CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-us" dir="ltr"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"/><meta name="generator" content="Gatsby 5.13.3"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="This article describes the KDF algorithms and respective options available in Bitwarden."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="keywords" content="kdf, iterations, pbkdf, pbkdf2, argon, argon2, FIPS"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:site_name" content="Bitwarden"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="KDF Algorithms | Bitwarden Help Center"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="This article describes the KDF algorithms and respective options available in Bitwarden."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="https://res.cloudinary.com/bw-com/image/upload/v1/ctf/7rncvj1f8mw7/3gbpj2ebN39LCjf3BM4eDG/a5b86e7e09f316b6eeb977e016ac913f/help-kdf-algorithms-og.png?_a=DATAdtfiZAA0"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" content="https://bitwarden.com/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:type" content="website"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:locale" content="en_us"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:locale:alternate" content="de_de"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:locale:alternate" content="es_la"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:locale:alternate" content="fr_fr"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:locale:alternate" content="ja_jp"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:locale:alternate" content="nl_nl"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:site" content="@bitwarden"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:domain" content="bitwarden.com"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://bitwarden.com/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:title" content="KDF Algorithms | Bitwarden Help Center"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:description" content="This article describes the KDF algorithms and respective options available in Bitwarden."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://res.cloudinary.com/bw-com/image/upload/v1/ctf/7rncvj1f8mw7/3gbpj2ebN39LCjf3BM4eDG/a5b86e7e09f316b6eeb977e016ac913f/help-kdf-algorithms-og.png?_a=DATAdtfiZAA0"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="language" content="en-us"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="country" content="us"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#175ddc"/><style data-href="/styles.8555aa33e37dcd17c846.css" data-identity="gatsby-global-css">@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:bwi-font;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/static/bwi-font-821cf30b0d046e49e0695c8549f13b15.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/bwi-font-32d9afc445aed7a3d098ef237ebde020.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/bwi-font-36db37b27e72d2c7309bb9710d7ca354.ttf) format("truetype")}[class*=" bwi-"],[class^=bwi-]{speak:never;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-family:bwi-font!important;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:1;text-transform:none}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:DM Sans;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/static/dm-sans-latin-400-italic-a98234da0620cf37e17bf4f6313a2ebb.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/dm-sans-latin-400-italic-fb4e55c7c2cd87671c73ee6ae8302404.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:DM Sans;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/static/dm-sans-latin-400-normal-71edbde4a8ed19eeef941b7a3ad1639d.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/dm-sans-latin-400-normal-3343c4c5e4ff336a48d6cb0a841f4611.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:DM Sans;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(/static/dm-sans-latin-500-normal-82c42c7339eddd68c79dc69dd2332da5.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/dm-sans-latin-500-normal-929fc41fba132f43f06325b76caf3e52.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:DM Sans;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/static/dm-sans-latin-700-normal-6261bc7f59cc2e5f8f293a89e362662f.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/dm-sans-latin-700-normal-3c5fc6e3ff5f9c9b09b4e3e728e052ed.woff) format("woff")} /*! @algolia/autocomplete-theme-classic 1.7.1 | MIT License | © Algolia, Inc. and contributors | https://github.com/algolia/autocomplete */:root{--aa-search-input-height:44px;--aa-input-icon-size:20px;--aa-base-unit:12;--aa-spacing-factor:1;--aa-spacing:calc(var(--aa-base-unit)*var(--aa-spacing-factor)*1px);--aa-spacing-half:calc(var(--aa-spacing)/2);--aa-panel-max-height:650px;--aa-base-z-index:9999;--aa-font-size:calc(var(--aa-base-unit)*1px);--aa-font-family:inherit;--aa-font-weight-medium:500;--aa-font-weight-semibold:600;--aa-font-weight-bold:700;--aa-icon-size:20px;--aa-icon-stroke-width:1;--aa-icon-color-rgb:119,119,163;--aa-icon-color-alpha:1;--aa-action-icon-size:20px;--aa-text-color-rgb:38,38,39;--aa-text-color-alpha:1;--aa-primary-color-rgb:62,52,211;--aa-primary-color-alpha:0.2;--aa-muted-color-rgb:128,126,163;--aa-muted-color-alpha:0.6;--aa-panel-border-color-rgb:128,126,163;--aa-panel-border-color-alpha:0.3;--aa-input-border-color-rgb:128,126,163;--aa-input-border-color-alpha:0.8;--aa-background-color-rgb:255,255,255;--aa-background-color-alpha:1;--aa-input-background-color-rgb:255,255,255;--aa-input-background-color-alpha:1;--aa-selected-color-rgb:179,173,214;--aa-selected-color-alpha:0.205;--aa-description-highlight-background-color-rgb:245,223,77;--aa-description-highlight-background-color-alpha:0.5;--aa-detached-media-query:(max-width:680px);--aa-detached-modal-media-query:(min-width:680px);--aa-detached-modal-max-width:680px;--aa-detached-modal-max-height:500px;--aa-overlay-color-rgb:115,114,129;--aa-overlay-color-alpha:0.4;--aa-panel-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(35,38,59,.1),0 6px 16px -4px rgba(35,38,59,.15);--aa-scrollbar-width:13px;--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-rgb:234,234,234;--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-alpha:1;--aa-scrollbar-thumb-background-color-rgb:var(--aa-background-color-rgb);--aa-scrollbar-thumb-background-color-alpha:1}@media (hover:none) and (pointer:coarse){:root{--aa-spacing-factor:1.2;--aa-action-icon-size:22px}}body.dark,body[data-theme=dark]{--aa-text-color-rgb:183,192,199;--aa-primary-color-rgb:146,138,255;--aa-muted-color-rgb:146,138,255;--aa-input-background-color-rgb:0,3,9;--aa-background-color-rgb:21,24,42;--aa-selected-color-rgb:146,138,255;--aa-selected-color-alpha:0.25;--aa-description-highlight-background-color-rgb:0 255 255;--aa-description-highlight-background-color-alpha:0.25;--aa-icon-color-rgb:119,119,163;--aa-panel-shadow:inset 1px 1px 0 0 #2c2e40,0 3px 8px 0 #000309;--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-rgb:44,46,64;--aa-scrollbar-thumb-background-color-rgb:var(--aa-background-color-rgb)}.aa-Autocomplete *,.aa-DetachedFormContainer *,.aa-Panel *{box-sizing:border-box}.aa-Autocomplete,.aa-DetachedFormContainer,.aa-Panel{color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha));font-family:inherit;font-family:var(--aa-font-family);font-size:16px;font-size:var(--aa-font-size);font-weight:400;line-height:1em;margin:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.aa-Form{align-items:center;background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(var(--aa-input-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-input-background-color-alpha));border:1px solid rgba(128,126,163,.8);border:1px solid rgba(var(--aa-input-border-color-rgb),var(--aa-input-border-color-alpha));border-radius:9999px;display:flex;line-height:1em;margin:0;position:relative;width:100%}.aa-Form[focus-within]{border-color:#3e34d3;border-color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(62,52,211,.2),inset 0 0 0 2px rgba(62,52,211,.2);box-shadow:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),var(--aa-primary-color-alpha)) 0 0 0 2px,inset rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),var(--aa-primary-color-alpha)) 0 0 0 2px;outline:medium none currentColor}.aa-Form:focus-within{border-color:#3e34d3;border-color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(62,52,211,.2),inset 0 0 0 2px rgba(62,52,211,.2);box-shadow:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),var(--aa-primary-color-alpha)) 0 0 0 2px,inset rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),var(--aa-primary-color-alpha)) 0 0 0 2px;outline:medium none currentColor}.aa-InputWrapperPrefix{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;height:44px;height:var(--aa-search-input-height);order:1}.aa-Label,.aa-LoadingIndicator{cursor:auto;flex-shrink:0;height:100%;padding:0;text-align:left}.aa-Label svg,.aa-LoadingIndicator svg{stroke-width:1;stroke-width:var(--aa-icon-stroke-width);color:#3e34d3;color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);height:auto;max-height:20px;max-height:var(--aa-input-icon-size);width:20px;width:var(--aa-input-icon-size)}.aa-LoadingIndicator,.aa-SubmitButton{height:100%;padding-left:11px;padding-left:calc(var(--aa-spacing)*.75 - 1px);padding-right:8px;padding-right:var(--aa-spacing-half);width:47px;width:calc(var(--aa-spacing)*1.75 + var(--aa-icon-size) - 1px)}@media (hover:none) and (pointer:coarse){.aa-LoadingIndicator,.aa-SubmitButton{padding-left:3px;padding-left:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)/2 - 1px);width:39px;width:calc(var(--aa-icon-size) + var(--aa-spacing)*1.25 - 1px)}}.aa-SubmitButton{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;border:0;margin:0}.aa-LoadingIndicator{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center}.aa-LoadingIndicator[hidden]{display:none}.aa-InputWrapper{order:3;position:relative;width:100%}.aa-Input{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;border:0;color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha));font-size:18px;height:44px;height:var(--aa-search-input-height);padding:0;width:100%}.aa-Input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:rgba(128,126,163,.6);color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));opacity:1}.aa-Input::placeholder{color:rgba(128,126,163,.6);color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));opacity:1}.aa-Input:focus{border-color:none;box-shadow:none;outline:none}.aa-Input::-webkit-search-cancel-button,.aa-Input::-webkit-search-decoration,.aa-Input::-webkit-search-results-button,.aa-Input::-webkit-search-results-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none}.aa-InputWrapperSuffix{align-items:center;display:flex;height:44px;height:var(--aa-search-input-height);order:4}.aa-ClearButton{align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:rgba(128,126,163,.6);color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:100%;margin:0;padding:0 12.8333333333px;padding:0 calc(var(--aa-spacing)*.83333 - .5px)}@media (hover:none) and (pointer:coarse){.aa-ClearButton{padding:0 10.1666666667px;padding:0 calc(var(--aa-spacing)*.66667 - .5px)}}.aa-ClearButton:focus,.aa-ClearButton:hover{color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha))}.aa-ClearButton[hidden]{display:none}.aa-ClearButton svg{stroke-width:1;stroke-width:var(--aa-icon-stroke-width);width:20px;width:var(--aa-icon-size)}.aa-Panel{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-background-color-alpha));border-radius:4px;border-radius:calc(var(--aa-spacing)/4);box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(35,38,59,.1),0 6px 16px -4px rgba(35,38,59,.15);box-shadow:var(--aa-panel-shadow);margin:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;transition:opacity .2s ease-in,filter .2s ease-in}@media screen and (prefers-reduced-motion){.aa-Panel{transition:none}}.aa-Panel button{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;border:0;margin:0;padding:0}.aa-PanelLayout{height:100%;margin:0;max-height:650px;max-height:var(--aa-panel-max-height);overflow-y:auto;padding:0;position:relative;text-align:left}.aa-PanelLayoutColumns--twoGolden{display:grid;grid-template-columns:39.2% auto;overflow:hidden;padding:0}.aa-PanelLayoutColumns--two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));overflow:hidden;padding:0}.aa-PanelLayoutColumns--three{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));overflow:hidden;padding:0}.aa-Panel--stalled .aa-Source{filter:grayscale(1);opacity:.8}.aa-Panel--scrollable{margin:0;max-height:650px;max-height:var(--aa-panel-max-height);overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;padding:8px;padding:var(--aa-spacing-half);scrollbar-color:#fff #eaeaea;scrollbar-color:rgba(var(--aa-scrollbar-thumb-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-scrollbar-thumb-background-color-alpha)) rgba(var(--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-alpha));scrollbar-width:thin}.aa-Panel--scrollable::-webkit-scrollbar{width:13px;width:var(--aa-scrollbar-width)}.aa-Panel--scrollable::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background-color:#eaeaea;background-color:rgba(var(--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-alpha))}.aa-Panel--scrollable::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(var(--aa-scrollbar-thumb-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-scrollbar-thumb-background-color-alpha));border-color:#eaeaea;border-color:rgba(var(--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-scrollbar-track-background-color-alpha));border-radius:9999px;border-style:solid;border-width:3px 2px 3px 3px}.aa-Source{margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;width:100%}.aa-Source:empty{display:none}.aa-SourceNoResults{font-size:1em;margin:0;padding:16px;padding:var(--aa-spacing)}.aa-List{list-style:none;margin:0}.aa-List,.aa-SourceHeader{padding:0;position:relative}.aa-SourceHeader{margin:8px .5em 8px 0;margin:var(--aa-spacing-half) .5em