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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Sahel" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Původ_slova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Původ_slova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Původ slova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Původ_slova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima_a_vegetace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima_a_vegetace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Klima a vegetace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima_a_vegetace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bezpečnostní_situace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bezpečnostní_situace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bezpečnostní situace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bezpečnostní_situace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obyvatelstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obyvatelstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Obyvatelstvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obyvatelstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sahel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 88 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="الساحل (إفريقيا) – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الساحل (إفريقيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84" title="الساحل – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الساحل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Сәхил – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәхил" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сахель – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сахель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Сахел – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сахел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="সাহিল – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহিল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahelzone" title="Sahelzone – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sahelzone" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AD%CE%BB" title="Σαχέλ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαχέλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahelo" title="Sahelo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sahelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ساحل صحرا – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساحل صحرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – faerština" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sah%C3%A8l_afriquen" title="Sahèl afriquen – franko-provensálština" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sahèl afriquen" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-provensálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSaiheil" title="An tSaiheil – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSaiheil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C" title="סאהל – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאהל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="सहेल – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सहेल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1hil_%C3%B6v" title="Száhil öv – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Száhil öv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Սահել – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սահել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahil" title="Sahil – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sahil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB" title="サヘル – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サヘル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="საჰელი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საჰელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сахель – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сахель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%97%AC" title="사헬 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사헬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahelis" title="Sahelis – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sahelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81hela" title="Sāhela – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sāhela" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahely" title="Sahely – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sahely" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Сахел – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сахел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD" title="സാഹേൽ – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാഹേൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="साहेल – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साहेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahil" title="Sahil – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sahil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel_(landstreek)" title="Sahel (landstreek) – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sahel (landstreek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9%C3%ADb%C4%85%C4%85h_Hatsoh" title="Séíbąąh Hatsoh – navažština" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Séíbąąh Hatsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navažština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sah%C3%A8l" title="Sahèl – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sahèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7)" title="ساحل (افریقا) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ساحل (افریقا)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сахель – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сахель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Сахел – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сахел" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saheru" title="Saheru – šonština" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Saheru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – somálština" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Сахел – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сахел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சாகேல் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாகேல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A5" title="ซาเฮล – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซาเฮล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Сәхил – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сәхил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сахель – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сахель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84" title="ساحل – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ساحل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – benátština" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel – wolofština" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sahel" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92" title="萨赫勒 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨赫勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="საჰელი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საჰელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92" title="萨赫勒 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨赫勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE" title="沙希爾 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙希爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q66065#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Sahel&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sahel"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sahel"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Sahel" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Sahel" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&oldid=24303302" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Sahel&id=24303302&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSahel"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSahel"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sahel"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sahel&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sahel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Sahel" hreflang="cs"><span>Wikicesty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q66065" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Map_sahel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Map_sahel.jpg/220px-Map_sahel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Map_sahel.jpg/330px-Map_sahel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Map_sahel.jpg/440px-Map_sahel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2050" /></a><figcaption>Sahel zobrazený na mapě</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sahel</b> je název území v severní <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Africe</a> na jižním okraji <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahary</a>, kterou odděluje od afrických tropických pralesů, resp. <a href="/wiki/Savana" title="Savana">savan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aktualne_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aktualne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zahrnuje pás semiaridních travnatých pastvin (<a href="/wiki/Step" title="Step">stepí</a> a savan), táhnoucích se tisíce kilometrů napříč <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" title="Kontinent">kontinentem</a> podél 13. rovnoběžky (od 12. po 18. stupeň severní zeměpisné šířky)<sup id="cite_ref-aktualne_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aktualne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> od západu k východu, na území <a href="/wiki/Maurit%C3%A1nie" title="Mauritánie">Mauritánie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkiny Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Nigeru</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad">Čadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAd%C3%A1n" title="Súdán">Súdánu</a> a <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritreje</a>. Území se vyznačuje mimořádně horkým a suchým klimatem. Probíhá zde také projekt <a href="/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_zelen%C3%A1_ze%C4%8F" title="Velká zelená zeď">Velké zelené zdi</a>, který má zabránit pokračujícímu procesu <a href="/wiki/Dezertifikace" title="Dezertifikace">rozšiřování pouště</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Původ_slova"><span id="P.C5.AFvod_slova"></span>Původ slova</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Původ slova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Původ slova"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Výraz „Sahel“ pochází z arabského slova „<i>sáhil</i>“, to je pobřeží, což znamená okraj pevniny, velkého počátku a definitivního konce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klima_a_vegetace">Klima a vegetace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Klima a vegetace" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Klima a vegetace"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Je zde suché podnebí, ročně naprší přibližně 250 mm, a to v pravidelných až 3 měsíce trvajících obdobích dešťů (nejčastěji letní měsíce). Suchomilná vegetace řídkých <a href="/wiki/Savana" title="Savana">savan</a> umožňuje pastevní chov <a href="/wiki/Dobytek" title="Dobytek">dobytka</a>. V důsledku katastrofálního sucha, které na přelomu 60. a 70. let 20. století zasáhlo Sahel (sucho v období let 1968–1974 si vyžádalo půl miliónu obětí), se zhoršily životní podmínky v této oblasti.