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<span>Flight crew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Accident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Investigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Investigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NTSB_initial_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NTSB_initial_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>NTSB initial investigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NTSB_initial_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_investigation_and_later_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_investigation_and_later_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Personal investigation and later developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_investigation_and_later_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NTSB_investigation_reopened" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NTSB_investigation_reopened"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>NTSB investigation reopened</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NTSB_investigation_reopened-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_conclusions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_conclusions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Final conclusions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_conclusions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outcomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outcomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Outcomes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outcomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/United-Airlines-Flug_811" title="United-Airlines-Flug 811 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="United-Airlines-Flug 811" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_811" title="الخطوط الجوية المتحدة الرحلة 811 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخطوط الجوية المتحدة الرحلة 811" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_811_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%E2%80%9E%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%95%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%E2%80%9C" title="Полет 811 на „Юнайтед Еърлайнс“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полет 811 на „Юнайтед Еърлайнс“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_811_de_United_Airlines" title="Vol 811 de United Airlines – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vol 811 de United Airlines" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United-Airlines-Flug_811" title="United-Airlines-Flug 811 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United-Airlines-Flug 811" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlinesi_lend_811" title="United Airlinesi lend 811 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="United Airlinesi lend 811" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelo_811_de_United_Airlines" title="Vuelo 811 de United Airlines – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vuelo 811 de United Airlines" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AF" title="پرواز ۸۱۱ خطوط هوایی یونایتد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرواز ۸۱۱ خطوط هوایی یونایتد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_United_Airlines_811" title="Vol United Airlines 811 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vol United Airlines 811" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eitilt_United_Airlines_811" title="Eitilt United Airlines 811 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eitilt United Airlines 811" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_811_de_United_Airlines" title="Voo 811 de United Airlines – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Voo 811 de United Airlines" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%93%9C_%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5_811%ED%8E%B8_%ED%95%B4%EC%B9%98_%ED%83%88%EB%9D%BD_%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="유나이티드 항공 811편 해치 탈락 사고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유나이티드 항공 811편 해치 탈락 사고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Penerbangan_811" title="United Airlines Penerbangan 811 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="United Airlines Penerbangan 811" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volo_United_Airlines_811" title="Volo United Airlines 811 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volo United Airlines 811" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_skrydis_811" title="United Airlines skrydis 811 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="United Airlines skrydis 811" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_United_Airlines_811-es_j%C3%A1rat%C3%A1nak_katasztr%C3%B3f%C3%A1ja" title="A United Airlines 811-es járatának katasztrófája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A United Airlines 811-es járatának katasztrófája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines-vlucht_811" title="United Airlines-vlucht 811 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United Airlines-vlucht 811" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA811%E4%BE%BF%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E8%84%B1%E8%90%BD%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="ユナイテッド航空811便貨物ドア脱落事故 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユナイテッド航空811便貨物ドア脱落事故" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrofa_lotu_United_Airlines_811" title="Katastrofa lotu United Airlines 811 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katastrofa lotu United Airlines 811" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_United_Airlines_811" title="Voo United Airlines 811 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voo United Airlines 811" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_Boeing_747_%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Происшествие с Boeing 747 у Гонолулу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Происшествие с Boeing 747 у Гонолулу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_811" title="United Airlines Flight 811 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United Airlines Flight 811" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlinesin_lento_811" title="United Airlinesin lento 811 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="United Airlinesin lento 811" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_811" title="ยูไนเต็ดแอร์ไลน์ เที่ยวบินที่ 811 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูไนเต็ดแอร์ไลน์ เที่ยวบินที่ 811" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA811%E8%99%9F%E7%8F%AD%E6%A9%9F%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="聯合航空811號班機事故 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聯合航空811號班機事故" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_Airlines_Flight_811&params=20.690_N_158.675_W_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°41′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">158°40′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.690°N 158.675°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">20.690; -158.675</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1989 passenger aircraft accident</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn org summary" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">United Airlines Flight 811</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ntrs.nasa.gov_Flight_811.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ntrs.nasa.gov_Flight_811.jpg/260px-Ntrs.nasa.gov_Flight_811.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ntrs.nasa.gov_Flight_811.jpg/390px-Ntrs.nasa.gov_Flight_811.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Ntrs.nasa.gov_Flight_811.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="318" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.3em;">N4713U after the cargo door tore off in flight, causing an explosive decompression and ejecting nine people from the plane</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Accident</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">February 24, 1989<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1989-02-24</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Summary</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Cargo door failure leading to <a href="/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression#Explosive_decompression" title="Uncontrolled decompression">explosive decompression</a><sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Site</th><td class="infobox-data flabel location" style="line-height:1.3em;">Pacific Ocean<br />near <a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu, Hawaii</a> <br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_Airlines_Flight_811&params=20.690_N_158.675_W_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°41′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">158°40′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.690°N 158.675°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">20.690; -158.675</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Aircraft</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-122,_United_Airlines_AN0108466.