var(--aa-spacing-half) 0}.aa-SourceHeader:empty{display:none}.aa-SourceHeaderTitle{background:#fff;background:rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-background-color-alpha));color:#3e34d3;color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);display:inline-block;font-size:.8em;font-weight:600;font-weight:var(--aa-font-weight-semibold);margin:0;padding:0 8px 0 0;padding:0 var(--aa-spacing-half) 0 0;position:relative;z-index:9999;z-index:var(--aa-base-z-index)}.aa-SourceHeaderLine{border-bottom:1px solid #3e34d3;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);display:block;height:2px;left:0;margin:0;opacity:.3;padding:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:8px;top:var(--aa-spacing-half);z-index:9998;z-index:calc(var(--aa-base-z-index) - 1)}.aa-SourceFooterSeeAll{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,rgba(128,126,163,.14));background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-background-color-alpha)),rgba(128,126,163,.14));border:1px solid rgba(128,126,163,.6);border:1px solid rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));border-radius:5px;box-shadow:inset 0 0 2px #fff,0 2px 2px -1px rgba(76,69,88,.15);color:inherit;font-size:.95em;font-weight:500;font-weight:var(--aa-font-weight-medium);padding:.475em 1em .6em;text-decoration:none}.aa-SourceFooterSeeAll:focus,.aa-SourceFooterSeeAll:hover{border:1px solid #3e34d3;border:1px solid rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);color:#3e34d3;color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1)}.aa-Item{align-items:center;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;display:grid;min-height:40px;min-height:calc(var(--aa-spacing)*2.5);padding:4px;padding:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)/2)}.aa-Item[aria-selected=true]{background-color:rgba(179,173,214,.205);background-color:rgba(var(--aa-selected-color-rgb),var(--aa-selected-color-alpha))}.aa-Item[aria-selected=true] .aa-ActiveOnly,.aa-Item[aria-selected=true] .aa-ItemActionButton{visibility:visible}.aa-ItemIcon{stroke-width:1;stroke-width:var(--aa-icon-stroke-width);align-items:center;background:#fff;background:rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-background-color-alpha));border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(128,126,163,.3);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(var(--aa-panel-border-color-rgb),var(--aa-panel-border-color-alpha));color:#7777a3;color:rgba(var(--aa-icon-color-rgb),var(--aa-icon-color-alpha));display:flex;flex-shrink:0;font-size:.7em;height:28px;height:calc(var(--aa-icon-size) + var(--aa-spacing-half));justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;text-align:center;width:28px;width:calc(var(--aa-icon-size) + var(--aa-spacing-half))}.aa-ItemIcon img{height:auto;max-height:20px;max-height:calc(var(--aa-icon-size) + var(--aa-spacing-half) - 8px);max-width:20px;max-width:calc(var(--aa-icon-size) + var(--aa-spacing-half) - 8px);width:auto}.aa-ItemIcon svg{height:20px;height:var(--aa-icon-size);width:20px;width:var(--aa-icon-size)}.aa-ItemIcon--alignTop{align-self:flex-start}.aa-ItemIcon--noBorder{background:none;box-shadow:none}.aa-ItemIcon--picture{height:96px;width:96px}.aa-ItemIcon--picture img{max-height:100%;max-width:100%;padding:8px;padding:var(--aa-spacing-half)}.aa-ItemContent{grid-gap:8px;grid-gap:var(--aa-spacing-half);align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:grid;gap:8px;gap:var(--aa-spacing-half);grid-auto-flow:column;line-height:1.25em;overflow:hidden}.aa-ItemContent:empty{display:none}.aa-ItemContent mark{background:none;color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha));font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-weight:var(--aa-font-weight-bold)}.aa-ItemContent--dual{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;text-align:left}.aa-ItemContent--dual .aa-ItemContentSubtitle,.aa-ItemContent--dual .aa-ItemContentTitle{display:block}.aa-ItemContent--indented{padding-left:36px;padding-left:calc(var(--aa-icon-size) + var(--aa-spacing))}.aa-ItemContentBody{grid-gap:4px;grid-gap:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)/2);display:grid;gap:4px;gap:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)/2)}.aa-ItemContentTitle{display:inline-block;font-size:18px;margin:0 .5em 0 0;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;padding:5px;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.aa-ItemContentSubtitle{font-size:.92em}.aa-ItemContentSubtitleIcon:before{border-color:rgba(128,126,163,.64);border-color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),.64);border-style:solid;content:"";display:inline-block;left:1px;position:relative;top:-3px}.aa-ItemContentSubtitle--inline .aa-ItemContentSubtitleIcon:before{border-width:0 0 1.5px;margin-left:8px;margin-left:var(--aa-spacing-half);margin-right:4px;margin-right:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)/2);width:10px;width:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half) + 2px)}.aa-ItemContentSubtitle--standalone{grid-gap:8px;grid-gap:var(--aa-spacing-half);align-items:center;color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha));display:grid;gap:8px;gap:var(--aa-spacing-half);grid-auto-flow:column;justify-content:start}.aa-ItemContentSubtitle--standalone .aa-ItemContentSubtitleIcon:before{border-radius:0 0 0 3px;border-width:0 0 1.5px 1.5px;height:8px;height:var(--aa-spacing-half);width:8px;width:var(--aa-spacing-half)}.aa-ItemContentSubtitleCategory{color:#807ea3;color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),1);font-weight:500}.aa-ItemContentDescription{color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha));font-size:.85em;max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.aa-ItemContentDescription:empty{display:none}.aa-ItemContentDescription mark{background:rgba(245,223,77,.5);background:rgba(var(--aa-description-highlight-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-description-highlight-background-color-alpha));color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha));font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-weight:var(--aa-font-weight-medium)}.aa-ItemContentDash{color:rgba(128,126,163,.6);color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));display:none;opacity:.4}.aa-ItemContentTag{background-color:rgba(62,52,211,.2);background-color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),var(--aa-primary-color-alpha));border-radius:3px;margin:0 .4em 0 0;padding:.08em .3em}.aa-ItemLink,.aa-ItemWrapper{grid-gap:4px;grid-gap:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)/2);align-items:center;color:inherit;display:grid;gap:4px;gap:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)/2);grid-auto-flow:column;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}.aa-ItemLink{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.aa-ItemActions{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;height:100%;justify-self:end;margin:0 -5.3333333333px;margin:0 calc(var(--aa-spacing)/-3);padding:0 2px 0 0}.aa-ItemActionButton{align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:rgba(128,126,163,.6);color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;padding:0}.aa-ItemActionButton:focus svg,.aa-ItemActionButton:hover svg{color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha))}@media (hover:none) and (pointer:coarse){.aa-ItemActionButton:focus svg,.aa-ItemActionButton:hover svg{color:inherit}}.aa-ItemActionButton svg{stroke-width:1;stroke-width:var(--aa-icon-stroke-width);color:rgba(128,126,163,.6);color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));margin:5.3333333333px;margin:calc(var(--aa-spacing)/3);width:20px;width:var(--aa-action-icon-size)}.aa-ActiveOnly{visibility:hidden}.aa-PanelHeader{align-items:center;background:#3e34d3;background:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);color:#fff;display:grid;height:var(--aa-modal-header-height);margin:0;padding:8px 16px;padding:var(--aa-spacing-half) var(--aa-spacing);position:relative}.aa-PanelHeader:after{background-image:linear-gradient(#fff,hsla(0,0%,100%,0));background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),1),rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),0));bottom:-8px;bottom:calc(var(--aa-spacing-half)*-1);content:"";height:8px;height:var(--aa-spacing-half);left:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0}.aa-PanelFooter,.aa-PanelHeader:after{z-index:9999;z-index:var(--aa-base-z-index)}.aa-PanelFooter{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-background-color-alpha));box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(128,126,163,.3);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(var(--aa-panel-border-color-rgb),var(--aa-panel-border-color-alpha));display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;padding:16px;padding:var(--aa-spacing);position:relative}.aa-PanelFooter:after{background-image:linear-gradient(hsla(0,0%,100%,0),rgba(128,126,163,.6));background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),0),rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha)));content:"";height:16px;height:var(--aa-spacing);left:0;opacity:.12;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;top:-16px;top:calc(var(--aa-spacing)*-1);z-index:9998;z-index:calc(var(--aa-base-z-index) - 1)}.aa-DetachedContainer{background:#fff;background:rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-background-color-alpha));bottom:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(35,38,59,.1),0 6px 16px -4px rgba(35,38,59,.15);box-shadow:var(--aa-panel-shadow);display:flex;flex-direction:column;left:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;z-index:9999;z-index:var(--aa-base-z-index)}.aa-DetachedContainer:after{height:32px}.aa-DetachedContainer .aa-SourceHeader{margin:8px 0 8px 2px;margin:var(--aa-spacing-half) 0 var(--aa-spacing-half) 2px}.aa-DetachedContainer .aa-Panel{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-background-color-alpha));border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;flex-grow:1;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative}.aa-DetachedContainer .aa-PanelLayout{bottom:0;box-shadow:none;left:0;margin:0;max-height:none;overflow-y:auto;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.aa-DetachedFormContainer{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(128,126,163,.3);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(var(--aa-panel-border-color-rgb),var(--aa-panel-border-color-alpha));display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;padding:8px;padding:var(--aa-spacing-half)}.aa-DetachedCancelButton{background:none;border:0;border-radius:3px;color:inherit;color:#262627;color:rgba(var(--aa-text-color-rgb),var(--aa-text-color-alpha));cursor:pointer;font:inherit;margin:0 0 0 8px;margin:0 0 0 var(--aa-spacing-half);padding:0 8px;padding:0 var(--aa-spacing-half)}.aa-DetachedCancelButton:focus,.aa-DetachedCancelButton:hover{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(128,126,163,.3);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(var(--aa-panel-border-color-rgb),var(--aa-panel-border-color-alpha))}.aa-DetachedContainer--modal{border-radius:6px;bottom:inherit;height:auto;margin:0 auto;max-width:680px;max-width:var(--aa-detached-modal-max-width);position:absolute;top:3%}.aa-DetachedContainer--modal .aa-PanelLayout{max-height:500px;max-height:var(--aa-detached-modal-max-height);padding-bottom:8px;padding-bottom:var(--aa-spacing-half);position:static}.aa-DetachedSearchButton{align-items:center;background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(var(--aa-input-background-color-rgb),var(--aa-input-background-color-alpha));border:1px solid rgba(128,126,163,.8);border:1px solid rgba(var(--aa-input-border-color-rgb),var(--aa-input-border-color-alpha));border-radius:3px;color:rgba(128,126,163,.6);color:rgba(var(--aa-muted-color-rgb),var(--aa-muted-color-alpha));cursor:pointer;display:flex;font:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-family:var(--aa-font-family);font-size:16px;font-size:var(--aa-font-size);height:44px;height:var(--aa-search-input-height);margin:0;padding:0 5.5px;padding:0 calc(var(--aa-search-input-height)/8);position:relative;text-align:left;width:100%}.aa-DetachedSearchButton:focus{border-color:#3e34d3;border-color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(62,52,211,.2),inset 0 0 0 2px rgba(62,52,211,.2);box-shadow:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),var(--aa-primary-color-alpha)) 0 0 0 3px,inset rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),var(--aa-primary-color-alpha)) 0 0 0 2px;outline:medium none currentColor}.aa-DetachedSearchButtonIcon{align-items:center;color:#3e34d3;color:rgba(var(--aa-primary-color-rgb),1);cursor:auto;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;width:36px;width:calc(var(--aa-icon-size) + var(--aa-spacing))}.aa-Detached{height:100vh;overflow:hidden}.aa-DetachedOverlay{background-color:hsla(244,6%,48%,.4);background-color:rgba(var(--aa-overlay-color-rgb),var(--aa-overlay-color-alpha));height:100vh;left:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;z-index:9998;z-index:calc(var(--aa-base-z-index) - 1)}.aa-GradientBottom,.aa-GradientTop{height:8px;height:var(--aa-spacing-half);left:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0}.aa-GradientTop{background-image:linear-gradient(#fff,hsla(0,0%,100%,0));background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),1),rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),0));top:0}.aa-GradientBottom{background-image:linear-gradient(hsla(0,0%,100%,0),#fff);background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),0),rgba(var(--aa-background-color-rgb),1));border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:calc(var(--aa-spacing)/4);border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:calc(var(--aa-spacing)/4);bottom:0}@media (hover:none) and (pointer:coarse){.aa-DesktopOnly{display:none}}@media (hover:hover){.aa-TouchOnly{display:none}}[data-rmiz]{position:relative}[data-rmiz-ghost]{pointer-events:none;position:absolute}[data-rmiz-btn-unzoom],[data-rmiz-btn-zoom]{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.7);border:none;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 0 1px hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);color:#fff;height:40px;margin:0;outline-offset:2px;padding:9px;touch-action:manipulation;width:40px}[data-rmiz-btn-zoom]:not(:focus):not(:active){clip:rect(0 0 0 0);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}[data-rmiz-btn-zoom]{cursor:zoom-in;inset:10px 10px auto auto;position:absolute}[data-rmiz-btn-unzoom]{cursor:zoom-out;inset:20px 20px auto auto;position:absolute;z-index:1}[data-rmiz-content=found] [data-zoom],[data-rmiz-content=found] [role=img],[data-rmiz-content=found] img,[data-rmiz-content=found] svg{cursor:zoom-in}[data-rmiz-modal]::-ms-backdrop{display:none}[data-rmiz-modal]::backdrop{display:none}[data-rmiz-modal][open]{background:transparent;border:0;height:100vh;height:100dvh;margin:0;max-height:none;max-width:none;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:fixed;width:100vw;width:100dvw}[data-rmiz-modal-overlay]{inset:0;position:absolute;transition:background-color .3s}[data-rmiz-modal-overlay=hidden]{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,0)}[data-rmiz-modal-overlay=visible]{background-color:#fff}[data-rmiz-modal-content]{height:100%;position:relative;width:100%}[data-rmiz-modal-img]{cursor:zoom-out;image-rendering:high-quality;position:absolute;transform-origin:top left;transition:transform .3s}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){[data-rmiz-modal-img],[data-rmiz-modal-overlay]{transition-duration:.01ms!important}}</style><title data-react-helmet="true">KDF Algorithms | Bitwarden Help Center</title><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://bitwarden.com/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://bitwarden.com/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-us" href="https://bitwarden.com/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ja-jp" href="https://bitwarden.com/ja-jp/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="de-de" href="https://bitwarden.com/de-de/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr-fr" href="https://bitwarden.com/fr-fr/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="es-la" href="https://bitwarden.com/es-la/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="nl-nl" href="https://bitwarden.com/nl-nl/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://bitwarden.com/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ja" href="https://bitwarden.com/ja-jp/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="de" href="https://bitwarden.com/de-de/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr" href="https://bitwarden.com/fr-fr/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="es" href="https://bitwarden.com/es-la/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="nl" href="https://bitwarden.com/nl-nl/help/kdf-algorithms/"/><style>.gatsby-image-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.gatsby-image-wrapper picture.object-fit-polyfill{position:static!important}.gatsby-image-wrapper img{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;margin:0;max-width:none;padding:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;object-fit:cover}.gatsby-image-wrapper [data-main-image]{opacity:0;transform:translateZ(0);transition:opacity .25s linear;will-change:opacity}.gatsby-image-wrapper-constrained{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}</style><noscript><style>.gatsby-image-wrapper noscript [data-main-image]{opacity:1!important}.gatsby-image-wrapper [data-placeholder-image]{opacity:0!important}</style></noscript><script type="module">const e="undefined"!=typeof HTMLImageElement&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype;e&&document.body.addEventListener("load",(function(e){const t=e.target;if(void 0===t.dataset.mainImage)return;if(void 0===t.dataset.gatsbyImageSsr)return;let a=null,n=t;for(;null===a&&n;)void 0!==n.parentNode.dataset.gatsbyImageWrapper&&(a=n.parentNode),n=n.parentNode;const o=a.querySelector("[data-placeholder-image]"),r=new Image;r.src=t.currentSrc,r.decode().catch((()=>{})).then((()=>{t.style.opacity=1,o&&(o.style.opacity=0,o.style.transition="opacity 500ms linear")}))}),!0);</script><link rel="icon" href="/favicon-32x32.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51" type="image/png"/><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.webmanifest" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="48x48" href="/icons/icon-48x48.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/icons/icon-72x72.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="96x96" href="/icons/icon-96x96.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/icons/icon-144x144.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="/icons/icon-192x192.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="256x256" href="/icons/icon-256x256.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="384x384" href="/icons/icon-384x384.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="512x512" href="/icons/icon-512x512.png?v=470f020c101877a6a1c4cc95d7464f51"/><script data-gatsby="web-vitals-polyfill"> !function(){var e,t,n,i,r={passive:!0,capture:!0},a=new Date,o=function(){i=[],t=-1,e=null,f(addEventListener)},c=function(i,r){e||(e=r,t=i,n=new Date,f(removeEventListener),u())},u=function(){if(t>=0&&t<n-a){var r={entryType:"first-input",name:e.type,target:e.target,cancelable:e.cancelable,startTime:e.timeStamp,processingStart:e.timeStamp+t};i.forEach((function(e){e(r)})),i=[]}},s=function(e){if(e.cancelable){var t=(e.timeStamp>1e12?new Date:performance.now())-e.timeStamp;"pointerdown"==e.type?function(e,t){var n=function(){c(e,t),a()},i=function(){a()},a=function(){removeEventListener("pointerup",n,r),removeEventListener("pointercancel",i,r)};addEventListener("pointerup",n,r),addEventListener("pointercancel",i,r)}(t,e):c(t,e)}},f=function(e){["mousedown","keydown","touchstart","pointerdown"].forEach((function(t){return e(t,s,r)}))},p="hidden"===document.visibilityState?0:1/0;addEventListener("visibilitychange",(function e(t){"hidden"===document.visibilityState&&(p=t.timeStamp,removeEventListener("visibilitychange",e,!0))}),!0);o(),self.webVitals={firstInputPolyfill:function(e){i.push(e),u()},resetFirstInputPolyfill:o,get firstHiddenTime(){return p}}}(); </script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"platform":"gatsby"}); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+'';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer', 'GTM-NF32QCS');</script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Bitwarden Blog" href="/blog/feed.xml"/><script src="https://cmp.osano.com/16BZFqRx1MZfx2O4V/779c3da6-bffb-49bb-99b5-7e07b4c65269/osano.js"></script><script id="plausible-script" defer="" data-domain="bitwarden.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.outbound-links.file-downloads.tagged-events.pageview-props.js"></script></head><body><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NF32QCS" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden" aria-hidden="true"></iframe></noscript><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"><style data-emotion="css-global 1lvybaa">*,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box;border-width:0;border-style:solid;border-color:#e6ebef;--tw-border-spacing-x:0;--tw-border-spacing-y:0;--tw-translate-x:0;--tw-translate-y:0;--tw-rotate:0;--tw-skew-x:0;--tw-skew-y:0;--tw-scale-x:1;--tw-scale-y:1;--tw-pan-x:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-pan-y:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-pinch-zoom:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity;--tw-gradient-from-position:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-gradient-via-position:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-gradient-to-position:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-ordinal:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-slashed-zero:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-numeric-figure:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-numeric-spacing:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-numeric-fraction:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-inset:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-color:rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5);--tw-blur:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-brightness:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contrast:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-grayscale:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-hue-rotate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-invert:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-saturate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-sepia:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-drop-shadow:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-blur:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-brightness:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-contrast:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-grayscale:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-invert:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-opacity:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-saturate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-sepia:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-size:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-layout:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-paint:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-style:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);}::before,::after{--tw-content:'';}html,:host{line-height:1.5;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;font-family:ui-sans-serif;font-feature-settings:normal;font-variation-settings:normal;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;}body{margin:0;line-height:inherit;}hr{height:0;color:inherit;border-top-width:1px;}abbr:where([title]){-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}a{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;}b,strong{font-weight:bolder;}code,kbd,samp,pre{font-family:SFMono-Regular,ui-monospace,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,Liberation Mono,Courier New,monospace;font-feature-settings:normal;font-variation-settings:normal;font-size:1em;}small{font-size:80%;}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;}sub{bottom:-0.25em;}sup{top:-0.5em;}table{text-indent:0;border-color:inherit;border-collapse:collapse;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;font-variation-settings:inherit;font-size:100%;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;}button,select{text-transform:none;}button,input:where([type='button']),input:where([type='reset']),input:where([type='submit']){-webkit-appearance:button;background-color:transparent;background-image:none;}:-moz-focusring{outline:auto;}:-moz-ui-invalid{box-shadow:none;}progress{vertical-align:baseline;}::-webkit-inner-spin-button,::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto;}[type='search']{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px;}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit;}summary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}blockquote,dl,dd,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,figure,p,pre{margin:0;}fieldset{margin:0;padding:0;}legend{padding:0;}ol,ul,menu{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}dialog{padding:0;}textarea{resize:vertical;}input::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:1;color:#abb4bd;}input::-moz-placeholder{opacity:1;color:#abb4bd;}input:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:1;color:#abb4bd;}textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:1;color:#abb4bd;}textarea::-moz-placeholder{opacity:1;color:#abb4bd;}textarea:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:1;color:#abb4bd;}input::placeholder,textarea::placeholder{opacity:1;color:#abb4bd;}button,[role="button"]{cursor:pointer;}:disabled{cursor:default;}img,svg,video,canvas,audio,iframe,embed,object{display:block;vertical-align:middle;}img,video{max-width:100%;height:auto;}[hidden]{display:none;}::backdrop{--tw-border-spacing-x:0;--tw-border-spacing-y:0;--tw-translate-x:0;--tw-translate-y:0;--tw-rotate:0;--tw-skew-x:0;--tw-skew-y:0;--tw-scale-x:1;--tw-scale-y:1;--tw-pan-x:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-pan-y:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-pinch-zoom:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity;--tw-gradient-from-position:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-gradient-via-position:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-gradient-to-position:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-ordinal:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-slashed-zero:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-numeric-figure:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-numeric-spacing:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-numeric-fraction:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-inset:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-color:rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5);--tw-blur:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-brightness:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contrast:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-grayscale:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-hue-rotate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-invert:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-saturate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-sepia:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-drop-shadow:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-blur:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-brightness:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-contrast:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-grayscale:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-invert:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-opacity:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-saturate:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-backdrop-sepia:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-size:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-layout:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-paint:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--tw-contain-style:var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);}h1,.h1{font-size:2rem;}@media (min-width: 48rem){h1,.h1{font-size:3.75rem;}h2,.h2{font-size:2.8125rem;}h3,.h3{font-size:2.1875rem;}h4,.h4{font-size:1.875rem;}h5,.h5{font-size:1.75rem;}h6,.h6{font-size:1.5rem;}}h1{font-size:clamp(2rem, calc(2rem + (3.75 - 2) * ((100vw - 23.4375rem) / (92 - 23.4375))), 3.75rem);}h2,.h2{font-size:1.75rem;}h2{font-size:clamp(1.75rem, calc(1.75rem + (2.8125 - 1.75) * ((100vw - 23.4375rem) / (92 - 23.4375))), 2.8125rem);}h3,.h3{font-size:1.5625rem;}h3{font-size:clamp(1.5625rem, calc(1.5625rem + (2.1875 - 1.5625) * ((100vw - 23.4375rem) / (92 - 23.4375))), 2.1875rem);}h4,.h4{font-size:1.375rem;}h4{font-size:clamp(1.375rem, calc(1.375rem + (1.875 - 1.375) * ((100vw - 23.4375rem) / (92 - 23.4375))), 1.875rem);}h5,.h5{font-size:1.25rem;}h5{font-size:clamp(1.25rem, calc(1.25rem + (1.75 - 1.25) * ((100vw - 23.4375rem) / (92 - 23.4375))), 1.75rem);}h6,.h6{font-size:1.125rem;}h6{font-size:clamp(1.125rem, calc(1.125rem + (1.5 - 1.125) * ((100vw - 23.4375rem) / (92 - 23.4375))), 1.5rem);}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 1gap4fc">body{font-family:DM Sans,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}body:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-bottom:1rem;line-height:1.25;}p{margin-bottom:1rem;line-height:1.375;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,div,section{scroll-margin:8rem;}p{margin-bottom:1rem;}a{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));text-decoration-line:none;}a:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(147 157 167 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}p a{text-decoration-line:underline;}ol{list-style-type:decimal;}ul{list-style-type:disc;}ol{list-style-type:decimal;}sup{top:-1rem;}svg{fill:currentColor;}code{word-break:break-all;font-family:SFMono-Regular,ui-monospace,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,Liberation Mono,Courier New,monospace;}.osano-cm-widget{visibility:hidden!important;display:none!important;opacity:0!important;}@media (min-width: 1024px){table,ol,ul,p,button,label,input,select,textarea{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}.card-link-hover-style{position:relative;transition-property:transform;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;}.card-link-hover-style::before{content:var(--tw-content);position:absolute;left:0px;top:0px;z-index:-10;height:100%;width:100%;border-radius:2.25rem;opacity:0;--tw-shadow:var(--tw-shadow-colored);--tw-shadow-colored:0 25px 50px -12px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow);--tw-shadow-color:#000;transition-property:opacity;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:250ms;}@media (min-width: 768px){.card-link-hover-style::before{--tw-content:'';content:var(--tw-content);}.card-link-hover-style:hover{--tw-scale-x:1.02;--tw-scale-y:1.02;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));}.card-link-hover-style:hover::before{content:var(--tw-content);opacity:0.3;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 1o1wj7w">.css-1o1wj7w{height:0px;}</style><div class="css-1o1wj7w"></div><style data-emotion="css 1kr98ab">.css-1kr98ab{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;left:0px;top:0px;z-index:50;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke,opacity,box-shadow,transform,filter,backdrop-filter;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><header class="css-1kr98ab"><style data-emotion="css hjvf1s">.css-hjvf1s{position:relative;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:80rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-hjvf1s{display:none;}}</style><nav class="css-hjvf1s"><a title="Bitwarden homepage" href="/"><style data-emotion="css tefx0f">.css-tefx0f{width:10rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><svg class="css-tefx0f" viewBox="0 0 528 83"><path d="M126.944 19.748c6.047 0 10.751 2.301 14.206 7.095 3.456 4.697 5.184 11.12 5.184 19.268 0 8.437-1.728 14.956-5.279 19.557-3.552 4.698-8.352 6.902-14.399 6.902-6.048 0-10.656-2.108-14.111-6.518h-.96l-1.824 4.505c-.288.671-.96 1.055-1.632 1.055h-7.679a1.72 1.72 0 0 1-1.728-1.726V2.493A1.72 1.72 0 0 1 100.45.767h10.367c.96 0 1.728.767 1.728 1.726v14.763c0 2.109-.192 5.464-.576 10.066h.576c3.167-4.985 8.063-7.574 14.399-7.574Zm-4.416 11.217c-3.36 0-5.952 1.054-7.584 3.163-1.535 2.11-2.399 5.656-2.399 10.45v1.533c0 5.465.768 9.395 2.399 11.696 1.632 2.301 4.224 3.547 7.776 3.547 2.784 0 5.183-1.342 6.815-4.026 1.632-2.589 2.496-6.519 2.496-11.408 0-4.985-.864-8.724-2.496-11.217-1.727-2.492-4.127-3.738-7.007-3.738Zm46.652 40.743h-10.367a1.72 1.72 0 0 1-1.728-1.726V22.53a1.72 1.72 0 0 1 1.728-1.726h10.367c.96 0 1.728.767 1.728 1.726v47.357c.096.863-.768 1.822-1.728 1.822Zm37.918-10.258c2.015 0 4.415-.383 7.295-1.15.768-.192 1.44.383 1.44 1.15v7.957c0 .48-.288.863-.672 1.055-3.264 1.342-7.392 2.013-11.999 2.013-5.568 0-9.599-1.343-12.095-4.218-2.496-2.78-3.84-6.999-3.84-12.559V31.252h-5.472c-.672 0-1.151-.479-1.151-1.15v-4.506c0-.096.096-.192.096-.287l7.583-4.506 3.744-9.97c.192-.48.576-.767 1.056-.767h6.911c.672 0 1.152.48 1.152 1.15V20.9h13.727c.288 0 .576.287.576.575v8.628c0 .671-.48 1.15-1.152 1.15h-13.055v24.35c0 1.918.576 3.451 1.632 4.314.96 1.055 2.496 1.534 4.224 1.534Zm64.603 10.258c-1.344 0-2.4-.863-2.976-2.11L258.55 38.635c-.672-2.205-1.536-5.56-2.688-9.874h-.288l-.96 3.451-2.016 6.519-10.463 30.965c-.384 1.246-1.536 2.013-2.88 2.013-1.344 0-2.496-.863-2.88-2.205l-12.767-44.578c-.384-1.342.672-2.78 2.208-2.78h.288c.96 0 1.824.671 2.112 1.63l7.487 27.13c1.824 7.094 3.072 12.27 3.648 15.722h.288c1.728-7.094 3.072-11.792 3.936-14.188l9.695-28.377c.384-1.15 1.44-1.917 2.784-1.917 1.248 0 2.304.767 2.688 1.917l9.023 28.185c2.208 7.19 3.552 11.791 4.032 14.188h.288c.288-1.917 1.439-7.286 3.647-15.914l7.2-26.746c.288-.959 1.152-1.63 2.112-1.63a2.184 2.184 0 0 1 2.111 2.78L275.06 69.503c-.384 1.342-1.535 2.205-2.975 2.205h-.384Zm57.019 0c-.864 0-1.632-.671-1.728-1.534l-.863-6.327h-.48c-2.496 3.163-4.992 5.464-7.68 6.806-2.592 1.342-5.759 1.917-9.311 1.917-4.896 0-8.639-1.246-11.327-3.738-2.4-2.205-3.744-5.177-3.936-8.916-.384-4.985 1.728-9.778 5.76-12.558 4.127-2.684 9.887-4.314 17.662-4.314l9.408-.288v-3.26c0-4.793-.96-8.244-2.976-10.64-2.016-2.397-4.992-3.547-9.216-3.547-4.031 0-8.063.958-12.287 2.971a2.11 2.11 0 0 1-2.783-1.054c-.48-1.055 0-2.3 1.055-2.684 4.8-1.918 9.504-2.972 14.303-2.972 5.472 0 9.504 1.438 12.287 4.314 2.688 2.78 4.032 7.286 4.032 13.133v31.157c-.096.575-.96 1.534-1.92 1.534Zm-19.87-3.26c5.375 0 9.503-1.534 12.479-4.505 3.072-2.972 4.608-7.286 4.608-12.559v-4.793l-8.64.383c-7.007.288-11.903 1.438-14.975 3.26-2.975 1.821-4.511 4.793-4.511 8.628 0 3.067.96 5.56 2.783 7.285 2.112 1.438 4.8 2.301 8.256 2.301Zm56.828-47.262c1.439 0 2.879.096 4.511.288a2.164 2.164 0 0 1 1.824 2.492c-.192 1.15-1.344 1.822-2.496 1.63-1.44-.192-2.88-.383-4.319-.383-4.224 0-7.68 1.821-10.368 5.368-2.687 3.547-4.031 8.149-4.031 13.517v25.117c0 1.246-.96 2.205-2.208 2.205-1.248 0-2.208-.959-2.208-2.205V24.158c0-1.054.864-1.917 1.92-1.917s1.92.767 1.92 1.821l.384 7.094h.288c2.016-3.642 4.223-6.23 6.527-7.669 2.208-1.534 4.992-2.3 8.256-2.3Zm33.789 0c3.552 0 6.72.671 9.311 1.918 2.688 1.246 4.992 3.547 7.008 6.71h.288c-.192-3.93-.288-7.573-.288-11.216V2.972c0-1.246.96-2.205 2.208-2.205 1.248 0 2.207.959 2.207 2.205v67.01c0 .863-.672 1.534-1.535 1.534-.768 0-1.44-.575-1.536-1.438l-.96-6.231h-.384c-3.744 5.656-9.216 8.436-16.223 8.436-6.911 0-11.999-2.11-15.743-6.423-3.552-4.314-5.471-10.45-5.471-18.598 0-8.532 1.727-15.051 5.375-19.653 3.648-4.122 8.832-6.423 15.743-6.423Zm0 4.123c-5.472 0-9.503 1.917-12.287 5.752-2.688 3.738-4.032 9.203-4.032 16.489 0 13.996 5.472 20.994 16.415 20.994 5.664 0 9.695-1.63 12.287-4.889 2.688-3.26 3.936-8.628 3.936-16.105v-.767c0-7.67-1.248-13.134-3.936-16.393-2.496-3.452-6.623-5.081-12.383-5.081Zm57.5 47.261c-7.2 0-12.767-2.204-16.895-6.71-4.032-4.41-6.048-10.641-6.048-18.598 0-7.957 1.92-14.284 5.856-18.982 3.936-4.793 9.119-7.19 15.743-7.19 5.759 0 10.463 2.014 13.727 6.04 3.456 4.026 5.087 9.587 5.087 16.585v3.643h-35.709c.096 6.806 1.632 11.983 4.8 15.626 3.167 3.643 7.583 5.273 13.439 5.273 2.783 0 5.375-.192 7.487-.576 1.536-.287 3.36-.767 5.568-1.534 1.248-.479 2.591.48 2.591 1.822 0 .767-.479 1.534-1.247 1.821-2.304.96-4.512 1.534-6.528 1.918-2.4.67-4.992.862-7.871.862Zm-1.344-47.357c-4.8 0-8.64 1.534-11.519 4.697-2.88 3.068-4.512 7.67-5.088 13.517h30.718c0-5.656-1.248-10.257-3.744-13.42-2.496-3.165-5.952-4.794-10.367-4.794Zm69.499 46.495c-1.248 0-2.208-.959-2.208-2.205V39.497c0-4.985-1.056-8.628-3.072-10.833-2.208-2.205-5.376-3.451-9.791-3.451-5.952 0-10.272 1.438-12.959 4.505-2.688 2.972-4.224 7.862-4.224 14.476v25.117c0 1.246-.96 2.205-2.208 2.205-1.248 0-2.208-.959-2.208-2.205V24.158c0-1.15.864-2.013 2.016-2.013 1.056 0 1.824.767 2.016 1.726l.576 4.985h.288c3.264-5.177 8.927-7.766 17.183-7.766 11.231 0 16.894 6.04 16.894 18.12V69.31c-.096 1.342-1.152 2.397-2.303 2.397ZM164.093 0c-4.512 0-8.16 3.451-8.16 7.765v.767c0 4.218 3.744 7.765 8.16 7.765 4.415 0 8.159-3.547 8.159-7.765v-.671c0-4.41-3.744-7.861-8.159-7.861ZM58.273 45.248V10.969H34.278v60.898c4.25-2.25 8.052-4.696 11.409-7.338 8.39-6.57 12.586-12.997 12.586-19.281ZM68.557 4.114v41.134c0 3.07-.598 6.114-1.795 9.132-1.196 3.017-2.678 5.695-4.445 8.034-1.767 2.338-3.874 4.615-6.32 6.829-2.446 2.213-4.704 4.052-6.775 5.516a85.29 85.29 0 0 1-6.481 4.151c-2.25 1.303-3.848 2.187-4.794 2.651a60.55 60.55 0 0 1-2.276 1.071 3.07 3.07 0 0 1-1.393.322c-.5 0-.964-.107-1.392-.322a60.55 60.55 0 0 1-2.277-1.07c-.946-.465-2.544-1.349-4.793-2.652a85.29 85.29 0 0 1-6.48-4.15c-2.072-1.465-4.33-3.304-6.776-5.517-2.446-2.214-4.553-4.49-6.32-6.83-1.768-2.338-3.25-5.016-4.446-8.033C.598 51.362 0 48.318 0 45.248V4.114c0-.929.34-1.732 1.018-2.41.678-.679 1.481-1.018 2.41-1.018h61.7c.93 0 1.733.339 2.411 1.017.678.679 1.018 1.482 1.018 2.41Z"></path></svg></a><style data-emotion="css a0377c">.css-a0377c{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;}</style><div class="css-a0377c"><style data-emotion="css 18ykxoy">.css-18ykxoy{height:2.5rem;width:2.5rem;padding:0.25rem;}.css-18ykxoy:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-18ykxoy{height:3rem;width:3rem;padding:0.75rem;}}.css-18ykxoy:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(44 221 233 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><button type="button" class="css-18ykxoy"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M31.034 24.9l-5.644-5.66c-0.282-0.273-0.481-0.621-0.573-1.002s-0.076-0.782 0.049-1.154c0.847-2.408 0.954-5.013 0.309-7.483s-2.014-4.689-3.93-6.375-4.293-2.76-6.824-3.085c-2.531-0.325-5.102 0.114-7.382 1.261s-4.165 2.949-5.413 5.175c-1.248 2.226-1.802 4.775-1.591 7.318s1.178 4.966 2.775 6.956c1.598 1.99 3.754 3.457 6.192 4.212 2.682 0.836 5.565 0.762 8.2-0.212 0.373-0.129 0.776-0.149 1.16-0.056s0.734 0.292 1.008 0.576l5.6 5.622c0.307 0.307 0.671 0.55 1.071 0.716s0.83 0.252 1.264 0.252c0.434 0 0.863-0.085 1.264-0.252s0.765-0.41 1.071-0.716l1.4-1.4c0.62-0.621 0.968-1.463 0.968-2.341s-0.348-1.72-0.968-2.341l-0.006-0.012zM2.522 15.698c-0.511-1.829-0.528-3.761-0.047-5.599s1.441-3.514 2.782-4.859c1.341-1.345 3.016-2.309 4.852-2.794s3.769-0.474 5.599 0.033c1.769 0.484 3.381 1.421 4.677 2.719s2.23 2.911 2.711 4.681c0.511 1.829 0.528 3.761 0.047 5.599s-1.441 3.514-2.782 4.859c-1.341 1.345-3.016 2.309-4.852 2.794s-3.769 0.474-5.599-0.033c-1.769-0.484-3.381-1.421-4.677-2.719s-2.23-2.911-2.711-4.681zM29.522 28.068l-1.4 1.4c-0.108 0.109-0.236 0.195-0.378 0.254s-0.294 0.089-0.447 0.089c-0.153 0-0.305-0.030-0.447-0.089s-0.27-0.145-0.378-0.254l-5.548-5.562c-0.084-0.086-0.15-0.189-0.192-0.302s-0.060-0.233-0.052-0.354c0.007-0.12 0.040-0.238 0.096-0.345s0.134-0.201 0.228-0.276c0.613-0.514 1.177-1.084 1.684-1.702 0.074-0.095 0.168-0.174 0.275-0.231s0.224-0.090 0.345-0.098c0.121-0.008 0.242 0.009 0.355 0.051s0.217 0.107 0.303 0.192l5.556 5.568c0.218 0.221 0.34 0.518 0.34 0.828s-0.122 0.608-0.34 0.828v0.002z"></path></svg></button><style data-emotion="css f2j4qe">.css-f2j4qe{height:2.25rem;width:2.25rem;border-radius:0.