Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson´s disease (guideline of the German Society for Neurology)

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equal_contrib=False), Author(firstnames='Karsten', lastname='Witt', initials='K', affs=[], is_editor=False, suffix=None, equal_contrib=False), Author(firstnames='Dirk', lastname='Woitalla', initials='D', affs=[], is_editor=False, suffix=None, equal_contrib=False), Author(firstnames='Kirsten', lastname='Zeuner', initials='K', affs=[], is_editor=False, suffix=None, equal_contrib=False)], affs=[]), Claudia Trenkwalder, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson´s disease (guideline of the German Society for Neurology) - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38845028/"><meta property="og:description" content="This guidance reflects the state of the art at the beginning of 2024."><meta property="og:image" 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class="search-links"> <a href="/advanced/" class="search-input-link adv-search-link" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a> <a href="/clipboard/" class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="clipboard"> Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span> </a> </div> <span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide"> <a href="/help/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="user_guide"> User Guide </a> </span> </div> </div> </form> <div id="article-page-header"> <div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="actions-container"> <div class="return-to-search"> </div> <div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to"> <button id="save-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="save-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="open"> Save </button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="email-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="open"> Email </button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger" type="button" class="trigger more-actions-trigger" ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn" aria-label="Send to" aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link " href="#" role="button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="clipboard" data-ga-label="send"> Clipboard </a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38845028%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38845028%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container"> <div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Save citation to file </h2> <form id="save-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector"> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="csv">CSV</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel" ref="linksrc=close_save_panel" aria-controls="save-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="email-action-panel" class="email-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback" data-recaptcha-enabled="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Email citation </h2> <form id="email-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/send-email/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/send-email/" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post" method="post" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <span class="action-panel-label"> Subject: </span> <span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 38845028 - PubMed</span> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 38845028"/> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="ca0fff32adac309b322df1af9d298bf0c18c87b5c49d6aee6a7fc189ece9887e"/> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> To: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label"> From: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format"> <option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option> </select> </div> <div class="include-supplemental-container"> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental"> <label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label> </div> <div class="form-field recaptcha "> <div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div> </div> <div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="send"> Send email </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel" ref="linksrc=close_email_panel" aria-controls="email-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="collections-action-panel" class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false" data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to Collections </h3> <form id="collections-action-panel-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> <div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ab6h2tNn6Sy0jzP6flGgzuyZFhZkXkS2PIFQllndxOz0RIyM5G6fZmhSUDOduICI"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38845028"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item pmc dialog-focus" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/38845028/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=38845028&db=pubmed&nlmid=101767802" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="38845028" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38845028/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38845028/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link 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Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=German+Parkinson%E2%80%99s+Guidelines+Committee%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="German Parkinson’s Guidelines Committee">German Parkinson’s Guidelines Committee</a><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Trenkwalder+C&cauthor_id=38845028" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claudia Trenkwalder">Claudia Trenkwalder</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Fachklinik Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Collaborators, Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38845028/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="collaborations"> <h3 class="title"> Collaborators </h3> <ul class="group-list"> <li> <strong class="title">German Parkinson’s Guidelines Committee</strong>: <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=B%C3%A4hr+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mathias Bähr">Mathias Bähr</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Becktepe+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jos Becktepe">Jos Becktepe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Berg+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Daniela Berg">Daniela Berg</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brockmann+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kathrin Brockmann">Kathrin Brockmann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Buhmann+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carsten Buhmann">Carsten Buhmann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ceballos-Baumann+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrés Ceballos-Baumann">Andrés Ceballos-Baumann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cla%C3%9Fen+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joseph Claßen">Joseph Claßen</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Deuschl+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cornelius Deuschl">Cornelius Deuschl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Deuschl+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Günther Deuschl">Günther Deuschl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dodel+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Richard Dodel">Richard Dodel</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ebersbach+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Georg Ebersbach">Georg Ebersbach</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Eggers+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carsten Eggers">Carsten Eggers</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Eimeren+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thilo van Eimeren">Thilo van Eimeren</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fanciulli+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alessandra Fanciulli">Alessandra