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0108466.jpg/260px-Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0108466.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0108466.jpg/390px-Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0108466.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0108466.jpg/520px-Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0108466.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="678" /></a></span> <br />N4713U, photographed in 1982 at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">LAX</a>, seven years before the accident.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Aircraft type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-100" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-100">Boeing 747-122</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">IATA flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">UA811</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">ICAO flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">UAL811</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Call sign</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">UNITED 811</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">Registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">N4713U</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Flight origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">1st stopover</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu International Airport">Honolulu International Airport</a><br />Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">2nd stopover</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Airport" title="Auckland Airport">Auckland Airport</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Destination</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Airport" title="Sydney Airport">Sydney Airport</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Occupants</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">355</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Passengers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">337</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">38</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Survivors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">346</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>United Airlines Flight 811</b> was a regularly scheduled international flight from <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Airport" title="Sydney Airport">Sydney</a>, with intermediate stops at <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu International Airport">Honolulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Airport" title="Auckland Airport">Auckland</a>. On February 24, 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747#747-100" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747-122</a> serving the flight experienced a cargo-door failure in flight shortly after leaving Honolulu. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression" title="Uncontrolled decompression">explosive decompression</a> blew out several rows of seats, killing nine passengers. The aircraft returned to Honolulu and landed without further incident. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-122,_United_Airlines_AN0062223.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0062223.jpg/220px-Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0062223.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0062223.jpg/330px-Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0062223.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0062223.jpg/440px-Boeing_747-122%2C_United_Airlines_AN0062223.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>The same aircraft at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow</a>, in 1993, after being repaired and re-registered as N4724U.</figcaption></figure> <p>The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-122 (<a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">registration number</a> <i>N4713U</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was delivered to <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> on November 3, 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its serial number was 19875 and it was the 89th 747 built. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had accumulated 58,814 total flight hours and 15,028 flight pressurization cycles,<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Aviation_Administration_2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Aviation_Administration_2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had not been involved in any previous accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 24, 1989, the aircraft was scheduled by <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> to operate as Flight 811 from Los Angeles International Airport in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, to Sydney Airport in <a href="/wiki/Mascot,_New_South_Wales" title="Mascot, New South Wales">Mascot, New South Wales</a>, Australia, with intermediate stops at Honolulu International Airport in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, and Auckland Airport in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flight 811 operated without incident on the first leg of the flight from Los Angeles to Honolulu and no difficulties were reported by the flight crew upon arriving at Honolulu, where a crew change occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the accident, the aircraft was repaired and put back into service with United, but was re-registered as N4724U. In 1997, the aircraft was taken out of service and passed on to <a href="/wiki/Air_Dabia" title="Air Dabia">Air Dabia</a> as C5-FBS. Air Dabia ceased operations in 1998, and the aircraft was abandoned at <a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_International_Airport" title="Plattsburgh International Airport">Plattsburgh International Airport</a>, where it was scrapped in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Airfleets.net_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airfleets.net-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flight_crew">Flight crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Flight crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in Honolulu, Flight 811 was under <a href="/wiki/Pilot_in_command" title="Pilot in command">Captain</a> David M. "Dave" Cronin (age 59).<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 101">: 101 </span></sup> At the time of the accident, Cronin had logged around 28,000 flight hours, including roughly 1,600 hours in Boeing 747 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 101">: 101 </span></sup> Flight 811 was Cronin's penultimate scheduled flight before his <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_retirement" title="Mandatory retirement">mandatory retirement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-star_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remaining flight crew consisted of <a href="/wiki/First_Officer_(civil_aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Officer (civil aviation)">First Officer</a> Gregory Allen "Al" Slader (48), and <a href="/wiki/Flight_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Engineer">Flight Engineer</a> Randal Mark Thomas (46), and 15 <a href="/wiki/Flight_attendant" title="Flight attendant">flight attendants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 101–103">: 101–103 </span></sup> The first officer and flight engineer had logged 14,500 <a href="/wiki/Flight_time" title="Flight time">flight hours</a> and 20,000 flight hours, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 101–102">: 101–102 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accident">Accident</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Accident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright"> <caption>Victim nationalities<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality </th> <th>Fatalities </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Flight 811 took off from Honolulu International Airport at 01:52 <a href="/wiki/Hawaii%E2%80%93Aleutian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii–Aleutian Standard Time">local time</a>, with 337 passengers and 18 crew members on board.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1–2">: 1–2 </span></sup> During the climb, the crew made preparations to detour around thunderstorms along the plane's track; the captain anticipated turbulence and kept the passenger seatbelt sign lit.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faa.gov_flight_811_UnitedHawaii.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Faa.gov_flight_811_UnitedHawaii.