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><button title="Main navigation" type="button" class="css-f2j4qe"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M3.893 10.158c7.821 0 16.072 0 24.211 0 0.076 0.004 0.153-0.007 0.224-0.034s0.137-0.068 0.192-0.121c0.055-0.053 0.1-0.117 0.13-0.188s0.046-0.147 0.046-0.224-0.016-0.154-0.046-0.224c-0.030-0.071-0.074-0.134-0.13-0.188s-0.121-0.094-0.192-0.121c-0.071-0.026-0.148-0.038-0.224-0.034-8.398 0-16.677 0-24.211 0-0.076-0.004-0.153 0.007-0.224 0.034s-0.137 0.068-0.192 0.121c-0.055 0.053-0.1 0.117-0.13 0.188s-0.046 0.147-0.046 0.224 0.016 0.154 0.046 0.224c0.030 0.070 0.074 0.134 0.13 0.188s0.121 0.094 0.192 0.121 0.148 0.038 0.224 0.034zM28.107 15.388c-7.994 0-15.879 0-24.213 0-0.076-0.004-0.153 0.007-0.224 0.034s-0.137 0.068-0.192 0.121c-0.055 0.053-0.1 0.117-0.13 0.188s-0.046 0.147-0.046 0.224 0.016 0.154 0.046 0.224c0.030 0.070 0.074 0.134 0.13 0.188s0.121 0.094 0.192 0.121 0.148 0.038 0.224 0.034c8.353 0 16.318 0 24.213 0 0.076 0.004 0.153-0.007 0.224-0.034s0.137-0.068 0.192-0.121c0.055-0.053 0.1-0.117 0.13-0.188s0.046-0.147 0.046-0.224-0.016-0.154-0.046-0.224c-0.030-0.071-0.074-0.134-0.13-0.188s-0.121-0.094-0.192-0.121-0.148-0.038-0.224-0.034zM28.111 21.841c-8.748-0.057-15.799-0.105-24.215-0.16-0.149 0-0.292 0.060-0.398 0.166s-0.165 0.251-0.165 0.402 0.059 0.295 0.165 0.402c0.105 0.106 0.249 0.166 0.398 0.166 8.563 0.056 15.49 0.102 24.215 0.16 0.149 0 0.292-0.060 0.398-0.166s0.165-0.251 0.165-0.402c0-0.15-0.059-0.295-0.165-0.402s-0.249-0.166-0.398-0.166z"></path></svg></button></div><style data-emotion="css 1jlqkkp">.css-1jlqkkp{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><style data-emotion="css lx7w0r">.css-lx7w0r{position:fixed;bottom:0px;top:0px;z-index:20;height:100%;max-width:100%;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;overflow:auto;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-bottom:3rem;top:var(--nav-container-drawer-offset);height:-nav-container-drawer-height;left:auto;right:0px;--tw-translate-x:100%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));width:20rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><div class="css-lx7w0r" style="--nav-container-drawer-offset:0px;--nav-container-drawer-height:calc(100vh - 0px);will-change:transform;transform:translateX(100%)"><style data-emotion="css 3xw4st">.css-3xw4st{list-style-type:none;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1ax9ngz">.css-1ax9ngz{list-style-type:none;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}</style><ul class="css-1ax9ngz"><style data-emotion="css isgvpc">.css-isgvpc{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;}</style><li class="css-isgvpc" style="will-change:opacity,transform"><style data-emotion="css 6vinbm">.css-6vinbm{margin-left:0.75rem;margin-right:0.75rem;height:2.25rem;width:2.25rem;padding:0.5rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><button title="Close main navigation" type="button" class="css-6vinbm"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M31.769 30.292l-13.642-13.658c-0.187-0.188-0.293-0.442-0.293-0.707s0.105-0.519 0.293-0.707l13.474-13.498c0.182-0.189 0.283-0.441 0.281-0.703s-0.108-0.513-0.293-0.698-0.436-0.291-0.698-0.293c-0.262-0.002-0.515 0.099-0.703 0.281l-13.476 13.492c-0.187 0.187-0.442 0.293-0.707 0.293s-0.519-0.105-0.707-0.293l-13.518-13.506c-0.092-0.096-0.203-0.172-0.325-0.224s-0.253-0.080-0.386-0.081c-0.133-0.001-0.264 0.024-0.387 0.074s-0.235 0.125-0.328 0.218c-0.094 0.094-0.168 0.206-0.218 0.328s-0.076 0.255-0.074 0.387c0.001 0.133 0.029 0.264 0.081 0.386s0.129 0.232 0.224 0.325l13.518 13.512c0.187 0.188 0.293 0.442 0.293 0.707s-0.105 0.519-0.293 0.707l-13.664 13.658c-0.093 0.093-0.166 0.203-0.217 0.325s-0.076 0.252-0.076 0.383c0 0.265 0.106 0.52 0.294 0.707s0.442 0.293 0.708 0.293c0.265-0 0.52-0.106 0.707-0.294l13.662-13.658c0.188-0.187 0.442-0.293 0.707-0.293s0.52 0.105 0.707 0.293l13.644 13.658c0.092 0.096 0.203 0.172 0.325 0.224s0.253 0.080 0.386 0.081 0.265-0.024 0.387-0.074c0.123-0.050 0.235-0.125 0.328-0.218s0.168-0.206 0.218-0.328c0.050-0.123 0.076-0.255 0.075-0.387s-0.029-0.264-0.081-0.386-0.129-0.232-0.224-0.325v0z"></path></svg></button></li><li style="will-change:opacity,transform"><style data-emotion="css z98ri5">.css-z98ri5{display:block;width:100%;padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;text-align:right;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a href="https://vault.bitwarden.com/#/login" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-z98ri5">Log In</a></li><li style="will-change:opacity,transform"><a class="mntn css-z98ri5" href="/go/start-free/">Get started</a></li><li style="will-change:opacity,transform"><a class="css-z98ri5" href="/contact-sales/">Business sales</a></li></ul></div></nav><style data-emotion="css 1upn4tr">.css-1upn4tr{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:none;max-width:92rem;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1upn4tr{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}</style><nav class="css-1upn4tr"><style data-emotion="css q1g67a">.css-q1g67a{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:1 1 0%;-ms-flex:1 1 0%;flex:1 1 0%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><div class="css-q1g67a"><a title="Bitwarden homepage" href="/"><style data-emotion="css 1k80f53">.css-1k80f53{width:11rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><svg class="css-1k80f53" viewBox="0 0 528 83"><path d="M126.944 19.748c6.047 0 10.751 2.301 14.206 7.095 3.456 4.697 5.184 11.12 5.184 19.268 0 8.437-1.728 14.956-5.279 19.557-3.552 4.698-8.352 6.902-14.399 6.902-6.048 0-10.656-2.108-14.111-6.518h-.96l-1.824 4.505c-.288.671-.96 1.055-1.632 1.055h-7.679a1.72 1.72 0 0 1-1.728-1.726V2.493A1.72 1.72 0 0 1 100.45.767h10.367c.96 0 1.728.767 1.728 1.726v14.763c0 2.109-.192 5.464-.576 10.066h.576c3.167-4.985 8.063-7.574 14.399-7.574Zm-4.416 11.217c-3.36 0-5.952 1.054-7.584 3.163-1.535 2.11-2.399 5.656-2.399 10.45v1.533c0 5.465.768 9.395 2.399 11.696 1.632 2.301 4.224 3.547 7.776 3.547 2.784 0 5.183-1.342 6.815-4.026 1.632-2.589 2.496-6.519 2.496-11.408 0-4.985-.864-8.724-2.496-11.217-1.727-2.492-4.127-3.738-7.007-3.738Zm46.652 40.743h-10.367a1.72 1.72 0 0 1-1.728-1.726V22.53a1.72 1.72 0 0 1 1.728-1.726h10.367c.96 0 1.728.767 1.728 1.726v47.357c.096.863-.768 1.822-1.728 1.822Zm37.918-10.258c2.015 0 4.415-.383 7.295-1.15.768-.192 1.44.383 1.44 1.15v7.957c0 .48-.288.863-.672 1.055-3.264 1.342-7.392 2.013-11.999 2.013-5.568 0-9.599-1.343-12.095-4.218-2.496-2.78-3.84-6.999-3.84-12.559V31.252h-5.472c-.672 0-1.151-.479-1.151-1.15v-4.506c0-.096.096-.192.096-.287l7.583-4.506 3.744-9.97c.192-.48.576-.767 1.056-.767h6.911c.672 0 1.152.48 1.152 1.15V20.9h13.727c.288 0 .576.287.576.575v8.628c0 .671-.48 1.15-1.152 1.15h-13.055v24.35c0 1.918.576 3.451 1.632 4.314.96 1.055 2.496 1.534 4.224 1.534Zm64.603 10.258c-1.344 0-2.4-.863-2.976-2.11L258.55 38.635c-.672-2.205-1.536-5.56-2.688-9.874h-.288l-.96 3.451-2.016 6.519-10.463 30.965c-.384 1.246-1.536 2.013-2.88 2.013-1.344 0-2.496-.863-2.88-2.205l-12.767-44.578c-.384-1.342.672-2.78 2.208-2.78h.288c.96 0 1.824.671 2.112 1.63l7.487 27.13c1.824 7.094 3.072 12.27 3.648 15.722h.288c1.728-7.094 3.072-11.792 3.936-14.188l9.695-28.377c.384-1.15 1.44-1.917 2.784-1.917 1.248 0 2.304.767 2.688 1.917l9.023 28.185c2.208 7.19 3.552 11.791 4.032 14.188h.288c.288-1.917 1.439-7.286 3.647-15.914l7.2-26.746c.288-.959 1.152-1.63 2.112-1.63a2.184 2.184 0 0 1 2.111 2.78L275.06 69.503c-.384 1.342-1.535 2.205-2.975 2.205h-.384Zm57.019 0c-.864 0-1.632-.671-1.728-1.534l-.863-6.327h-.48c-2.496 3.163-4.992 5.464-7.68 6.806-2.592 1.342-5.759 1.917-9.311 1.917-4.896 0-8.639-1.246-11.327-3.738-2.4-2.205-3.744-5.177-3.936-8.916-.384-4.985 1.728-9.778 5.76-12.558 4.127-2.684 9.887-4.314 17.662-4.314l9.408-.288v-3.26c0-4.793-.96-8.244-2.976-10.64-2.016-2.397-4.992-3.547-9.216-3.547-4.031 0-8.063.958-12.287 2.971a2.11 2.11 0 0 1-2.783-1.054c-.48-1.055 0-2.3 1.055-2.684 4.8-1.918 9.504-2.972 14.303-2.972 5.472 0 9.504 1.438 12.287 4.314 2.688 2.78 4.032 7.286 4.032 13.133v31.157c-.096.575-.96 1.534-1.92 1.534Zm-19.87-3.26c5.375 0 9.503-1.534 12.479-4.505 3.072-2.972 4.608-7.286 4.608-12.559v-4.793l-8.64.383c-7.007.288-11.903 1.438-14.975 3.26-2.975 1.821-4.511 4.793-4.511 8.628 0 3.067.96 5.56 2.783 7.285 2.112 1.438 4.8 2.301 8.256 2.301Zm56.828-47.262c1.439 0 2.879.096 4.511.288a2.164 2.164 0 0 1 1.824 2.492c-.192 1.15-1.344 1.822-2.496 1.63-1.44-.192-2.88-.383-4.319-.383-4.224 0-7.68 1.821-10.368 5.368-2.687 3.547-4.031 8.149-4.031 13.517v25.117c0 1.246-.96 2.205-2.208 2.205-1.248 0-2.208-.959-2.208-2.205V24.158c0-1.054.864-1.917 1.92-1.917s1.92.767 1.92 1.821l.384 7.094h.288c2.016-3.642 4.223-6.23 6.527-7.669 2.208-1.534 4.992-2.3 8.256-2.3Zm33.789 0c3.552 0 6.72.671 9.311 1.918 2.688 1.246 4.992 3.547 7.008 6.71h.288c-.192-3.93-.288-7.573-.288-11.216V2.972c0-1.246.96-2.205 2.208-2.205 1.248 0 2.207.959 2.207 2.205v67.01c0 .863-.672 1.534-1.535 1.534-.768 0-1.44-.575-1.536-1.438l-.96-6.231h-.384c-3.744 5.656-9.216 8.436-16.223 8.436-6.911 0-11.999-2.11-15.743-6.423-3.552-4.314-5.471-10.45-5.471-18.598 0-8.532 1.727-15.051 5.375-19.653 3.648-4.122 8.832-6.423 15.743-6.423Zm0 4.123c-5.472 0-9.503 1.917-12.287 5.752-2.688 3.738-4.032 9.203-4.032 16.489 0 13.996 5.472 20.994 16.415 20.994 5.664 0 9.695-1.63 12.287-4.889 2.688-3.26 3.936-8.628 3.936-16.105v-.767c0-7.67-1.248-13.134-3.936-16.393-2.496-3.452-6.623-5.081-12.383-5.081Zm57.5 47.261c-7.2 0-12.767-2.204-16.895-6.71-4.032-4.41-6.048-10.641-6.048-18.598 0-7.957 1.92-14.284 5.856-18.982 3.936-4.793 9.119-7.19 15.743-7.19 5.759 0 10.463 2.014 13.727 6.04 3.456 4.026 5.087 9.587 5.087 16.585v3.643h-35.709c.096 6.806 1.632 11.983 4.8 15.626 3.167 3.643 7.583 5.273 13.439 5.273 2.783 0 5.375-.192 7.487-.576 1.536-.287 3.36-.767 5.568-1.534 1.248-.479 2.591.48 2.591 1.822 0 .767-.479 1.534-1.247 1.821-2.304.96-4.512 1.534-6.528 1.918-2.4.67-4.992.862-7.871.862Zm-1.344-47.357c-4.8 0-8.64 1.534-11.519 4.697-2.88 3.068-4.512 7.67-5.088 13.517h30.718c0-5.656-1.248-10.257-3.744-13.42-2.496-3.165-5.952-4.794-10.367-4.794Zm69.499 46.495c-1.248 0-2.208-.959-2.208-2.205V39.497c0-4.985-1.056-8.628-3.072-10.833-2.208-2.205-5.376-3.451-9.791-3.451-5.952 0-10.272 1.438-12.959 4.505-2.688 2.972-4.224 7.862-4.224 14.476v25.117c0 1.246-.96 2.205-2.208 2.205-1.248 0-2.208-.959-2.208-2.205V24.158c0-1.15.864-2.013 2.016-2.013 1.056 0 1.824.767 2.016 1.726l.576 4.985h.288c3.264-5.177 8.927-7.766 17.183-7.766 11.231 0 16.894 6.04 16.894 18.12V69.31c-.096 1.342-1.152 2.397-2.303 2.397ZM164.093 0c-4.512 0-8.16 3.451-8.16 7.765v.767c0 4.218 3.744 7.765 8.16 7.765 4.415 0 8.159-3.547 8.159-7.765v-.671c0-4.41-3.744-7.861-8.159-7.861ZM58.273 45.248V10.969H34.278v60.898c4.25-2.25 8.052-4.696 11.409-7.338 8.39-6.57 12.586-12.997 12.586-19.281ZM68.557 4.114v41.134c0 3.07-.598 6.114-1.795 9.132-1.196 3.017-2.678 5.695-4.445 8.034-1.767 2.338-3.874 4.615-6.32 6.829-2.446 2.213-4.704 4.052-6.775 5.516a85.29 85.29 0 0 1-6.481 4.151c-2.25 1.303-3.848 2.187-4.794 2.651a60.55 60.55 0 0 1-2.276 1.071 3.07 3.07 0 0 1-1.393.322c-.5 0-.964-.107-1.392-.322a60.55 60.55 0 0 1-2.277-1.07c-.946-.465-2.544-1.349-4.793-2.652a85.29 85.29 0 0 1-6.48-4.15c-2.072-1.465-4.33-3.304-6.776-5.517-2.446-2.214-4.553-4.49-6.32-6.83-1.768-2.338-3.25-5.016-4.446-8.033C.598 51.362 0 48.318 0 45.248V4.114c0-.929.34-1.732 1.018-2.41.678-.679 1.481-1.018 2.41-1.018h61.7c.93 0 1.733.339 2.411 1.017.678.679 1.018 1.482 1.018 2.41Z"></path></svg></a><style data-emotion="css u7ytkp">.css-u7ytkp{margin-right:0.5rem;}</style><div class="css-u7ytkp"><style data-emotion="css pqvesl">.css-pqvesl{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;list-style-type:none;gap:1.25rem;}</style><ul class="css-pqvesl"></ul></div><style data-emotion="css 106ndbl">.css-106ndbl{width:100%;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-106ndbl{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;}}</style><div id="search-portal" class="css-106ndbl"></div></div><style data-emotion="css y1z2x9">.css-y1z2x9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:1.25rem;}</style><div class="css-y1z2x9"><style data-emotion="css le86e">.css-le86e{display:none;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-le86e{display:block;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-le86e{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 430mab">.css-430mab{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:inline-block;border-radius:9999px;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;text-align:center;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));display:none;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}.css-430mab:hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-430mab:focus{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}.group:hover .css-430mab{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-430mab:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(28 30 36 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-430mab:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));background-color:transparent;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-430mab{display:block;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-430mab{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}</style><a aria-label="go to /contact-sales/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-430mab" href="/contact-sales/"><style data-emotion="css s5xdrg">.css-s5xdrg{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><span class="css-s5xdrg">Business sales</span></a><style data-emotion="css ufurj0">.css-ufurj0{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:inline-block;border-radius:9999px;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;text-align:center;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));display:none;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}.css-ufurj0:hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-ufurj0:focus{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}.group:hover .css-ufurj0{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-ufurj0:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-ufurj0{display:block;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-ufurj0{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}</style><a aria-label="go to /go/start-free/" data-testid="cta-link" class="mntn css-ufurj0" href="/go/start-free/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Get started</span></a><style data-emotion="css 1lkxvaq">.css-1lkxvaq{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1lkxvaq{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 141mtg7">.css-141mtg7{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:inline-block;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}.css-141mtg7:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-141mtg7:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-141mtg7{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}</style><a href="https://vault.bitwarden.com/#/login" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="go to https://vault.bitwarden.com/#/login" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-141mtg7"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Log In<style data-emotion="css ihq8ma">.css-ihq8ma{margin-left:0.5rem;font-family:bwi-font;font-size:16px!important;}</style><span class="css-ihq8ma"></span></span></a></div></nav></header><style data-emotion="css afq9iq">.css-afq9iq{margin-bottom:4rem;}</style><main class="css-afq9iq"><style data-emotion="css xmoxuc">.css-xmoxuc{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:64px;z-index:10;width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border-bottom-width:1px;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / 0.8);padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:700;--tw-backdrop-blur:blur(4px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia);backdrop-filter:var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-xmoxuc{display:none;}}</style><button type="button" class="css-xmoxuc">Security</button><style data-emotion="css woq3k4">.css-woq3k4{display:none;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-woq3k4{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-unset;display:-ms-unsetbox;display:unset;}}</style><div class="css-woq3k4"><style data-emotion="css 1rzw0nx">.css-1rzw0nx{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1rzw0nx{padding-top:0.