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For the TV series, see <a href="/wiki/Off_the_Air_(TV_series)" title="Off the Air (TV series)">Off the Air (TV series)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Special:EditPage/Dark (broadcasting)">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Talk:Dark (broadcasting)">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dark%22+broadcasting">"Dark" broadcasting</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dark%22+broadcasting+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dark%22+broadcasting&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dark%22+broadcasting+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dark%22+broadcasting">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dark%22+broadcasting&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Talk:Dark (broadcasting)">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a>, a <b>dark</b> <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a> or <b>silent</b> <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio station</a> is one that has gone off the air for an indefinite period of time. Usually unlike <a href="/wiki/Dead_air" title="Dead air">dead air</a> (broadcasting only silence), a station that is dark or silent does not even transmit a <a href="/wiki/Carrier_wave" title="Carrier wave">carrier signal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._law">U.S. law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: U.S. law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transmitter_operations">Transmitter operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Transmitter operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC), a radio or television station is considered to have gone dark or silent if it is to be off the air for thirty days or longer. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Act_of_1996" title="Telecommunications Act of 1996">Telecommunications Act of 1996</a>, a "dark" station was required to surrender its <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">broadcast license</a> to the FCC, leaving it vulnerable to another party applying for it while its current owner was making efforts to get it back on the air. Following the 1996 landmark <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a>, a licensee is no longer required to surrender the license while dark. Instead, the licensee may apply for a "Notification of Suspension of Operations/Request for Silent STA" (FCC Form 0386), stating the reason why the station has gone silent. </p><p>A service can go dark for any number of reasons, including financial resources being too drained to continue effective operation of the service as being of <a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public good (economics)">benefit</a> to its <a href="/wiki/Community_of_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of license">community of license</a>; abandonment for a different channel or to go <a href="/wiki/Cable_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable TV">cable</a>-only; complicated technical adjustments involving <a href="/wiki/Radio_antenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio antenna">radio antenna</a> repair, requiring the <a href="/wiki/Mast_radiator" title="Mast radiator">broadcast tower</a> to be de-energized for the work to be done; <a href="/wiki/Structure_fire" title="Structure fire">structure fire</a> or <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disaster</a> that has rendered the facility inoperable; if unowned by the station, the loss of a leasehold on either the tower or the land for the transmitter, usually by sale to another party; or technical adjustments that would make it prohibitively expensive to perform the work and carry on the normal operations of the station in question. </p><p>The service is not required to notify the FCC of silence if the period of silence is less than ten days.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the period of silence is to last at least ten days but less than thirty days, the licensee must notify the FCC in writing explaining why the service is silent and an expected return to the air. A service that expects to be silent for more than thirty days must apply to the FCC using Form 0386, which can be done electronically (preferred method) or by a paper application. On this application, the date the station has gone dark or its targeted date to go silent must be stated on the application, along with the reason for silence. The Silent STA (<a href="/wiki/Special_temporary_authority" title="Special temporary authority">special temporary authority</a>) is valid for a period of 180 days. If the station is required to remain off the air beyond the 180-day period, a "Request to Extend STA" must be subsequently filed, along with the reason. However, any broadcast station that is dark (or transmits using facilities different from their license except for operation under STA) for 12 months has their license automatically canceled as a matter of law pursuant to section 312g of the Communications Act as amended. Some stations have been known to re-appear for a week or two to keep the license alive. <a href="/wiki/WDHS" title="WDHS">WDHS</a>, a television station in <a href="/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan" title="Iron Mountain, Michigan">Iron Mountain, Michigan</a>, was only on the air a few days a year for most of its 25-year existence, as its small market made running a religious television station (its original purpose) financially infeasible, and it was unable to position itself as a major network affiliate within the <a href="/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan" title="Marquette, Michigan">Marquette</a> television market. It went off the air in 2015 after the FCC's new rules made its operation strategy impossible, and a year after the station's owner died and his heir decided not to put more money into the long moribund operation. </p><p>If a station goes dark due to <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> (as happened with many <a href="/wiki/Equity_Media_Holdings" title="Equity Media Holdings">Equity Media Holdings</a> stations in 2009), there is often a rush for the new owners to get a signal – any signal – on the air at least a few days before the one-year deadline in order to avoid forfeiting the license. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> was problematic for many struggling new-entrant stations, which had to move to lower channels and convert to <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> so that UHF 52-69 TV spectrum could be <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction" title="2016 United States wireless spectrum auction">repacked and sold</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile telephone">mobile telephone</a> companies. A station which was already in financial trouble due to the recession often had no means to construct the new facilities before analog shutdown, forcing the bankrupt proprietor to take the station dark until it could be sold to new owners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tower-light_markings">Tower-light markings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tower-light markings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While a licensed station is silent, it must continue to meet tower lighting and marking requirements as per <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA) <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mandate" class="extiw" title="wikt:mandate">mandate</a>. If a station (silent or otherwise) must shut down its lighting system for an extended period of time (such as it being disabled by a <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> strike), it is required to notify the FAA immediately. The station is required to provide the FAA with its assigned tower number, latitude and longitude coordinates, and an anticipated time that the tower light operations will resume. A licensee has 15 days to make the necessary repairs until the FCC is notified by the FAA. Once repairs are made, the FAA must be notified that all is well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications_Act_of_1996">Telecommunications Act of 1996</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Telecommunications Act of 1996"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Act_of_1996" title="Telecommunications Act of 1996">Telecommunications Act of 1996</a> was created in part to increase the <a href="/wiki/Accountability" title="Accountability">accountability</a> of broadcasters, while providing requested <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a> in response to the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hardship" class="extiw" title="wikt:hardship">hardships</a> of many small-town broadcasters with small audiences and revenues. Under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, licensees of stations that were listed as "silent" by the FCC (at the time around 400) were warned to either power their facilities back up or their licenses would be canceled permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FCC did allow reasonable provision for broadcasters who notified them that they were trying to get back on the air. Nevertheless, many licenses were canceled, primarily those with abandoned facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Sign-on and sign-off">Sign-on and sign-off</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108072241/http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/silent-am-and-fm-broadcast-station-lists">"Silent AM and FM Broadcast Station Lists"</a>. FCC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/silent-am-and-fm-broadcast-station-lists">the original</a> on 2012-01-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silent+AM+and+FM+Broadcast+Station+Lists&rft.pub=FCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcc.gov%2Fencyclopedia%2Fsilent-am-and-fm-broadcast-station-lists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADark+%28broadcasting%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/decdoc/letter/1996--10--17--silent.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929073826/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/decdoc/letter/1996--10--17--silent.html">Archived</a> September 29, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/silent-am-list">"Silent AM Broadcast Stations List"</a> (United States: Federal Communications Commission)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/silent-fm-list">"Silent FM Broadcast Stations List"</a> (United States: Federal Communications Commission)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Template:Federal Communications Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Federal_Communications_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Federal Communications Commission (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federal Communications Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_Communications_Commission504" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Carr_(lawyer)" title="Brendan Carr (lawyer)">Brendan Carr</a> (2017–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Starks" title="Geoffrey Starks">Geoffrey Starks</a> (2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Simington" title="Nathan Simington">Nathan Simington</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_M._Gomez" title="Anna M. Gomez">Anna M. Gomez</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairs_of_the_Federal_Communications_Commission" title="List of chairs of the Federal Communications Commission">Chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O._Sykes" title="Eugene O. Sykes">Eugene O. Sykes</a> (1934–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anning_Smith_Prall" title="Anning Smith Prall">Anning Smith Prall</a> (1935–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._McNinch" title="Frank R. McNinch">Frank R. McNinch</a> (1937–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Fly" title="James Lawrence Fly">James Lawrence Fly</a> (1939–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._K._Jett" title="E. K. Jett">E. K. Jett</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Porter" title="Paul A. Porter">Paul A. Porter</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Denny" title="Charles R. Denny">Charles R. Denny</a> (1946–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Walker_(FCC_chairman)" title="Paul A. Walker (FCC chairman)">Paul A. Walker</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Coy" title="Wayne Coy">Wayne Coy</a> (1947–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Walker_(FCC_chairman)" title="Paul A. Walker (FCC chairman)">Paul A. Walker</a> (1952–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosel_H._Hyde" title="Rosel H. Hyde">Rosel H. Hyde</a> (1953–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McConnaughey" title="George McConnaughey">George McConnaughey</a> (1954–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Doerfer" title="John C. Doerfer">John C. Doerfer</a> (1957–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Ford" title="Frederick W. Ford">Frederick W. Ford</a> (1960–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_N._Minow" title="Newton N. Minow">Newton N. Minow</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._William_Henry" title="E. William Henry">E. William Henry</a> (1963–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosel_H._Hyde" title="Rosel H. Hyde">Rosel H. Hyde</a> (1966–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Burch" title="Dean