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Hole in the fuselage</figcaption></figure> <p>The aircraft had been flying for 17 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> As it was passing from 22,000 to 23,000 feet (6,700 to 7,000 m), the flight crew heard a loud "thump", which shook the plane.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> About a second and a half later, the forward cargo door separated from the aircraft. It swung out with such force that it tore a hole in the fuselage. <a href="/wiki/Pressure_measurement" title="Pressure measurement">Pressure differentials</a> and aerodynamic forces caused the cabin floor to cave in, and 10 seats (G and H of rows 8 through 12) were ejected from the cabin.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All eight passengers occupying these seats were ejected from the aircraft, as was the passenger in seat 9F. Seats 8G and 12G were unoccupied.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 109">: 109 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A gaping hole was left in the aircraft, through which a flight attendant, Mae Sapolu in the <a href="/wiki/Business_class" title="Business class">business-class</a> cabin, was almost blown out. <a href="/wiki/Purser" title="Purser">Purser</a> Laura Brentlinger hung on to the steps leading to the upper deck, and was dangling from them when the decompression occurred. Passengers and crew members saw her clinging to a seat leg and were able to pull her back inside the cabin, although she was severely injured.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pilots initially believed that a bomb had gone off inside the airliner, as this accident happened just two months after <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103" title="Pan Am Flight 103">Pan Am Flight 103</a> was blown up over <a href="/wiki/Lockerbie" title="Lockerbie">Lockerbie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. They began an emergency descent to reach an altitude where the air was breathable, while also performing a 180° left turn to fly back to Honolulu.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> The explosion damaged components of the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_oxygen_system" title="Emergency oxygen system">on-board emergency oxygen supply system</a>, as it was primarily located in the forward cargo sidewall area, just <a href="/wiki/Aft" class="mw-redirect" title="Aft">aft</a> of the cargo door.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> </p><p>The debris ejected from the aircraft during the explosive decompression <a href="/wiki/Foreign_object_damage" title="Foreign object damage">damaged</a> the Number 3 and 4 engines.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4–8">: 4–8 </span></sup> Engine 3 was experiencing heavy vibration, no <a href="/wiki/Airbreathing_jet_engine#Terminology" title="Airbreathing jet engine">N<sub>1</sub> tachometer</a> reading, and a low <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust gas temperature">exhaust-gas temperature</a> (EGT) and <a href="/wiki/Engine_pressure_ratio" title="Engine pressure ratio">engine-pressure ratio</a>, so the crew shut it down.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> At 02:20, an emergency was declared and the crew began <a href="/wiki/Fuel_dumping" title="Fuel dumping">dumping fuel</a> to reduce the aircraft's landing weight.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> The N<sub>1</sub> reading of engine number 4 soon fell to almost zero, its EGT reading was high, and it was emitting flames, so the pilots shut it down as well.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> Some of the explosively ejected debris damaged the right wing's <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge" title="Leading edge">leading edge</a>, dented the <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_stabilizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal stabilizer">horizontal stabilizer</a> on that side, and damaged the <a href="/wiki/Vertical_stabilizer" title="Vertical stabilizer">vertical stabilizer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> </p><p>During the descent, Captain Cronin ordered <a href="/wiki/Flight_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Engineer">Flight Engineer</a> Thomas to tell the flight attendants to prepare for an emergency landing, but Thomas was unable to contact them through the intercom. Thomas asked the captain for permission to go down to find out what was happening, and Cronin agreed. Thomas saw severe damage immediately upon leaving the cockpit; the <a href="/wiki/Skin_(aeronautics)" title="Skin (aeronautics)">aircraft skin</a> was peeled off in some areas on the upper deck, revealing the <a href="/wiki/Former" title="Former">frames</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longeron" title="Longeron">stringers</a>. As he went down to the lower deck, the magnitude of the damage became apparent as he saw the large hole in the side of the cabin. He returned to the cockpit and reported that a large section of the fuselage was open aft of the Number 1 exit door. He concluded that it was probably a bomb, and that considering the damage, slowing below the plane's <a href="/wiki/Stall_(flight)#Stall_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Stall (flight)">stall speed</a> by more than a small margin would be unwise.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faa.gov_flight_811_after_landing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Faa.gov_flight_811_after_landing.jpg/220px-Faa.gov_flight_811_after_landing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Faa.gov_flight_811_after_landing.jpg/330px-Faa.gov_flight_811_after_landing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Faa.gov_flight_811_after_landing.jpg/440px-Faa.gov_flight_811_after_landing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Damage visible after landing</figcaption></figure> <p>As the airliner neared the airport, the <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a> was extended, but the <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aeronautics)" title="Flap (aeronautics)">flaps</a> could only be partially deployed as a result of damage sustained following the decompression.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> This necessitated a higher-than-normal landing speed around 190–200 knots (220–230 mph; 350–370 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> Despite these factors, Captain Cronin was able to bring the aircraft to a halt without <a href="/wiki/Runway_excursion" title="Runway excursion">overrunning the runway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 14 minutes had elapsed since the emergency was declared. All the remaining passengers and flight attendants evacuated the aircraft in less than 45 seconds. Every flight attendant suffered some injury during the evacuation, ranging from scratches to a <a href="/wiki/Dislocated_shoulder" title="Dislocated shoulder">dislocated shoulder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108–109">: 108–109 </span></sup> </p><p>Despite extensive air and sea searches, no remains of the nine victims lost in flight were found at sea.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> Small body fragments and pieces of clothing were found in the Number 3 engine, indicating that at least one victim ejected from the fuselage was ingested by the engine, but whether the fragments were from one or more victims was not known.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation">Investigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NTSB_initial_investigation">NTSB initial investigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: NTSB initial investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flt_811_damage.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flt_811_damage.JPG/220px-Flt_811_damage.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flt_811_damage.JPG/330px-Flt_811_damage.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flt_811_damage.JPG/440px-Flt_811_damage.JPG 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Flight 811 after landing</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> (NTSB) immediately commenced an investigation into the accident. An extensive aerial and <a href="/wiki/Water_surface_searches" title="Water surface searches">surface search</a> of the ocean had initially failed to locate the aircraft's cargo door.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-90-01_Final_Report_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-90-01_Final_Report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> The NTSB proceeded with its investigation, without the cargo door to inspect, issuing a final report on April 16, 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-90-01_Final_Report_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-90-01_Final_Report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> </p><p>The investigation heavily relied upon circumstantial evidence, including prior incidents that involved cargo doors. On March 10, 1987, Pan Am Flight 125, another Boeing 747, outbound from <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a>, encountered <a href="/wiki/Cabin_pressurization" title="Cabin pressurization">pressurization</a> problems at 20,000 feet (6,100 m), causing the crew to abort the flight and return to the airport.