Fanciulli</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fimm+B" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bruno Fimm">Bruno Fimm</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Folkerts+AK" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ann-Kristin Folkerts">Ann-Kristin Folkerts</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gausepohl+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Madeleine Gausepohl">Madeleine Gausepohl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hasan+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alkomiet Hasan">Alkomiet Hasan</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hermann+W" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wiebke Hermann">Wiebke Hermann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hilker-Roggendorf+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rüdiger Hilker-Roggendorf">Rüdiger Hilker-Roggendorf</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6glinger+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Günter Höglinger">Günter Höglinger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6llerhage+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthias Höllerhage">Matthias Höllerhage</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hopfner+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Franziska Hopfner">Franziska Hopfner</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jost+W" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wolfgang Jost">Wolfgang Jost</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kalbe+E" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Elke Kalbe">Elke Kalbe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kassubek+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jan Kassubek">Jan Kassubek</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Klebe+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stephan Klebe">Stephan Klebe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Klein+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christine Klein">Christine Klein</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Klietz+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martin Klietz">Martin Klietz</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Koeglsperger+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas Koeglsperger">Thomas Koeglsperger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=K%C3%BChn+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrea Kühn">Andrea Kühn</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Krack+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul Krack">Paul Krack</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Krismer+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Florian Krismer">Florian Krismer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kuhlenb%C3%A4umer+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gregor Kuhlenbäumer">Gregor Kuhlenbäumer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Levin+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes Levin">Johannes Levin</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Liepelt-Scarfone+I" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Inga Liepelt-Scarfone">Inga Liepelt-Scarfone</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lingor+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul Lingor">Paul Lingor</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Loewenbr%C3%BCck+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kai Loewenbrück">Kai Loewenbrück</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=L%C3%B6hle+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthias Löhle">Matthias Löhle</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lorenzl+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stefan Lorenzl">Stefan Lorenzl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Maa%C3%9F+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sylvia Maaß">Sylvia Maaß</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Maetzler+W" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Walter Maetzler">Walter Maetzler</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Menzel+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Regina Menzel">Regina Menzel</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Meyer+PT" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Philipp T Meyer">Philipp T Meyer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mollenhauer+B" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brit Mollenhauer">Brit Mollenhauer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Neumann+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Manuela Neumann">Manuela Neumann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Odin+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Per Odin">Per Odin</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Outeiro+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tiago Outeiro">Tiago Outeiro</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=P%C3%B6tter-Nerger+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Monika Pötter-Nerger">Monika Pötter-Nerger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reese+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="René Reese">René Reese</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reetz+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kathrin Reetz">Kathrin Reetz</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rie%C3%9F+O" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Olaf Rieß">Olaf Rieß</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ruf+V" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Viktoria Ruf">Viktoria Ruf</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schneider+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anja Schneider">Anja Schneider</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schrader+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christoph Schrader">Christoph Schrader</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schnitzler+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alfons Schnitzler">Alfons Schnitzler</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Seppi+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Klaus Seppi">Klaus Seppi</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sixel-D%C3%B6ring+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Friederike Sixel-Döring">Friederike Sixel-Döring</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Storch+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexander Storch">Alexander Storch</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=T%C3%B6nges+L" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lars Tönges">Lars Tönges</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Trenkwalder+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claudia Trenkwalder">Claudia Trenkwalder</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Walter+U" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Uwe Walter">Uwe Walter</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=W%C3%A4chter+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tobias Wächter">Tobias Wächter</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Warnecke+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tobias Warnecke">Tobias Warnecke</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wegner+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Florian Wegner">Florian Wegner</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Winkler+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christian Winkler">Christian Winkler</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Witt+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Karsten Witt">Karsten Witt</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Woitalla+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dirk Woitalla">Dirk Woitalla</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zeuner+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kirsten Zeuner">Kirsten Zeuner</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Fachklinik Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38845028</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11157782&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11157782/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11157782 