CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134bb210d459fd4',cH: 'LkZD7gn48k8vZE.kFylkJIXh.luGBzOMh2zPVk.BZUU-1739784335-1.2.1.1-goLa827oR1p21POqxrXX4nJuF2zLVbJp6nMW5SuULyeqW26yW66SOw_YrUnoCPxj',cUPMDTk: "\/10009021\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=lj98wll6Fm3.OAN_W91UItU1P11WtiDvybilmqAgpro-1739784335-1.0.1.1-WnDA23QDVtrk2Kk1nxB8uEex5NcZRrG3hV2HIc3S7j0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784335',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10009021\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=lj98wll6Fm3.OAN_W91UItU1P11WtiDvybilmqAgpro-1739784335-1.0.1.1-WnDA23QDVtrk2Kk1nxB8uEex5NcZRrG3hV2HIc3S7j0",md: "Ydk1z7MhG7af.stcF0JM5VzhkOwbESDkzK7C9R.VzO0-1739784335-1.2.1.1-qAxv1eut8OLVKXQm0gc3etUSj3PYIqYrpGHZ_thGPW2c7V1q8ftTcy4mHFIvbmtcrzWJ7FBPePiDYEkhgriq61dz8ox8BLUnRRX241opT81Iiqo563PFMOff9XZZZOlvMdfHxMMuMaNmSmYyP7BfFQ9_3R_ISpLU9fzHJZBcKQu162Iu4bZI_WjU_zOZzLW4VWtCR0dA7AH7GnqTECYzh24Zv0BESxnui.ZUX_htbRSJYJ7lcIJh8fa0ICbwkAjlrT7BiSwSwwGw6nIdmFwIFrwBNc73Im8DJwzdblkl39jY0hXnvhXh5f7KtYwyJhnjklemQ1KIIbcYdbYwcB6oiqmCSWR4heVJOfSosXqNEIdPso2LQcP4wySBxr82FEq969lUKa6Q38s845L47rJSKjxg.YwZdzjSUKxfcqO0Auhx1.xi27ZNhZJuMLSCS7NsqPJAGjBAUkR0iUrZ4otdFjYLXkUuNy1IS9VhdUUrBPv1WyIw_b5LKbLGEu4Rt594Xk4BW9Rq_7OcoQzJdsgwG_watiH65rS43ebwXRUEAiH9TXrQtdzrb7ndX72c1Se3FYTpQsiVMAP7Bvs19_fC6EiJ4uSLSsfJgujz9RSOcrRX9lZVZn4MHfa_DBxIixEVBSYjtV4rpJpSLu_tbl0rMIBxpaJnn7I15QGP5JgiE0lPZwKNLqvGuE3VjETDOMwSdAPmbXppal6gTUVqZs2l9ZtsVKk.1rj4mN0asgUkli2_HNZu7IqTolpy2ztLoslHHz6W0hPKAFlxNFGgZ3Ca6I9_bCEI32Mbj6hQ.zf1hClQFqJw2CUKM1kZ0awFYfKkjcbkGuWU754E9CJVrv.VbMxI2b2T18xFfnur5ZVtfzj39yS.RRSaSCIBdpBb9FPLyNCJcOdQQaVv0qbhNvojp3xmFDP0LCus2CPDRPr_5LfvsHU9E3u.F6H3r9_xsUL9VVLCAFwZXMeofUTyHF4srIItCbaaS405_aO9w53xtWBytVoKjcIhgJXXdEZlZXo0LRIxaHg3m.tDFb7OvE8lnmvFl7SLAizG.EyaA.jod7k5wQnyGEIUGDjb0Q6A8zmdFZhzbpUTXhm1bpuEqh6pt0eSmiX76RDfH2hg0Ga1U..1ncSlQKMyEmAPfxzuT1G1K9xnWl5E839T7aSoa2lROGqqet5RGYmSp07wnkgQprBoW1j3pP5y7ivMVD9lnkLQQ9JSWHgF7RlsIVPox4pUHy9RePbUJoyvpm6V2Z763_2F0JoBYMFzPcA2Z44JzNdl_aBew5_unTTk6Bir_EEPWkHlkao.Gyy8jS4s.n71k1T_LjWphI5J3vA9g5DwRmC0Z02kdRsSgv_cmt4lKVSETvYu4WyuiJb4neHU2Yzid7XHDyk6taYoY469xbEcs87E9BsUXz.Ht8pOJBVxxMEN.yvo.7lMCCrQcPZ7ItR4N6BEz4cGYtUtkiTwF0S5GxFycOLyVRIrPV2pXtDaXk_IYyE_OClaZ0Gv2oQ7YXhBFDl_m9xMJ_4nrZQjiHOhnnu3rHK4S7m6a0b36IHE.XmmK6tTqroKXOzQjnNl9829FzSVVR7dEDPxG1l8070yyHDoJOawtkx65iKkNYrlYRBgUO4XPExxyztdwAV2HsDeA12.OpN.ztKC5L6.7z3Me5i.izhCxrhqTQGwxWMqzf0UU3GSbCJ1jdQ6Jlmvu.CbbS5oezBm2dTLR.5jVwZMH1dEMS7z3RQtpht2rr7I6V._BdtP4aJ_in14kR5eTISvR7Lvku.LDvAKKL9lob174Dq.eCKfZli59jQ1udHk1quLnYgE4W9Ocqr.xknRgzF_k.