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background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Eric Gascoigne Robinson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VCEricGascoigneRobinson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/VCEricGascoigneRobinson.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="277" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="277" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Eric Robinson, VC from Gallaher Cigarette Cards</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1882-05-16</span>)</span>16 May 1882<br /><a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 1965<span style="display:none">(1965-08-20)</span> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1897–1933<br />1939–1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Rear admiral (Royal Navy)">Rear Admiral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HMS_M21" title="HMS M21">HMS <i>M21</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_campaign" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign">Naval operations in the Dardanelles</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">Officer of the Order of the British Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_Despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in Despatches">Mentioned in Despatches</a> (2)<br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nile" title="Order of the Nile">Order of the Nile</a>, Fourth Class (Egypt)<br />Knight, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Anna" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St Anna">Order of St Anna</a> (Russia)<br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure" title="Order of the Sacred Treasure">Order of the Sacred Treasure</a> (Japan)<br />Knight, <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (France)<br /><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918_(France)" title="Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)">Croix de Guerre</a> (France)<br /><a href="/wiki/King_Haakon_VII_Freedom_Cross" title="King Haakon VII Freedom Cross">King Haakon VII Freedom Cross</a> (Norway)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Rear admiral (Royal Navy)">Rear Admiral</a> <b>Eric Gascoigne Robinson</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">OBE</a></span></span> (16 May 1882 – 20 August 1965) was a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> officer and a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>. He earned his award by going ashore and single-handedly destroying a Turkish naval gun battery while a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">lieutenant commander</a> with the fleet stationed off the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli campaign</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. </p><p>After these exploits, he was wounded on the front line on the Gallipoli Peninsula, but recovered and served continuously for the remainder of the war and into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>. In 1939 aged 57, he again volunteered for military service and spent three more years at sea, commanding convoys during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a>. In September 1941 he had to retire on health grounds, but in June 1942 he was well enough to be appointed to the post of Naval Officer in Charge, Dundee. which he held until his final retirement in November 1944. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eric Gascoigne Robinson was born in 1882 at <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, to John Lovell Robinson and Louisa Aveline Gascoigne. John was the chaplain of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College,_Greenwich" title="Royal Naval College, Greenwich">Royal Naval College</a> at Greenwich and Eric's youth was spent in preparation for a life at sea. Robinson was educated at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_School,_Leatherhead" title="St John's School, Leatherhead">St John's School, Leatherhead</a> before joining <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Royal_Naval_College" title="Britannia Royal Naval College">HMS <i>Britannia</i></a> aged fifteen in 1897 and rapidly progressed to the <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Majestic_(1895)" title="HMS Majestic (1895)">HMS <i>Majestic</i></a> and then the first class <a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">protected cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endymion_(1891)" title="HMS Endymion (1891)">HMS <i>Endymion</i></a>, in which he took part in suppressing the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was here, aged 18, that he saw his first action with the relief force, being wounded in action, <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in despatches">mentioned in despatches</a> and gaining a reputation as a daring and resourceful officer.<sup id="cite_ref-P22_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained in China serving on a Yangtze gunboat for several years before returning to England and becoming a torpedo specialist at <a href="/wiki/HMS_Vernon_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Vernon (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Vernon</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, in 1907. </p><p>In 1910, Robinson was promoted to Lieutenant Commander and spent his time between HMS <i>Vernon</i>, the depot ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Thames_(1885)" title="HMS Thames (1885)">HMS <i>Thames</i></a> and the cruisers <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blenheim_(1890)" title="HMS Blenheim (1890)">HMS <i>Blenheim</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Amethyst_(1903)" title="HMS Amethyst (1903)">HMS <i>Amethyst</i></a> on active service. In 1913, he married Edith Gladys Cordeux, with whom he had three children. Robinson was slightly injured in a train accident shortly after his wedding,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but soon recovered and was dispatched to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> at the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> on board the old battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Vengeance_(1899)" title="HMS Vengeance (1899)">HMS <i>Vengeance</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-P22_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallipoli_campaign_and_the_Victoria_Cross">Gallipoli campaign and the Victoria