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Palace of the Popes in Viterbo - Wikipedia

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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacio_Papal_de_Viterbo" title="Palacio Papal de Viterbo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palacio Papal de Viterbo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_des_papes_de_Viterbe" title="Palais des papes de Viterbe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palais des papes de Viterbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Papi_di_Viterbo" title="Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Papi_(Viterbo)" title="Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%B3%B0%E5%8D%9A%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%AE" title="維泰博教宗宮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="維泰博教宗宮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1639175#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.415740°N 12.100968°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">42.415740; 12.100968</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_dei_Papi_(Viterbo)_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Palazzo_dei_Papi_%28Viterbo%29_2022.jpg/260px-Palazzo_dei_Papi_%28Viterbo%29_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Palazzo_dei_Papi_%28Viterbo%29_2022.jpg/390px-Palazzo_dei_Papi_%28Viterbo%29_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Palazzo_dei_Papi_%28Viterbo%29_2022.jpg/520px-Palazzo_dei_Papi_%28Viterbo%29_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9504" data-file-height="6336" /></a><figcaption>The Papal Palace of Viterbo, with the bell tower of the cathedral in the background</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Palazzo dei Papi</b> is a palace in <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, region of <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. It is considered to be one of the most important monuments in the city, situated alongside the <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Viterbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Viterbo">Duomo di Viterbo</a> (Viterbo Cathedral). The <a href="/wiki/Curia_(Roman_Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curia (Roman Catholic Church)">Papal Curia</a> was moved to Viterbo in 1257 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Alexander IV</a>, due to the hostility of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Rome#Rome_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of Rome">Roman commune</a> and constant urban violence: the former bishop's palace of Viterbo was enlarged to provide the Popes with an adequate residence. The construction, commissioned by the <i>Capitano del popolo</i> ("Captain of the People") Raniero Gatti, provided a great audience hall communicating with a loggia raised on a barrel vault above the city street. It was completed probably around 1266. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viterbo,_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi,_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg/220px-Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg/330px-Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg/440px-Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3236" data-file-height="2312" /></a><figcaption>A detail of the Loggia of the Papal Palace of Viterbo.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagno_del_Papa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bagno_del_Papa.jpg/220px-Bagno_del_Papa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bagno_del_Papa.jpg/330px-Bagno_del_Papa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bagno_del_Papa.jpg/440px-Bagno_del_Papa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption><i>Bagno del Papa</i> in Viterbo.</figcaption></figure> <p>The massive façade, facing the central piazza San Lorenzo which is dominated by the Duomo, is approached by a wide staircase completed in 1267. The top of the palace walls is decorated with square <a href="/wiki/Merlon" title="Merlon">merlons</a>. On the right is a wide roofless <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggia</a> with a seven-bay arcade, supported by slender doubled columns and decorated with crests and reliefs. Within the loggia is a 15th-century fountain, made with material of various ages, sporting the coat of arms of the Gatti family. </p><p>Viterbo remained the residence of the papacy for twenty-four years, from 1257 to 1281. After <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Alexander IV</a>, the palace was the residence of <a href="/wiki/Urban_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban IV">Urban IV</a>, then housed the <a href="/wiki/Papal_election_of_1268-1271" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal election of 1268-1271">papal election of 1268-1271</a> which elected <a href="/wiki/Gregory_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory X">Gregory X</a> (the longest papal election in Church history), the residence of <a href="/wiki/John_XXI" class="mw-redirect" title="John XXI">John XXI</a> (who died in the building in 1277 when his study collapsed), and the residence again of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Nicholas III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Martin IV</a>, who moved almost immediately to <a href="/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto">Orvieto</a> in 1281. They were all elected in the most famous hall of the palace, the <i>Sala del <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Conclave</a></i> so called because it was home to the first and longest conclave in history. </p><p>In <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1454</span> Pope <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas V">Nicholas V</a> commissioned building a <a href="/wiki/Bathing" title="Bathing">bath</a> <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, and the construction at the <i>Bagno del Papa</i> was continued on through the reigns of several popes after Nicholas V. The Vatican accounts mention payments "for building done at the bath palace of Viterbo" during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Calixtus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Calixtus III">Calixtus III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_II" title="Pope Paul II">Paul II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixtus IV">Sixtus IV</a>. There also is evidence Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius II">Pius II</a> was responsible for the addition of a western wing to the building.