CINXE.COM

Sapere Aude | PSL

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>var _mtm = window._mtm = window._mtm || [];_mtm.push({"mtm.startTime": (new Date().getTime()), "event": "mtm.Start"});var d = document, g = d.createElement("script"), s = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type = "text/javascript";g.async = true;g.src="https://matomo.psl.eu/js/container_hiK0OYeY.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s);</script> <meta name="description" content="Sapere Aude: &quot;Dare to know&quot;. This is the motto of PSL University. Discover the history of our prestigious University, in figures and video." /> <meta name="keywords" content="PSL, Paris Sciences &amp; Lettres" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <style>div#sliding-popup, div#sliding-popup .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab {background: #ebedef} div#sliding-popup.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper { background: transparent; } #sliding-popup h1, #sliding-popup h2, #sliding-popup h3, #sliding-popup p, #sliding-popup label, #sliding-popup div, .eu-cookie-compliance-more-button, .eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { color: #000000;} .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { border-color: #000000;}</style> <link rel="icon" href="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://psl.eu/universite/sapere-aude" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://psl.eu/en/university/sapere-aude" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://psl.eu/en/university/sapere-aude" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://psl.eu/en/node/32" /> <title>Sapere Aude | PSL</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_wvfMD3ASmI_3SkWO23L2mhKxNk16TLk9F4b04ebhRYE.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=custom_theme&amp;include=eJx1kOuKQyEMhF_I1UeSqHM8ofGC0S59-9pSKKW7fzLwzUAm0RaZxBckJi9cL-r0C9l5osDoTSeKC6QwcelsxT8Np_O2c_kTUoxQja0enA2Wj61dGFtKF6Ya4f6CPuGgJdP8IhxtFPdS-xhfELI31WkTJrHsni1nwb-xsgtRhuk0KA_qp7o0Viexb2JX7SsI64lkrpzQPEpA8gdDkhvQ3qryFT9P07y-pbwvgAtrzm3fAXPShuY" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-bZLfwXAP04zRMK2BjiO8iu9pf4FbLqX6zitd+tIvLhE=" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.1/dist/3.4.0/8.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha512-oBCQwfTD4N6GNd7e5abU5e6i4wDNDQ23bPUxXJDfzH0QazxmngDQEWoQ6Zz51pQN49uw9WNDhkbc4euTx1RZMA==" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_t6q5yYYfkNMCjxS_jSGpxtIIdjGQZvYSnZGV9E3Bbkk.css?delta=4&amp;language=en&amp;theme=custom_theme&amp;include=eJx1kOuKQyEMhF_I1UeSqHM8ofGC0S59-9pSKKW7fzLwzUAm0RaZxBckJi9cL-r0C9l5osDoTSeKC6QwcelsxT8Np_O2c_kTUoxQja0enA2Wj61dGFtKF6Ya4f6CPuGgJdP8IhxtFPdS-xhfELI31WkTJrHsni1nwb-xsgtRhuk0KA_qp7o0Viexb2JX7SsI64lkrpzQPEpA8gdDkhvQ3qryFT9P07y-pbwvgAtrzm3fAXPShuY" /> </head> <body class="path-node page-node-type-page has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="loader"> <div class="loader__figure"></div> </div> <div class="header_menu"> <div class="main_menu_title"></div> </div> <div class="main_menu"> <div class="btn_close"></div> <div class="region region-responsive"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-menuprincipal-4-menu" id="block-menuprincipal-4"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-menuprincipal-4-menu">Menu Principal</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent active niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">University</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent active niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university/sapere-aude" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32" class="is-active" aria-current="page">About us</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/sapere-aude" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Sapere Aude</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/psl-quick-facts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/674">PSL Quick facts</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/excellence-and-equal-opportunity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34">Excellence and Equal Opportunity</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/collections-and-heritage" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/759">Collections and Heritage</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/psl-z" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342">PSL from A to Z</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/10-years-universite-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3998">10 years of Universit茅 PSL</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university/schools" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/608">Schools</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/schools#universite" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/608">Universit茅 PSL</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/schools#partenaires" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/608">Partners</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/psl-international-rankings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1849">International rankings</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university/organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2585">Organization</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/organization#instances" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2585">Governance</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/organization#sms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2585">Services</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/organization/psl-bylaws-and-regulatory-documents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3910">PSL bylaws and regulatory documents</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="actualites">News</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/universite/parisante-campus-la-ou-grandit-le-sante" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3638">PariSant茅 Campus</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/investments-future-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1037">Investments for the Future Program</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/media-relations-and-communications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Media Relations and Communications</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="https://recrutement.psl.eu">Join us</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="https://psl.eu/fondation-psl">The PSL Foundation</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/support-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1753">Support PSL</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/609">Education</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/610">Find your curriculum</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/bachelors-degree" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/569">Bachelor&#039;s degree</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/masters-degrees" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/776">Master&#039;s degree</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/node/5691" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5691">Doctoral programs</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/en/education/find-your-curriculum/psl-phd-tracks" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3631">PhD Track</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/become-entrepreneur" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84">Become an entrepreneur</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/life-long-learning" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571">Life long learning</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psls-graduate-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2434">Graduate Programs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5797">Admissions</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/admissions/undergraduate-admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5799">Undergraduate admissions</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/admissions/graduate-admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5800">Graduate admissions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6359">PSL voices : by students, for students</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices/blog" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6016">PSL student blog </a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices-students-students/student-stories" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2491">Student stories</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices-students-students/get-touch-our-students-and-staff" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3399">Get in touch with our students</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/international-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3540">International students</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/node/5464" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5464">Nos instituts</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/node/6386" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6386">Personnalisez vos cursus</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/node/6790" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6790">Mineures certifiantes</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/keys-academic-success/urop-internships-research-experience-undergraduate-level" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5179">UROP internships - Research experience from undergraduate level</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/language-resource-center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5084">Language resource centre</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/keys-academic-success" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/582">Keys to academic success</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="https://innovation-pedagogique.psl.eu/">Centre d鈥檌nnovation p茅dagogique</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/node/5024" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5024">Egalit茅 des chances et aide 脿 la r茅ussite</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/602">Research</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/research-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/57">Research at PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/research-psl/hrs4r" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2646">HRS4R</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/research-psl/scientific-integrity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4568">Scientific