Cross</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gallipoli campaign and the Victoria Cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exploit in his Victoria Cross nomination was the result of Robinson's close friendship and working relationship with another aggressive officer, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Keyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Keyes">Roger Keyes</a>, whom he had first met in China fifteen years before. Keyes was asked by his superior, Admiral <a href="/wiki/John_de_Robeck" title="John de Robeck">John de Robeck</a>, to prepare an assault on the Turkish gun battery at Orkanieh (also known as <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>' Tomb),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a position between <a href="/wiki/Kum_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Kum Kale">Kum Kale</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeni%C5%9Fehir,_%C3%87anakkale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenişehir, Çanakkale (page does not exist)">Yeni Shehr</a> on the southern shore of the Dardanelles.<sup id="cite_ref-P19_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This position had withstood fire from the battleships of the Allied fleet during the <a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign">preceding weeks</a>. Robinson was suggested as the leader of a commando force of sailors and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> tasked with destroying the battery and withdrawing in good order. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Cross_Medal_Ribbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Victoria_Cross_Medal_Ribbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption>The Victoria Cross. Robinson's cross, as a naval recipient prior to 1918, would have had a blue ribbon as shown in the portrait above.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dardanelles_defences_1915.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dardanelles_defences_1915.png/220px-Dardanelles_defences_1915.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dardanelles_defences_1915.png/330px-Dardanelles_defences_1915.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dardanelles_defences_1915.png/440px-Dardanelles_defences_1915.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Turkish defences at the Dardanelles, March 1915. Kum Kale can clearly be seen on the Southern shoreline.</figcaption></figure> <p>Robinson accepted the mission without hesitation. His force landed undetected early in the morning of 26 February, destroyed two small artillery pieces and made fast progress towards the main battery before being pinned down by Turkish snipers in the mid-afternoon. The white naval uniforms of the sailors proved an easy target for the Turks and casualties mounted as Turkish reinforcements were brought up to cut off the raiding party. Instead of withdrawing in the face of this threat, Robinson marched his men through gullies and came out close to a small rise behind the main battery. The open ground of the rise was covered by several Turkish snipers, but realising the importance of removing the artillery overlooking the sea passage, Robinson delegated command of the party to a junior officer and made the climb alone, dodging bullets in his white uniform until he crested the rise unhurt, emerging a few minutes later and starting back apparently unconcerned by the increasingly heavy gunfire directed at him. He was said to be "strolling around ... under heavy rifle fire ... like a sparrow enjoying a bath from a garden hose".<sup id="cite_ref-P20_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battery had been ungarrisoned, and Robinson was able to lay fuses which destroyed the large 9.4" main gun and two anti-aircraft emplacements within the position. Withdrawing in good order, Robinson evaded the Turkish reinforcements and then directed gunfire from the fleet onto their positions, including a force garrisoning an ancient tomb, inflicting heavy casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-P20_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An immediate recommendation for the Victoria Cross was put forward by Admiral de Robeck who had observed proceedings from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_(1913)" title="HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913)">HMS <i>Queen Elizabeth</i></a> offshore. </p><p>During March 1915 the Allied fleet attempted to clear the minefields that were preventing the warships from sailing further into the Dardanelles. Trawlers, crewed by civilians, were used in this role but intense gunfire from Turkish shore based batteries meant that they were ineffective. Under pressure from the Admiralty, <a href="/wiki/Sackville_Carden" title="Sackville Carden">Admiral Carden</a> put <a href="/wiki/Roger_Keyes,_1st_Baron_Keyes" title="Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes">Roger Keyes</a> in charge of minesweeping operations and Keyes again called on Eric Robinson to lead the trawlers, now including naval crews, into the minefields. On one of these sorties, Robinson's minesweeper was struck 84 times by small calibre shells. Despite the bravery shown during these operations the sweepers were unable to clear the lines of mines. The Allies made a final attempt to force the narrows on the <a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_campaign" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign">18th March</a> but this resulted in the sinking of three battleships and serious damage to three more.