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pro Sahel byl vypracován dlouhodobý plán rozvoje ve spolupráci států Sahelu a mezinárodních organizací (<a href="/wiki/Africk%C3%A1_unie" title="Africká unie">Africká unie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organizace_spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rod%C5%AF" title="Organizace spojených národů">OSN</a>). K dalším katastrofálním suchům zde došlo v obdobích 1639–1643, 1738–1756 a v letech 1913 a 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V přechodné zóně na okraji Sahary kolísá roční úhrn dešťových srážek od 150 mm na severu až po 610 mm na vlhčím jihu. V důsledku ohřívání oceánů od počátků 20. století se pozměnilo schéma srážek. Od 60. let 20. století se Sahel přesunul jižně a zůstala zde vyprahlá plocha. Plochy zeleně vyschly a stáda dobytka se neměla kde pást. Oblast dešťů dnes nesahá tak daleko na sever, jako v letech 1930–1960. Zmizením vegetace na severu Sahelu se začaly objevovat rozsáhlé písečné duny. Tyto duny pronikly až do některých vesnic. V důsledku <a href="/wiki/Glob%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_oteplov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Globální oteplování">globálního oteplování</a> vědci předpokládají, že dešťové srážky budou méně časté a spolehlivé, nelze ale ani vyloučit, že se v různou dobu a na různých místech budou objevovat prudké i mírné deště. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bezpečnostní_situace"><span id="Bezpe.C4.8Dnostn.C3.AD_situace"></span>Bezpečnostní situace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Bezpečnostní situace" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Bezpečnostní situace"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V oblasti západního Sahelu operuje několik <a href="/wiki/Terorismus" title="Terorismus">teroristických</a> organizací, například <a href="/wiki/Al-K%C3%A1ida_v_isl%C3%A1msk%C3%A9m_Maghrebu" title="Al-Káida v islámském Maghrebu">Al-Káida v islámském Maghrebu</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusrat_al-Isl%C3%A1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusrat al-Islám (stránka neexistuje)">Nusrat al-Islám</a>; spekuluje se také o přítomnosti <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1msk%C3%BD_st%C3%A1t" title="Islámský stát">Islámského státu</a> a o napojení na skupinu <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a>. K dalším organizacím patří <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A1msk%C3%BD_st%C3%A1t_v_regionu_Sahary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islámský stát v regionu Sahary (stránka neexistuje)">Islámský stát v regionu Sahary</a> (ISGS), <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> s napojením na <a href="/wiki/Al-K%C3%A1ida" title="Al-Káida">al-Káidu</a> společně s přidruženou skupinou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katiba_Macina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katiba Macina (stránka neexistuje)">Katiba Macina</a>, převážně v Burkině Faso působící <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansarul_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansarul Islam (stránka neexistuje)">Ansarul Islam</a> a několik dalších místních ozbrojených skupin. Některé skupiny se do oblasti pravděpodobně stáhly po pádu libyjského vůdce <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Kadd%C3%A1f%C3%AD" title="Muammar Kaddáfí">Muammara Kaddáfího</a> v roce 2011. Organizace rekrutují nové mladé členy z řad zdejšího extrémně chudého obyvatelstva (státy Sahelu patří k nejméně rozvinutým na světě) a na obrovském území provádějí bombové útoky<sup id="cite_ref-ln_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ln-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ct24_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ct24-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – k největším patřil útok v <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad">Čadu</a>, při němž v březnu 2020 zemřelo více než 90 vojáků.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epicentrem činnosti teroristických skupin je styk hranic <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Nigeru</a> a <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkiny Faso</a>, některá území Čadu a oblast východní <a href="/wiki/Maurit%C3%A1nie" title="Mauritánie">Mauritánie</a>. Skupiny svou činnost financují z nelegální <a href="/wiki/T%C4%9B%C5%BEba_zlata" title="Těžba zlata">těžby zlata</a>, dále z výnosů z <a href="/wiki/Obchod_s_lidmi" title="Obchod s lidmi">obchodu s lidmi</a>, zbraněmi a drogami.<sup id="cite_ref-ln_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ln-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ct24_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ct24-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Útoky si vyžádaly přibližně 10 000 mrtvých (počet obětí se meziročně zvyšuje) a své domovy muselo opustit přes milion lidí.<sup id="cite_ref-ct24_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ct24-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nestabilní bezpečnostní situace v oblasti má dále za následek pokračující <a href="/wiki/Lidsk%C3%A1_migrace" title="Lidská migrace">migraci</a> místních obyvatel do <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evropy</a> (přes území <a href="/wiki/Libye" title="Libye">Libye</a> nebo ze <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Afrika" title="Západní Afrika">západoafrických</a> přístavů kolem pobřeží <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroka</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ln_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ln-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V roce 2014 byla založena skupina <a href="/w/index.php?title=G5_Sahel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G5 Sahel (stránka neexistuje)">G5 Sahel</a>, společná platforma pěti zemí západního Sahelu (<a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad">Čad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurit%C3%A1nie" title="Mauritánie">Mauritánie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>) pro koordinaci společného postupu při řešení situace v oblasti. V témže roce byla také zahájena operace <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barkhane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barkhane (stránka neexistuje)">Barkhane</a>, v jejímž rámci v regionu operuje více než 5000 <a href="/wiki/Ozbrojen%C3%A9_s%C3%ADly_Francie" title="Ozbrojené síly Francie">francouzských vojáků</a> (země G5 Sahel jsou vesměs bývalé <a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_koloni%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Francouzská koloniální říše">francouzské kolonie</a> a ve většině případů nástupnické státy <a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Afrika" title="Francouzská Západní Afrika">Francouzské Západní Afriky</a>); součástí mise jsou také <a href="/wiki/Estonsk%C3%A9_pozemn%C3%AD_s%C3%ADly" title="Estonské pozemní síly">estonští vojáci</a> a v lednu 2020 bylo rozhodnuto o zapojení přibližně 60 českých vojáků.