integrity</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/en/signature-policy-on-scientific-publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2939">Signature policy on scientific publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/psls-graduate-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2434">Graduate programs</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="https://psl.eu/les-grands-programmes-de-recherche-de-luniversite-psl">Grands Programmes de Recherche</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/research-institutes-and-labs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2968">Research institutes and labs</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/support-researchers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2970">Support for researchers</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/support-researchers/psl-calls-proposals" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/62">Call for Proposals</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/doctoral-studies-and-postdoctoral-fellowships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/65">Doctoral studies and Postdoctoral Fellowships</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/college-doctoral-de-luniversite-psl">Doctorat</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/doctoral-studies-and-postdoctoral-fellowships/psl-postdoctoral-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Postdoctoral fellows</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/doctoral-studies-and-postdoctoral-fellowships/welcome-desk-researchers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6618">Welcome Desk</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/life-sciences-ds" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5828">Doctoral school</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/documentation-and-outreach" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67">Documentation and knowledge dissemination</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr/ressources-et-savoirs-psl/bibliotheques-musees">Libraries and museums</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://catalogue.explore.psl.eu/primo-explore/search?vid=33PSL_V1&amp;lang=en_US">PSL catalog</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://bibnum.explore.psl.eu/s/psl/page/accueil">Digital collections</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr/se-former/tutoriels">Tutorials</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr/chercher/bases-de-donnees">Databases</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/node/5385" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5385">Science &amp; Soci茅t茅</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation-entrepreneurship" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/601">Innovation</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70">Innovate and transfer</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer/protect" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Protect your innovation</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer/enhancing-and-transferring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72">Transfer your technology</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer/financing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/73">Find your funding</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/psls-innovation-labs-coworking-spaces" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Innovation lab &amp; coworking spaces</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75">Entrepreneurship at PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/researcher-and-entrepreneur" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/82">Researcher entrepreneurs</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/laboratory-start-ups" data-drupal-link-system-path="startup-des-laboratoires">Research lab start-ups</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/become-entrepreneur" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84">Enterpreneurship Education</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/node/1930" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1930">PSL Innovation Fund</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/psl-tech-seed" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3514">PSL Tech Seed</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/psl-iteams" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2121">PSL-iTeams</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/psl-tech-acceleration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3513">PSL Tech Acceleration</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation/company-relations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/85">Corporate relations</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/corporate-relations/psl-technology" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86">PSL Technology</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/corporate-relations/psls-administrative-supervision-supports-and-partners" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3498">Our supports and partners</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/enterprise-innovation-psl-people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88">Enterprise &amp; Innovation - People</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/campus-lifepsl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Life@PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/90">Get involved</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/vie-de-campus/vie-associative/union-psl-le-bde-de-luniversite" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3460">&quot;Union PSL&quot; PSL Student Organization</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved/psl-alumni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/697">PSL Alumni</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="http://unionpsl.psl.eu/annuaire.html">Student organizations</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved/funding-student-organizations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93">Funding for clubs &amp; organizations</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved/orchestra-choir" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/95">Orchestra &amp; Choir</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/vie-de-campus/services-etudiants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3551">Student services</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/psl-housing-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3314">PSL Housing</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/helpline-against-harassment-and-violences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3318">Helpline against harassment and violences</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/student-services/student-health-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5374">Student health service</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/student-services/psl-welcome-desk" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4565">PSL Welcome Desk</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/vie-de-campus/paris-est-notre-campus/se-restaurer/centre-mazet-de-la-vie-etudiante">Centre Mazet de la vie 茅tudiante</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/99">Campus life in Paris</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/financial-aids" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/583">Financial Aid</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/dining" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/100">Dining</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr/ressources-et-savoirs-psl/bibliotheques-musees">Biblioth猫ques &amp; mus茅es</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/campus-maps-directions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/103">Campus maps &amp; directions</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/athletics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/98">Athletics</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/see-explore-go-out" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/675">See, Explore, Go Out</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/international" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5255">International</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/international/study-abroad" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/584">Study abroad</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/international/study-teach-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5251">Study / teach at PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/international/study-teach-psl/psl-global-strategy-and-international-partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5294">PSL Global: strategy and international partnerships</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/international-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3540">International students: your application at PSL</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/recherche/doctorat-et-post-doctorat/welcome-desk-chercheuse-chercheur">Welcome Desk - Researchers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/universite/international/eelisa-european-engineering-learning-innovation-science-alliance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3330">European University - EELISA</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-menusecondaire-2-menu" id="block-menusecondaire-2"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-menusecondaire-2-menu">Menu secondaire</h2> <div class="menu_secondaire"> <div class="btn_sec">You are...