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1rzw0nx{padding-top:0px;}}</style><nav class="css-1rzw0nx"><style data-emotion="css 1mlqqdt">.css-1mlqqdt{margin-left:395px;padding-top:1.5rem;text-align:left;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:400;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1mlqqdt{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:2.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 1536px){.css-1mlqqdt{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center;font-size:2.25rem;line-height:2.5rem;}}</style><h1 class="css-1mlqqdt">Welcome to the Help Center</h1><style data-emotion="css 1gizyee">.css-1gizyee{position:relative;height:75px;}</style><div class="css-1gizyee"><style data-emotion="css 10wklop">.css-10wklop{position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;top:0px;z-index:1;margin:auto;height:100%;}</style><div class="css-10wklop"><style data-emotion="css 11arxgj">.css-11arxgj{position:relative;max-width:32rem;margin-left:390px;}@media (min-width: 1536px){.css-11arxgj{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}</style><div class="css-11arxgj"><style data-emotion="css 1uktcht">.css-1uktcht{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;border-radius:9999px;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;}.css-1uktcht::-webkit-input-placeholder{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1uktcht::-moz-placeholder{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1uktcht:-ms-input-placeholder{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1uktcht::placeholder{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><input name="search" type="text" placeholder="What are you looking for?" readonly="" class="css-1uktcht"/><style data-emotion="css 1uffton">.css-1uffton{pointer-events:none;position:absolute;bottom:0px;right:1rem;top:0px;margin:auto;height:1rem;width:1rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1uffton{height:1.25rem;width:1.25rem;}}</style><svg class="css-1uffton" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M31.034 24.9l-5.644-5.66c-0.282-0.273-0.481-0.621-0.573-1.002s-0.076-0.782 0.049-1.154c0.847-2.408 0.954-5.013 0.309-7.483s-2.014-4.689-3.93-6.375-4.293-2.76-6.824-3.085c-2.531-0.325-5.102 0.114-7.382 1.261s-4.165 2.949-5.413 5.175c-1.248 2.226-1.802 4.775-1.591 7.318s1.178 4.966 2.775 6.956c1.598 1.99 3.754 3.457 6.192 4.212 2.682 0.836 5.565 0.762 8.2-0.212 0.373-0.129 0.776-0.149 1.16-0.056s0.734 0.292 1.008 0.576l5.6 5.622c0.307 0.307 0.671 0.55 1.071 0.716s0.83 0.252 1.264 0.252c0.434 0 0.863-0.085 1.264-0.252s0.765-0.41 1.071-0.716l1.4-1.4c0.62-0.621 0.968-1.463 0.968-2.341s-0.348-1.72-0.968-2.341l-0.006-0.012zM2.522 15.698c-0.511-1.829-0.528-3.761-0.047-5.599s1.441-3.514 2.782-4.859c1.341-1.345 3.016-2.309 4.852-2.794s3.769-0.474 5.599 0.033c1.769 0.484 3.381 1.421 4.677 2.719s2.23 2.911 2.711 4.681c0.511 1.829 0.528 3.761 0.047 5.599s-1.441 3.514-2.782 4.859c-1.341 1.345-3.016 2.309-4.852 2.794s-3.769 0.474-5.599-0.033c-1.769-0.484-3.381-1.421-4.677-2.719s-2.23-2.911-2.711-4.681zM29.522 28.068l-1.4 1.4c-0.108 0.109-0.236 0.195-0.378 0.254s-0.294 0.089-0.447 0.089c-0.153 0-0.305-0.030-0.447-0.089s-0.27-0.145-0.378-0.254l-5.548-5.562c-0.084-0.086-0.15-0.189-0.192-0.302s-0.060-0.233-0.052-0.354c0.007-0.12 0.040-0.238 0.096-0.345s0.134-0.201 0.228-0.276c0.613-0.514 1.177-1.084 1.684-1.702 0.074-0.095 0.168-0.174 0.275-0.231s0.224-0.090 0.345-0.098c0.121-0.008 0.242 0.009 0.355 0.051s0.217 0.107 0.303 0.192l5.556 5.568c0.218 0.221 0.34 0.518 0.34 0.828s-0.122 0.608-0.34 0.828v0.002z"></path></svg></div></div></div></nav></div><style data-emotion="css 11l6wr6">.css-11l6wr6{position:relative;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:1.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:1600px;-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-11l6wr6{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}</style><div class="css-11l6wr6"><div><style data-emotion="css 1u8l59x">@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1u8l59x{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:5rem;margin-top:-11rem;border-radius:2.25rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}}</style><style data-emotion="css 1434wkx">.css-1434wkx{position:fixed;bottom:0px;top:0px;z-index:20;height:100%;max-width:100%;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;overflow:auto;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-bottom:3rem;top:var(--nav-container-drawer-offset);height:-nav-container-drawer-height;left:0px;right:auto;--tw-translate-x:-100%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));width:20rem;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1434wkx{top:auto;display:block;height:auto;--tw-translate-x:0px!important;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1434wkx{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:5rem;margin-top:-11rem;border-radius:2.25rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}}</style><div class="css-1434wkx" style="--nav-container-drawer-offset:0px;--nav-container-drawer-height:calc(100vh - 0px);will-change:transform;transform:translateX(-100%)"><style data-emotion="css sz03v3">.css-sz03v3{height:-webkit-fit-content;height:-moz-fit-content;height:fit-content;max-height:100%;overflow-y:auto;padding-bottom:3rem;padding-top:0.5rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-sz03v3{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem;max-height:calc(100vh - 10rem);}}</style><nav class="css-sz03v3"><style data-emotion="css 171wbv4">.css-171wbv4{padding-left:0.5rem;padding-right:0.5rem;}</style><div class="css-171wbv4"><style data-emotion="css i2wqpt">.css-i2wqpt{display:block;width:100%;border-radius:9999px;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-i2wqpt:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/">Home</a><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/releasenotes/">Release Notes</a><style data-emotion="css 22umew">.css-22umew{margin-top:0.5rem;list-style-type:none;}</style><ul class="css-22umew"><li><style data-emotion="css 1ch2yw2">.css-1ch2yw2{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-radius:9999px;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;text-align:left;}.css-1ch2yw2:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><style data-emotion="css 1gixmn1">.css-1gixmn1{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:700;}</style><span class="css-1gixmn1">My Account</span><style data-emotion="css 1hofse1">.css-1hofse1{margin-left:0.25rem;height:1rem;width:1rem;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;transition-property:transform;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}</style><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1504nod">.css-1504nod{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><style data-emotion="css geo4q3">.css-geo4q3{overflow:hidden;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><style data-emotion="css ffhm6p">.css-ffhm6p{list-style-type:none;}</style><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/create-bitwarden-account/">Create your Bitwarden Account</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><style data-emotion="css 1j389vi">.css-1j389vi{font-weight:700;}</style><span class="css-1j389vi">Log In & Unlock</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><style data-emotion="css 1kcjmbu">.css-1kcjmbu{margin-left:0.5rem;list-style-type:none;}</style><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/master-password/">Your Master Password</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/forgot-master-password/">I Forgot my Master Password</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/using-sso/">Using Login with SSO</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/log-in-with-device/">Log in with Device</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/login-with-passkeys/">Log in with Passkeys beta</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/account-switching/">Account Switching</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/unlock-with-pin/">Unlock with PIN</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/biometrics/">Unlock with Biometrics</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/vault-timeout/">Vault Timeout Options</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Two-step Login</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/bitwarden-field-guide-two-step-login/">Field Guide to Two-Step Login</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/setup-two-step-login/">Two-step Login Methods</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Setup Guides</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/setup-two-step-login-authenticator/">Two-step Login via Authenticator</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/setup-two-step-login-email/">Two-step Login via Email</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/setup-two-step-login-duo/">Two-step Login via Duo</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/setup-two-step-login-yubikey/">Two-step Login via YubiKey</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/setup-two-step-login-fido/">Two-step Login via FIDO2 WebAuthn</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/two-step-recovery-code/">Recovery Codes</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/lost-two-step-device/">Lost Secondary Device</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/twostep-faqs/">Two-step Login FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">More</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/emergency-access/">Emergency Access</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/localization/">Localization</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/unusual-traffic-error/">Unusual Traffic Error</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Password Manager</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/password-manager-overview/">Password Manager Overview</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Get Started</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/getting-started-webvault/">Password Manager Web App</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/getting-started-browserext/">Password Manager Browser Extensions</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/getting-started-mobile/">Password Manager Mobile Apps</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/getting-started-desktop/">Password Manager Desktop Apps</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Vault Basics</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/managing-items/">Vault Items</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/generator/">Username & Password Generator</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/custom-fields/">Custom Fields</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/integrated-authenticator/">Integrated Authenticator</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/attachments/">File Attachments</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/sharing/">Sharing</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-collections/">Collections</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/storing-passkeys/">Storing Passkeys</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Vault Administration</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/folders/">Folders</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/favorites/">Favorites</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/vault-sync/">Sync your Vault</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/searching-vault/">Search your Vault</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/reports/">Vault Health Reports</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Import & Export</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-data/">Import Data to your Vault</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Import Guides</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-from-lastpass/">Import Data from LastPass</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-from-1password/">Import Data from 1Password</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-from-dashlane/">Import Data from Dashlane</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-from-chrome/">Import Data from Google Chrome</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-from-safari/">Import Data from macOS & Safari</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-from-firefox/">Import Data from Firefox</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-from-passwordsafe/">Import Data from Password Safe</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-data-from-myki/">Import Data from Myki</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/export-your-data/">Export Vault Data</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/encrypted-export/">Encrypted Exports</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/condition-bitwarden-import/">Condition