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</div> <p>The former State Administration of Surveying and Mapping,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geographical Names Committee<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and former Script Reform Committee<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> have adopted several romanizations for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>, officially known as <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin#For_other_languages" title="Pinyin">Regulation of Phonetic Transcription in Hanyu Pinyin Letters of Place Names in Minority Nationality Languages</a> and Orthography of Chinese Personal Name in Hanyu Pinyin Letters. These systems may be referred to as <b>SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions</b> or <b>SASM/GNC romanizations</b>. </p><p>These romanization systems have been used for foreign translations of Chinese personal names and toponyms since 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All schemes except <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> have a strict form and a broad form, where the broad form is used in general. In the case of pinyin, tone marks are omitted in practice. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Chinese"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Chinese</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Mongolian"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Mongolian</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Scheme"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Scheme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Tibetan"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Tibetan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Uyghur"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Uyghur</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Scheme_2"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Scheme</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Non-SASM/GNC/SRC_transcriptions_and_orthographies_in_China"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions and orthographies in China</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Pinyin-based_or_pinyin-influenced"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pinyin-based or pinyin-influenced</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Non-SASM/GNC/SRC_transcriptions_used_in_China"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions used in China</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Personal_and_place_names_from_languages_without_SASM/GNC/SRC_romanization"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Personal and place names from languages without SASM/GNC/SRC romanization</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Chinese">Chinese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chinese" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></div> <p>Hanyu Pinyin is used for the romanization of Chinese; however, the tone marks are omitted in the broad sense and included in the strict sense. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Mongolian">Mongolian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mongolian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scheme">Scheme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scheme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable + sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Mongolian alphabet">Mongolian</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">extended IPA</a></th> <th>SASM/GNC/SRC (broad)</th> <th>SASM/GNC/SRC (strict) </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span></td> <td>a</td> <td>a </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p˭</span></td> <td>b</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠼ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰ</span></td> <td>c</td> <td>c </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠳ᠊ ᠳ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t˭</span></td> <td>d</td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠡ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span></td> <td>e</td> <td>e </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠹ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">f</span></td> <td>f</td> <td>f </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠭ ᠭ‍</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">k˭</span></td> <td>g</td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬ ᠬ‍</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">x</span></td> <td>h</td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠢ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></td> <td>i</td> <td>i </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠵ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃ˭</span></td> <td>j</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠺ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰ</span></td> <td>k</td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠯ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span></td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span></td> <td>m</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span></td> <td>n</td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠥ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></td> <td>o</td> <td>o </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠫ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ</span></td> <td>p</td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃʰ</span></td> <td>q</td> <td>q </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠷ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r</span></td> <td>r</td> <td>r </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s</span></td> <td>s</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰ</span></td> <td>t</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠦ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span></td> <td>u</td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠸ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span></td> <td>w</td> <td>w </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠱ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃ</span></td> <td>x</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠶ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span></td> <td>y</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠽ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ts˭</span></td> <td>z</td> <td>z </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠣ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span></td> <td>o</td> <td>ô </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠤ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʊ</span></td> <td>u</td> <td>û </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Though Mongolian script is listed within the standard, it is still a <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcription</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Chakhar_Mongolian" title="Chakhar Mongolian">Qahar dialect</a>. For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ</span> is not transcribed as <i>Ûlaganhada hôta</i> but rather <i>Ûlaanhad hôt</i> (strict) or <i>Ulanhad hot</i> (broad). </p><p>Though it is recommended within the standard the strict transcription to use the system when transcribing place names and broad transcription is recommended for general use, <i>strict</i> transcription is rarely used in practice, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> rather than <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohh%C3%B4t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hohhôt (page does not exist)">Hohhôt</a></i>. In certain occasions, the SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Mongolian is even fused with <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a>, such as <i>Huhhot</i> or <i>Huhehot</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples"><span class="anchor" id="MongExamples"></span>Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable + sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a></th> <th><b>SASM/GNC/SRC (strict)</b></th> <th><b>SASM/GNC/SRC (broad)</b></th> <th>Scientific</th> <th>Cyrillic</th> <th>Common transcription of Cyrillic </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ</span></td> <td>Hohhôt</td> <td>Hohhot</td> <td>Kökeqota</td> <td>Хөххот</td> <td>Khökhkhot </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ</span></td> <td>Ûlaanhad hôt</td> <td>Ulanhad hot</td> <td>Ulaɣanqada qota</td> <td>Улаанхад хот</td> <td>Ulaankhad khot </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ</span></td> <td>Ereen hôt</td> <td>Eren hot</td> <td>Eriyen qota</td> <td>Эрээн хот</td> <td>Ereen khot </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;"><span style="color:green;">ᠰ‍</span>‍ᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ</span></td> <td><span style="color:green;">X</span>iliin gôl</td> <td>Xilin gol</td> <td>Sili-yin γoul</td> <td>Шилийн гол</td> <td>Shiliin gol (Shiliyn gol) </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ</span></td> <td>Alxaa</td> <td>Alxa</td> <td>Alaša</td> <td>Алшаа</td> <td>Alshaa </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ</span></td> <td><span style="color:red;">Q</span>ahar</td> <td>Qahar</td> <td>Čaqar</td> <td><span style="color:red;">Ц</span>ахар</td> <td>Tsakhar </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ</span></td> <td><span style="color:red;">Q</span>agaan</td> <td>Qagan</td> <td>Čaɣan</td> <td><span style="color:red;">Ц</span>агаан</td> <td>Tsagaan </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ</span></td> <td>Qingis Haan</td> <td>Qingis Han</td> <td>Činggis Qaɣan</td> <td>Чингис Хаан</td> <td>Chingis Khaan </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ</span></td> <td>H<span style="color:red;">i</span>tdûûd</td> <td>Hitdud</td> <td>Kitad-ud</td> <td>Х<span style="color:red;">я</span>тадууд</td> <td>Khyataduud </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤ</span></td> <td>ag<span style="color:red;">a</span>rûû</td> <td>agaru</td> <td>aɣaru</td> <td>агруу</td> <td>agruu </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ</span> </td> <td>Bûgt </td> <td>Bugt </td> <td rowspan="2">Buɣutu </td> <td rowspan="2">Бу<span style="color:red;">га</span>т </td> <td rowspan="2">Bugat </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bû<span style="color:red;">û</span>t </td> <td>But </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ</span></td> <td>B<span style="color:red;">irag</span></td> <td>Birag</td> <td>Biraɣu</td> <td>Б<span style="color:red;">яруу</span></td> <td>Byaruu </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠠ</span></td> <td>Bar<span style="color:red;">ag</span></td> <td>Barag</td> <td>Barɣu</td> <td>Бар<span style="color:red;">га</span></td> <td>Barga </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ</span></td> <td>Bûriyad</td> <td>Buriad</td> <td rowspan="2">Buriyad</td> <td>Буриад</td> <td>Buriad </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bûryaad </td> <td>Buryad </td> <td>Буряад </td> <td>Buryaad </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ</span></td> <td>Dor<span style="color:red;">b</span>od</td> <td>Dor<span style="color:red;">b</span>od</td> <td>Dörbed</td> <td>Дөр<span style="color:red;">в</span>өд</td> <td>Dör<span style="color:red;">v</span>öd </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ</span></td> <td>Ô<span style="color:red;">ng</span>niûd</td> <td>O<span style="color:red;">ng</span>niud</td> <td>Ongniɣud</td> <td>О<span style="color:red;">н</span>ниуд</td> <td>O<span style="color:red;">n</span>niud </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Characters labeled as <span style="color:red;">red</span> in SASM/GNC/SRC strict and Cyrillic Mongolian are not mutually isomorphic. This may be caused by dialectal difference (Chakhar and Khalkha) or different interpretation of the concept phonetical and phonemical. </i> <i>Characters labeled as <span style="color:green;">green</span> in SASM/GNC/SRC strict and Traditional Mongolian are not mutually equivalent. </i> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Tibetan">Tibetan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tibetan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_pinyin" title="Tibetan pinyin">Tibetan pinyin</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Uyghur">Uyghur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uyghur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">Uyghur New Script</a>.