</div> <div class="close_btn"></div> <ul class="menu"> <li><a href="/en/education/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5797">Admissions</a></li> <li><a href="/en/student" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/487">Student</a></li> <li><a href="/en/company" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/491">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/en/alumni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/492">Alumni</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <section id="block-faireundonheader" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1c4543bc-4ae2-445e-ba0b-f417874fec31 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="https://www.ledonenligne.fr/associations/psluniv">Support PSL</a></p> <p class="responsive"><a href="https://www.ledonenligne.fr/associations/psluniv">Support PSL</a></p> </div> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-programmesgradues-2-menu" id="block-programmesgradues-2"> <h2 id="block-programmesgradues-2-menu">Programmes gradu茅s</h2> <ul class="menu menu--programmes-gradues nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-programs-astrophysics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3401">Astrophysics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-arts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3397">Arts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-chemistry" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3402">Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-law" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3404">Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-economics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3409">Economics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-finance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3410">Finance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-computer-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3396">Computer Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-engineering-isai" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3434">Engineering</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-management" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3435">Management</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/mathematics-and-applications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3436">Mathematics and Applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3437">Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-earth-science-and-biodiversity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3438">Earth Science and Biodiversity</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-religious-studies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3377">Religious Studies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-life-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3383">Life Sciences</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-historical-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3422">Historical Sciences</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/social-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3423">Social Sciences</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-cognitive-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3424">Cognitive Sciences</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/translitterae-graduate-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3425">Translitter忙</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" id="block-selecteurdelangue-3" role="navigation"> <ul class="lang"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">en<span>&#9660;</span></a> <div class="dropdown-menu"><a href="/universite/sapere-aude" class="link_bottom_line" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32">fr</a><a href="/en/university/sapere-aude" class="link_bottom_line is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32" aria-current="page">en</a></div> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="nom_liste"> <div class="title">Schools</div> </div> <div class="search_bouton"></div> </div> <div class="main_menu_bg"></div> <div class="etablisssement"> <div class="region region-navigation"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-etablissementsmembres-menu" id="block-etablissementsmembres"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-etablissementsmembres-menu">脡tablissements - Membres</h2> <ul class="menu menu--etablissements nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/en/ecole-nationale-superieure-de-chimie-de-paris-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/147">Chimie ParisTech - PSL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ecoles-et-instituts/associes/conservatoire-national-superieur-dart-dramatique">Conservatoire National Sup茅rieur d鈥橝rt Dramatique - PSL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/universite/nos-etablissements/luniversite-psl/universite-paris-dauphine">Dauphine - PSL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ecoles-et-instituts/membres/ecole-nationale-des-chartes">脡cole nationale des chartes - PSL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ecoles-et-instituts/membres/ecole-normale-superieure">脡cole normale sup茅rieure - PSL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ecoles-et-instituts/membres/ecole-pratique-des-hautes-etudes">脡cole Pratique des Hautes 脡tudes - PSL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ecoles-et-instituts/membres/espci-paris">ESPCI Paris - PSL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/university/schools/mines-paris-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/24">MINES Paris - PSL</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ecoles-et-instituts/membres/observatoire-de-paris">Observatoire de Paris - PSL</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="header_block col-sm-12" role="heading"> <div class="region region-header"> <section id="block-faireundon" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1c4543bc-4ae2-445e-ba0b-f417874fec31 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="https://www.ledonenligne.fr/associations/psluniv">Support PSL</a></p> <p class="responsive"><a href="https://www.ledonenligne.fr/associations/psluniv">Support PSL</a></p> </div> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-menusecondaire-menu" id="block-menusecondaire"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-menusecondaire-menu">Menu secondaire</h2> <div class="menu_secondaire"> <div class="btn_sec">You are...</div> <div class="close_btn"></div> <ul class="menu"> <li><a href="/en/education/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5797">Admissions</a></li> <li><a href="/en/student" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/487">Student</a></li> <li><a href="/en/company" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/491">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/en/alumni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/492">Alumni</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <section id="block-clear-2" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentf6807730-7e78-4f5b-b7bd-f76f4652f48d clearfix"> </section> <a class="logo navbar-btn pull-left" href="/en" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/LOGO-PSL.png" alt="Home" /> </a> <section id="block-accessconfig" class="block block-custom-front block-accessconfig-block clearfix"> <div class="access_block"> <div id="accessconfig" class='accessconfig' data-accessconfig-buttonname="" data-accessconfig-params='{ "Prefix" : "a42-ac", "ContainerClass" : "","ModalCloseButton" : "","ModalTitle" : "","FormFieldset" : "","FormFieldsetLegend" : "","FormRadio" : "", "ImageReplacement": false}'></div> </div> </section> <section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" id="block-selecteurdelangue" role="navigation"> <ul class="lang"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">en<span>&#9660;</span></a> <div class="dropdown-menu"><a href="/universite/sapere-aude" class="link_bottom_line" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32">fr</a><a href="/en/university/sapere-aude" class="link_bottom_line is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32" aria-current="page">en</a></div> </ul> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-programmesgradues-menu" id="block-programmesgradues"> <h2 id="block-programmesgradues-menu"><a href="/en/education/psls-graduate-programs">Graduate Programs</a></h2> </a> <ul class="menu menu--programmes-gradues nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-programs-astrophysics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3401">Astrophysics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-arts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3397">Arts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-chemistry" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3402">Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-law" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3404">Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-economics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3409">Economics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-finance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3410">Finance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-computer-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3396">Computer Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-engineering-isai" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3434">Engineering</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-management" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3435">Management</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/mathematics-and-applications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3436">Mathematics and Applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3437">Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-earth-science-and-biodiversity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3438">Earth Science and Biodiversity</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-religious-studies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3377">Religious Studies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-life-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3383">Life Sciences</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-historical-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3422">Historical Sciences</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/social-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3423">Social Sciences</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/graduate-program-cognitive-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3424">Cognitive Sciences</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/en/graduate-programs/translitterae-graduate-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3425">Translitter忙</a> </li> </ul> </nav><div class="search-block-form block block-search block-search-form-block" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" id="block-custom-theme-search" role="search"> <div class="close_btn"></div> <form action="/en/search/result" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-search js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label form-group"> <label for="edit-keys" class="control-label sr-only">Search</label> <div class="input-group"><input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" class="form-search