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E15_mission">E15 mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: E15 mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_E15_wreck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HMS_E15_wreck.jpg/220px-HMS_E15_wreck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HMS_E15_wreck.jpg/330px-HMS_E15_wreck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HMS_E15_wreck.jpg/440px-HMS_E15_wreck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>The wreck of HMS <i>E15</i> photographed after Robinson's action</figcaption></figure><p> Robinson volunteered in April for an even more dangerous mission, following the Turkish capture of submarine <a href="/wiki/HMS_E15" title="HMS E15">HMS <i>E15</i></a> which had stranded below the guns of Fort Dardanus near Kepez Point. All efforts to destroy this craft had so far failed and it was considered vital for naval morale that it was not salvaged by the enemy. Robinson took command of two <a href="/wiki/Picket_boat" title="Picket boat">picket boats</a> from the battleships <a href="/wiki/HMS_Triumph_(1903)" title="HMS Triumph (1903)">HMS <i>Triumph</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Majestic_(1895)" title="HMS Majestic (1895)">HMS <i>Majestic</i></a>, each armed with two torpedoes mounted on the gunwales in dropping gear, and entered the Dardanelles under cover of darkness on 18 April. Caught in a blaze of searchlights, and under heavy fire from the Turkish artillery and machine guns, both boats miraculously arrived unscathed. A carelessly-directed Turkish searchlight briefly illuminated <i>E15</i>. The boat from HMS <i>Majestic</i> under the command of Lt Goodwin seized the opportunity and attacked. The first torpedo missed, and seconds later the boat was struck by a shell that blew away much of her stern, mortally wounding one of her crew and causing her irreparable damage. Undeterred, Goodwin went in again and scored a direct hit with his second torpedo, just forward of the conning tower, wrecking the submarine. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Triumph_picket_boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/HMS_Triumph_picket_boat.jpg/220px-HMS_Triumph_picket_boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/HMS_Triumph_picket_boat.jpg/330px-HMS_Triumph_picket_boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/HMS_Triumph_picket_boat.jpg/440px-HMS_Triumph_picket_boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>HMS <i>Triumph'</i>s picket boat returning to the battleship after the <i>E15</i> expedition.</figcaption></figure> <p>Observing his consort's plight, Robinson did not hesitate, steaming to the stricken vessel and rescuing her crew before escaping downstream to Mudros. It was estimated that the Turks fired at least 500 heavy calibre rounds of ammunition at the two boats in just a few minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-P23_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P23-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A German officer present noted that "I have never on the course of the war seen an attack carried out with such pluck and fearlessness".<sup id="cite_ref-P23_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P23-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been commented that this action should have brought Robinson a second Victoria Cross,<sup id="cite_ref-P22_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Commander#Royal_Navy" title="Commander">Commander</a> by special decree instead.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_war_service">Later war service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later war service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August, Robinson was sent to <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzac Cove">Anzac Cove</a> as a naval liaison officer and on his second day there, was badly wounded near the front line, forcing his evacuation to the UK, where <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King George V</a> presented him with his medal at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>. Returned to the Mediterranean in December 1915 following his recuperation, he took over the coastal <a href="/wiki/Monitor_(warship)" title="Monitor (warship)">monitor</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_M21" title="HMS M21">HMS <i>M21</i></a>, in which he shelled Turkish positions throughout <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and was awarded another mention in despatches and the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nile" title="Order of the Nile">Order of the Nile</a>, 4th Class.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning to England in the summer of 1917, he narrowly missed selection for Keyes's operations against <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a> owing to his war wounds. In late 1918 he commanded the secret DCB Section of the Royal Signals School, Portsmouth which was developing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://British%20unmanned%20aerial%20vehicles%20of%20World%20War%20I">unmanned remote controlled boats</a> (a variant of <a href="/wiki/Coastal_motor_boat" title="Coastal motor boat">Coastal Motor Boats</a>) carrying an explosive payload to destroy enemy ships. The war ended before these could be used in action but in January 1919 Robinson was posted with 12 CMBs to the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> under <a href="/wiki/David_Norris_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="David Norris (Royal Navy officer)">Commodore Norris</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War.</a> His first action was to force the surrender of vessels of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Flotilla_of_the_White_Movement" title="Caspian Flotilla of the White Movement">Centro-Caspian Flotilla</a>, whose loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a> was in doubt. He then converted two requisitioned merchant ships to carry CMBs in order to increase their range of operation. On the 21st May. Robinson was present at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alexandrovsky_Fort" title="Battle of Alexandrovsky Fort">Battle of Alexandrovsky Fort</a> but owing to communication problems his CMBs were not brought into action. Two days later, Norris decided to reconnoitre the fort with two armed merchant ships but ran into two enemy destroyers. Fleeing the superior enemy, Norris radioed Robinson who was close by with one of the CMB carriers, to withdraw to safety. Robinson ignored this order and sailed towards the enemy. The Russian commander spotted the smoke of his ship on the horizon and, fearing that he was being led into a trap, turned and fled. The Bolshevik naval forces later withdrew from Fort Alexandrovsky and Robinson led a squadron of CMBs in an attack on the harbour which resulted in the surrender of the garrison. These achievements would later win him the Imperial Russian <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Anna" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Anna">Order of St. Anne</a>, 2nd Class. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peacetime_and_Second_World_War_service">Peacetime and Second World War service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Peacetime and Second World War service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kipper_Robinson_headstone_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kipper_Robinson_headstone_2.jpg/220px-Kipper_Robinson_headstone_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kipper_Robinson_headstone_2.jpg/330px-Kipper_Robinson_headstone_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kipper_Robinson_headstone_2.jpg/440px-Kipper_Robinson_headstone_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Robinson's headstone, bearing a representation of the VC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Langrish_churchyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St_John%27s_Langrish_churchyard.jpg/220px-St_John%27s_Langrish_churchyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St_John%27s_Langrish_churchyard.jpg/330px-St_John%27s_Langrish_churchyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St_John%27s_Langrish_churchyard.jpg/440px-St_John%27s_Langrish_churchyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption>St John's, Langrish; Robinson's headstone in lower left corner</figcaption></figure><p>Following this period of extended service, Robinson was brought home, appointed <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">Officer of the Order of the British Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the King for his Caspian Sea service, promoted again to captain and posted to <a href="/wiki/HMS_Iron_Duke_(1912)" title="HMS Iron Duke (1912)">HMS <i>Iron Duke</i></a>. Robinson then served in a number of training establishments and dockyards, as well as a brief stint with the <a href="/wiki/Far_East_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Far East Fleet">Far East Fleet</a>, during which he received the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure" title="Order of the Sacred Treasure">Order of the Sacred Treasure, Third Class</a> for his services.<sup id="cite_ref-P24_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P24-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Freemasons" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a> and remained a prominent member of the Navy Lodge for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-MQ9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MQ9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organisation still commemorates him in their publications.<sup id="cite_ref-MQ13_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MQ13-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired at age 51 in 1933 as a rear-admiral, but when the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> broke out, Robinson immediately offered his services and for three years, commanded convoys across the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. A bout of ill-health led to his retirement in September 1941. <br /> </p><p>While awaiting a new posting he learned of the death of his son, Midshipman Edward Cordeaux Robinson, in the sinking of the cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Neptune_(20)" title="HMS Neptune (20)">HMS <i>Neptune</i></a> in December 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From June 1942 to November 1944 he served as Naval Officer in Charge at Dundee. For this service, he was later presented with the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orders_and_medals" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian orders and medals">King Haakon VII's Freedom Cross</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-P24_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P24-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Légion d'honneur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Croix_de_Guerre" title="Croix de Guerre">Croix de Guerre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_death">Retirement and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Retirement and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robinson settled in the village of <a href="/wiki/Langrish" title="Langrish">Langrish</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Petersfield,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Petersfield, Hampshire">Petersfield</a> in east <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>. He died peacefully at Haslar Naval Hospital, <a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a>, on 20 August 1965 and was laid to rest at St John's, the village church he had served for 20 years as warden.<sup id="cite_ref-P24_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P24-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For unknown reasons, his grave was without a headstone until 1998, although a large plaque to him was dedicated by his sister in 1969 and surmounts the altar. Following investigations by the Naval VC Association, his grave was discovered and a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a> headstone erected.<sup id="cite_ref-MQ13_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MQ13-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the dedication ceremony, attended by over 150 friends, relatives, Masons and servicemen, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Derek_Reffell" title="Derek Reffell">Derek Reffell</a> gave the eulogy which stated: "The admiral was a hero, but more importantly he was a naval man from the finest mould. Now at last we can accord him the dignity he deserves."<sup id="cite_ref-P24_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P24-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><i>Admiralty, 21st April, 1915</i> </p><p>Lieutenant-Commander Eric Gascoigne Robinson has been specially promoted to the rank of Commander in His Majesty's Fleet in recognition of the distinguished service rendered by him on the night of the 18th April, 1915, as Commanding Officer of the force which torpedoed and rendered useless Submarine E.15, thus preventing that vessel from falling into the enemy's hands in a serviceable condition, Dated 20th April, 1915. </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>The London Gazette, 23 April 1915<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><i>Admiralty, 16th August, 1915</i> </p><p>The following awards have been made in recognition of services during operations in the vicinity of the Dardanelles prior to 25th–26th April:- </p><p>The King has been graciously pleased to approve of the grant of the Victoria Cross to Lieutenant-Commander (now Commander) Eric Gascoigne Robinson, R.N., for the conspicuous act of bravery specified below. </p><p>Lieutenant-Commander Robinson on the 26th February advanced alone, under heavy fire, into an enemy's gun position, which might well have been occupied, and destroying a four-inch gun,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> returned to his party for another charge with which the second gun was destroyed. Lieutenant-Commander Robinson would not allow members of his demolition party to accompany him as their white uniforms rendered them very conspicuous. Lieutenant-Commander Robinson took part in four attacks on the minefields – always under heavy fire. </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>, 13 August 1915<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson_VC_remembered.