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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1281" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1281"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naissances en 1281</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1281-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1281" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1281"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Décès en 1281</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1281-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1281</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 137 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1281 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1281 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B8%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۸۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۸۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7" title="১২৮১ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২৮১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১২৮১ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২৮১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281." title="1281. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1281." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1281 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1281 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1281 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1281 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A8%D9%A1" title="١٢٨١ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢٨١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B8%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۸۱ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۸۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%E5%B9%B4" title="1281年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1281年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="१२८१ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२८१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281." title="1281. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1281." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1281 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1281 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%E5%B9%B4" title="1281年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1281年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1281 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1281 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%EB%85%84" title="1281년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1281년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_m." title="1281 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1281 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281._gads" title="1281. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1281. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १२८१ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२८१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_%D0%B8" title="1281 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1281 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%88%E1%81%81" title="၁၂၈၁ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၈၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B8%DB%B1" title="۱۲۸۱ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۸۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् १२८१ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२८१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୨୮୧ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୮୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1281-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1281-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="१२८१ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२८१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1281 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1281 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="१२८१ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२८१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%D8%B9" title="1281ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1281ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281." title="1281. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1281." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1281" title="Соли 1281 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1281" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1824" title="พ.ศ. 1824 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1824" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1281 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1281 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%D8%A1" title="1281ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1281ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%E5%B9%B4" title="1281年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1281年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281" title="1281 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1281" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%E5%B9%B4" title="1281年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1281年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281_n%C3%AE" title="1281 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1281 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1281%E5%B9%B4" title="1281年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1281年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5537#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1281" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:1281" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1281"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item 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href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/1281" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&oldid=216340750" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=1281&id=216340750&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1281"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1281"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1281"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=1281&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Redirection" title="Aide:Redirection"><img alt="Page d’aide sur les redirections" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/20px-Arrows-move.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/40px-Arrows-move.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1281</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. Pour l'année 1281 av. J.-C., voir <a href="/wiki/1281_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="1281 av. J.-C.">1281 av. J.-C.