form-control" placeholder="Search" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" data-toggle="tooltip" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn"><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> Search</button></span></div> </div> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-advanced-form" type="hidden" name="advanced-form" value="1" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-f-0" type="hidden" name="f[0]" value="language:en" /><div class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"></div> </form> </div><section id="block-clear" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentf6807730-7e78-4f5b-b7bd-f76f4652f48d clearfix"> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-menuprincipal-menu" id="block-menuprincipal"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-menuprincipal-menu">Menu Principal</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent active niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">University</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent active niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university/sapere-aude" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32" class="is-active" aria-current="page">About us</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/sapere-aude" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Sapere Aude</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/psl-quick-facts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/674">PSL Quick facts</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/excellence-and-equal-opportunity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34">Excellence and Equal Opportunity</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/collections-and-heritage" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/759">Collections and Heritage</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/psl-z" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342">PSL from A to Z</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/10-years-universite-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3998">10 years of Universit茅 PSL</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university/schools" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/608">Schools</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/schools#universite" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/608">Universit茅 PSL</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/schools#partenaires" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/608">Partners</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/psl-international-rankings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1849">International rankings</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university/organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2585">Organization</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/organization#instances" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2585">Governance</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/organization#sms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2585">Services</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/university/organization/psl-bylaws-and-regulatory-documents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3910">PSL bylaws and regulatory documents</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="actualites">News</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/universite/parisante-campus-la-ou-grandit-le-sante" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3638">PariSant茅 Campus</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/investments-future-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1037">Investments for the Future Program</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/media-relations-and-communications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Media Relations and Communications</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="https://recrutement.psl.eu">Join us</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="https://psl.eu/fondation-psl">The PSL Foundation</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/support-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1753">Support PSL</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/609">Education</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/610">Find your curriculum</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/bachelors-degree" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/569">Bachelor&#039;s degree</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/masters-degrees" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/776">Master&#039;s degree</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/node/5691" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5691">Doctoral programs</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/en/education/find-your-curriculum/psl-phd-tracks" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3631">PhD Track</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/become-entrepreneur" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84">Become an entrepreneur</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/life-long-learning" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571">Life long learning</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psls-graduate-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2434">Graduate Programs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5797">Admissions</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/admissions/undergraduate-admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5799">Undergraduate admissions</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/admissions/graduate-admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5800">Graduate admissions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6359">PSL voices : by students, for students</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices/blog" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6016">PSL student blog </a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices-students-students/student-stories" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2491">Student stories</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices-students-students/get-touch-our-students-and-staff" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3399">Get in touch with our students</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/international-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3540">International students</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/keys-academic-success" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/582">Keys to academic success</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/602">Research</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/research-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/57">Research at PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/research-psl/hrs4r" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2646">HRS4R</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/research-psl/scientific-integrity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4568">Scientific integrity</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/en/signature-policy-on-scientific-publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2939">Signature policy on scientific publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/psls-graduate-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2434">Graduate programs</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/research-institutes-and-labs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2968">Research institutes and labs</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/support-researchers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2970">Support for researchers</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/support-researchers/psl-calls-proposals" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/62">Call for Proposals</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/doctoral-studies-and-postdoctoral-fellowships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/65">Doctoral studies and Postdoctoral Fellowships</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/doctoral-studies-and-postdoctoral-fellowships/psl-postdoctoral-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Postdoctoral fellows</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/research/doctoral-studies-and-postdoctoral-fellowships/welcome-desk-researchers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6618">Welcome Desk</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/life-sciences-ds" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5828">Doctoral school</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research/documentation-and-outreach" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67">Documentation and knowledge dissemination</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr/ressources-et-savoirs-psl/bibliotheques-musees">Libraries and museums</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://catalogue.explore.psl.eu/primo-explore/search?vid=33PSL_V1&amp;lang=en_US">PSL catalog</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://bibnum.explore.psl.eu/s/psl/page/accueil">Digital collections</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr/se-former/tutoriels">Tutorials</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr/chercher/bases-de-donnees">Databases</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation-entrepreneurship" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/601">Innovation</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70">Innovate and transfer</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer/protect" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Protect your innovation</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer/enhancing-and-transferring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72">Transfer your technology</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer/financing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/73">Find your funding</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/psls-innovation-labs-coworking-spaces" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Innovation lab &amp; coworking spaces</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75">Entrepreneurship at PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/researcher-and-entrepreneur" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/82">Researcher entrepreneurs</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/laboratory-start-ups" data-drupal-link-system-path="startup-des-laboratoires">Research lab start-ups</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum/become-entrepreneur" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84">Enterpreneurship