a Bitwarden .csv or .json</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-faqs/">Import & Export FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Autofill</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Autofill Basics</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/auto-fill-browser/">Autofill Logins in Browser Extensions</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/auto-fill-android/">Autofill Logins on Android</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/auto-fill-ios/">Autofill Logins on iOS</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/auto-fill-card-id/">Autofill Cards & Identities</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/auto-fill-custom-fields/">Autofill Custom Fields</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/uri-match-detection/">Using URIs</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/blocking-uris/">Autofill Blocked URIs</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/basic-auth-autofill/">Basic Auth Prompts</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/keyboard-shortcuts/">Keyboard Shortcuts</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/disable-browser-autofill/">Disable a Browser's Built-in Password Manager</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/auto-fill-android-troubleshooting/">Troubleshooting Android Autofill</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/autofill-faqs/">Autofill FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Bitwarden Send</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-send/">About Send</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/create-send/">Create a Send</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/receive-send/">Receive a Send</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/send-lifespan/">Send Lifespan</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/send-privacy/">Send Privacy</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/send-cli/">Send from CLI</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/send-encryption/">Send Encryption</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/send-faqs/">Send FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Developer Tools</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/bitwarden-apis/">Password Manager APIs</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/cli/">Password Manager CLI</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/cli-auth-challenges/">CLI Authentication Challenges</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/personal-api-key/">Personal API Key for CLI Authentication</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">More</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/product-faqs/">Password Manager FAQs</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/change-theme/">Change App Theme</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/duckduckgo-macos-browser-integration/">DuckDuckGo macOS Browser Integration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/apple-watch-totp/">Bitwarden on Apple Watch </a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/private-mode/">Use Bitwarden in Firefox Private Windows</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/using-bitwarden-offline/">Using Bitwarden Offline</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/exclude-domains/">Exclude Domains</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/install-safari-app-extension/">Safari Web Extension</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/blocker-access-rule/">uMatrix and NoScript access rules</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Bitwarden Authenticator</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/bitwarden-authenticator/">Bitwarden Authenticator</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/authenticator-import-export/">Import and Export</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/authenticator-faqs/">FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Secrets Manager</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets-manager-overview/">Secrets Manager Overview</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Get Started</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets-manager-quick-start/">Secrets Manager Quick Start</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/developer-quick-start/">Developer Quick Start</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/log-in-to-secrets-manager/">Log in to Secrets Manager</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/manage-your-secrets-org/">Manage your Organization</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Your Secrets</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/projects/">Projects</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets/">Secrets</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/machine-accounts/">Machine Accounts</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/access-tokens/">Access Tokens</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secret-decryption/">Secret Decryption</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Import & Export</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-secrets-data/">Import Data</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/export-secrets-data/">Export Data</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Developer Tools</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets-manager-cli/">Secrets Manager CLI</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets-manager-sdk/">Secrets Manager SDK</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Integrations</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/ansible-integration/">Ansible</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/github-actions-integration/">GitHub Actions</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/gitlab-integration/">GitLab CI/CD</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets-manager-kubernetes-operator/">Secrets Manager Kubernetes Operator</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">More</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets-manager-faqs/">Secrets Manager FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Admin Console</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/getting-started-organizations/">Organizations Quick Start</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Organization Basics</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-organizations/">Organizations</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-collections/">Collections</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-groups/">Groups</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/policies/">Enterprise Policies</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/collection-management/">Collection Management</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">User Management</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/onboarding-and-succession/">Onboarding and Succession Overview</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/managing-users/">User Management</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/user-types-access-control/">Member Roles and Permissions</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">SCIM</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-scim/">About SCIM</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/jumpcloud-scim-integration/">JumpCloud SCIM Integration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/microsoft-entra-id-scim-integration/">Microsoft Entra ID SCIM Integration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/okta-scim-integration/">Okta SCIM Integration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/onelogin-scim-integration/">OneLogin SCIM Integration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/ping-identity-scim-integration/">Ping Identity SCIM Integration</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Directory Connector</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/directory-sync/">About Directory Connector</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/directory-sync-desktop/">Directory Connector Desktop App</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/directory-sync-cli/">Directory Connector CLI</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/directory-sync-shared/">Directory Connector File Storage</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/user-group-filters/">Sync Options and Filters</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/clear-sync-cache/">Clear Sync Cache</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/schedule-directory-sync/">Schedule a Sync</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/ldap-directory/">Sync with Active Directory or LDAP</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/microsoft-entra-id/">Sync with Microsoft Entra ID</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/workspace-directory/">Sync with Google Workspace</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/okta-directory/">Sync with Okta</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/onelogin-directory/">Sync with OneLogin</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/account-recovery/">Account Recovery</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Import & Export</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/import-to-org/">Import to an Organization</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/export-your-data/">Export Vault Data</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/condition-bitwarden-import/">Condition a Bitwarden .csv or .json</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Login with SSO</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-sso/">About Login with SSO</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/configure-sso-saml/">SAML 2.0 Configuration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/configure-sso-oidc/">OIDC Configuration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/sso-decryption-options/">Member Decryption Options</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/domain-verification/">Domain Verification</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Implementation Guides</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-adfs/">ADFS SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-auth0/">Auth0 SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-aws/">AWS SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-duo/">Duo SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-google/">Google SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-jumpcloud/">JumpCloud SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-keycloak/">Keycloak SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-microsoft-entra-id/">Microsoft Entra ID SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-okta/">Okta SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/saml-onelogin/">OneLogin SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/ping-identity-saml-implementation/">Ping Identity SAML Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/adfs-oidc-implementation/">ADFS OIDC Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/oidc-microsoft-entra-id/">Microsoft Entra ID OIDC Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/oidc-okta/">Okta OIDC Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/ping-identity-oidc-implementation/">Ping Identity OIDC Implementation</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/cloudflare-zero-trust-sso-implementation/">Cloudflare Zero Trust SSO Implementation</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Trusted Devices</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-trusted-devices/">About Trusted Devices</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/setup-sso-with-trusted-devices/">Setup SSO with Trusted Devices</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/add-a-trusted-device/">Add a Trusted Device</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/approve-a-trusted-device/">Approve a Trusted Device</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Key Connector</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-key-connector/">About Key Connector</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/deploy-key-connector/">Deploy Key Connector</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/sso-faqs/">Login with SSO FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Reporting</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/reports/">Vault Health Reports</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/event-logs/">Event Logs</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/elastic-siem/">Elastic SIEM</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/microsoft-sentinel-siem/">Microsoft Sentinel SIEM</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/panther-siem/">Panther SIEM </a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/rapid7-siem/">Rapid7 SIEM</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/splunk-siem/">Splunk SIEM</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">End-User Onboarding</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/about-onboarding-section/">About this Section</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/welcome-email-templates/">Welcome Email Templates</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/admin-team-onboarding-emails/">Admin Team Onboarding Emails</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/end-user-adoption-emails/">End-user Adoption Emails</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/onboarding-workflows/">Onboarding Workflows</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Deploy Client Apps</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Deploy Browser Extensions</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/browserext-deploy/">Deploy Browser Extensions using