</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/220px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/330px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/440px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Des samouraïs japonais abordant des navires mongols. <i><a href="/wiki/Rouleaux_illustr%C3%A9s_des_invasions_mongoles" title="Rouleaux illustrés des invasions mongoles">Rouleaux illustrés des invasions mongoles</a></i> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">蒙古襲来絵詞</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Mōko shūrai ekotoba</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aide:Japonais" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>, vers <a href="/wiki/1293" title="1293">1293</a>.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1278" title="1278">1278</a> <a href="/wiki/1279" title="1279">1279</a> <a href="/wiki/1280" title="1280">1280</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1281</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1282" title="1282">1282</a> <a href="/wiki/1283" title="1283">1283</a> <a href="/wiki/1284" title="1284">1284</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1250" title="Années 1250">1250</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1260" title="Années 1260">1260</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1270" title="Années 1270">1270</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1280" title="Années 1280">1280</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1290" title="Années 1290">1290</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1300" title="Années 1300">1300</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1310" title="Années 1310">1310</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle">XI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle">XII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle">XV<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r223867407">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavContent{display:block;margin:0;text-align:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{padding:2px;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavPic{padding:2px;float:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavEnd{height:0;clear:both}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}</style><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1281 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>(,)</small> et * <a href="/wiki/1281_dans_les_croisades" title="1281 dans les croisades">Croisades</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1281 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1281_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1281 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1281&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/40px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1281</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_mercredi" title="Année commune commençant un mercredi">commence un mercredi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janvier" title="Janvier">Janvier</a> : traité commercial et politique entre le sultan <a href="/wiki/Mamelouk" title="Mamelouk">mamelouk</a> d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte" title="Égypte">Égypte</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mans%C3%BBr_Sayf_ad-D%C3%AEn_Qala%27%C3%BBn_al-Alfi" title="Al-Mansûr Sayf ad-Dîn Qala'ûn al-Alfi">Qala'ûn</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Empereur_byzantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Empereur byzantin">empereur byzantin</a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_VIII_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Michel VIII Paléologue">Michel VIII Paléologue</a>, qui garantit à l'Égypte son approvisionnement en esclaves par la route des <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9troits" title="Détroits">Détroits</a><sup id="cite_ref-n2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14_ao%C3%BBt" title="14 août">14</a> - <a href="/wiki/15_ao%C3%BBt" title="15 août">15 août</a> : <a href="/wiki/Invasions_mongoles_du_Japon#L'invasion_de_1281" title="Invasions mongoles du Japon">deuxième tentative infructueuse d'invasion</a> du <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> par les <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. Leur flotte est détruite par le vent divin (<i>kami kaze</i>) de la tempête<sup id="cite_ref-n1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <dl><dd>Après la défaite de <a href="/wiki/1274" title="1274">1274</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kubilai_Khan" title="Kubilai Khan">Kubilaï</a> lance rapidement la construction d'une nouvelle armada, présentée comme la flotte la plus importante avant le <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>. Comme sept ans auparavant, la flotte mongole part de <a href="/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e" title="Corée">Corée</a> et occupe les îles du sud du Japon, puis 45 000 soldats Mongols et 120 000 Coréens et Chinois débarquent dans les îles <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hirado" title="Hirado">Hirado</a> et Takashima, mais les forces mongoles ne peuvent arracher qu’une victoire insignifiante contre les Japonais qui se défendent avec acharnement. Un typhon aurait dispersé la flotte mongole dans la baie de Hataka, à proximité de <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a> (<a href="/wiki/15_ao%C3%BBt" title="15 août">15 août</a>) et les envahisseurs sont exterminés jusqu’au dernier.</dd> <dd>Plus de 4000 navires coulent et 130 000 mongols et coréens périssent. Le Japon vénère encore aujourd'hui ce « vent divin » qui l'a protégé<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:1281BattleOfHoms.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1281BattleOfHoms.JPG/250px-1281BattleOfHoms.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1281BattleOfHoms.JPG/330px-1281BattleOfHoms.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1281BattleOfHoms.JPG/500px-1281BattleOfHoms.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/29_octobre" title="29 octobre">29 octobre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_bataille_de_Homs" title="Deuxième bataille de Homs">deuxième bataille de Homs</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/29_octobre" title="29 octobre">29 octobre</a> : l’armée mongole d’<a href="/wiki/Abaqa" title="Abaqa">Abaqa</a> est <a href="/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_bataille_de_Homs" title="Deuxième bataille de Homs">vaincue</a> par le sultan <a href="/wiki/Mamelouk" title="Mamelouk">mamelouk</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mans%C3%BBr_Sayf_ad-D%C3%AEn_Qala%27%C3%BBn_al-Alfi" title="Al-Mansûr Sayf ad-Dîn Qala'ûn al-Alfi">Qala'ûn</a> près de <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a><sup id="cite_ref-n1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Le baile angevin établi à <a href="/wiki/Acre_(Isra%C3%ABl)" title="Acre (Israël)">Acre</a> reste neutre, et favorise ainsi la victoire des mamelouks<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La trêve est renouvelée entre <a href="/wiki/Acre_(Isra%C3%ABl)" title="Acre (Israël)">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Tripoli" title="Comté de Tripoli">Tripoli</a> et le sultan mamelouk. Mais les Arméniens et les Hospitaliers ont ouvertement appuyé les Mongols (cf. <a href="/wiki/1285" title="1285">1285</a>).