<sup id="cite_ref-ln_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ln-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obyvatelstvo">Obyvatelstvo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Obyvatelstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Obyvatelstvo"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sahel obývá velké množství <a href="/wiki/Etnikum" title="Etnikum">etnických</a> skupin – například <a href="/wiki/Bambarov%C3%A9" title="Bambarové">Bambarové</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulbov%C3%A9" title="Fulbové">Fulbové</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabov%C3%A9" title="Arabové">Arabové</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuaregov%C3%A9" title="Tuaregové">Tuaregové</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantuov%C3%A9" title="Bantuové">Bantuové</a> – a nachází se zde množství jazyků v rozličných dialektech. V náboženské oblasti vládne <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">islám</a> (většinově <a href="/wiki/Sunnitsk%C3%BD_isl%C3%A1m" title="Sunnitský islám">sunnitský</a>, ale silné zastoupení má v zemích jako <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad">Čad</a> také bezkonfesijní islám).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Při jižním okraji Sahelu podle <a href="/wiki/Afrikanistika" title="Afrikanistika">afrikanisty</a> <a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ej_Havelka_(cestovatel)" title="Ondřej Havelka (cestovatel)">Ondřeje Havelky</a> stále existuje nemálo <a href="/wiki/Tradi%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_africk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD" title="Tradiční africká náboženství">tradičních afrických náboženství</a>, například <a href="/wiki/Vodun" title="Vodun">vodun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serer (stránka neexistuje)">serer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bori" title="Bori">bori</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Juju_(n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD)" title="Juju (náboženství)">juju</a> a jejich synkretismů s islámem a křesťanstvím.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamější islám bývá vzhledem k inklinaci k <a href="/wiki/Synkretismus" title="Synkretismus">synkretismům</a> nazýván <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Islam (stránka neexistuje)">Black Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Známí jsou také sahelští <a href="/wiki/Dervi%C5%A1" title="Derviš">dervíšové</a> nebo muslimští předáci nazývaní <a href="/wiki/Marabut" title="Marabut">marabuti</a>, kteří jsou zároveň kněžími tradičního náboženství.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aktualne-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-aktualne_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aktualne_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">ZAH, Red. Africká sucha přinesou katastrofu. <i><a href="/wiki/Aktu%C3%A1ln%C4%9B.cz" title="Aktuálně.cz">Aktuálně.cz</a></i> [online]. <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">Economia</a>, 2005-11-30 [cit. 2020-07-13]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/zahranici/africka-sucha-prinesou-katastrofu/r~i:article:3993/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Aktu%C3%A1ln%C4%9B.cz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzpravy.aktualne.cz%2Fzahranici%2Fafricka-sucha-prinesou-katastrofu%2Fr~i%3Aarticle%3A3993%2F&rft.atitle=Africk%C3%A1+sucha+p%C5%99inesou+katastrofu&rft.date=2005-11-30&rft.aulast=Zah&rft.aufirst=Red&rft.pub=Economia"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Smrtící sucha v Africe souvisela se znečištěním na severní polokouli. <i>National-geographic.cz</i> [online]. 2013-06-07 [cit. 2020-07-13]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.national-geographic.cz/clanky/smrtici-sucha-v-africe-souvisela-se-znecistenim-na-severni-polokouli.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=National-geographic.cz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.national-geographic.cz%2Fclanky%2Fsmrtici-sucha-v-africe-souvisela-se-znecistenim-na-severni-polokouli.html&rft.atitle=Smrt%C3%ADc%C3%AD+sucha+v+Africe+souvisela+se+zne%C4%8Di%C5%A1t%C4%9Bn%C3%ADm+na+severn%C3%AD+polokouli&rft.date=2013-06-07"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Holman" title="Robert Holman">HOLMAN, Robert</a>. <i>Ekonomie</i>. 5. vyd. [s.l.]: C. H. Beck, 2011. 696 s. S. 388.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Ekonomie&rft.aulast=Holman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.pub=C.+H.+Beck&rft.date=2011&rft.edition=5&rft.tpages=696&rft.pages=388"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ln-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ln_4-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ln_4-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ln_4-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ln_4-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">ŠTĚPÁNEK, Vít. Anarchie v Sahelu straší Evropu. <i><a href="/wiki/Lidov%C3%A9_noviny" title="Lidové noviny">Lidové noviny</a></i>. 2020-07-04, roč. 33, čís. 155, s. 6.