CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135b9d499c9402f',cH: 'F9P52rpobr6MbFavqgmPhSdNR2v0sbRPPeVkEf.MCc0-1739794768-1.2.1.1-A8AzWoBHKHMmUIj1xuAB7by9Arf36yQ7hatrt9eNKPuazSIhGo3mCb4KHpwbyqnT',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=TWIP&__cf_chl_tk=b6TlwFEQuJMiWnuZAsTbDh2BTtp9hqzRVEBgmdf.fBk-1739794768-1.0.1.1-0tdZadW7PFNz7C4NCXLm5hF7LddZBad.plznaIUt_4w",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739794768',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=TWIP&__cf_chl_f_tk=b6TlwFEQuJMiWnuZAsTbDh2BTtp9hqzRVEBgmdf.fBk-1739794768-1.0.1.1-0tdZadW7PFNz7C4NCXLm5hF7LddZBad.plznaIUt_4w",md: "_lJ_y2YYaLjUUfDRXbnESH88CpyCrjHtg1RoZ5.wYDQ-1739794768-1.2.1.1-uj5aMoQjpLayWHXqQ9dS92.JFxh66pEnlig1Rebzb_Booczm6uqgREtddfVn6ivtXhcXsUQ5P9LeWES9GfyDaYfGuQIylL45jesQYZ_n2oi.g9V7zfLDDeYYvbfJAK0KXzzWaK.4oEsvbgNXsvzYJm1nFHQ6wW3ve_y.uo.Gh7bp25uIzKTT4zfsC.qsTJtuznIz_9WT4WGgO9JRrGEGKFueRPFvj.MfvpgUAraya_5IFaR05pu.kV0f806YV4TkCxGvhdW73sz40uXQlatcK0Ck2ITVgKU..u0f6OWpSxt8wfP.mv9MmTECVsfTsfhaMafiiVnSkULyXGV9d5JVCLSbmW8dcvbcjqaB3knZiFw.bg6obiVusNfufncBdKmDQ_VFcceagZ.STohIurw.gaMCwSryr7Saou5EkiHQ43P.d9I82tiq4Kos3jXs859tpGb_0NYoaYBSHYi2QcdDUwVsbg5ZIPJ7yZ4o0LLjRgetMhpX8HvUux.nDccV..ZhQkczlnd8NY_7iSCbkoIPPxxl6uOdRzAtvXCVSa1Xs3aviU945nSYWsS_6Ki6wBmbvTpOK6hIU9hkAiDU13Pm..rugSibMk9zin9CRDTjghG2zXLrWGy_IBVdTK8Z9UuKUg2fbkTxKhv_.WLPA2Xh0sXpCus7V6k6bbQu7ICNO.ejaxE59HGbAJbeq7VNmM3As7WufSQsUUxuM1XW2M1RL2qvIIE6BsRHokMVxSI.LbDyUhvgo3ViTeDguvgxgr7KWknF9LXI93499lMZV_tZ0Gfe61ArTdTroYgJrByNbDcZMFtdWam9WFotEi0G72BHstxzZdzat8_iB5ChcKhu2OUG.Ba4MpVJ2Lenn_gt_MNuplgD7KT13EMqu5rp9o3afgmasuHZ2jeHYudiiCPpP_NBoN.YrqjNSNYSNTwbH7lu799Gu2zBRTixddE2f9aKDrghZJY5xWyhCPn9FYgXL6A5AxUD2DYal8a58VjTi8UytLxl1XQVCPw83gPLBaV5x2wT_uUEbckdzBIkFjCEGYBuz9jmpBLzAMOwDUhnz22tp1b_57H61qL8R530in3HKaSSl.0l7DYLViO0plfngRLJxY90O1vGLbrG2py_fs2gPJtfiBtV1bLG_kbfhW2WqMygFi485qkgUpYP6QG9jhKfY38w.Xg1LqpAKUR84TplVNfAxpQhuiQb5zCg8Zf71tRmZiublrqjsUWvxev6Yf8Hd9u4MWFuQWSVDbiFfkFWHGQOIp1s_6YzYdA7qVd.Z7O.._BIDWR.Qf3NtkZ4dPR59w8iBAqWP2MakUz3cxxCddrf5bDKSzof9UjRMRaxTEhLP_MIcxAfahVo_2rDSkIcFQk0N4ZpIBSuc4MoKQtes4B8jkz4istQWDycVOBHVLDoBb22umfFgHnLUIxo.hKLG_1K8oGyT6taWwIbwPXvhtLl4KY6cmuYiNiM.GumW4KkFEqr3HIxGLnQ0hFvJFzzwR51bvvzVt4jGmupatcCgkNuU4h0RTYc8ENhQ8tGO8Ys1M_TArbn_1L2vsauH2FmIgPknvOSpcxXmSmBAUnLIJNQ2hDVQjV3dU2.ZROthWsbVmxjaXapW_Pl8U834mkChotxn22M8OtovLtde2IOlo6D0ps2_OX42NXPDFsswOXBORZ_CIuaSsaBTHLXi.uE64ueWmUy_yDOOCosBq3kerEdCidkWXpU9ND03l1_G4Z9tWEQe4_SjEkuWZulxR4NFBxdaJNJDYYTvlYMy1w2MW2ypSMLjJ6BZt9.qiUk6zISwl.sYd_Uh3LSQYu23waIj35DAMiXV0TdUOdCkkTg_Rw4VP2CQ0ub41qJij9kB4EAo1Ww4JLd4pkvefgnQYjvvE9j5onM6yd3uJZpuglA7LLss_eU4V2ZS6c7Kl9N",mdrd: "c5DcDLa41MgK.1hIytl8QhbeOlSfGiUfL_NMx25KSWw-1739794768-1.2.1.1-FK7n6CM0YGYblzICLAtZ6DhxmZyXM08dwoQn7I78cLYnXDu3zg98ihd7SJ3MRDEF_qeOFvxhi5IbT4wGKma82iqZBH5m3hSwQOAg1rwEogaFR55XFrZisNoeC8b_bsqBfLrE9FecR4GyaY2hzT5Bt5kSEFQ1KsUiayyhI7pHQvTCbSejH_zMfweIsjZCRM6odtBiWiFbFjgmXcz5qVfewK1zZm0DLeQtRDtO9IuB38VN6k1p0P7eGoIjWhlTPIpBPMVL5wslRic6cz.DtDDHd4yL3evppSbcgQ_oP1OplVM9oShg7r3ZhEMjcJsle16nOSs1biHBZOvyZEHb_xX_L0mNC99miQ4QjgPxfJQ7PtjRsi_MAMdU6Ztq9uwi1LEzMMIhDSxcVIuXxvxshHaF7.c9ivE7c3.wqJpukHc_lLXM4V.OELY9aXE0lXJaLD9DmYoZW.WwZQjckLOO8WsDN9FlbILYiXiUhPOqrtKxj6NBrqA6_uVW3YiT8COreZZzG6MYQjZ.u1DEVZ1WW0EB2FKJewh9B1GSmG0zSPGXFAng8ls7_OHS9ndnSXyGKJ9wFgyrx7Ej3wfEwGNW9bdhdFgpttPbe_SZN1b2yDoxd5OjJdU3x2JJkxdFw00Hq.xy8WGOBRB1xhLNj1YNunB3_gn3FJ.RY4tBO.At5XrMLfwC3UkmF10.T4vUs4cnIVrcrPyJrcSr_.Z_9jfTWy8hWaPeq0YqvBWRhrzdUwH2qStDWYUAPURi.51d4MTf222H86H7qT4dPtpq7Vbt5y2qhjyQPjetC2Fr_LCBfMCdBHAwgdfyNK_5UDj06l4MNydIAAtX8qSWOojqCyvfVw4icj8Sdgz.pRY70S.UolHeeca0.RO6a02qks_ND.HpYRaz3DD7Myr9T5CBU6uiCjdnFttDTHZB6Weyn0sx40BNzZxyW6LpRhGcr.lMx4V3c4GkuJ4_7GQyHc7uFgzzStvrngd4g8u0Fbu0.sGG6AGaIZac2X_ONFMHsJwVWL6RC1rXjlnlSbYy6yx5VoIxKE7M99TXTaXNOkW4BT5QrPE8jQJkaHOQ1tihi4jaKRkTykRkjJY9ucMFbGSHzMtbUvBJTMBr6FmtyZHu.7u6HEy4Utyv2Krze4aPqaTqg2MFGIEnChpWNCIFi9vXttKkq5cieucjBtVdvSnRzOcFi.o1QDL8eXaymM.OJnJqcS_R99QcenHVcms_eio05GqFYoJ5QUYVjLm.y7BWNDFfqhi9AWAVeD4NpOLmN4S5ImOeIzywOdhcO5EifWHaQt7KzRM3SkKbksLl8V1_4maSEIJ.cPyfOXXO..Iz7TluldK9KW_A.ATSlFC1I8LYZ58cfWKy.17HGa7AjPW9W5EVoTwcgu7OomHm1xLH4_eWdRqMjVLbrtNKk1tI5ExViVTKOWr8MBT9UODmOFbPycgJ5ESagExNv2FsaEK1CZEl8HEfaB85HzlJ.e7Tcl87YeK1V9S4H9QBFucRi9YBQ8jvLmHk_lY2oiMFZuah_2StV1FFlI2B6b.gFX18aDem3gckItnxrx7lg3M0c6.SbaLaLgFyDklvaSDw1CkmoldI81y6ujDCjztxPs7kg1DeHwQiaE.NTSkIqkFJqm7ikHsQZyLYLrYe2LtDr2zN1jYItmXzyGE7cLe8kJ2D1uRCYDQnNl_abTaI9ZmFGKt_jeLfPrSngnnVYDjI9OgkE4WHLRT7tBLL168hbGs8XNZR732Rk5xstoIv_QnI5v8.X2zJKS.Ze2xJKZ4Nwa0GlgfA6mrg4nSESH1vAUeJrYeXVjmEIVyVdsCjoMc7yS2I3UD1JkV69jSjbbUcX26_YynV30cMEf29O6VIEy.RdZIMHsJ.xZB5RPIdAnaMMBgimKIT9.6pyQXR7FPxbHs2EbdtpJaRrKVPgug_Zz5EVyd1VC7X3Rgkv0bapJTB65yUUDSFK_cXUCmtZLuOffWutaV1MSCX0eyUbNCM0sSLpG7I0NU2XyLJqA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135b9d499c9402f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=TWIP&__cf_chl_rt_tk=b6TlwFEQuJMiWnuZAsTbDh2BTtp9hqzRVEBgmdf.fBk-1739794768-1.0.1.1-0tdZadW7PFNz7C4NCXLm5hF7LddZBad.plznaIUt_4w" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>