__C57SIUgLx6IBd5LqCJVnMh48mXUtuPziaIymBL9yte3VB7dB34tkcrSjnDU7bVY",mdrd: "r1WsVlY.i6WeDa0hv_AD9whaAo5d8XiT725QFJxlh6k-1739784335-1.2.1.1-V0wwoiQh9Yk8Z.2jUo0GakAlZnzV2FKhwtnGiIYXaPWWqRvzhF.kMG.YFwfL0KP1YIQGOZ.onrfuwgHkaslvwSpPKaPbvi1XnjVVeDbk.gfaFIJDo.YgIWCa.UkKRpSz5QhqH1yBMBThcRaf4VuSSkBXO7Kvi93Ly6Yo7ZB1swbpBwPdF4wp03NjL_AU2XViNN4DhGdQGR4B56q7HKpD73XQ9xL049W1uMwEVcVkOYELTdfR8dhglIFq6QQkRAi6r9PoYMRB.bYDsQ.tcSek2st_vtegfur4CapMw79bdMjuCw9_K66J1wH4kev06n_2UDnbRGORVhAyexweF7.0Y6xwDktK2FtouOoGB9kxVVlHNUnQoc5PClNP2sleoYAzrdw2D6VH67Aj.Ji6o3QuBgT99iSIt1dyoaOugxTdNEBG4ome2FhFa2kB3bI8s6GeTB0wqW29oTIpwTeouLUhClNmDjqVDdzjI9QBjN9yigIk8xWndM8U0dHZX8XSWI228OnkxpNiWL4cT.I8hAUxCzRzITyWoj.IjOvgzuGQHGcf9EfTnBd0gXmAa_lhyAoyuLbrNAkoDxsNbhAt6VBODkN2PKsUNxN100ylmqQAG1dd.n4lqTmCM5AK48g1X1SbKjlqc5ar9pZP79ZGs_i4t0OBPINqFTZKDXA3vMtiYiOBLxqv1hpcTXBRXLlVdFlJvRqA9CP_blWIiRVDjD2FgX67p_8.mjQOR58pktlLsgdmsOYN0so9fQe3CdjT4R.Zqg2YCtczWq7ApBKBO5wOar9RAe37kXBAbcezdeFgrXtZK26FZjv3yjP3w_w.ab2F6Qm3RQoaq.sSiHsCm1k4VuwVm6l2BjAVla1XsE4jkSe30X05dTCufj.63YcBzcIP1T_SvcIr3CeFfj.y_0WdLf08KdLZWTEkESkX3LjdDQYcCl59CGUiiJLxsyTQeVBzkqMIN.ULD1pvGlH38CN3SN.ZNICX1ssUe1QxjpFILx8HxWd61FEYeNnBnT9z3y4oVh5bFQP.YJ7P1b9TmTH95s0sh_zhOZUQHX6bEQWAhyHx1CUytBs9s3wRlzVU7QF5FM7JCyVgkWSRFDhkMRUxgQ5W5Bbbn.1ZQmWphKsHB5kUfNPEkWnJQ.oq9SQNV2R9NulbPdXp7cD6.iGdHNbSNtgGDe5ZAD6nopk_nzjnOYX2GZvhnQMshWbpzoXMfuMTT2U27OK3onFGGLlLtTT6Uzx5hs8_ZwpMcfzrANn0xWFrRPTREGnrGF96SonO7K3035M2.GGDgI36tB0IExPEy95MXrzNxAQxoAfVkfh01P91jNgCKQNZ_yW3DruSjEgGDaDCcb8PslEe5pEOPCSEP56fcc8SmXrgofFEAU8h1HVrNNIDDEcMMeTFv4Qfuh5JbEg2.re9Ml2sYpTUUbso4QwkvVK.mcIKPkZNLJyseEoIQIBMRqrso8v4OQui9CZMCcAoOSLSRm3.2uygIcl12zrF14JROf5178.XLAuoyoPDx3U.hiEu3greK6AuyceiuPrAz0MIgX5sg_K5DtL1Zk.HlGZrk8oWvxAzwUPdJlX3oteurEIAgJp6aSan2tHiYyVy1oPMC882kESWfoFqFbtnpazMkqGIUUPjOoZaG6bJSK6VQq0lq8XJvLtOPu4.XJCXQ_x48IposWwxvHL6Vkc3ZJ.FIvB_Ms_NebEusP9eMtYKvUv9mPsaqNLlsUe0v2v0bqlUHYgK2ALttvY5RVwQwv5ZIAq0con1g77yBnzStiXeVrZYkp_Bgxjex1WD4XXjNxH9jqxXOs.1NQOvf0ttdT08SLcPgXjfUDVxBA2ZAqnJgVi1GVsU8l98YUJ_jdahr21So3Wu.2t_ZlKHTgsA4dpDZyMx0UZLWhnWxlg7stLhHD84xEwW_Ruwbkhg0FlH7Na1X52B7RUUuqLOVYGYDkA2Fq46L.5RXgQDLwcBdRgWiASCvxScRqOXZiLn"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134bb210d459fd4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10009021\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=lj98wll6Fm3.OAN_W91UItU1P11WtiDvybilmqAgpro-1739784335-1.0.1.1-WnDA23QDVtrk2Kk1nxB8uEex5NcZRrG3hV2HIc3S7j0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>