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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_American_archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_American_archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>North American archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_American_archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kankali_Tila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kankali_Tila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Kankali Tila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kankali_Tila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology_elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology_elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Archaeology elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology_elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mound_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mound_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mound types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mound_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holm" title="Holm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Holm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9" title="أكمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أكمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF" title="Насып – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Насып" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8j" title="Høj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Høj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound" title="Mound – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mound" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dah_yisk%CA%BCid" title="Dah yiskʼid – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dah yiskʼid" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%ADculo" title="Montículo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montículo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تپه باستانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تپه باستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butte_(topographie)" title="Butte (topographie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Butte (topographie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC" title="ದಿಬ್ಬ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಿಬ್ಬ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9A" title="塚 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塚" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haug" title="Haug – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Haug" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ٹیلا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹیلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopiec_(architektura)" title="Kopiec (architektura) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kopiec (architektura)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DA%A9%DB%95" title="تەپۆڵکە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەپۆڵکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хумка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хумка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hautakumpu" title="Hautakumpu – Finnish" lang="fi" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Artificial heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For 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#f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mound" title="Special:EditPage/Mound">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mound%22">"Mound"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mound%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mound%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mound%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mound%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mound%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg/230px-Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg/345px-Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg/460px-Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grave_Creek_Mound" title="Grave Creek Mound">Grave Creek Mound</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Moundsville,_West_Virginia" title="Moundsville, West Virginia">Moundsville, West Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krakow_2006_195.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Krakow_2006_195.jpg/230px-Krakow_2006_195.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Krakow_2006_195.jpg/345px-Krakow_2006_195.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Krakow_2006_195.jpg/460px-Krakow_2006_195.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Mound" title="Kościuszko Mound">Kościuszko Mound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>mound</b> is a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heaped" class="extiw" title="wikt:heaped">heaped</a> pile of <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rocks</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Debris" title="Debris">debris</a>. Most commonly, mounds are earthen formations such as <a href="/wiki/Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Hills">hills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountains">mountains</a>, particularly if they appear artificial. A mound may be any rounded area of <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographically</a> higher <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> on any surface. Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including habitation (see <a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">Tell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terp" title="Terp">Terp</a>), ceremonial (<a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform mound</a>), burial (<a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a>), and commemorative purposes (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Mound" title="Kościuszko Mound">Kościuszko Mound</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_archaeology">North American archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: North American archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a mound is a deliberately constructed elevated earthen structure or <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">earthwork</a>, intended for a range of potential uses. In European and Asian archaeology, the word "<a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a>" may be used as a synonym for an artificial hill, particularly if the hill is related to particular <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burial</a> customs. </p><p>While the term "mound" may be applied to historic constructions, most mounds in the United States are pre-Columbian earthworks, built by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> peoples.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Native Americans built a variety of mounds, including <a href="/wiki/Frustum" title="Frustum">flat-topped pyramids or cones</a> known as platform mounds, rounded cones, and ridge or loaf-shaped mounds. Some mounds took on unusual shapes, such as the outline of cosmologically significant animals. These are known as <a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">effigy mounds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some mounds, such as a few in <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, have rock formations, or <a href="/wiki/Petroforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroforms">petroforms</a> within them, on them, or near them. </p><p>While these mounds are perhaps not as famous as <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burial</a> mounds, like their European analogs, Native American mounds also have a variety of other uses. While some prehistoric cultures, like the <a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena culture</a>, used mounds preferentially for burial,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others used mounds for other ritual and sacred acts, as well as for secular functions. The platform mounds of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>, for example, may have supported <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temples</a>, the houses of <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">chiefs</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="City hall">council houses</a>, and may have also acted as a platform for public speaking. Other mounds would have been part of defensive walls to protect a certain area. The <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopewell culture">Hopewell culture</a> used mounds as markers of complex astronomical alignments related to ceremonies. </p><p>Mounds and related earthworks are the only significant <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monumental</a> construction in pre-Columbian Eastern and Central North America. peoples.