Education</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/node/1930" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1930">PSL Innovation Fund</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/psl-tech-seed" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3514">PSL Tech Seed</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/psl-iteams" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2121">PSL-iTeams</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl/psl-tech-acceleration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3513">PSL Tech Acceleration</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation/company-relations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/85">Corporate relations</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/corporate-relations/psl-technology" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86">PSL Technology</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/innovation/corporate-relations/psls-administrative-supervision-supports-and-partners" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3498">Our supports and partners</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/enterprise-innovation-psl-people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88">Enterprise &amp; Innovation - People</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/campus-lifepsl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Life@PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/90">Get involved</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/vie-de-campus/vie-associative/union-psl-le-bde-de-luniversite" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3460">&quot;Union PSL&quot; PSL Student Organization</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved/psl-alumni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/697">PSL Alumni</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="http://unionpsl.psl.eu/annuaire.html">Student organizations</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved/funding-student-organizations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93">Funding for clubs &amp; organizations</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved/orchestra-choir" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/95">Orchestra &amp; Choir</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/vie-de-campus/services-etudiants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3551">Student services</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/psl-housing-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3314">PSL Housing</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/helpline-against-harassment-and-violences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3318">Helpline against harassment and violences</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/student-services/student-health-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5374">Student health service</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/student-services/psl-welcome-desk" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4565">PSL Welcome Desk</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/99">Campus life in Paris</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/financial-aids" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/583">Financial Aid</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/dining" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/100">Dining</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/campus-maps-directions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/103">Campus maps &amp; directions</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/athletics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/98">Athletics</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/see-explore-go-out" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/675">See, Explore, Go Out</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/international" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5255">International</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/international/study-abroad" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/584">Study abroad</a> </li> <li class="parent niv-1"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/international/study-teach-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5251">Study / teach at PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/international/study-teach-psl/psl-global-strategy-and-international-partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5294">PSL Global: strategy and international partnerships</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="/en/education/international-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3540">International students: your application at PSL</a> </li> <li class="niv-2"> <a href="https://psl.eu/recherche/doctorat-et-post-doctorat/welcome-desk-chercheuse-chercheur">Welcome Desk - Researchers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/universite/international/eelisa-european-engineering-learning-innovation-science-alliance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3330">European University - EELISA</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="search_bouton"></div> <div class="nom_liste"> <a href="https://www.psl.eu/universite/nos-etablissements">Schools</a> </div> </div> <section class="main_section"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="head_visuel" style="height:410px;background:url('//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/2019-09/header_qui-sommes-nous-pantheon.jpg')"></div> <div class="simple_content"> <h1> <span property="schema:name">Sapere Aude</span> </h1> <div class="share_block"> <div class="share_btn">Share :</div> <div class="social-buttons"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?url=https%3A//psl.eu/en/university/sapere-aude&amp;text=Sapere%20Aude" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="visually-hidden">Twitter</span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//psl.eu/en/university/sapere-aude" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="visually-hidden">Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https%3A//psl.eu/en/university/sapere-aude&amp;title=Sapere%20Aude" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><span class="visually-hidden">Linked in</span></a> <a href="" title="Print" data-popup-open="false" onClick="window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print"></i><span class="visually-hidden">Print</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-paragraphe-type-1 field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--chapo paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="chapo_block"> <p><em>"Dare to know", is the motto of Universit茅 PSL.</em></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-simple paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-text-simple field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"><h3>Mission statement</h3> <p>The vision of Universit茅 PSL was born out of the long intellectual and scientific history of its schools, which decided to join forces and build a common future in order to create a radical new institution. Wholly committed to excellence in education, training and research, PSL is a global university, which aims to reflect, represent and influence society today and the world of the future in all its diversity. The university鈥檚 collegial ethos is a major asset, ensuring that dialogue takes place between all areas of knowledge, innovation and creativity in science, humanities, social sciences, arts and engineering.</p> <p>PSL offers an education led by the research carried out in its laboratories while encouraging discussion and mobility between disciplines and across schools. Our university exercises critical thinking and fosters creativity. Students are selected on the basis of their potential and talent. The university champions equal opportunities and promotes social, cultural and geographic diversity, and students are guaranteed individual mentoring, small class sizes and personalized academic pathways. The PSL student community enjoys a rich network of student societies and makes the most of the many opportunities that Paris can offer. Whether they opt later for a career in senior management, academia, business, the artistic or cultural world or the non-profit sector, PSL students become citizens who are fully aware of their individual, social and environmental responsibilities.</p> <p>PSL champions independent research and academic freedom. The range of our disciplines and the ways in which PSL approaches them lead to disruptive thinking and breakthrough innovations and ensure that our university can contribute to solving today鈥檚 major problems and challenges. It has one of the world鈥檚 strongest scientific environments. It maintains strong partnerships with leading international universities and contributes pro-actively to the global circulation of ideas, skills and talent.</p> <p>PSL is active in promoting science, technology, knowledge and the arts in all sectors of society. We consider it essential to communicate to leaders in the public and private sectors the full importance of the scientific method and the urgency of engaging with the most up-to-date and rigorous research findings. Our approach is based on wide and effective scientific and cultural dissemination, innovation transfer, and the creation of new businesses. PSL also has a large and diverse world-wide community of alumni.</p> <p>PSL is a responsible university. Our staff members have a public service role, and they contribute to national and international debates and the development of public policies. Our university encourages and values the social commitment of its students, both individually and through their student societies. Awareness of sustainable development goals is incorporated into all our research, teaching and all our other activities. We champion the value and importance of research integrity, and we are committed to an open data policy. Our human resources policy prioritizes quality of life at work, career development and inclusivity.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-simple paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-text-simple field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"><p>PSL includes eleven Schools: Coll猫ge de France, Conservatoire National Sup茅rieur d'Art Dramatique - PSL, Dauphine - PSL, 脡cole nationale des chartes - PSL, 脡cole nationale sup茅rieure de Chimie de Paris - PSL, 脡cole normale sup茅rieure - PSL, 脡cole Pratique des Hautes 脡tudes - PSL, ESPCI Paris - PSL, Institut Curie, Mines Paris - PSL, Observatoire de Paris - PSL.</p> <p>PSL works closely with three research entities: CNRS, Inria, Inserm.