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson_VC_remembered.jpg/220px-Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson_VC_remembered.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson_VC_remembered.jpg/330px-Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson_VC_remembered.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson_VC_remembered.jpg/440px-Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson_VC_remembered.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2542" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption>Eric Robinson VC, remembered at 1, Diamond Terrace, Greenwich</figcaption></figure> <p>On 26 February 2015, one hundred years after his VC-winning deed, a commemorative paving stone was laid outside Robinson's former home at 1 Diamond Terrace, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the event Commander Operations, <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Rear admiral (Royal Navy)">Rear Admiral</a> Matthew Parr said he was in awe of Lt Cdr Robinson's "selfless actions" and added: "His courage, determination and fortitude in the face of overwhelming enemy action remain an example to us all; this commemorative stone will serve as a permanent memorial to a remarkable man."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obituary in <i>The Times</i>, 23 August 1965, p.10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P22-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P22_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P22_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P22_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Snelling, p.22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This incident was probably the <a href="/wiki/1913_Ais_Gill_rail_accident" title="1913 Ais Gill rail accident">Ais Gill rail crash</a> in Cumbria on 1 September 1913, which killed 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur, p.218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P19-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-P19_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Snelling, p.19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGazette21846" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/21846/page/410">"No. 21846"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 5 February 1856. pp. 410–411.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+21846&rft.pages=410-411&rft.date=1856-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F21846%2Fpage%2F410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span> <b>Original warrant, Clause Two:</b> <i><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Secondly. It is ordained that the Cross shall be suspended from the left breast by a blue riband for the Navy, and by a red riband for the Army</i></span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P20-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P20_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P20_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Snelling, p.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Nykiel. Minesweeping operations in the Dardanelles (February 25 – March 17), 1915. minesweeping.pdf (navyingallipoli.com)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P23-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P23_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P23_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Snelling, p.23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29140" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29140/page/3946">"No. 29140"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 23 April 1915. p. 3946.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29140&rft.pages=3946&rft.date=1915-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29140%2Fpage%2F3946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29848" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29848/page/11840">"No. 29848"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 5 December 1916. p. 11840.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29848&rft.pages=11840&rft.date=1916-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29848%2Fpage%2F11840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Clayton. Kipper VC Persona Naval Press <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.personanavalpress.co.uk/category/articles-research/kipper-vc/">https://www.personanavalpress.co.uk/category/articles-research/kipper-vc/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31638" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31638/supplement/13744">"No. 31638"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 11 November 1919. p. 13744.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31638&rft.pages=13744&rft.date=1919-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31638%2Fsupplement%2F13744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P24-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P24_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P24_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P24_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P24_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Snelling, p.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MQ9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MQ9_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-9/p-58.php">MQ Magazine, Issue 9, April 2004</a>, <i>Letters, "'Double VC' initiation"</i>, Charles Sprinks, Retrieved 5 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MQ13-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MQ13_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MQ13_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-13/x-01.php">MQ Magazine, Issue 13, April 2005</a>, <i>Letters, "Admiral Robinson VC"</i>, Secretary, Navy Lodge No. 2612, Retrieved 5 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2486939">Midshipman Edward Cordeaux Robinson</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a></i>, Retrieved 18 January 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is probably a typo, later investigations clearly state that the gun was 9.4", not 4".