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popes_resident_in_Viterbo">Popes resident in Viterbo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_the_Popes_in_Viterbo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Popes resident in Viterbo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Alexander IV</a>, pope from 1254 to 1261 (stably resident at Viterbo from 1257);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Urban IV</a>, pope from 1261 to 1264 (divided his residence between <a href="/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto">Orvieto</a> and Viterbo);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Clement IV</a>, pope from 1265 to 1268 (resided almost always at Viterbo);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_X" title="Pope Gregory X">Gregory X</a>, pope from 1271 to 1276<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (Gregory X remained in Viterbo little more than a month, between February and March 1272);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_V" title="Pope Innocent V">Innocent V</a>, pope from 21 January to 22 June 1276 (stayed at Viterbo for two weeks, just after his election, and there he met <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_V" title="Pope Adrian V">Adrian V</a>, pope from 11 July 1276 to 18 August 1276 (spent almost the whole of his short pontificate in the convent next to the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Francesco,_Viterbo" title="San Francesco, Viterbo">San Francesco alla Rocca</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXI" title="Pope John XXI">John XXI</a>, pope from 15 September 1276 to 20 May 1277 (resided almost always at Viterbo);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Nicholas III</a>, pope from 1277 to 1280 (divided his residence between Viterbo, Rome and <a href="/wiki/Soriano_nel_Cimino" title="Soriano nel Cimino">Soriano nel Cimino</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Martin IV</a>, elected on 22 February 1281 (abandoned Viterbo immediately after his election).</li></ul> <p>Martin IV, born Simon de Brion, was the last pope of the “Viterbo period”. He was elected after a turbulent conclave which lasted six months. The civic head of the city, Annibaldo Annibaldi, a supporter of the Angevin faction, had interfered in the conclave, preventing the Cardinal Protodeacon, <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Rubeo_Orsini" class="mw-redirect" title="Matteo Rubeo Orsini">Matteo Rubeo Orsini</a>, from taking part and entering the conclave by force of arms to arrest two cardinals. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Martin IV</a> was to issue a decree which ordered the abandonment of <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a> as a papal residence.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From then onwards Viterbo was never again a long-term papal residence. Moreover, given the hostility of the Roman populace to a French pope, Martin chose to be crowned in <a href="/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto">Orvieto</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B_Alexander_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alexander IV"><img alt="Alexander IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/B_Alexander_IV.jpg/113px-B_Alexander_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/B_Alexander_IV.jpg/170px-B_Alexander_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/B_Alexander_IV.jpg/227px-B_Alexander_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alexander IV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Urban_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Urban IV"><img alt="Urban IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pope_Urban_IV.jpg/86px-Pope_Urban_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pope_Urban_IV.jpg/129px-Pope_Urban_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pope_Urban_IV.jpg/172px-Pope_Urban_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Urban IV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papst_Clemens_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clement IV"><img alt="Clement IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Papst_Clemens_IV.jpg/88px-Papst_Clemens_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Papst_Clemens_IV.jpg/132px-Papst_Clemens_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Papst_Clemens_IV.jpg/176px-Papst_Clemens_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clement IV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B_Gregor_X.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gregory X"><img alt="Gregory X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/B_Gregor_X.jpg/84px-B_Gregor_X.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/B_Gregor_X.jpg/126px-B_Gregor_X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/B_Gregor_X.jpg/168px-B_Gregor_X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gregory X</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:InnocenzoV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Innocent V"><img alt="Innocent V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/InnocenzoV.jpg/75px-InnocenzoV.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/InnocenzoV.jpg/113px-InnocenzoV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/InnocenzoV.jpg/150px-InnocenzoV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Innocent V</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadrian_V.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Adrian V"><img alt="Adrian V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hadrian_V.png/70px-Hadrian_V.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hadrian_V.png/105px-Hadrian_V.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hadrian_V.png/140px-Hadrian_V.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adrian V</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A21_GIOVANNI_XXI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John XXI"><img alt="John XXI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/A21_GIOVANNI_XXI.jpg/80px-A21_GIOVANNI_XXI.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/A21_GIOVANNI_XXI.jpg/120px-A21_GIOVANNI_XXI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/A21_GIOVANNI_XXI.jpg/161px-A21_GIOVANNI_XXI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">John XXI</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NicholasIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicholas III"><img alt="Nicholas III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/NicholasIII.jpg/96px-NicholasIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/NicholasIII.jpg/144px-NicholasIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/NicholasIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nicholas III</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B_Martin_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Martin IV"><img alt="Martin IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/B_Martin_IV.jpg/95px-B_Martin_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/B_Martin_IV.jpg/142px-B_Martin_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/B_Martin_IV.jpg/189px-B_Martin_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Martin IV</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_the_Popes_in_Viterbo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mack, 1992, 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Because of a protracted <a href="/wiki/Conclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Conclave">conclave</a> of 33 months in this Palazzo dei Papi, the papacy had long been unoccupied.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Cf. Adriano Bernareggi (dir.), ‘’Enciclopedia ecclesiastica,’’ vol. VI, Vallardi, Milano &amp; Marietti, Torino, 1955, p. 459.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_the_Popes_in_Viterbo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museocolledelduomo.com/">Palazzo dei Papi official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canino.info/inserti/tuscia/luoghi/palazzo_papi_viterbo/">Description and photos</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuscia360.it/scheda.php?l=en&amp;q=viterbo%2Fpalazzo-dei-papi">VR panorama of the Popes' Palace at Tuscia 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