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that aircraft landed safely back at London Heathrow Airport, the aircraft's cargo door was found to be ajar by about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) along its ventral edge. When the aircraft was examined further, all of the door's locking arms were found to be either damaged or entirely sheared off. Boeing initially attributed this to mishandling by ground crew. To test this theory, Boeing instructed 747 operators to shut and lock the cargo door with the external handle, and then activate the door-open switch with the handle still in the locked position. Since the S-2 switch was designed to deactivate the door motors if the handle was locked, nothing should have happened. Some of the airlines reported the door motors did indeed begin running, however, attempting to force the door open against the locking sectors and causing damage to the mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the evidence available, and the attribution of prior cargo door malfunctions to damage caused by ground crew mishandling, the NTSB's investigative findings were rooted in the supposition that a properly latched and locked 747 cargo door could not open in flight:<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-90-01_Final_Report_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-90-01_Final_Report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37">: 37 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>There are no reasonable means by which the door locking and latching mechanisms could open mechanically in flight from a properly closed and locked position. If the lock sectors were in proper condition, and were properly situated over the closed <a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">latch cams</a>, the lock sectors had sufficient strength to prevent the cams from vibrating to the open position during ground operation and flight. Nonetheless, there are two possible means by which the cargo door could open while in flight. Either, the latching mechanisms were forced open electrically through the lock sectors after the door was secured, or the door was not properly latched and locked before departure. Then the door opened when the pressurization loads reached a point that the latches could not hold. </p> </blockquote> <p>The NTSB learned that in N4713U's case, the aircraft had experienced intermittent malfunctions of its forward cargo door in the months prior to the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-90-01_Final_Report_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-90-01_Final_Report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> Based on this information, and the presumption of in-service damage, the NTSB concluded in its April 1990 report that these malfunctions had damaged the door locking mechanism, in a way that caused the door to show a latched and locked indication without being fully latched and locked. The report criticized the component design;<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-90-01_Final_Report_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-90-01_Final_Report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 52">: 52 </span></sup> it also criticized the airline for improper maintenance and inspection and thus failing to identify locking mechanism damage.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-90-01_Final_Report_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-90-01_Final_Report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_investigation_and_later_developments">Personal investigation and later developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal investigation and later developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lee Campbell, a New Zealander returning home, was one of the fatalities on Flight 811. After his death, his parents Kevin and Susan Campbell (the former an engineer by profession) investigated the case using documents obtained from the NTSB.<sup id="cite_ref-mayday_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayday-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Campbells' investigation led them to conclude that the cause of the accident was not human error, but rather the combination of an electrical problem and an inadequate design of the aircraft's cargo door-latching mechanism. They later presented their theory to the safety board.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Boeing 747 was designed with an outward-hinging cargo door, unlike a <a href="/wiki/Plug_door" title="Plug door">plug door</a>, which opens inward and jams against its frame when closed as the pressure drops outside in flight, making accidental opening at high altitude impossible. The outward-swinging door increases the aircraft's available cargo capacity (less room inside the fuselage must be kept clear to accommodate the door's range of motion), but requires a strong locking mechanism to keep it closed. Deficiencies in the design of <a href="/wiki/Wide-body" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide-body">wide-body</a> aircraft cargo doors were known since the early 1970s from flaws in the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10#Cargo_door_problem" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10 cargo door</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These problems were not fully addressed by the aircraft industry or the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">FAA</a>, despite the warnings and deaths from the DC-10's cargo door-related accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 747's cargo door used a series of electrically operated latch <a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">cams</a> into which the door-edge latch pins closed. The cams then rotated into a closed position, holding the door closed. A series of L-shaped arms (called locking sectors) were actuated by the final manual movement of a lever to close the door; these were designed to reinforce the unpowered latch cams and prevent them from rotating into an unlocked position. The locking sectors were made out of aluminum, however, and they were too thin to be able to keep the latch cams from moving into the unlocked position against the power of the door motors. Electrical switches cut electrical power to the cargo door when the outer handle was closed; if one of those were faulty, however, the motors could still draw power and rotate the latch cam to the open position. The same event could happen if frayed wires were able to power the cam motor, even if the circuit power was cut by the safety switch.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1975, Boeing realized that the aluminum locking sectors were too thin to be effective, and recommended the airlines add doublers to the locking sectors. After the 1987 Pan Am incident, Boeing issued a service bulletin notifying operators to replace the aluminum locking sectors with steel locking sectors, and to carry out various inspections.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-90-01_Final_Report_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-90-01_Final_Report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22–23">: 22–23 </span></sup> In the United States, the FAA mandated this service by means of an <a href="/wiki/Airworthiness_directive" title="Airworthiness directive">airworthiness directive</a> in July 1988 and gave U.S. airlines 18 to 24 months to comply with it.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> After the Flight 811 accident, the FAA shortened the deadline to 30 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NTSB_investigation_reopened">NTSB investigation reopened</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: NTSB investigation reopened"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cargo_Door_Assembled_-_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cargo_Door_Assembled_-_Interior.jpg/220px-Cargo_Door_Assembled_-_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cargo_Door_Assembled_-_Interior.jpg/330px-Cargo_Door_Assembled_-_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cargo_Door_Assembled_-_Interior.jpg/440px-Cargo_Door_Assembled_-_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>The cargo door was recovered by manned deep-sea submersible <a href="/wiki/DSV_Sea_Cliff" title="DSV Sea Cliff"><i>Sea Cliff</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 26 and October 1, 1990, two halves of Flight 811's cargo door were recovered by the <a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence vehicle">manned deep-sea submersible</a> <a href="/wiki/DSV_Sea_Cliff" title="DSV Sea Cliff"><i>Sea Cliff</i></a> from the Pacific Ocean from 14,100 feet (4,300 m) below the ocean surface. The cargo door had fractured lengthwise across the center. Recovery crews reported that no other debris or evidence of human remains had been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-lat-1990-10-03_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-1990-10-03-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NTSB inspected the cargo door and determined that the condition of the locking mechanism did not support its original conclusions.