</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>À la mort d'<a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Ertuğrul">Ertuğrul</a>, son fils <a href="/wiki/Osman_Ier" title="Osman Ier">Osman <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> Gazi</a>, fondateur de la <a href="/wiki/Dynastie_ottomane" title="Dynastie ottomane">dynastie ottomane</a>, lui succède jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1326" title="1326">1326</a>. Il se proclame indépendant et prend le titre de sultan en <a href="/wiki/1299" title="1299">1299</a> et progresse vers <a href="/wiki/Iznik" class="mw-redirect" title="Iznik">Iznik</a> et <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Brousse</a> (<a href="/wiki/1325" title="1325">1325</a>) aux dépens des Byzantins<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autodaf%C3%A9" title="Autodafé">autodafé</a> d’ouvrages taoïstes suspects et restitution de couvents usurpés par les taoïstes aux bouddhistes<sup id="cite_ref-n1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a>, le roi <a href="/wiki/Mengrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengrai">Mengrai</a> s'empare d'<a href="/wiki/Haripunchai" class="mw-redirect" title="Haripunchai">Haripunchai</a> (actuelle <a href="/wiki/Lamphun" title="Lamphun">Lamphun</a>) et l'intègre au <a href="/wiki/Lanna" title="Lanna">Lanna</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19_janvier" title="19 janvier">19 janvier</a> : un jour de <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> à <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, les officiers du roi <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_X_de_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse X de Castille">Alphonse X de Castille</a> arrêtent tous les <a href="/wiki/Juifs" title="Juifs">Juifs</a> rassemblés dans leurs synagogues et ne les libèrent que contre une énorme imposition globale (12 000 maravédis par jour, selon les textes, durant un an)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23_mars" title="23 mars">23 mars</a> : début du <a href="/wiki/Pontificat" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificat">pontificat</a> de <a href="/wiki/Martin_IV" title="Martin IV">Martin IV</a> (jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1285" title="1285">1285</a>). Simon de Brion est élu à <a href="/wiki/Viterbe" title="Viterbe">Viterbe</a> le <a href="/wiki/22_f%C3%A9vrier" title="22 février">22 février</a> sous la pression de <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ier_d%27Anjou" title="Charles Ier d'Anjou">Charles <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Anjou</a> : il sera l’homme du parti français<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_avril" title="3 avril">3 avril</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : écrasement des troupes de <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ier_d%27Anjou" title="Charles Ier d'Anjou">Charles <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Anjou</a> par les troupes <a href="/wiki/Empire_byzantin" title="Empire byzantin">byzantines</a> devant <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Albanie" title="Albanie">Albanie</a>, où les possessions latines sont condamnées. Le général <a href="/wiki/Hugues_de_Sully" title="Hugues de Sully">Hugues de Sully</a> est fait prisonnier.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_juillet" title="3 juillet">3 juillet</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : traité d’Orvieto : <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Venise" title="République de Venise">Venise</a> et <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Naples" title="Royaume de Naples">Naples</a> s’allient à l’empereur latin <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Ier_de_Courtenay" title="Philippe Ier de Courtenay">Philippe de Courtenay</a> « <i>pour le rétablissement de l’Empire romain usurpé par Paléologue</i> ». <a href="/wiki/Michel_VIII_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Michel VIII Paléologue">Michel VIII Paléologue</a> est excommunié par le pape. Jean, seigneur de Grande Valachie (<a href="/wiki/Thessalie" title="Thessalie">Thessalie</a>), les <a href="/wiki/Bulgares" title="Bulgares">Bulgares</a> et le tsar serbe <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9fan_Mil%C3%BBtine" class="mw-redirect" title="Stéfan Milûtine">Stéfan Milûtine</a> se joignent à la coalition. Les Serbes envahissent aussitôt la <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Mac%C3%A9doine" title="Royaume de Macédoine">Macédoine</a> du Sud.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>En <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8te" title="Crète">Crète</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_VIII_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Michel VIII Paléologue">Michel VIII Paléologue</a> encourage la révolte d’Alexis Kalergis<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contre Venise (1281-<a href="/wiki/1299" title="1299">1299</a>), puis la révolte des <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AApres_siciliennes" title="Vêpres siciliennes">Vêpres siciliennes</a></i> contre <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ier_d%27Anjou" title="Charles Ier d'Anjou">Charles <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Anjou</a> (mars <a href="/wiki/1282" title="1282">1282</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_III_de_Russie" class="mw-redirect" title="André III de Russie">André III Alexandrovitch de Gorodets</a> devient grand-prince de <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Souzdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir-Souzdal">Vladimir</a> aux dépens de son frère <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Ier_Vladimirski" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitri Ier Vladimirski">Dimitri</a> avec l'aide de la <a href="/wiki/Horde_d%27or" title="Horde d'or">Horde d'or</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1283" title="1283">1283</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Construction de la <a href="/wiki/Forteresse_teutonique_de_Marienbourg" title="Forteresse teutonique de Marienbourg">forteresse teutonique de Marienbourg</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pom%C3%A9ranie" title="Poméranie">Poméranie</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1281"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1281" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1281">Naissances