Accelerating Gut Microbiome Research with Robust Sample Collection

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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VOW7fxn69DZX8FFE0CBbpxhkkO3OZEubT0jvK63Nbtba8QqlqiToJ4JT7WAVAP9c"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VOW7fxn69DZX8FFE0CBbpxhkkO3OZEubT0jvK63Nbtba8QqlqiToJ4JT7WAVAP9c"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VOW7fxn69DZX8FFE0CBbpxhkkO3OZEubT0jvK63Nbtba8QqlqiToJ4JT7WAVAP9c"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VOW7fxn69DZX8FFE0CBbpxhkkO3OZEubT0jvK63Nbtba8QqlqiToJ4JT7WAVAP9c"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="37388571"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item pmc dialog-focus" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/37388571/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=37388571&db=pubmed&nlmid=101707674" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="37388571" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/37388571/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/37388571/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="37388571" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37388571%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VOW7fxn69DZX8FFE0CBbpxhkkO3OZEubT0jvK63Nbtba8QqlqiToJ4JT7WAVAP9c"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap 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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Accelerating%20Gut%20Microbiome%20Research%20with%20Robust%20Sample%20Collection%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37388571/" class="share-link share-link-twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Twitter" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="twitter"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37388571/" class="share-link share-link-facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Facebook" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="fb"></a> </li> <li> <div class="share-permalink"> <button class="trigger" title="Show article permalink" ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn"> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Permalink </div> <div class="content"> <input type="text" class="permalink-text" value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37388571/" aria-label="Article permalink"/><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary" title="Copy article permalink" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="link" data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Page navigation </h3> <ul class="items-list"> <li class="heading "> <a href="#heading" aria-label="navigate to Title & authors section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="heading"> Title & authors </a> </li> <li class="abstract "> <a href="#abstract" aria-label="navigate to Abstract section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="abstract"> Abstract </a> </li> <li class="conflict-of-interest "> <a href="#conflict-of-interest" aria-label="navigate to Conflict of interest statement section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="conflict-of-interest"> Conflict of interest statement </a> </li> <li class="figures "> <a href="#figures" aria-label="navigate to Figures section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="figures"> Figures </a> </li> <li class="similar "> <a href="#similar" aria-label="navigate to Similar articles section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="similar"> Similar articles </a> </li> <li class="citedby "> <a href="#citedby" aria-label="navigate to Cited by section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="citedby"> Cited by </a> </li> <li class="references "> <a href="#references" aria-label="navigate to References section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="references"> References </a> </li> <li class="grants "> <a href="#grants" aria-label="navigate to Grants and funding section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="grants"> Grants and funding </a> </li> <li class="linkout "> <a href="#linkout" aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - 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Journal of microbiology and biotechnology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Res+Rev+J+Microbiol+Biotechnol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Res+Rev+J+Microbiol+Biotechnol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Res Rev J Microbiol Biotechnol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Res Rev J Microbiol Biotechnol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Res+Rev+J+Microbiol+Biotechnol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Res Rev J Microbiol Biotechnol"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link 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Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lange+D&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Danielle Lange">Danielle Lange</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Vernon+SD&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Suzanne D Vernon">Suzanne D Vernon</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Carlin+MR&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martha R Carlin">Martha R Carlin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cano+RJ&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Raul J Cano">Raul J Cano</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span 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class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">37388571</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC10308701&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10308701/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC10308701 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Accelerating Gut Microbiome Research with Robust Sample Collection </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Zoe J Zreloff</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Res Rev J Microbiol Biotechnol<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2023 Mar</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/37388571/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div 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href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lange+D&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Danielle Lange">Danielle Lange</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Vernon+SD&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Suzanne D Vernon">Suzanne D Vernon</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Carlin+MR&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martha R Carlin">Martha R Carlin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cano+RJ&cauthor_id=37388571" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Raul J Cano">Raul J Cano</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> The BioCollective, 5650 Washington Street, Unit C9, Denver CO 80216.