21 July 2012|year=2001|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-24352-0|page=1420}}</ref> to found the German scholarly journal [[ORDO]] in 1948, which remains today a mouthpiece of German institutional economists. During this time Böhm became active in politics, joining the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] shortly after the war. He served as the minister of cultural affairs in [[Hessen]]<ref name="Backhaus2005" /> under [[Karl Geiler]] from 1 November 1945 until February 1946, when he resigned due to differences of opinion with the [[United States|American]] [[Allied-occupied Germany|occupying forces]]. Böhm was a member of the [[Bundestag|German Bundestag]] from 1953 until 1965.<ref name="Koslowski2000" /> During this time he was the leader of the German delegation for the [[Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany|reparations negotiations with Israel]].<ref name="Backhaus2005" /> Throughout his time in the Bundestag Böhm remained deeply connected to the [[University of Freiburg]] and his students, continuing to provide seminars despite his role in the Bundestag. His political role remained secondary in importance to his career as an instructor.<ref>Blumenberg-Lampe p.114</ref> Böhm died on 26 September 1977 in [[Rockenberg]]. The Franz-Böhm Schule, a [[Berufsschule]] in [[Frankfurt am Main]], is named in his honor. [[File:1950 Allied issued passport to Franz Böhm.jpg|thumb|1950 Allied issued passport to Franz Böhm]] ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * Blumenberg-Lampe, Christine (2004). "Franz Böhm." Christliche Demokraten gegen Hitler: Aus Verfolgung und Widerstand zur Union. Ed. Buchstab, Günter; Kaff, Brigitte; Kleinmann, Hans-Otto. Freiburg, Germany: Herder, 2004. 108-114. Print. == External links == * [https://archive.today/20101124213545/http://www.insm.de/insm/Wissen/Lexikon/f/Freiburger-Schule.html Freiburger Schule] {{Navboxes |title=Franz Böhm navigational boxes |list= {{Rectors of the Goethe University Frankfurt}} {{Freiburg school economists}} {{Members of the 2nd Bundestag}} {{Members of the 3rd Bundestag}} {{Members of the 4th Bundestag}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bohm, Franz}} [[Category:1895 births]] [[Category:1977 deaths]] [[Category:People from Konstanz]] [[Category:Freiburg School economists]] [[Category:20th-century German economists]] [[Category:German anti-fascists]] [[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] [[Category:Members of the Bundestag for Hesse]] [[Category:Members of the Bundestag 1961–1965]] [[Category:Members of the Bundestag 1957–1961]] [[Category:Members of the Bundestag 1953–1957]] [[Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic 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