</div> <p>The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization system for the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur language</a> is based on <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">Uyghur New script</a> (commonly known as Yengi Yeziⱪ or <i>Uyghur Pinyin Yëziqi</i>), since at the time it devised Uyghur New script was the official orthography of the Uyghur language in China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scheme_2">Scheme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scheme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>UEY – <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur Arabic script</a> (<b>U</b>yghur <b>E</b>reb <b>Y</b>ëziqi)</li> <li>USY – <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet</a> (<b>U</b>yghur <b>S</b>iril <b>Y</b>ëziqi)</li> <li>ULY – <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Uyghur Latin script</a> (<b>U</b>yghur <b>L</b>atin <b>Y</b>ëziqi)</li> <li>UYY – <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">Uyghur New script</a> (<b>U</b>yghur <b>Y</b>ëngi <b>Y</b>ëziqi)</li> <li>broad – SASM/GNC/SRC broad</li> <li>strict – SASM/GNC/SRC strict</li></ul> <table class="wikitable + sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>UEY</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">ISO 233</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>USY</th> <th>ULY</th> <th>UYY</th> <th>broad</th> <th>strict </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ا, ئا</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span></td> <td>я, a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ب</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b</span></td> <td>б</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">تس</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰ</span></td> <td>(тс)</td> <td>(ts)</td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td>c </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">د</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d</span></td> <td>д</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ې, ئې</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span></td> <td>е</td> <td>ë</td> <td>e</td> <td>e</td> <td>ê </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ف</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">f</span></td> <td>ф</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">گ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span></td> <td>г</td> <td>g</td> <td>g</td> <td>g</td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">خ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">x</span></td> <td>х</td> <td>x</td> <td>h</td> <td>h</td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ئى ,ى</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></td> <td>и</td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td>i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ج</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dʒ</span></td> <td>җ</td> <td>j</td> <td>j</td> <td>j</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ك</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰ</span></td> <td>к</td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ل</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span></td> <td>л</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">م</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span></td> <td>м</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ن</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span></td> <td>н</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">و, ئو</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></td> <td>о</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">پ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ</span></td> <td>п</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">چ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃʰ</span></td> <td>ч</td> <td>ch</td> <td>q</td> <td>q</td> <td>q </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ر</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r</span></td> <td>р</td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">س</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s</span></td> <td>с</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ت</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰ</span></td> <td>т</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ۇ, ئۇ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span></td> <td>ю, у</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ۋ</span></span> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">v</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">в</td> <td rowspan="2">w</td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> <td>v </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span></td> <td>w</td> <td>w</td> <td>w </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ش</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃ</span></td> <td>ш</td> <td>sh</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ي</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span></td> <td>й</td> <td>y</td> <td>y</td> <td>y</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ز</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">z</span></td> <td>з</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">غ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʁ</span></td> <td>ғ</td> <td>gh</td> <td>ƣ</td> <td>g</td> <td>ĝ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ھ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">h</span></td> <td>Һ</td> <td>h</td> <td>ⱨ</td> <td>h</td> <td>ĥ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ق</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">qʰ</span></td> <td>қ</td> <td>q</td> <td>ⱪ</td> <td>k</td> <td>k̂ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ە, ئە</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ</span></td> <td>ə</td> <td>e</td> <td>ə</td> <td>a<br>(e)</td> <td>ä </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ۆ, ئۆ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ø</span></td> <td>ө</td> <td>ö</td> <td>ɵ</td> <td>o</td> <td>ö </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ۈ, ئۈ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">y</span></td> <td>ү</td> <td>ü</td> <td>ü</td> <td>ü</td> <td>ü </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ژ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʒ</span></td> <td>ж</td> <td>zh</td> <td>ⱬ</td> <td>y <small>(Initial)</small><br>j <small>(Coda)</small></td> <td>ŷ <small>(Initial)</small><br>ĵ <small>(Coda)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ڭ</span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span></td> <td>ң</td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Non-SASM/GNC/SRC_transcriptions_and_orthographies_in_China"><span id="Non-SASM.2FGNC.2FSRC_transcriptions_and_orthographies_in_China"></span>Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions and orthographies in China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions and orthographies in China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinyin-based_or_pinyin-influenced">Pinyin-based or pinyin-influenced</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pinyin-based or pinyin-influenced" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Romanizations such as <a href="/wiki/Bb%C3%A1nl%C3%A1m_H%C5%8Dng%27ggi%C3%A1n_P%C3%ACngy%C4%ABm_H%C5%8Dng%C3%A0n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bbánlám Hōng'ggián Pìngyīm Hōngàn">Bbánlám pìngyīm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Guangdong Romanization</a>, in addition with orthographies such as the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang#Writing_systems" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang alphabet</a> (1982) and <a href="/wiki/Yengi_Yezi%E2%B1%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Yengi Yeziⱪ">Yengi Yeziⱪ</a> for Uyghur (<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Pinyin_Y%C3%ABziqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur Pinyin Yëziqi">Uyghur Pinyin Yëziqi</a>) are not SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-SASM/GNC/SRC_transcriptions_used_in_China"><span id="Non-SASM.2FGNC.2FSRC_transcriptions_used_in_China"></span>Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions used in China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions used in China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transliterations may be used in China for scholarly purposes, and are promoted for those circumstances. For example, libraries in China use Wylie transliteration and scientific transcription to transcribe Tibetan and Mongolian book titles respectively within the <a href="/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">library catalog</a>. </p><p>Non-SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_and_Himalayan_Library" title="Tibetan and Himalayan Library">THDL</a>), however, are not rather promoted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_and_place_names_from_languages_without_SASM/GNC/SRC_romanization"><span id="Personal_and_place_names_from_languages_without_SASM.2FGNC.2FSRC_romanization"></span>Personal and place names from languages without SASM/GNC/SRC romanization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal and place names from languages without SASM/GNC/SRC romanization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>For personal and place names from languages without SASM/GNC/SRC romanization, the <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> romanization of its <a href="/wiki/Transcription_into_Chinese_characters" title="Transcription into Chinese characters">transcription into Chinese characters</a> are used. For example, <a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Xishuangbanna">Xishuangbanna</a> is not transcribed as <i>Sipsongpanna</i> or <i>Sibsongbanna</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat language</a>, however, is transcribed from the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Chakhar_Mongolian" title="Chakhar Mongolian">Qahar dialect</a>, since it is considered officially by the PRC government as a dialect of Mongolian. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">国家测绘总局</span>, known as State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">国家测绘局</span></span>) after 1982 and renamed to National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">国家测绘地理信息局</span></span>) in 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">中国地名委员会</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">中国文字改革委员会</span>, renamed to State Language Commission or National Language and Character Working Committee (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">国家语言文字工作委员会</span></span>) in 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">国务院批转《关于改用汉语拼音方案作为我国人名地名罗马字母拼写法的统一规范的报告》</span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china-language.gov.cn/wenziguifan/scanning/gfhbz/gfbz06.htm">Regulation of Phonetic Transcription in Hanyu Pinyin Letters of Place Names in Minority Nationality Languages</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=SASM/GNC_romanization&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <dl><dt>Bureaus</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.sbsm.gov.cn/">National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, formerly State Administration of Surveying and Mapping</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china-language.gov.cn/6/index.htm">National Language and Character Working Committee, formerly Script Reform Committee</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>UN</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_zh.pdf">Chinese – United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_mnc.pdf">Mongolian – United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_bo.pdf">Tibetan – United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_ug.pdf">Uighur – United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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