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29264" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29264/supplement/8132">"No. 29264"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 13 August 1915. p. 8132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29264&rft.pages=8132&rft.date=1915-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29264%2Fsupplement%2F8132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811040218/http://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/news/article/446/first_commemorative_paving_stone_for_local_victoria_cross_hero">"First commemorative paving stone for local Victoria Cross hero"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/news/article/446/first_commemorative_paving_stone_for_local_victoria_cross_hero">the original</a> on 11 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+commemorative+paving+stone+for+local+Victoria+Cross+hero&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalgreenwich.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F446%2Ffirst_commemorative_paving_stone_for_local_victoria_cross_hero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navynews.co.uk/archive/news/item/12535">"Naval Gallipoli VC hero honoured in Greenwich – a century after his immortal deed"</a>. <i>Navy News 27 February 2015</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navy+News+27+February+2015&rft.atitle=Naval+Gallipoli+VC+hero+honoured+in+Greenwich+%E2%80%93+a+century+after+his+immortal+deed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavynews.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F12535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Register_of_the_Victoria_Cross" title="The Register of the Victoria Cross">The Register of the Victoria Cross</a></i>. This England Books. 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906324-27-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-906324-27-0"><bdi>0-906324-27-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Register+of+the+Victoria+Cross&rft.pub=This+England+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-906324-27-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur,_Max2004" class="citation book cs1">Arthur, Max (2004). <i>Symbol of Courage, A History of the Victoria Cross</i>. Sidgwick & Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-283-07351-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-283-07351-9"><bdi>0-283-07351-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbol+of+Courage%2C+A+History+of+the+Victoria+Cross&rft.pub=Sidgwick+%26+Jackson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-283-07351-9&rft.au=Arthur%2C+Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Clayton, Carl (2017). <i>Kipper VC: the life and times of Rear Admiral Eric Robinson VC.</i> Published by the author.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey,_David1999" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, David (1999). <i><a href="/wiki/Monuments_to_Courage" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments to Courage">Monuments to Courage</a></i>. Naval & Military Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84342-356-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84342-356-1"><bdi>1-84342-356-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monuments+to+Courage&rft.pub=Naval+%26+Military+Press+Ltd.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-84342-356-1&rft.au=Harvey%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnelling,_Stephen1995" class="citation book cs1">Snelling, Stephen (1995). <i><a href="/wiki/VCs_of_the_First_World_War_-_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="VCs of the First World War - Gallipoli">VCs of the First World War - Gallipoli</a></i>. Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-1395-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-1395-9"><bdi>0-7509-1395-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=VCs+of+the+First+World+War+-+Gallipoli&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7509-1395-9&rft.au=Snelling%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-Snelling_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snelling-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnelling,_Stephen2002" class="citation book cs1">Snelling, Stephen (2002). <i><a href="/wiki/VCs_of_the_First_World_War_-_The_Naval_VCs" class="mw-redirect" title="VCs of the First World War - The Naval VCs">VCs of the First World War - The Naval VCs</a></i>. Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-1395-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-1395-9"><bdi>0-7509-1395-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=VCs+of+the+First+World+War+-+The+Naval+VCs&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7509-1395-9&rft.au=Snelling%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Gascoigne+Robinson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-Snelling_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snelling-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Gascoigne_Robinson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041210053535/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/hampshir.htm">Location of grave and VC medal – The History of the Victoria Cross</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Robinson&GSfn=Eric&GSmn=Gascoigne&GSby=1882&GSbyrel=all&GSdy=1965&GSdyrel=all&GSob=n&GRid=10463497&">Find-A-Grave profile for Eric Gascoigne Robinson</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203192402/http://www.diggerhistory2.info/graveyards/pages/others/brit-vc2.htm#robinson">Short biography at The Graveyards of Gallipoli, www.diggerhistory.info/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.personanavalpress.co.uk/kipper-vc-part-1/">Kipper VC - the life and times of Eric Robinson VC by C Clayton</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh-PFhcPMd8">VC Stone Unveiling Greenwich</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Snelling-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snelling_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snelling_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Both books by Snelling contain the same information as part of different collections.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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