en 1281</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1281" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1281"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1281" title="Naissance en 1281">Naissance en 1281</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1281"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1281"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1281" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1281">Décès en 1281</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1281" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1281"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1281" title="Décès en 1281">Décès en 1281</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-n2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-n2_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=DivRsJGJaKwC&pg=PA84"><i>From slave to sultan: the career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the consolidation of Mamluk rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.)</i>, par Linda Northrup Publié par Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-515-06861-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-515-06861-1"><span class="nowrap">978-3-515-06861-1</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-n1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-n1_2-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-n1_2-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Grousset1938"><span class="ouvrage" id="René_Grousset1938"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Grousset" title="René Grousset">René Grousset</a>, <cite class="italique">L’empire des steppes, Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Payot_(%C3%A9ditions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Payot (éditions)">Payot</a>, 1938, quatrième édition, 1965, (version .pdf) 669 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1522/24883187">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/grousset_rene/empire_des_steppes/grousset_steppes.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%E2%80%99empire+des+steppes%2C+Attila%2C+Gengis-Khan%2C+Tamerlan&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Payot&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.date=1965&rft.tpages=%28version+.pdf%29+669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1281"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cette vision « classique » est modérée par les historiens contemporains, tels Thomas Conlan (In Little Need of Divine Intervention: Takesaki Suenaga's Scrolls of the Mongol Invasions of Japan. Cornell Univ., East Asia Series No. 113, 2002), qui estime que les effectifs ont été très largement surestimés. Thomas Conlan tient de même le typhon pour un mythe.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Morrisson2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cécile_Morrisson2012">Cécile Morrisson, <cite class="italique">Les Croisades - Chapitre III : Les croisades du XIIIe siècle : déviations et impuissance</cite>, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/les-croisades--9782130591825-page-51.htm">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 51 à 76<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Croisades+-+Chapitre+III+%3A+Les+croisades+du+XIIIe+si%C3%A8cle+%3A+d%C3%A9viations+et+impuissance&rft.aulast=Morrisson&rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9cile&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=51+%C3%A0+76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1281"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=lCMsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA18"><i>L'Univers: histoire et description de tous les peuples …</i>, publié par F. Didot frères, 1840</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=7Q7tDcPIEgMC&pg=PA164"><i>Alfonso X and the Cantigas de Santa Maria: A Poetic Biography, par Joseph F. O'Callaghan</i>, Publié par BRILL, 1998</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-11023-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-11023-6"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-11023-6</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=uVATAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA276"><i>Cours d'histoire des états européens</i>, de Frédéric Schoell</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/brehier_louis/monde_byzantin/brehier_vie_et_mort_byzance.doc"><i>Vie et mort de Byzance</i>, de Louis Bréhier</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realiteplus.info/sections/Croyances/Dossier_MES/mission/GLANU37.HTM">Les Glanures 3-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=PMRGAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Alexis+Kalergis%22&pgis=1#search"><i>La république du lion</i>, de Alvise Zorzi, Jacques Roque</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=SipBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA118"><i>Histoire de Russie, depuis les temps les plus recules jusqu'à nos jours</i>, par Charles Barthélemy Publié par A. Mame, 1856</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hubault1893"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gustave_Hubault1893">Gustave Hubault, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Europe et de la France jusqu'en 1270</cite>, Delagrave, <time>1893</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=K2kXDgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT268">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Europe+et+de+la+France+jusqu%27en+1270&rft.pub=Delagrave&rft.aulast=Hubault&rft.aufirst=Gustave&rft.date=1893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1281"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1281/">L’année 1281</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_tardif" title="Portail du Moyen Âge tardif"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg/40px-John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg/60px-John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="489" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_tardif" title="Portail:Moyen Âge tardif">Portail du Moyen Âge tardif</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1281&oldid=216340750">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1281&oldid=216340750</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:1281" title="Catégorie:1281">1281</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_tardif/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Moyen Âge tardif/Articles liés">Portail:Moyen Âge tardif/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Moyen Âge/Articles liés">Portail:Moyen Âge/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 28 juin 2024 à 18:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. 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