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1186/s42466-024-00325-4&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-024-00325-4" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1186/s42466-024-00325-4 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson´s disease (guideline of the German Society for Neurology) </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Günter Höglinger</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Neurol Res Pract<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2024">2024</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" 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class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Neurological research and practice" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Neurological research and practice" data-pinger-ignore> Neurol Res Pract </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Neurological research and practice"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Neurol+Res+Pract%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" 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class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1186/s42466-024-00325-4. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6glinger+G&cauthor_id=38845028" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Günter Höglinger">Günter Höglinger</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=German+Parkinson%E2%80%99s+Guidelines+Committee%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="German Parkinson’s Guidelines Committee">German Parkinson’s Guidelines Committee</a><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Trenkwalder+C&cauthor_id=38845028" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claudia Trenkwalder">Claudia Trenkwalder</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Fachklinik Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="collaborations"> <h3 class="title"> Collaborators </h3> <ul class="group-list"> <li> <strong class="title">German Parkinson’s Guidelines Committee</strong>: <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=B%C3%A4hr+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mathias Bähr">Mathias Bähr</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Becktepe+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jos Becktepe">Jos Becktepe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Berg+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Daniela Berg">Daniela Berg</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brockmann+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kathrin Brockmann">Kathrin Brockmann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Buhmann+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carsten Buhmann">Carsten Buhmann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ceballos-Baumann+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrés Ceballos-Baumann">Andrés Ceballos-Baumann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cla%C3%9Fen+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joseph Claßen">Joseph Claßen</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Deuschl+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cornelius Deuschl">Cornelius Deuschl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Deuschl+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Günther Deuschl">Günther Deuschl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dodel+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Richard Dodel">Richard Dodel</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ebersbach+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Georg Ebersbach">Georg Ebersbach</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Eggers+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carsten Eggers">Carsten Eggers</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Eimeren+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thilo van Eimeren">Thilo van Eimeren</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fanciulli+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alessandra Fanciulli">Alessandra Fanciulli</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fimm+B" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bruno Fimm">Bruno Fimm</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Folkerts+AK" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ann-Kristin Folkerts">Ann-Kristin Folkerts</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gausepohl+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Madeleine Gausepohl">Madeleine Gausepohl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hasan+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alkomiet Hasan">Alkomiet Hasan</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hermann+W" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wiebke Hermann">Wiebke Hermann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hilker-Roggendorf+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rüdiger Hilker-Roggendorf">Rüdiger Hilker-Roggendorf</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6glinger+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Günter Höglinger">Günter Höglinger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6llerhage+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthias Höllerhage">Matthias Höllerhage</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hopfner+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Franziska Hopfner">Franziska Hopfner</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jost+W" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wolfgang Jost">Wolfgang Jost</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kalbe+E" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Elke Kalbe">Elke Kalbe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kassubek+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jan Kassubek">Jan Kassubek</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Klebe+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stephan Klebe">Stephan Klebe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Klein+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christine Klein">Christine Klein</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Klietz+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martin Klietz">Martin Klietz</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Koeglsperger+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas Koeglsperger">Thomas Koeglsperger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=K%C3%BChn+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrea Kühn">Andrea Kühn</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Krack+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul Krack">Paul Krack</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Krismer+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Florian Krismer">Florian Krismer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kuhlenb%C3%A4umer+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gregor Kuhlenbäumer">Gregor Kuhlenbäumer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Levin+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes Levin">Johannes Levin</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Liepelt-Scarfone+I" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Inga Liepelt-Scarfone">Inga Liepelt-Scarfone</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lingor+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul Lingor">Paul Lingor</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Loewenbr%C3%BCck+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kai Loewenbrück">Kai Loewenbrück</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=L%C3%B6hle+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthias Löhle">Matthias Löhle</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lorenzl+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stefan Lorenzl">Stefan Lorenzl</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Maa%C3%9F+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sylvia Maaß">Sylvia Maaß</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Maetzler+W" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Walter Maetzler">Walter