Burch">Dean Burch</a> (1969–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Wiley" title="Richard E. Wiley">Richard E. Wiley</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Ferris" title="Charles D. Ferris">Charles D. Ferris</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_(FCC)" title="Robert E. Lee (FCC)">Robert Lee</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Fowler" title="Mark S. Fowler">Mark S. Fowler</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_R._Patrick" title="Dennis R. Patrick">Dennis R. Patrick</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_C._Sikes" title="Alfred C. Sikes">Alfred C. Sikes</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Quello" title="James Henry Quello">James Henry Quello</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Hundt" title="Reed Hundt">Reed Hundt</a> (1993–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennard" title="William Kennard">William Kennard</a> (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell_(lobbyist)" title="Michael Powell (lobbyist)">Michael Powell</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Martin_(FCC)" title="Kevin Martin (FCC)">Kevin Martin</a> (2005–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Copps" title="Michael Copps">Michael Copps</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Genachowski" title="Julius Genachowski">Julius Genachowski</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mignon_Clyburn" title="Mignon Clyburn">Mignon Clyburn</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wheeler" title="Tom Wheeler">Tom Wheeler</a> (2013–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pai" title="Ajit Pai">Ajit Pai</a> (2017–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Rosenworcel" title="Jessica Rosenworcel">Jessica Rosenworcel</a> (2021–2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Carr_(lawyer)" title="Brendan Carr (lawyer)">Brendan Carr</a> (2025–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Seal_of_the_Federal_Communications_Commission.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Federal_Communications_Commission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Seal_of_the_Federal_Communications_Commission.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_Federal_Communications_Commission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Seal_of_the_Federal_Communications_Commission.svg/240px-Seal_of_the_Federal_Communications_Commission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory<br />authority<br />(<a href="/wiki/Title_47_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 47 of the United States Code">Title 47 USC</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934" title="Communications Act of 1934">Communications Act of 1934</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brinkley_Act" title="Brinkley Act">Brinkley Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Satellite_Act_of_1962" title="Communications Satellite Act of 1962">Communications Satellite Act of 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Communications_Policy_Act_of_1984" title="Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984">Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Home_Viewer_Act_(US)" title="Satellite Home Viewer Act (US)">Satellite Home Viewer Act</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulations_on_children%27s_television_programming_in_the_United_States" title="Regulations on children's television programming in the United States">Children's Television Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Consumer_Protection_Act_of_1991" title="Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991">Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Television_Consumer_Protection_and_Competition_Act_of_1992" title="Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992">Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Assistance_for_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act">Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Act_of_1996" title="Telecommunications Act of 1996">Telecommunications Act of 1996</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act" title="Communications Decency Act">Communications Decency Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_230" title="Section 230">Section 230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Online_Protection_Act" title="Child Online Protection Act">Child Online Protection Act</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Communications_and_Public_Safety_Act" title="Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act">Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Decency_Enforcement_Act_of_2005" title="Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005">Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Transition_and_Public_Safety_Act_of_2005" title="Digital Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005">Digital Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_Fax_Prevention_Act_of_2005" title="Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005">Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Records_and_Privacy_Protection_Act_of_2006" title="Telephone Records and Privacy Protection Act of 2006">Telephone Records and Privacy Protection Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_Analog_Flash_and_Emergency_Readiness_Act" title="Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act">Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Caller_ID_Act_of_2009" title="Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009">Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Advertisement_Loudness_Mitigation_Act" title="Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation Act">Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation Act</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Community_Radio_Act" title="Local Community Radio Act">Local Community Radio Act</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Television_Extension_and_Localism_Act_of_2010" title="Satellite Television Extension and Localism Act of 2010">Satellite Television Extension and Localism Act of 2010</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulations<br />and policies<br />(<a href="/wiki/Title_47_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 47 CFR</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_47_CFR_Part_15" title="Title 47 CFR Part 15">Title 47 CFR Part 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_47_CFR_Part_68" title="Title 47 CFR Part 68">Title 47 CFR Part 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_47_CFR_Part_97" title="Title 47 CFR Part 97">Title 47 CFR Part 97</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcast<br />licensing<br />and facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Broadcast_Policy_Statement_on_minority_ownership" title="1978 