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">37388571</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC10308701&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10308701/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC10308701 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/37388571/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/37388571/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> Inferior quality of biological material compromises data, slows discovery, and wastes research funds. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease, yet little attention has been given to optimizing collection and processing methods of human stool. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> We collected the entire bowel movement from 2 healthy volunteers: one to examine stool sample heterogeneity and one to test stool sample handling parameters. Sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were used to examine the microbiome composition. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> The microbiome profile varied depending on where the subsample was obtained from the stool. The exterior cortex of the stool was rich in specific phyla and deficient in others while the interior core of the stool revealed opposite microbiome profiles. Sample processing also resulted in varying microbiome profiles. Homogenization and stabilization at 4°C gave superior microbial diversity profiles compared to the fresh or frozen subsamples of the same stool sample. Bacterial proliferation continued in the fresh subsample when processed at ambient temperature. <i>Bacteroidetes</i> proliferated and <i>Firmicutes</i> diminished during the 30-minute processing of fresh sample. The frozen sample had good overall diversity but Proteobacteria diminished likely because of the freeze/thaw. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> The microbiome profile is specific to the section of the stool being sampled. Stool sample collection, homogenization and stabilization at 4°C for 24 hours provides a neat, high-quality sample of sufficient quantity that can be banked into aliquots with nearly identical microbial diversity profiles. This collection pipeline is essential to accelerate our understanding of the gut microbiome in health and disease. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Fecal; Heterogeneous; Homogeneous; Microbiome; Microbiota; Sample; Stool. </p> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors are employees of The BioCollective, LLC. The company sells The BioCollector, which is designed as a whole stool collection kit.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/6e913e46d0e0/nihms-1904187-f0001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="951" data-image-height="756" data-image-alt="Figure 1." data-pmc-id="PMC10308701" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/9383e3b13e21/nihms-1904187-f0001.gif" alt="Figure 1." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="951"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="756"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Sample Processing Workflow. This figure… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Sample Processing Workflow. This figure shows the steps taken in sample collection and… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Sample Processing Workflow. This figure shows the steps taken in sample collection and processing for comparing sample preparation protocols.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/4fb37f6e38be/nihms-1904187-f0002.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="600" data-image-height="538" data-image-alt="Figure 2." data-pmc-id="PMC10308701" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/3ef98a511773/nihms-1904187-f0002.gif" alt="Figure 2." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="538"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Schematic representation of the stool… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Schematic representation of the stool dissection study to evaluate the level of microbiome… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Schematic representation of the stool dissection study to evaluate the level of microbiome homogeneity of each section. Each section was processed independently and analysed for microbiome composition.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/2a649c91a55a/nihms-1904187-f0003.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="753" data-image-height="627" data-image-alt="Figure 3." data-pmc-id="PMC10308701" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/7671acf1b9d8/nihms-1904187-f0003.gif" alt="Figure 3." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="753"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="627"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Principal coordinates analysis plot based… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Principal coordinates analysis plot based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix for all stool sub-samples.… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Principal coordinates analysis plot based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix for all stool sub-samples. The PCoA plot shows distinct clustering of the stool samples based on the region or segment of the stool from which they originated. The legend indicates the 6 different sampling sites, each one cm apart. The plot illustrates the coordinates for each individual sample. <b>Note:</b> <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0008.jpg"/> Core; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0009.jpg"/> Cortex; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0010.jpg"/> Subsection 1; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0011.jpg"/> Subsection 2; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0012.jpg"/> Subsection 3; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0013.jpg"/> Homogernate.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/5a53abe5eaa6/nihms-1904187-f0004.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="1050" data-image-height="663" data-image-alt="Figure 4." data-pmc-id="PMC10308701" data-figure-id="F4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/cace091c2f15/nihms-1904187-f0004.gif" alt="Figure 4." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="663"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential abundance of taxa in… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential abundance of taxa in dissected stool. The figure summarizes the distribution of… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 4. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Differential abundance of taxa in dissected stool. The figure summarizes the distribution of 12 different genera present in high, medium. <b>Note:</b> <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0014.jpg"/> Section_1; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0015.jpg"/> Section_2; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0016.jpg"/> Section_3; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0017.jpg"/> Homogenate; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0018.jpg"/> Cortex; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0019.jpg"/> Core.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="figure-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/c04ffc082a59/nihms-1904187-f0005.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="851" data-image-height="427" data-image-alt="Figure 5." data-pmc-id="PMC10308701" data-figure-id="F5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/0562ecc44335/nihms-1904187-f0005.gif" alt="Figure 5." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="851"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="427"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Taxonomic bar graph at the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Taxonomic bar graph at the Phylum level for aliquots analyzed from three different… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 5. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Taxonomic bar graph at the Phylum level for aliquots analyzed from three different sample processing methods. Relative abundance as a percent of total phyla was plotted as a stacked bar graph to illustrate the variations in relative abundance of individual phyla based on sample processing protocol and sampling time. <b>Note</b>: <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0020.jpg"/> Brc 1; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0021.jpg"/> Saccharibacteria; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0022.jpg"/> Hadesarchaea; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0023.jpg"/> Tm6 (dependentiae); <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0024.jpg"/> <i>Gracilibacteria</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0025.jpg"/> Armatimonadetes; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0026.jpg"/> Ws2; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0027.jpg"/> Rokubacteria; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0028.jpg"/> Nitrospirae; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0029.jpg"/> Synergistetes; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0030.jpg"/> <i>Fusobacteria</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0031.jpg"/> Epsilonbacteraeota; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0032.jpg"/> <i>Firmicutes</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0033.jpg"/> <i>Actinobacteria</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0034.jpg"/> <i>Bacteroidetes</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0035.jpg"/> Bacteria_u_p; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0036.jpg"/> Proteobacteria; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0037.jpg"/> <i>Cyanobacteria</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0038.jpg"/> <i>Gemmatimonadetes</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0039.jpg"/> <i>Spirochaetae</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0040.jpg"/> Peregrinibacteria; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0041.jpg"/> <i>Chloroflexi</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0042.jpg"/> Patescibacteria; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0043.jpg"/> <i>Planctomycetes</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0044.jpg"/> <i>Acidobacteria</i>; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0045.jpg"/> Ws1; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0046.jpg"/> Tenericutes; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0047.jpg"/> Deferribacteres; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0048.jpg"/> others.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="figure-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/d2d746b69c7f/nihms-1904187-f0006.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="600" data-image-height="314" data-image-alt="Figure 6." data-pmc-id="PMC10308701" data-figure-id="F6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/f053bf5ecb33/nihms-1904187-f0006.gif" alt="Figure 6." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="314"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><i> Firmicutes </i> to <i> Bacteroidetes </i> ratio for…</div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><i> Firmicutes </i> to <i> Bacteroidetes </i> ratio for aliquots analyzed from three different sample processing protocols.…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 6. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><i>Firmicutes</i> to <i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio for aliquots analyzed from three different sample processing protocols. The ratio of <i>Firmicutes</i>:<i>Bacteroidetes</i> (F:B) was plotted as a side-by-side bar graph to illustrate the variations in F:B ratio for each sample processing protocol and sampling time.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="figure-7"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/3757cb4220bf/nihms-1904187-f0007.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="600" data-image-height="453" data-image-alt="Figure 7." data-pmc-id="PMC10308701" data-figure-id="F7"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/10308701/5520debc0133/nihms-1904187-f0007.gif" alt="Figure 7." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="453"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> PCoA analysis of for aliquots… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> PCoA analysis of for aliquots analyzed from three different sample processing protocols. The… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 7. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">PCoA analysis of for aliquots analyzed from three different sample processing protocols. The PCoA plot shows distinct clustering of the stool samples based on the sample processing protocol used. The legend indicates the 3 different sampling processing protocols used in this study. The plot illustrates the coordinates for each individual sample. Note: <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0049.jpg"/> fresh; <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0050.jpg"/> 4°C <img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/10308701/bin/nihms-1904187-ig0051.jpg"/> frozen.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (7) </button> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> 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