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mounds are given different names depending on which culture they strive from. They can be located all across the world in spots such as Asia, Europe and the Americas. "Mound builders" have more commonly been associated with the mounds in the Americas. They all have different meanings and sometimes are constructed as animals and can be clearly seen from aerial views. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kankali_Tila">Kankali Tila</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kankali Tila"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kankali_Tila" title="Kankali Tila">Kankali Tila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_of_the_excavations_at_Kankali_Tila,_Mathura.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/General_view_of_the_excavations_at_Kankali_Tila%2C_Mathura.webp/220px-General_view_of_the_excavations_at_Kankali_Tila%2C_Mathura.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/General_view_of_the_excavations_at_Kankali_Tila%2C_Mathura.webp/330px-General_view_of_the_excavations_at_Kankali_Tila%2C_Mathura.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/General_view_of_the_excavations_at_Kankali_Tila%2C_Mathura.webp/440px-General_view_of_the_excavations_at_Kankali_Tila%2C_Mathura.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>General view of the excavations at Kankali Tila, Mathura, c. 1895</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kankali_Tila" title="Kankali Tila">Kankali Tila</a> is a famous mound located at <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a> in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a> was excavated here in 1890-91 by Dr. Fuhrer.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeology_elsewhere">Archaeology elsewhere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Archaeology elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estructura_101_de_Yarumela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Estructura_101_de_Yarumela.jpg/220px-Estructura_101_de_Yarumela.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Estructura_101_de_Yarumela.jpg/330px-Estructura_101_de_Yarumela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Estructura_101_de_Yarumela.jpg/440px-Estructura_101_de_Yarumela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>Mound known as Structure 101 located at the <a href="/wiki/Yarumela" title="Yarumela">Yarumela</a> archeological site in Honduras.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mound, as a technical term in archaeology, is not generally in favor in the rest of the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> More specific local terminology is preferred, and each of these terms has its own article (see below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mound_types">Mound types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mound types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chambered_cairn" title="Chambered cairn">Chambered cairn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">Effigy mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">Kofun</a> (Japanese mounds)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subglacial_mound" title="Subglacial mound">Subglacial mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">Tell</a> (also includes multi-lingual synonyms for mounds in the Near East)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terp" title="Terp">Terp</a> (European dwelling mounds located in wetlands like flood plains and salt marshes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Tumulus</a> (barrow) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_barrow" title="Bank barrow">Bank barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_barrow" title="Bell barrow">Bell barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambered_long_barrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambered long barrow">Chambered long barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan" title="Kurgan">Kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_barrow" title="Oval barrow">Oval barrow</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">List of burial mounds in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis" title="Kurgan hypothesis">Kurgan hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_(geology)" title="Mississippian (geology)">Mississippian Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Venta" title="La Venta">La Venta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_Mogote" title="San José Mogote">San José Mogote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Prehistoric Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodland Period">Woodland Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Crystal River Archaeological State Park">Crystal River Archaeological State Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">Ziggurat</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Animals</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mound-building_termites" title="Mound-building termites">Mound-building termites</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNational_Park_Service2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> (August 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/efmo/learn/historyculture/effigy-moundbuilders.htm">"Effigy Moundbuilders"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Effigy+Moundbuilders&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2015-08-30&rft.au=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fefmo%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Feffigy-moundbuilders.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation web cs1">Smith, C. R. (March 9, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/adena.html">"An Introduction to North America's Native People: Adena"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_College" title="Cabrillo College">Cabrillo College</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+North+America%27s+Native+People%3A+Adena&rft.pub=Cabrillo+College&rft.date=2000-03-09&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabrillo.edu%2F~crsmith%2Fadena.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1901" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Vincent Arthur (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924012251140"><i>The Jain stupa and other antiquities of Mathura</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jain+stupa+and+other+antiquities+of+Mathura&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Vincent+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924012251140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mound&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mound" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mound"><i>mound</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mound"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mound">"Mound" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mound&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMound" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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