Broadcast Policy Statement on minority ownership">1978 Broadcast Policy Statement on minority ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction" title="2008 United States wireless spectrum auction">2008 United States wireless spectrum auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Terrestrial_Component" title="Ancillary Terrestrial Component">Ancillary Terrestrial Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antenna_structure_registration_in_the_United_States" title="Antenna structure registration in the United States">Antenna structure registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS-3_auction" title="AWS-3 auction">AWS-3 auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_the_United_States" title="Call signs in the United States">Broadcast call signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">Broadcast license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_range" title="Broadcast range">Broadcast range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duopoly_(broadcasting)" title="Duopoly (broadcasting)">Broadcasting duopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_dispute" title="Carriage dispute">Carriage dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_license" title="City of license">City of license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_A_television_service" title="Class A television service">Class A television service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">Clear-channel station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_hearing" title="Comparative hearing">Comparative hearing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dark and silent stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispersal_of_ownership" title="Dispersal of ownership">Dispersal of ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facility_ID" title="Facility ID">Facility ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Non-Duplication_Rule" title="FM Non-Duplication Rule">FM Non-Duplication Rule</a> (1964–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency_coordinator" title="Frequency coordinator">Frequency coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_marketing_agreement" title="Local marketing agreement">Local marketing agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVDDS" title="MVDDS">MVDDS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MVDDS_dispute" title="MVDDS dispute">dispute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_test_authority" title="Program test authority">Program test authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_file" title="Public file">Public file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Amateur_Civil_Emergency_Service" title="Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service">Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_distance" title="Reference distance">Reference distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimshot_(broadcasting)" title="Rimshot (broadcasting)">Rimshot broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Significantly_viewed_out-of-market_television_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Significantly viewed out-of-market television stations in the United States">Significantly viewed signals permitted to be carried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_temporary_authority" title="Special temporary authority">Special temporary authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Radio_Quiet_Zone" title="United States National Radio Quiet Zone">United States National Radio Quiet Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_spaces_(radio)" title="White spaces (radio)">White spaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcasting<br />content and<br />programming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actionable_indecency" title="Actionable indecency">Actionable indecency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_(broadcasting)" title="Watershed (broadcasting)">Broadcasting watershed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Alert_System" title="Emergency Alert System">Emergency Alert System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-time_rule" title="Equal-time rule">Equal-time rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Viewing_Hour" title="Family Viewing Hour">Family Viewing Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairness_doctrine" title="Fairness doctrine">Fairness doctrine</a> (1949–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Interest_and_Syndication_Rules" title="Financial Interest and Syndication Rules">Financial Interest and Syndication Rules</a> (1970–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleeting_expletive" title="Fleeting expletive">Fleeting expletive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government-access_television" title="Government-access television">Government-access television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_doctrine" title="Mayflower doctrine">Mayflower doctrine</a> (1941–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Must-carry" title="Must-carry">Must-carry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational_station" title="Non-commercial educational station">Non-commercial educational station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_attack_rule" title="Personal attack rule">Personal attack rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervasiveness_doctrine" title="Pervasiveness doctrine">Pervasiveness doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_Access_Rule" title="Prime Time Access Rule">Prime Time Access Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public-access_television" title="Public-access television">Public-access television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retransmission_consent" title="Retransmission consent">Retransmission consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_dirty_words" title="Seven dirty words">Seven dirty words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndication_exclusivity" title="Syndication exclusivity">Syndication exclusivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapple_doctrine" title="Zapple doctrine">Zapple doctrine</a> (1970–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Telephone and<br />the Internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carterfone" title="Carterfone">Carterfone decision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carrier" title="Common carrier">Common carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparably_efficient_interconnection" title="Comparably efficient interconnection">Comparably efficient interconnection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_local_exchange_carrier" title="Competitive local