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="btn_paragraph_block"> <a class="boutton_paragraph type_1" href="https://www.psl.eu/en/university/schools-and-institutes" target="_blank"> <div class="cl-effect"> PSL schools </div> </a> </div></div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="btn_paragraph_block"> <a class="boutton_paragraph type_3" href="https://psl.eu/sites/default/files/Rapport_activite_UniversitePSL_2019-2020.pdf" target="_blank"> <div class="cl-effect"> 2019-2020 Annual report </div> </a> </div></div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--mosaique paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-contenu-mosaique field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"><div class="redirections_2_col"> <a href="/en/university/about-us/psl-quick-facts" class="block_mosaique"> <div class="right"> <div class="title">PSL Quick facts</div> </div> </a> <a href="/en/psl-worldwide" class="block_mosaique"> <div class="right"> <div class="title">PSL Worldwide</div> </div> </a> <a href="/en/university/about-us/excellence-and-equal-opportunity" class="block_mosaique"> <div class="right"> <div class="title">Excellence and Equal Opportunity</div> </div> </a> <a href="/en/university/about-us/collections-and-heritage" class="block_mosaique"> <div class="right"> <div class="title">Outreach</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-simple paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-text-simple field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"><h3>PSL from A to&nbsp;Z</h3> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video form-group"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_11qzMlpXGo?autoplay=0&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0"></iframe> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="btn_paragraph_block"> <a class="boutton_paragraph type_1" href="https://www.psl.eu/en/university/about-us/psl-z" target="_blank"> <div class="cl-effect"> PSL from A to Z </div> </a> </div></div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-simple paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-text-simple field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"><h3>They Made PSL What It Is</h3> <p><br> By coming to Universit茅 PSL, students and researchers follow in the footsteps of our most illustrious alumni and can likewise have an impact on society, whether in academia or in the private sector.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--mosaique paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-contenu-mosaique field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"><div class="mosaique_slider"> <div class="slide"> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-emile-durkheim.jpg?itok=EGVN1uvc" alt="mos portrait Emile Durkheim"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Emile Durkheim</div> <div class="text">Sociology</div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="https://explore.univ-psl.fr/fr/exposition-virtuelle/marie-curie-1867-1934-0" class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-07/marie-curie.jpg?itok=WirNIEwd" alt="marie curie"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Marie Curie</div> <div class="text">Physics & Chemistry</div> </div> </div> </a> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-jean-paul-sartre.jpg?itok=VeQH-h9W" alt="Jean-Paul Sartre Litt茅rature Philosophie PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Jean-Paul Sartre</div> <div class="text">Literature & Philosophy</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-cesaire-aime-vignette.jpg?itok=3gIRWp2q" alt="Aim茅 C茅saire Po猫te Homme politique PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Aim茅 C茅saire</div> <div class="text">Poetry & Politics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-claude-levi-strauss-cc-unesco-michel-ravassard.jpg?itok=jEUKIk-7" alt="Claude Levi-Strauss Anthropologue et ethnologue PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Claude Levi-Strauss</div> <div class="text">Anthropolgy & Ethnography</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-assia_djebar-cc-michel-georges-bernard.jpg?itok=n3DxOh2I" alt="Assia Djebar Litt茅rature PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Assia Djebar</div> <div class="text">Literature</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/frederic-mazzella.jpg?itok=z5pGSanV" alt="Fr茅d茅ric Mazzella Fondateur de BlaBlaCar PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Fr茅d茅ric Mazzella</div> <div class="text">Founder of BlaBlaCar</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-louis_pasteur.jpg?itok=8yB58ERS" alt="Louis Pasteur biologie chimie physique PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Louis Pasteur</div> <div class="text">Biology & Chemistry</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-paul_langevin-photographe-henri_manuel.jpg?itok=OVlMc0SD" alt="Paul Langevin physique PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Paul Langevin</div> <div class="text">Physics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-isabelle_huppert_cc-nicolas-genin.jpg?itok=SC5yHA9j" alt="Isabelle Huppert Actrice PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Isabelle Huppert</div> <div class="text">Dramatic Art</div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="slide"> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-sainte-claire-deville.jpg?itok=MJFyIPhS" alt="Charles Sainte-Claire-Deville G茅ologue PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Charles Sainte-Claire-Deville</div> <div class="text">Geology</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-pierre-louis-lions.jpg?itok=p_pnYaCh" alt="Pierre-Louis Lions Math茅matiques PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Pierre-Louis Lions</div> <div class="text">Mathematics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait_maurice_allais.jpg?itok=f7tcWf99" alt="Maurice Allais Economie PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Maurice Allais</div> <div class="text">Economics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-fernand-braudel.jpg?itok=x5U259V-" alt="Fernand Braudel Historien PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Fernand Braudel</div> <div class="text">History</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-francois-arago-par-h.scheffer.jpg?itok=FXQb2zt3" alt="Fran莽ois Arago Math茅matiques Physique Astronomie PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Fran莽ois Arago</div> <div class="text">Mathematics Physics Astronomy</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-jean_rochefort-cc-georges-biard.jpg?itok=8TdMqmuM" alt="Jean Rochefort Acteur PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Jean Rochefort</div> <div class="text">Dramatic Art</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/philippe-aghion-vignette.jpg?itok=acbrXI__" alt="Philippe Aghion Economie PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Philippe Aghion</div> <div class="text">Economics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/francois_de_wendel_vignette.jpg?itok=lkF6oZbY" alt="Fran莽ois de Wendel Homme d&#039;Etat PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Fran莽ois de Wendel</div> <div class="text">Politics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-pierre-gilles-de-gennes-cc-studio-harcourt.jpg?itok=NSCujeoq" alt="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Physique PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</div> <div class="text">Physics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-alain_juppe-cc-florence-cassini.jpg?itok=qE_6_qBs" alt="Alain Jupp茅 Homme d&#039;Etat PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Alain Jupp茅</div> <div class="text">Politics</div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="slide"> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/simone_weil_vignette.jpg?itok=CvY1HFoi" alt="Simone Weil Philosophie &amp; Litt茅rature"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Simone Weil</div> <div class="text">Philosophy & Literature</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-serge_haroche-cc-bengt-nyman.jpg?itok=SlxmwbQM" alt="Serge Haroche Physique PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Serge Haroche</div> <div class="text">Physics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-laurent-fabius-cc-marie-lan-nguyen.jpg?itok=-JV7F6bV" alt="Laurent Fabius Homme d&#039;Etat PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Laurent Fabius</div> <div class="text">Politics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-jean-pierre_marielle-cc-thesupermat.jpg?itok=1WDRwprE" alt="Jean-Pierre Marielle Acteur PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Jean-Pierre Marielle</div> <div class="text">Dramatic Art</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/henri_poincare_vignette.jpg?itok=qPP4Bqu1" alt="Henri Poincar茅 Math茅matiques Physique PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Henri Poincar茅</div> <div class="text">Mathematics & Physics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-serre_jean-pierre-cc-myriam-touati.jpg?itok=gw79eQOe" alt="Jean-Pierre Serre Math茅matiques PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Jean-Pierre Serre</div> <div class="text">Mathematics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait_irene_joliot_curie.jpg?itok=68Ve92hy" alt="Ir猫ne Joliot-Curie Chimie Physique PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Ir猫ne Joliot-Curie</div> <div class="text">Physics & Chemistry</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait_raymond_aron.jpg?itok=aorb1Z8W" alt="Raymond Aron Philosophie PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Raymond Aron</div> <div class="text">Philosophy</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait_olivier_blanchard.jpg?itok=p_QXztKv" alt="Olivier Blanchard Economie PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Olivier Blanchard</div> <div class="text">Economics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait-de-claude-cohen-tannoudji-cc-pruneau.jpg?itok=nTqiS8X1" alt="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji physicien PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</div> <div class="text">Physics</div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="slide"> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2017-09/portrait_jean-christophe_yoccoz.jpg?itok=flQlsH3Z" alt="Jean-Christophe Yoccoz Math茅matiques PSL"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Jean-Christophe Yoccoz</div> <div class="text">Mathematics</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2019-07/charpak_georges-24x50-2005_cropped.jpg?itok=xMAgQL6X" alt="Georges Charpak ESPCI Paris by harcourt creative commons"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Georges Charpak</div> <div