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: vi">: vi </span></sup> </p><p>Additionally, in 1991, an incident occurred at New York's <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> involving the malfunction of another <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> Boeing 747 cargo door.<sup id="cite_ref-a91_83_84_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a91_83_84-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, United Airlines' maintenance staff was investigating the cause of a circuit-breaker trip. In the process of diagnosing the cause, an inadvertent operation of the electric door latch mechanism caused the cargo door to open spontaneously despite being closed. An inspection of the door's electrical wiring discovered insulation breaches, and isolating certain electrical wires allowed the door to operate normally again.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 66–68">: 66–68 </span></sup> The lock sectors, latch cams, and latch pins on the door were inspected, and did not show any signs of damage of the type predicted by the NTSB's original hypothesis.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_conclusions">Final conclusions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Final conclusions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on developments after it issued its original report in April 1990, the NTSB issued a superseding accident report on March 18, 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1–2">: 1–2 </span></sup> In this report, the NTSB determined that the probable cause of the accident was the sudden opening of the cargo door, which was attributed to improper wiring and deficiencies in the door's design. It appeared in this case that a short circuit caused an unordered rotation of the latch cams, which forced the weak aluminum locking sectors to distort and allow the rotation, thus enabling the air pressure differential and aerodynamic forces to blow the door off the fuselage; ripping away the hinge fixing structure, the cabin floor, and the side fuselage skin; and causing the explosive decompression.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcomes">Outcomes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Outcomes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NTSB issued a recommendation for all 747-100s in service at the time to replace their cargo door latching mechanisms with new, redesigned locks.<sup id="cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, the flight crew received the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary's</a> Award for Heroism for their actions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft was repaired, re-registered as N4724U in 1989, and returned to service with United Airlines in 1990. In 1997, the aircraft was registered with <a href="/wiki/Air_Dabia" title="Air Dabia">Air Dabia</a> as C5-FBS,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after that airline's collapse, abandoned in 2001 during overhaul maintenance at Plattsburgh International Airport<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and scrapped in 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The events of Flight 811 were featured in "Unlocking Disaster", the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayday_episodes#Season_1_(2003)" title="List of Mayday episodes">season-one (2003)</a> and first episode of the long-running Canadian TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Mayday (Canadian TV series)">Mayday</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday_Unlocking_Disaster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (called <i>Air Emergency</i> and <i>Air Disasters</i> in the U.S. and <i>Air Crash Investigation</i> internationally), which included interviews with survivors and a dramatization of the accident. The flight was also included in a <i>Mayday</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayday_episodes#Season_6_(2007)_Special" title="List of Mayday episodes">season-six (2007) <i>Science of Disaster</i> special</a> titled "Ripped Apart".<sup id="cite_ref-mayday_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayday-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was covered again in the series' first episode of its 24th season titled "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayday_episodes" title="List of Mayday episodes">Terror Over the Pacific</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The incident is featured in the bestselling book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Checklist_Manifesto" title="The Checklist Manifesto">The Checklist Manifesto</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Atul_Gawande" title="Atul Gawande">Atul Gawande</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The incident is also featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Why_Planes_Crash" title="Why Planes Crash">Why Planes Crash</a></i> in the episode "Breaking Point". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" 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Airlines Flight 96">American Airlines Flight 96</a> – a <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10</a> whose cargo door blew out due to design flaw causing rapid decompression. Eleven of 67 occupants were injured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines_Flight_981" title="Turkish Airlines Flight 981">Turkish Airlines Flight 981</a> – a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 whose cargo door blew out due to design flaw causing rapid decompression and loss of all hydraulic fluid/system. All 346 occupants on board died.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_International_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17">Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17</a> - cargo door failure due to design flaw, pilot error and inadequate procedures; loss of control for undetermined reasons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_T%C3%A2n_S%C6%A1n_Nh%E1%BB%A9t_C-5_accident" title="1975 Tân Sơn Nhứt C-5 accident">1975 Tân Sơn Nhứt C-5 accident</a> – loss of control caused by failure of locking mechanism for the aft pressure door</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Airways_Flight_1301" title="Tropical Airways Flight 1301">Tropical Airways Flight 1301</a> - stalled, cargo door opened in mid-flight, pilot error</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines_Flight_1282" title="Alaska Airlines Flight 1282">Alaska Airlines Flight 1282</a> - explosive decompression caused by door plug failure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Lines_Flight_123" title="Japan Air Lines Flight 123">Japan Air Lines Flight 123</a> – rapid decompression caused by a faulty repair in the tail section</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Airlines_Flight_243" title="Aloha Airlines Flight 243">Aloha Airlines Flight 243</a> – explosive decompression caused by metal fatigue in the fuselage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_5390" title="British Airways Flight 5390">British Airways Flight 5390</a> – explosive decompression caused by an improperly installed windscreen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Airlines_Flight_811&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AAR-92-02_Final_Report-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR-92-02_Final_Report_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_Airlines_Flight_811" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United Airlines Flight 811">United Airlines Flight 811</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR90-01.pdf">First NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-90/01 (superseded by Report AAR-92/02)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9202.pdf">Second NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-92/02</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR92-02.pdf">Copy at</a> <a href="/wiki/Embry-Riddle_Aeronautical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University">Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19890224-0">Accident description</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Safety_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Safety Network">Aviation Safety Network</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planecrashinfo.com/cvr890224.htm">Transcript of cockpit voice recorder</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=N4713U&distinct_entry=true">Pre-accident photos of N4713U</a></li> <li>The resting place of N4713U is <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_Airlines_Flight_811&params=40_40_00.76_N_73_28_13.33_W_&title=resting+place+of+N4713U"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°40′00.76″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°28′13.33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.6668778°N 73.4703694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.6668778; -73.4703694</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">resting place of N4713U</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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and incidents in 1989"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1989" title="Template talk:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1989"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1989" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1989"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1989_(1989)376" class="hlist vevent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="summary"><a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">Aviation accidents and incidents</a> in 1989<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1989</span>)</span> </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 4</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1989_air_battle_near_Tobruk" title="1989 air battle near Tobruk">Air battle near Tobruk</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 8</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Kegworth_air_disaster" title="Kegworth air disaster">Kegworth air disaster</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 8</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Air_Flight_1851" title="Independent Air Flight 1851">Independent Air Flight 1851</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 19</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Flying_Tiger_Line_Flight_66" title="Flying Tiger Line Flight 66">Flying Tiger Line Flight 66</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 24</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Airlines Flight 811</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 10</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Air_Ontario_Flight_1363" title="Air Ontario Flight 1363">Air Ontario Flight 1363</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 18</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_International_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17">Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Transbrasil_Flight_801" title="Transbrasil Flight 801">Transbrasil Flight 801</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 10</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Uni-Air_International_Flight_602" title="Uni-Air International Flight 602">Uni-Air International Flight 602</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 7</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Surinam_Airways_Flight_764" title="Surinam Airways Flight 764">Surinam Airways Flight 764</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 17</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Interflug_Flight_102" title="Interflug Flight 102">Interflug Flight 102</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 4</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1989_Belgium_MiG-23_crash" title="1989 Belgium MiG-23 crash">Belgium MiG-23 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 19</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_232" title="United Airlines Flight 232">United Airlines Flight 232</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines_Flight_124" title="Philippine Airlines Flight 124">Philippine Airlines Flight 124</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_803" title="Korean Air Flight 803">Korean Air Flight 803</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Aviation_Flight_545" title="Olympic Aviation Flight 545">Olympic Aviation Flight 545</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 13</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1989_Alice_Springs_hot_air_balloon_crash" title="1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash">Alice Springs hot air balloon crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/China_Eastern_Airlines_Flight_5510" title="China Eastern Airlines Flight 5510">China Eastern Airlines Flight 5510</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines_Flight_404" title="Pakistan International Airlines Flight 404">Pakistan International Airlines Flight 404</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Flight_9046" title="Cubana de Aviación Flight 9046">Cubana de Aviación Flight 9046</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Varig_Flight_254" title="Varig Flight 254">Varig Flight 254</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 8</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Partnair_Flight_394" title="Partnair Flight 394">Partnair Flight 394</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 19</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/UTA_Flight_772" title="UTA Flight 772">UTA Flight 772</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 20</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/USAir_Flight_5050" title="USAir Flight 5050">USAir Flight 5050</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 18</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="1989 Soviet Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Soviet Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/TAN-SAHSA_Flight_414" title="TAN-SAHSA Flight 414">TAN-SAHSA Flight 414</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 26</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_204" title="China Airlines Flight 204">China Airlines Flight 204</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 28</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Aloha_IslandAir_Flight_1712" title="Aloha IslandAir Flight 1712">Aloha IslandAir Flight 1712</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_37577" title="Aeroflot Flight 37577">Aeroflot Flight 37577</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_175" title="Korean Air Flight 175">Korean Air Flight 175</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Flight_203" title="Avianca Flight 203">Avianca Flight 203</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1989_Angola_Lockheed_L-100_crash" title="1989 Angola Lockheed L-100 crash">Angola Lockheed L-100 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/KLM_Flight_867" title="KLM Flight 867">KLM Flight 867</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 26</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_Express_Flight_2415" title="United Express Flight 2415">United Express Flight 2415</a></div></div> </div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1988" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1988">1988   ◄</a><span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1990" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1990">►   1990</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States_and_U.S._territories_in_the_1980s440" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States_in_the_1980s" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States_in_the_1980s" title="Template talk:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States_in_the_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States_and_U.S._territories_in_the_1980s440" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States and U.S. territories in the 1980s</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_Wisconsin_Flight_965" title="Air Wisconsin Flight 965">Air Wisconsin Flight 965</a> (June)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_935" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 935">Eastern Air Lines Flight 935</a> (September)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_Florida_Flight_90" title="Air Florida Flight 90">Air Florida Flight 90</a> (January 13)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Thunderbirds_Indian_Springs_Diamond_Crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash">Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash</a> (January 18)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_Airways_Flight_30" title="World Airways Flight 30">World Airways Flight 30</a> (January 23)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Airlines_Flight_458" title="Pilgrim Airlines Flight 458">Pilgrim Airlines Flight 458</a> (February)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_759" title="Pan Am Flight 759">Pan Am Flight 759</a> (July 9)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Twilight_Zone_accident" title="Twilight Zone accident"><i>Twilight Zone</i> accident</a> (July 23)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_830" title="Pan Am Flight 830">Pan Am Flight 830</a> (August)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_2885" title="United Airlines Flight 2885">United Airlines Flight 2885</a> (January)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_855" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 855">Eastern Air