exchange carrier">Competitive local exchange carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/911_(emergency_telephone_number)" title="911 (emergency telephone number)">Emergency telephone number</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_911" title="Enhanced 911">Enhanced 911</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCC_Computer_Inquiries" title="FCC Computer Inquiries">FCC Computer Inquiries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Computer_Inquiry" title="Second Computer Inquiry">Second Computer Inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCC_mark" title="FCC mark">FCC mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCC_registration_program" title="FCC registration program">FCC registration program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_group" title="Feature group">Feature group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission_Open_Internet_Order_(2010)" title="Federal Communications Commission Open Internet Order (2010)">FCC Open Internet Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incumbent_local_exchange_carrier" title="Incumbent local exchange carrier">Incumbent local exchange carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeline_(FCC_program)" title="Lifeline (FCC program)">Lifeline program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadband_Plan_(United_States)" title="National Broadband Plan (United States)">National Broadband Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Do_Not_Call_Registry" title="National Do Not Call Registry">National Do Not Call Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Communications_Service" title="Personal Communications Service">Personal Communications Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Basic_Trading_Areas" title="List of Basic Trading Areas">Basic Trading Areas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Service_Priority" title="Telecommunications Service Priority">Telecommunications Service Priority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priority_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Priority level">Priority level</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_element_long_run_incremental_cost" title="Total element long run incremental cost">Total element long run incremental cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_pumping" title="Traffic pumping">Traffic pumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Licensing_System" title="Universal Licensing System">Universal Licensing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Service_Fund" title="Universal Service Fund">Universal Service Fund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-Rate" title="E-Rate">E-Rate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supreme Court</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Sanders_Brothers_Radio_Station" title="FCC v. Sanders Brothers Radio Station">FCC v. Sanders Brothers Radio Station</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Co._v._United_States" title="National Broadcasting Co. v. United States">National Broadcasting Co. v. United States</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Southwestern_Cable_Co." title="United States v. Southwestern Cable Co.">United States v. Southwestern Cable Co.</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Lion_Broadcasting_Co._v._FCC" title="Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC">Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation" title="FCC v. Pacifica Foundation">FCC v. Pacifica Foundation</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CBS,_Inc._v._FCC" title="CBS, Inc. v. FCC">CBS, Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sable_Communications_of_California_v._FCC" title="Sable Communications of California v. FCC">Sable Communications of California v. FCC</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metro_Broadcasting,_Inc._v._FCC" title="Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC">Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System,_Inc._v._FCC" title="Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC">Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications_Inc._v._FCC_(2002)" title="Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC (2002)">Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon_v._Missouri_Municipal_League" title="Nixon v. Missouri Municipal League">Nixon v. Missouri Municipal League</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Cable_%26_Telecommunications_Ass%27n_v._Brand_X_Internet_Services" title="National Cable & Telecommunications Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Services">National Cable & Telecommunications Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Services</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Fox_Television_Stations,_Inc._(2009)" title="FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. (2009)">FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._AT%26T_Inc." title="FCC v. AT&T Inc.">FCC v. AT&T Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Fox_Television_Stations,_Inc._(2012)" title="FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. (2012)">FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Prometheus_Radio_Project" title="FCC v. Prometheus Radio Project">FCC v. Prometheus Radio Project</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />federal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hush-A-Phone_Corp._v._United_States" title="Hush-A-Phone Corp. v. United States">Hush-A-Phone Corp. v. United States</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Relay_League,_Inc._v._FCC_(1980)" title="American Radio Relay League, Inc. v. FCC (1980)">American Radio Relay League, Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schurz_Communications,_Inc._v._FCC" title="Schurz Communications, Inc. v. FCC">Schurz Communications, Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod_v._FCC" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod v. FCC">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod v. FCC</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SBC_Communications,_Inc._v._FCC" title="SBC Communications, Inc. v. FCC">SBC Communications, Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Broadcasting_%26_Communications_Ass%27n_v._FCC" title="Satellite Broadcasting & Communications Ass'n v. FCC">Satellite Broadcasting & Communications Ass'n v. FCC</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Telecom_Association_v._FCC_(2004)" title="United States Telecom Association v. FCC (2004)">United States Telecom Association v. FCC</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Corp._v._FCC" title="Comcast Corp. v. FCC">Comcast Corp. v. FCC</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications_Inc._v._FCC_(2014)" title="Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC (2014)"> Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_v._FCC" title="Tennessee v. FCC">Tennessee v. FCC</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Corp._v._FCC" title="Mozilla Corp. v. FCC">Mozilla Corp. v. FCC</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Radio_Project_v._FCC" title="Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC">Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Research_v._Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Consumers' Research v. Federal Communications Commission">Consumers' Research v. FCC</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agency<br />publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Report_on_Chain_Broadcasting" title="Report on Chain Broadcasting">Report on Chain Broadcasting</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Book_(FCC)" title="Blue Book (FCC)">Blue Book</a> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_Record" title="FCC Record">FCC Record</a></i> (1986–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory<br />committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCC_Network_Study_Committee" title="FCC Network Study Committee">FCC Network Study Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-State_Joint_Conference_on_Advanced_Telecommunications_Services" title="Federal-State Joint Conference on Advanced Telecommunications Services">Federal-State Joint Conference on Advanced Telecommunications Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Council" title="North American Numbering Council">North American Numbering Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_Task_Force" title="Spectrum Task Force">Spectrum Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Advisory_Council" title="Technical Advisory Council">Technical Advisory Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessor<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Commission" title="Interstate Commerce Commission">Interstate Commerce Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mann%E2%80%93Elkins_Act" title="Mann–Elkins Act">Mann–Elkins Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Act_of_1912" title="Radio Act of 1912">Radio Act of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Commitment" title="Kingsbury Commitment">Kingsbury Commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Graham_Act" title="Willis Graham Act">Willis Graham Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Commission" title="Federal Radio Commission">Federal Radio Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Act_of_1927" title="Radio Act of 1927">Radio Act of 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Amendment" title="Davis Amendment">Davis Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Order_32" title="General Order 32">General Order 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Order_40" title="General Order 40">General Order 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island_FCC_Monitoring_Station" title="Grand Island FCC Monitoring Station">Grand Island FCC Monitoring Station</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AllVid" title="AllVid">AllVid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadband.gov" title="Broadband.gov">Broadband.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Broadcasting in the United States">Broadcasting in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="FM broadcasting in the United States">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_in_the_United_States" title="Cable television in the United States">Cable television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">Digital television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">Digital television transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television_in_the_United_States" title="Satellite television in the United States">Satellite television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications in the United States</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/FCC_Song" title="FCC Song">FCC Song</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Bar_Association" title="Federal Communications Bar Association">Federal Communications Bar Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone_in_the_United_States" title="History of the telephone in the United States">History of the telephone in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission_fines_of_The_Howard_Stern_Show" title="Federal Communications Commission fines of The Howard Stern Show"><i>Howard Stern Show</i> fines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">Internet in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_cross-ownership_in_the_United_States" title="Media cross-ownership in the United States">Media cross-ownership in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modem_tax" title="Modem tax">Modem tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Exchange_Carrier_Association" title="National Exchange Carrier Association">National Exchange Carrier Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality_in_the_United_States" title="Net neutrality in the United States">Net neutrality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_spectrum" title="Open spectrum">Open spectrum</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/PTV_(Family_Guy)" title="PTV (Family Guy)">PTV</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-2493" title="RM-2493">RM-2493</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Control_of_Air_Traffic_and_Air_Navigation_Aids" title="Security Control of Air Traffic and Air Navigation Aids">Security Control of Air Traffic and Air Navigation Aids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy" title="Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy">Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Telecommunications policy of the United States">Telecommunications policy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy_in_the_United_States" title="Telegraphy in the United States">Telegraphy in the United States</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Television_and_the_Public_Interest" title="Television and the Public Interest">Television and the Public Interest</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Ship_Act_of_1910" title="Wireless Ship Act of 1910">Wireless Ship Act of 1910</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&oldid=1266725827">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dark_(broadcasting)&oldid=1266725827</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Broadcast_law" title="Category:Broadcast law">Broadcast law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Broadcast_engineering" title="Category:Broadcast engineering">Broadcast 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