class="text">Physique</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2020-01/isabelle_kocher_-_2018_cropped.jpg?itok=Owk73OWt" alt="Isabelle Kocher - Wikimedia commons"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Isabelle Kocher</div> <div class="text">Business woman</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide_content"> <img src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/styles/215x240/public/2020-01/esther_duflo_-_poptech_2009_-_001_cropped.jpg?itok=FyOtFh3F" alt="Esther Duflo - Wikimedia commons"> <div class="hover_content"> <div class="description"> <div class="text">Esther Duflo</div> <div class="text">Economics</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cont940"> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="region region-footer"> <section id="block-newsletter" class="block-webform-submission-newsletter block block-webform block-webform-block clearfix"> <form class="webform-submission-form webform-submission-add-form webform-submission-newsletter-form webform-submission-newsletter-add-form webform-submission-newsletter-node-32-form webform-submission-newsletter-node-32-add-form js-webform-details-toggle webform-details-toggle" data-drupal-selector="webform-submission-newsletter-node-32-add-form" action="/en/university/sapere-aude" method="post" id="webform-submission-newsletter-node-32-add-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-email js-form-type-email form-item-email js-form-item-email form-group"> <label for="edit-email" class="control-label">Notre newsletter : <strong>pour rester en contact avec PSL</strong></label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-email" class="form-email form-control" type="email" id="edit-email" name="email" value="" size="60" maxlength="254" placeholder="Entrer votre email" /><span class="icon"></span> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions webform-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"> <button class="webform-button--submit button button--primary js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions-submit" type="submit" id="edit-actions-submit" name="op" value="OK">OK</button> </div> <input data-drupal-selector="form-lt3o8yy3g5tsnspugqh6cp8yjyoicxjwvgonsnwcroi" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-LT3O8YY3G5tsNSPUgQH6CP8YjYoICXJwvgonSnWCROI" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-webform-submission-newsletter-node-32-add-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="webform_submission_newsletter_node_32_add_form" /> </form> </section> <section id="block-mentionrgdpnewsletter" class="block block-block-content block-block-content6e836901-45d0-44bc-8ae7-fed312a94cd9 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Your e-mail address will only be used to send you the PSL newsletter. You can unsubscribe at any time using the unsubscribe link in the newsletter. For more information on the use of your personal data, please consult our <a href="https://www.psl.eu/politique-de-confidentialite" title="Politique de confidentialit茅">Privacy Policy</a>.</p> </div> </section> <section id="block-footerleftpart" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentf4473119-9332-4bc6-8903-514ce718b6c9 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><img alt="logo-psl-footer_2017.png" data-entity-type data-entity-uuid height="75" src="/sites/default/files/logo-psl-footer_2017.png" width="179" loading="lazy"></p> <ul> <li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/psl_univ">&nbsp;</a></li> <li class="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/PSLuniv">&nbsp;</a></li> <li class="linkedin"><a href="https://lu.linkedin.com/edu/psl-research-university-175004">&nbsp;</a></li> <li class="instagram"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/psl_univ/">&nbsp;</a></li> <li class="youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJeinKLg1dOGIOvS9m07vcg">&nbsp;</a></li> <li class="rss"><a href="/">&nbsp;</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="/investissements-davenir-0"><img alt data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="eb46393d-a807-40f1-a0b8-a827329bd88d" height="73" src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/Logotype-blanc.png" width="74" loading="lazy"></a><a href="https://eelisa.eu/"><img alt="EELISA European University" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8c137d2b-a745-461e-9885-9406d7bf9274" height="73" src="//static.psl.eu/sites/default/files/inline-images/EELISA%20European%20University-logo_0.png" width="74" loading="lazy"></a></p> </div> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-menuprincipal-3-menu" id="block-menuprincipal-3"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-menuprincipal-3-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="parent active niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/university" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">University</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="active niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/sapere-aude" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32" class="is-active" aria-current="page">About us</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/schools" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/608">Schools</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/psl-international-rankings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1849">International rankings</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2585">Organization</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="actualites">News</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/universite/parisante-campus-la-ou-grandit-le-sante" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3638">PariSant茅 Campus</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/investments-future-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1037">Investments for the Future Program</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/university/media-relations-and-communications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Media Relations and Communications</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="https://recrutement.psl.eu">Join us</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="https://psl.eu/fondation-psl">The PSL Foundation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/609">Education</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/find-your-curriculum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/610">Find your curriculum</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5797">Admissions</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/psl-voices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6359">PSL voices : by students, for students</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/international-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3540">International students</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/keys-academic-success" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/582">Keys to academic success</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/602">Research</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/research-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/57">Research at PSL</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/education/psls-graduate-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2434">Graduate programs</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/research-institutes-and-labs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2968">Research institutes and labs</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/support-researchers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2970">Support for researchers</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/doctoral-studies-and-postdoctoral-fellowships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/65">Doctoral studies and Postdoctoral Fellowships</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/life-sciences-ds" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5828">Doctoral school</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/research/documentation-and-outreach" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67">Documentation and knowledge dissemination</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/innovation-entrepreneurship" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/601">Innovation</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/innovate-and-transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70">Innovate and transfer</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/psls-innovation-labs-coworking-spaces" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Innovation lab &amp; coworking spaces</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/entrepreneurship-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75">Entrepreneurship at PSL</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/company-relations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/85">Corporate relations</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/innovation/enterprise-innovation-psl-people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88">Enterprise &amp; Innovation - People</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/campus-lifepsl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Life@PSL</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/get-involved" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/90">Get involved</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/vie-de-campus/services-etudiants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3551">Student services</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/99">Campus life in Paris</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="parent niv-0"> <div style="position:relative"> <a href="/en/international" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5255">International</a> <span class="flash"></span> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/international/study-abroad" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/584">Study abroad</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/international/study-teach-psl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5251">Study / teach at PSL</a> </li> <li class="niv-1"> <a href="/en/universite/international/eelisa-european-engineering-learning-innovation-science-alliance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3330">European University - EELISA</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-menurapide-menu" id="block-menurapide"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-menurapide-menu">Menu rapide</h2> <ul class="menu_rapide"> <li><a