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BLidov%C3%A9+noviny%5D%5D&rft.atitle=Anarchie+v+Sahelu+stra%C5%A1%C3%AD+Evropu&rft.date=2020-07-04&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=155&rft.pages=6&rft.aulast=%C5%A0t%C4%9Bp%C3%A1nek&rft.aufirst=V%C3%ADt"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ct24-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ct24_5-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ct24_5-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ct24_5-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">KEJLOVÁ, Tamara. Když Islámský stát spojí síly s al-Káidou. Ze Sahelu je „francouzský Afghánistán“, Afričané se bouří. <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%8CT24" title="ČT24">ČT24</a></i> [online]. 2020-04-08 [cit. 2020-07-13]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/svet/3072844-kdyz-islamsky-stat-spoji-sily-s-al-kaidou-ze-sahelu-je-francouzsky-afghanistan-africane#articlewithopenedgallery">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=%5B%5B%C4%8CT24%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fct24.ceskatelevize.cz%2Fsvet%2F3072844-kdyz-islamsky-stat-spoji-sily-s-al-kaidou-ze-sahelu-je-francouzsky-afghanistan-africane%23articlewithopenedgallery&rft.atitle=Kdy%C5%BE+Isl%C3%A1msk%C3%BD+st%C3%A1t+spoj%C3%AD+s%C3%ADly+s+al-K%C3%A1idou.+Ze+Sahelu+je+%E2%80%9Efrancouzsk%C3%BD+Afgh%C3%A1nist%C3%A1n%E2%80%9C%2C+Afri%C4%8Dan%C3%A9+se+bou%C5%99%C3%AD&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft.aulast=Kejlov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Tamara"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Povstalci z Boko Haram zabili skoro stovku vojáků v Čadu. <i><a href="/wiki/Novinky.cz" title="Novinky.cz">Novinky.cz</a></i> [online]. Borgis, 2020-03-25 [cit. 2020-07-13]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novinky.cz/zahranicni/svet/clanek/povstalci-z-boko-haram-zabili-skoro-stovku-vojaku-v-cadu-40317952">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Novinky.cz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinky.cz%2Fzahranicni%2Fsvet%2Fclanek%2Fpovstalci-z-boko-haram-zabili-skoro-stovku-vojaku-v-cadu-40317952&rft.atitle=Povstalci+z+Boko+Haram+zabili+skoro+stovku+voj%C3%A1k%C5%AF+v+%C4%8Cadu&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft.pub=Borgis"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Mali, Niger a Čad. Zapojení českých vojáků do protiteroristické operace v Africe má zelenou od vlády. <i><a href="/wiki/IROZHLAS" title="IROZHLAS">iROZHLAS</a></i> [online]. <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Český rozhlas">Český rozhlas</a>, 2020-01-27 [cit. 2020-07-13]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/armada-cr-mali-niger-cad-operace-barkhane-boj-proti-terorismu_2001271127_kro">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=iROZHLAS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irozhlas.cz%2Fzpravy-domov%2Farmada-cr-mali-niger-cad-operace-barkhane-boj-proti-terorismu_2001271127_kro&rft.atitle=Mali%2C+Niger+a+%C4%8Cad.+Zapojen%C3%AD+%C4%8Desk%C3%BDch+voj%C3%A1k%C5%AF+do+protiteroristick%C3%A9+operace+v+Africe+m%C3%A1+zelenou+od+vl%C3%A1dy&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft.pub=%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD+rozhlas"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ej_Havelka_(cestovatel)" title="Ondřej Havelka (cestovatel)">HAVELKA, Ondřej</a>. Islám v Africe: Pevná tradice, výjimečné univerzity i synkretismy. <i>Dingir</i>. 2023, roč. 26, čís. 1, s. 2–6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dingir.cz/index.php?co=cislo/23/1">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Dingir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dingir.cz%2Findex.php%3Fco%3Dcislo%2F23%2F1&rft.atitle=Isl%C3%A1m+v+Africe%3A+Pevn%C3%A1+tradice%2C+v%C3%BDjime%C4%8Dn%C3%A9+univerzity+i+synkretismy&rft.date=2023&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2%E2%80%936&rft.aulast=Havelka&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ej_Havelka_(cestovatel)" title="Ondřej Havelka (cestovatel)">HAVELKA, Ondřej</a>. Synkretismus katolického křesťanství a západoafrického vodunu z teologicko-etické perspektivy. <i>Studia Theologica</i>. 2021-12-01, roč. 23, čís. 3, s. 149–174. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studiatheologica.eu/doi/10.5507/sth.2021.033.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-09-04]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5507%2Fsth.2021.033">10.5507/sth.2021.033</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Studia+Theologica&rft_id=info:doi/10.5507%2Fsth.2021.033&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudiatheologica.eu%2Fdoi%2F10.5507%2Fsth.2021.033.html&rft.atitle=Synkretismus+katolick%C3%A9ho+k%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD+a+z%C3%A1padoafrick%C3%A9ho+vodunu+z+teologicko-etick%C3%A9+perspektivy&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=149%E2%80%93174&rft.aulast=Havelka&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">HAVELKA, Ondřej. Africký islám 1/2: Kořeny. <i>Dingir</i> [online]. [cit. 2023-05-07]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://info.dingir.cz/2023/05/africky-islam-1-2-koreny/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Dingir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfo.dingir.cz%2F2023%2F05%2Fafricky-islam-1-2-koreny%2F&rft.atitle=Africk%C3%BD+isl%C3%A1m+1%2F2%3A+Ko%C5%99eny&rft.aulast=Havelka&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">O´BRIEN, Cruise. <i>The Mourides of Senegal: The Political and Economic Organization of an Islamic Brotherhood</i>. 1. vyd. London: Oxford University Press, 1971. S. 259–268.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=The+Mourides+of+Senegal%3A+The+Political+and+Economic+Organization+of+an+Islamic+Brotherhood&rft.aulast=O%C2%B4BRIEN&rft.aufirst=Cruise&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.edition=1&rft.pages=259%E2%80%93268"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahel&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sahel" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Sahel">Sahel</a></span> na <a 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