Maetzler</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Menzel+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Regina Menzel">Regina Menzel</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Meyer+PT" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Philipp T Meyer">Philipp T Meyer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mollenhauer+B" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brit Mollenhauer">Brit Mollenhauer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Neumann+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Manuela Neumann">Manuela Neumann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Odin+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Per Odin">Per Odin</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Outeiro+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tiago Outeiro">Tiago Outeiro</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=P%C3%B6tter-Nerger+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Monika Pötter-Nerger">Monika Pötter-Nerger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reese+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="René Reese">René Reese</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reetz+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kathrin Reetz">Kathrin Reetz</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rie%C3%9F+O" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Olaf Rieß">Olaf Rieß</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ruf+V" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Viktoria Ruf">Viktoria Ruf</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schneider+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anja Schneider">Anja Schneider</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schrader+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christoph Schrader">Christoph Schrader</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schnitzler+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alfons Schnitzler">Alfons Schnitzler</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Seppi+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Klaus Seppi">Klaus Seppi</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sixel-D%C3%B6ring+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Friederike Sixel-Döring">Friederike Sixel-Döring</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Storch+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexander Storch">Alexander Storch</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=T%C3%B6nges+L" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lars Tönges">Lars Tönges</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Trenkwalder+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claudia Trenkwalder">Claudia Trenkwalder</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Walter+U" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Uwe Walter">Uwe Walter</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=W%C3%A4chter+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tobias Wächter">Tobias Wächter</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Warnecke+T" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tobias Warnecke">Tobias Warnecke</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wegner+F" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Florian Wegner">Florian Wegner</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Winkler+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christian Winkler">Christian Winkler</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Witt+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Karsten Witt">Karsten Witt</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Woitalla+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dirk Woitalla">Dirk Woitalla</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zeuner+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kirsten Zeuner">Kirsten Zeuner</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. Guenter.Hoeglinger@med.uni-muenchen.de.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Fachklinik Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38845028</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11157782&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11157782/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11157782 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1186/s42466-024-00325-4&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-024-00325-4" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1186/s42466-024-00325-4 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38845028/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38845028/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Introduction: </strong> The aim of this German national guideline is to optimize the clinical care of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in terms of diagnostics, drug and surgical treatment and care. This guidance was prepared for the German Society of Neurology (DGN) in collaboration with the Austrian Society of Neurology (ÖGN) and the Swiss Neurological Society (SNG) for German-speaking countries. The guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PD have been revised by a national expert group and the guideline commission of the DGN at S2k level. The main objective of these guidelines is to optimize the clinical care of PD patients regarding diagnosis, including early detection, technical diagnostic examinations, and pharmacological as well as invasive treatment options. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Recommendations: </strong> The updated PD diagnosis and treatment guidelines are emphasizing optimized clinical care. Key revisions include preferring the name "Parkinson's disease" over previous terms and adopting International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) diagnostic criteria. Recommendations cover genetic and imaging diagnostics, initial pharmacotherapy considering efficacy and patient factors, and tailored pharmacological combinations for complications. Guidelines extend to managing cognitive, affective, psychotic, and autonomic symptoms, along with non-oral therapies like pump therapy and deep brain stimulation. Special situations like akinetic crisis, driving ability, and care concepts are addressed, ensuring comprehensive management for PD patients at various stages and conditions. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusions: </strong> This guidance reflects the state of the art at the beginning of 2024. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Care; Diagnosis; Parkinson’s disease; Treatment. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> © 2024. The Author(s). </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Günter Höglinger has ongoing research collaborations with Roche, UCB, Abbvie; served as a consultant for Abbvie, Alzprotect, Amylyx, Aprinoia, Asceneuron, Bayer, Bial, Biogen, Biohaven, Epidarex, Ferrer, Kyowa Kirin, Lundbeck, Novartis, Retrotope, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda, Teva, UCB; received honoraria for scientific presentations from Abbvie, Bayer, Bial, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Esteve, Kyowa Kirin, Pfizer, Roche, Teva, UCB, Zambon; received publication royalties from Academic Press, Kohlhammer, Springer and Thieme; all without relevant impact on the guidelines and this article.</p> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Claudia Trenkwalder is Section Editor for Neurological Research and Practice.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="fig-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/615c/11157782/1c4daee7d615/42466_2024_325_Fig1_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="708" data-image-height="454" data-image-alt="Fig. 1" data-pmc-id="PMC11157782" data-figure-id="Fig1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/615c/11157782/4f19c2f80022/42466_2024_325_Fig1_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="708"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="454"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Treatment algorithm for pain in… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Treatment algorithm for pain in PD patients; 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