href="/en/node/600" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/600">PSL Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/athletics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/98">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/en/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="actualites">News</a></li> <li><a href="/en/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="agenda">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://explore.psl.eu/fr">PSL-Explore</a></li> <li><a href="/en/node/477" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/477">PSL Glossary</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-pieddepage-menu" id="block-pieddepage"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-pieddepage-menu">Pied de page</h2> <ul class="menu menu--footer nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/en/form/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/contact">Contact</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/node/581" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/581">March茅s publics</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.univ-psl.fr/rss.xml">Flux RSS</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/terms-and-conditions-use-psleu-website" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/696">CGU</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/privacy-policy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/669">Politique de confidentialit茅</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/en/sitemap" data-drupal-link-system-path="sitemap">Sitemap</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/32","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"cookieDomain":".psl.eu","eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":false,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EGestion des cookies\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--categories\u0022 aria-modal=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022message\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EVos param\u00e8tres de cookies\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVous naviguez sur le site de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 PSL. L\u2019Universit\u00e9 PSL, responsable de traitement, utilise des cookies pour la r\u00e9alisation de statistiques ainsi que pour l\u2019optimisation du site. Vous pouvez accepter ou refuser l\u2019utilisation de cookies, ainsi que personnaliser vos pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences. Nous conservons votre choix pendant 3 mois. Vous pouvez changer d\u2019avis \u00e0 tout moment en cliquant sur l\u2019ic\u00f4ne \u00ab Gestion des cookies \u00bb en bas \u00e0 gauche sur toutes les pages de notre site internet.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n \u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/privacy-policy\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022 title=\u0022Learn more about our cookie management\u0022\u003EPlus d\u0026#039;informations\u003C\/a\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-categories\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-categories\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cinput type=\u0022checkbox\u0022 name=\u0022cookie-categories\u0022 id=\u0022cookie-category-required\u0022\n value=\u0022required\u0022\n checked disabled \u003E\n \u003Clabel for=\u0022cookie-category-required\u0022\u003ECookies obligatoire (session Drupal)\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category-description\u0022\u003ECes cookies sont strictement obligatoires au bon fonctionnent du site.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cinput type=\u0022checkbox\u0022 name=\u0022cookie-categories\u0022 id=\u0022cookie-category-video\u0022\n value=\u0022video\u0022\n \u003E\n \u003Clabel for=\u0022cookie-category-video\u0022\u003ECookies vid\u00e9os\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category-description\u0022\u003EIls permettent la visualisation des vid\u00e9os sur notre site. (Youtube) \u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons eu-cookie-compliance-has-categories\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-save-preferences-button hidden eu-cookie-compliance-save-preferences-button save-button\u0022 data-cookie-trigger data-cookies-save\u003E\n Enregistrer mes choix\n \u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022 title=\u0022Accepter tous les cookies\u0022\u003ETout accepter\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookies__btn btn-primary show-pref-button\u0022 aria-label=\u0022Param\u00e8tres des cookies\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-categories\u0022 data-cookie-trigger=\u0022\u0022 data-original-text=\u0022Param\u00e9trer\u0022\u003EParam\u00e9trer\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookies__btn refuse-button\u0022\u003ETout refuser\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EGestion des cookies\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--categories\u0022 aria-modal=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022message\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/privacy-policy\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022 title=\u0022Learn more about our cookie management\u0022\u003EPlus d\u0026#039;informations\u003C\/a\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-categories\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-categories\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cinput type=\u0022checkbox\u0022 name=\u0022cookie-categories\u0022 id=\u0022cookie-category-required\u0022\n value=\u0022required\u0022\n checked disabled \u003E\n \u003Clabel for=\u0022cookie-category-required\u0022\u003ECookies obligatoire (session Drupal)\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category-description\u0022\u003ECes cookies sont strictement obligatoires au bon fonctionnent du site.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cinput type=\u0022checkbox\u0022 name=\u0022cookie-categories\u0022 id=\u0022cookie-category-video\u0022\n value=\u0022video\u0022\n \u003E\n \u003Clabel for=\u0022cookie-category-video\u0022\u003ECookies vid\u00e9os\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-category-description\u0022\u003EIls permettent la visualisation des vid\u00e9os sur notre site. (Youtube) \u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons eu-cookie-compliance-has-categories\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-save-preferences-button hidden eu-cookie-compliance-save-preferences-button save-button\u0022 data-cookie-trigger data-cookies-save\u003E\n Enregistrer mes choix\n \u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022 title=\u0022Accepter tous les cookies\u0022\u003ETout accepter\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookies__btn btn-primary show-pref-button\u0022 aria-label=\u0022Param\u00e8tres des cookies\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-categories\u0022 data-cookie-trigger=\u0022\u0022 data-original-text=\u0022Param\u00e9trer\u0022\u003EParam\u00e9trer\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookies__btn refuse-button\u0022\u003ETout refuser\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":200,"popup_link":"https:\/\/www.psl.eu\/politique-de-confidentialite","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":true,"better_support_for_screen_readers":false,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":false,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"categories","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"other:cookie1\r\nstats:__cfduid\r\nstats:_ga\r\nstats:_gid\r\nstats:_gat\r\nstats:uvc\r\nstats:NID\r\nstats:CONSENT\r\nstats:ANID\r\nstats:1P_JAR\r\nstats:_pk_id\r\nvideo:APISID\r\nvideo:HSID\r\nvideo:LOGIN_INFO\r\nvideo:PREF\r\nvideo:SAPISID\r\nvideo:SID\r\nvideo:SIDCC\r\nvideo:SSID\r\nvideo:VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE\r\nvideo:YSC\r\nvideo:OTZ\r\nvideo:1P_JAR\r\nvideo:UID\r\nvideo:UIDR\r\nvideo:client_token\r\nvideo:damd\r\nvideo:dmvk\r\nvideo:ts\r\nvideo:v1st","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EGestion des cookies\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button \u0022\u003E\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":true,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":true,"cookie_categories":["required","video"],"cookie_categories_details":{"required":{"uuid":"5dd3c638-6ae3-4eee-aa09-25feb861d3d6","langcode":"fr","status":true,"dependencies":[],"id":"required","label":"Cookies obligatoire (session Drupal)","description":"Ces cookies sont strictement obligatoires au bon fonctionnent du site.","checkbox_default_state":"required","weight":-10},"video":{"uuid":"7294ba58-c616-4a5a-b768-e58eb40ff280","langcode":"fr","status":true,"dependencies":[],"id":"video","label":"Cookies vid\u00e9os","description":"Ils permettent la visualisation des vid\u00e9os sur notre site. (Youtube) ","checkbox_default_state":"unchecked","weight":-8}},"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":true,"olivero_primary_button_classes":"","olivero_secondary_button_classes":"","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1,"modal_animation":1,"modal_backdrop":"true","modal_focus_input":1,"modal_keyboard":1,"modal_select_text":1,"modal_show":1,"modal_size":"","popover_enabled":1,"popover_animation":1,"popover_auto_close":1,"popover_container":"body","popover_content":"","popover_delay":"0","popover_html":0,"popover_placement":"right","popover_selector":"","popover_title":"","popover_trigger":"click","tooltip_enabled":1,"tooltip_animation":1,"tooltip_container":"body","tooltip_delay":"0","tooltip_html":0,"tooltip_placement":"auto left","tooltip_selector":"","tooltip_trigger":"hover"},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true,"\/en\/search\/result":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"7330b25061b6d016bab60d9bafdb6d0f847f34df7fc68a86827eb5c26061cb95"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_otoaYjrLJ2gysopvLP-H-oCoEJJ22ejaOj2Eps0duDw.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=custom_theme&amp;include=eJyFj0EKwzAMBD9k4icFRVVcUdlrIiWlv68LPQTa0ssuDHPY5d0DdY6rVMkeD9NWEp8hMYs7o61akuwzAzeVUbWbUmPJ32BagPDYqOeOjkO2EwnAQnu6y7Jiq_nd0ys-oNhY0WK6SJCaT06H_JUCpdhvrY5HVCQ5WMlm1zFb8rJHoPkT3BVskA"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=10.3.1" defer></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-nuL8/2cJ5NDSSwnKD8VqreErSWHtnEP9E7AySL+1ev4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_8Vtz-eBbJMTTbiun7K0QpZtNDw0cRQvFR_Dms5o0DWE.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=custom_theme&amp;include=eJyFj0EKwzAMBD9k4icFRVVcUdlrIiWlv68LPQTa0ssuDHPY5d0DdY6rVMkeD9NWEp8hMYs7o61akuwzAzeVUbWbUmPJ32BagPDYqOeOjkO2EwnAQnu6y7Jiq_nd0ys-oNhY0WK6SJCaT06H_JUCpdhvrY5HVCQ5WMlm1zFb8rJHoPkT3BVskA"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10