Lines Flight 855</a> (May)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_797" title="Air Canada Flight 797">Air Canada Flight 797</a> (June 2)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reeve_Aleutian_Airways_Flight_8" title="Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8">Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8</a> (June 8)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_Illinois_Flight_710" title="Air Illinois Flight 710">Air Illinois Flight 710</a> (October)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_650" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 650">Ozark Air Lines Flight 650</a> (December 20)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_Anchorage_runway_collision" title="1983 Anchorage runway collision">Anchorage runway collision</a> (December 23)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_901" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 901">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 901</a> (February)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vieques_Air_Link_Flight_901A" title="Vieques Air Link Flight 901A">Vieques Air Link Flight 901A</a> (August 2)*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1984_San_Luis_Obispo_mid-air_collision" title="1984 San Luis Obispo mid-air collision">San Luis Obispo mid-air collision</a> (August 24)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provincetown-Boston_Airlines_Flight_1039" title="Provincetown-Boston Airlines Flight 1039">Provincetown-Boston Airlines Flight 1039</a> (December)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Airlines_Flight_203" title="Galaxy Airlines Flight 203">Galaxy Airlines Flight 203</a> (January)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_006" title="China Airlines Flight 006">China Airlines Flight 006</a> (February)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_191" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 191">Delta Air Lines Flight 191</a> (August 2)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bar_Harbor_Airlines_Flight_1808" title="Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808">Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808</a> (August 25)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Express_Airlines_Flight_105" title="Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105">Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105</a> (September 6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henson_Airlines_Flight_1517" title="Henson Airlines Flight 1517">Henson Airlines Flight 1517</a> (September 23)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1985_Teterboro_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Teterboro collision">Teterboro mid-air collision</a> (November)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ricky_Nelson" title="Death of Ricky Nelson">Death of Ricky Nelson</a> (December)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_Grand_Canyon_mid-air_collision" title="1986 Grand Canyon mid-air collision">Grand Canyon mid-air collision</a> (June)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_498" title="Aeroméxico Flight 498">Aeroméxico Flight 498</a> (August)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Lines_Cargo_Flight_1628_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 1628 incident">Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 1628 incident</a> (November)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SkyWest_Airlines_Flight_1834" title="SkyWest Airlines Flight 1834">SkyWest Airlines Flight 1834</a> (January)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlink_Flight_2268" title="Northwest Airlink Flight 2268">Northwest Airlink Flight 2268</a> (March )</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Eagle_Flight_5452" title="American Eagle Flight 5452">American Eagle Flight 5452</a> (May)*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines_Flight_255" title="Northwest Airlines Flight 255">Northwest Airlines Flight 255</a> (August)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Indianapolis_Ramada_Inn_A-7D_Corsair_II_crash" title="1987 Indianapolis Ramada Inn A-7D Corsair II crash">Indianapolis Ramada Inn A-7D Corsair II crash</a> (October)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_1713" title="Continental Airlines Flight 1713">Continental Airlines Flight 1713</a> (November)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Southwest_Airlines_Flight_1771" title="Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771">Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771</a> (December)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Colorado_Airlines_Flight_2286" title="Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286">Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286</a> (January)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_132" title="American Airlines Flight 132">American Airlines Flight 132</a> (February 3)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AVAir_Flight_3378" title="AVAir Flight 3378">AVAir Flight 3378</a> (February 19)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Airlines_Flight_243" title="Aloha Airlines Flight 243">Aloha Airlines Flight 243</a> (April)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TACA_Flight_110" title="TACA Flight 110">TACA Flight 110</a> (May)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_1141" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 1141">Delta Air Lines Flight 1141</a> (August)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Airlines Flight 811</a> (February)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_International_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17">Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17</a> (March)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_232" title="United Airlines Flight 232">United Airlines Flight 232</a> (July)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/USAir_Flight_5050" title="USAir Flight 5050">USAir Flight 5050</a> (September)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KLM_Flight_867" title="KLM Flight 867">KLM Flight 867</a> (December 15)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Express_Flight_2415" title="United Express Flight 2415">United Express Flight 2415</a> (December 26)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.<br />An asterisk (*) denotes an incident that took place in a U.S. territory.<br /><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States_in_the_1970s" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 1970s">1970–1979 ◄</a> 1980–1989 <a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States_in_the_1990s" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 1990s">► 1990–1999</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Airlines_Holdings710" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Airlines_Holdings" title="Template:United Airlines Holdings"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Airlines_Holdings" title="Template talk:United Airlines Holdings"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Airlines_Holdings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Airlines Holdings"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Airlines_Holdings710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Holdings" title="United Airlines Holdings"><span style="color:white;">United Airlines Holdings</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Current airlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_fleet" title="United Airlines fleet">fleet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Current marketing brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Express" title="United Express">United Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Former airlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Airlines_(United_States)" title="Capital Airlines (United States)">Capital Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines" title="Continental Airlines">Continental Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Micronesia" title="Continental Micronesia">Continental Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Air" title="New York Air">New York Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Am" title="Pan Am">Pan Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Express_Airlines_(1980s)" title="People Express Airlines (1980s)">People Express Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Airlines_(1950%E2%80%931986)" title="Frontier Airlines (1950–1986)">Frontier Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_International_Airlines" title="Texas International Airlines">Texas International Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Former marketing brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Connection" title="Continental Connection">Continental Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Express" title="Continental Express">Continental Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Lite" title="Continental Lite">Continental Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_by_United" title="Shuttle by United">Shuttle by United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_(airline)" title="Ted (airline)">Ted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Former holding companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lorenzo#Jet_Capital" title="Frank Lorenzo">Jet Capital Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Air_Corporation" title="Texas Air Corporation">Texas Air Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAL_Corporation" title="UAL Corporation">UAL Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Frequent flyer services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Club" title="United Club">United Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MileagePlus" title="MileagePlus">MileagePlus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Patterson" title="William A. Patterson">William A. Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Tilton" title="Glenn Tilton">Glenn Tilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Kellner" title="Larry Kellner">Larry Kellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Smisek" title="Jeff Smisek">Jeff Smisek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Munoz_(executive)" title="Oscar Munoz (executive)">Oscar Munoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Varney" title="Walter Varney">Walter Varney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Six" title="Robert Six">Robert Six</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Legal and public relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blakey_v._Continental_Airlines,_Inc." title="Blakey v. Continental Airlines, Inc.">Blakey v. Continental Airlines, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untied.com" title="Untied.com">Untied.com</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/United_Breaks_Guitars" title="United Breaks Guitars">United Breaks Guitars</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Express_passenger_removal" title="2017 United Express passenger removal">2017 United Express passenger removal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">United Airlines<br />accidents and incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_23" title="United Air Lines Flight 23">Flight 23</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_United_Air_Lines_Boeing_247_crash" title="1934 United Air Lines Boeing 247 crash">1934 Boeing 247 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_4" title="United Air Lines Flight 4">Flight 4</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_34" title="United Air Lines Flight 34">Flight 34</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Liberator_crash_at_Whenuapai" title="1943 Liberator crash at Whenuapai">1943 Liberator crash at Whenuapai</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_521" title="United Air Lines Flight 521">Flight 521</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_608" title="United Air Lines Flight 608">Flight 608</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_624" title="United Air Lines Flight 624">Flight 624</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_610" title="United Air Lines Flight 610">Flight 610</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_615" title="United Air Lines Flight 615">Flight 615</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_MacArthur_Airport_United_Air_Lines_crash" title="1955 MacArthur Airport United Air Lines crash">1955 MacArthur Airport United Air Lines crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_409" title="United Air Lines Flight 409">Flight 409</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_629" title="United Air Lines Flight 629">Flight 629</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Grand_Canyon_mid-air_collision" title="1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision">1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_736" title="United Air Lines Flight 736">Flight 736</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_New_York_mid-air_collision" title="1960 New York mid-air collision">1960 New York mid-air collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_859" title="United Air Lines Flight 859">Flight 859</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_297" title="United Air Lines Flight 297">Flight 297</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_823" title="United Air Lines Flight 823">Flight 823</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_389" title="United Air Lines Flight 389">Flight 389</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_227" title="United Air Lines Flight 227">Flight 227</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_266" title="United Air Lines Flight 266">Flight 266</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_553" title="United Air Lines Flight 553">Flight 553</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_2860" title="United Airlines Flight 2860">Flight 2860</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_173" title="United Airlines Flight 173">Flight 173</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_2885" title="United Airlines Flight 2885">Flight 2885</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flight 811</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_232" title="United Airlines Flight 232">Flight 232</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_585" title="United Airlines Flight 585">Flight 585</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_826" title="United Airlines Flight 826">Flight 826</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_175" title="United Airlines Flight 175">Flight 175</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93" title="United Airlines Flight 93">Flight 93</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_O%27Hare_International_Airport_runway_incursion" title="2006 O'Hare International Airport runway incursion">Flight 1015</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_1175" title="United Airlines Flight 1175">Flight 1175</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_328" title="United Airlines Flight 328">Flight 328</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">United Express<br />accidents and incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Express_Flight_2415" title="United Express Flight 2415">Flight 2415</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Express_Flight_6291" title="United Express Flight 6291">Flight 6291</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Express_Flight_5925" title="United Express Flight 5925">Flight 5925</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Express_passenger_removal" title="2017 United Express passenger removal">Flight 3411</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommutAir_Flight_4933" title="CommutAir Flight 4933">Flight 4933</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Continental Airlines<br />accidents and incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_11" title="Continental Airlines Flight 11">Flight 11</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_12" title="Continental Airlines Flight 12">Flight 12</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_603" title="Continental Airlines Flight 603">Flight 603</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_1713" title="Continental Airlines Flight 1713">Flight 1713</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_France_Flight_4590" title="Air France Flight 4590">Flight 55</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_1883" title="Continental Airlines Flight 1883">Flight 1883</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_1404" title="Continental Airlines Flight 1404">Flight 1404</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Continental Express / Connection<br />accidents and incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Colorado_Airlines_Flight_2286" title="Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286">Flight 2286</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Express_Flight_2574" title="Continental Express Flight 2574">Flight 2574</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgan_Air_Flight_3407" title="Colgan Air Flight 3407">Flight 3407</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0030A1; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis Tower</a> (Chicago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/77_West_Wacker_Drive" title="77 West Wacker Drive">77 West Wacker Drive</a> (Chicago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1600_Smith_Street" title="1600 Smith Street">1600 Smith Street</a> (Houston)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen_Center#600_Jefferson" title="Cullen Center">600 Jefferson</a> (Houston)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_General_Center" title="American General Center">American General Center</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(former)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0030A1; 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