GPOs, Linux Policies, & .plist Files</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/deploy-browser-extensions-with-intune/">Deploy Browser Extensions with Intune</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Deploy Desktop Apps</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/deploy-desktop-apps-with-intune/">Deploy Desktop Apps with Intune</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/configure-clients-selfhost/">Configure Clients for Your Server</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/deactivate-browser-password-managers/">Deactivate Browser Password Managers Using Device Management</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/public-api/">Bitwarden Public API</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">More</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/org-faqs/">Organizations FAQs</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/link-to-an-item/">Link to an Item</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/enterprise-feature-list/">Bitwarden for Enterprise Features Datasheet</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/teams-enterprise-migration-guide/">Teams and Enterprise Migration Guide</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/lastpass-enterprise-migration-guide/">LastPass Enterprise Migration Guide</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/proof-of-concept/">Proof-of-Concept Project Checklist</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/prepare-your-org-for-prod/">Prepare your Trial Organization for Production</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Provider Portal</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/providers/">Provider Portal Overview</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/getting-started-providers/">Provider Portal Quick Start</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/provider-users/">Provider Users</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/client-org-setup/">Start a Client Organization</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/manage-client-orgs/">Ongoing Administration</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/client-org-removal/">Unlink Client Organization</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/provider-events/">Provider Event Logs</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/provider-billing/">Provider Billing</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/providers-faqs/">Providers FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Self-hosting</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Install & Deploy Guides</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Docker</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/install-on-premise-linux/">Linux Standard Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/install-on-premise-manual/">Linux Manual Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/install-and-deploy-offline/">Linux Offline Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/install-on-premise-windows/">Windows Standard Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/install-and-deploy-offline-windows/">Windows Offline Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/install-and-deploy-unified-beta/">Unified Deployment beta</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Helm</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/self-host-with-helm/">Self-host with Helm</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/azure-aks-deployment/">Azure AKS Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/openshift-deployment/">OpenShift Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/aws-eks-deployment/">AWS EKS Deployment</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/add-rawmanifest-files/">Add rawManifest Files</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/self-host-an-organization/">Self-host an Organization</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/migration/">Migration Procedures </a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/certificates/">Certificate Options</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/environment-variables/">Configure Environment Variables</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/database-options/">Database Options</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/external-db/">Connect to an External MSSQL Database</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/updating-on-premise/">Update your Instance</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/backup-on-premise/">Backup your Hosted Data</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/licensing-on-premise/">License Paid Features</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/system-administrator-portal/">System Administrator Portal</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/configure-clients-selfhost/">Configure Clients for Your Server</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/change-client-environment/">Connect Clients to your Instance</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/self-hosting-scim/">Self-hosting SCIM</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/families-for-enterprise-self-hosted/">Self-hosting Families Sponsorships</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/send-hosting/">Self-hosting Send</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/configure-push-relay/">Configure Push Relay</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/hosting-faqs/">Hosting FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Security</span><style data-emotion="css nd1hxo">.css-nd1hxo{margin-left:0.25rem;height:1rem;width:1rem;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;transition-property:transform;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;--tw-rotate:90deg;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));}</style><svg class="css-nd1hxo" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:1;height:auto"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/bitwarden-security-white-paper/">Bitwarden Security Whitepaper</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/vault-data/">Vault Data</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/administrative-data/">Administrative Data</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/what-encryption-is-used/">Encryption</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><style data-emotion="css 9a6nvu">.css-9a6nvu{display:block;width:100%;border-radius:9999px;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1!important;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))!important;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-9a6nvu:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><a aria-current="page" class="css-9a6nvu" href="/help/kdf-algorithms/">KDF Algorithms</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/account-encryption-key/">Account Encryption Key</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/fingerprint-phrase/">Account Fingerprint Phrase</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/data-storage/">Storage</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/is-bitwarden-audited/">Compliance, Audits, and Certifications</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/server-geographies/">Server Geographies</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/versioning/">Versioning</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/website-icons/">Privacy when using Website Icons</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/bitwarden-software-release-support/">Bitwarden Software Release Support</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/subprocessors/">Bitwarden Subprocessors</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/emails-from-bitwarden/">Emails from Bitwarden</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/bitwarden-addresses/">Bitwarden Addresses</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/security-faqs/">Security FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-22umew"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1gixmn1">Plans & Pricing</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Password Manager</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/password-manager-plans/">Password Manager Plans</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/upgrade-from-individual-to-org/">Upgrade from Individual to Organization</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/families-for-enterprise/">Redeem Families Sponsorship</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/premium-renewal/">Premium Renewal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><button type="button" class="css-1ch2yw2"><span class="css-1j389vi">Secrets Manager</span><svg class="css-1hofse1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8.318 0.269c0.404-0.377 1.037-0.355 1.413 0.049l12.090 12.953c1.434 1.537 1.434 3.922 0 5.459l-12.090 12.953c-0.377 0.404-1.010 0.425-1.413 0.049s-0.426-1.010-0.049-1.413l12.089-12.953c0.717-0.768 0.717-1.961 0-2.729l-12.089-12.953c-0.377-0.404-0.355-1.037 0.049-1.413z"></path></svg></button><div class="css-geo4q3" style="opacity:0;height:0px"><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/secrets-manager-plans/">Secrets Manager Plans</a></li></ul><ul class="css-1kcjmbu"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/sign-up-for-secrets-manager/">Sign up for Secrets Manager</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/bitwarden-resellers/">Bitwarden Resellers</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/enterprise-free-trial/">Start an Enterprise Trial</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/organization-renewal/">Organization Renewal</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/update-billing-info/">Update Your Billing Information</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/delete-your-account/">Delete an Account or Organization</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/cancel-a-subscription/">Cancel a Subscription</a></li></ul><ul class="css-ffhm6p"><li><a class="css-i2wqpt" href="/help/billing-faqs/">Billing FAQs</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div><style data-emotion="css m30tsa">.css-m30tsa{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-m30tsa{padding-left:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-m30tsa{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) 230px;padding-left:0px;}}</style><div class="css-m30tsa"><style data-emotion="css 1pe3az0">.css-1pe3az0{-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;}@media (min-width: 640px){.css-1pe3az0{margin-right:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1pe3az0{margin-left:1.5rem;margin-right:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1pe3az0{-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;margin-left:2.5rem;margin-right:2.5rem;}}</style><article class="css-1pe3az0"><style data-emotion="css 47wypn">.css-47wypn{margin-top:0.25rem;display:none;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:700;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-47wypn{display:block;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-47wypn{margin-top:1rem;}}</style><div class="css-47wypn">Security</div><style data-emotion="css akdqam">.css-akdqam{margin-top:1rem;}</style><h1 id="kdf-algorithms" class="css-akdqam">KDF Algorithms</h1><p>Bitwarden first uses Key Derivation Functions (KDFs) on account creation to derive a master key for the account from the input master password, which acts as input for a master password hash for the account (<style data-emotion="css 1v5663i">.css-1v5663i{text-decoration-line:underline;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1v5663i:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(44 221 233 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1v5663i:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a href="/help/bitwarden-security-white-paper/#overview-of-the-master-password-hashing,-key-derivation,-and-encryption-process" class="css-1v5663i">learn more</a>). Whenever a user is authenticated, for example when unlocking a vault or satisfying <a href="/help/managing-items/#protect-individual-items" class="css-1v5663i">master password re-prompt</a>, the process is repeated so that the newly-derived hash can be compared to the originally-derived hash. If they match, the user is authenticated.</p><p>KDFs are used in this capacity to frustrate brute-force or dictionary attacks against a master password. KDFs force an attacker's machines to compute a non-trivial number of hashes for each password guess, at increasing cost to the attacker.</p><p>Two KDF algorithms are currently available for use in Bitwarden; <strong>PBKDF2 </strong>and <strong>Argon2</strong>. Each algorithm has a selection of options available which can be used to increase the time and expense, or "work factor", imposed on the attacker.</p><style data-emotion="css bjn8wh">.css-bjn8wh{position:relative;}</style><div id="pbkdf2" class="group css-bjn8wh"><style data-emotion="css 1oqman9">.css-1oqman9{position:absolute;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));opacity:0;transition-property:opacity;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:500ms;left:-1.75rem;top:0.5rem;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;}.css-1oqman9:hover{opacity:1!important;}.group:hover .css-1oqman9{opacity:0.4;}</style><a href="#pbkdf2" title="#pbkdf2" class="css-1oqman9"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30.939 9.669l-7.372-0.014 1.332-8.422c0.022-0.138 0.016-0.279-0.016-0.415s-0.092-0.264-0.174-0.377c-0.082-0.113-0.186-0.209-0.305-0.282s-0.251-0.122-0.389-0.144-0.279-0.016-0.415 0.016c-0.136 0.033-0.264 0.092-0.377 0.174-0.229 0.166-0.382 0.415-0.426 0.694l-1.388 8.75-8.728-0.018 1.316-8.31c0.028-0.141 0.027-0.286-0.002-0.426s-0.087-0.274-0.169-0.391c-0.082-0.118-0.187-0.218-0.309-0.294s-0.257-0.127-0.399-0.15c-0.142-0.022-0.287-0.016-0.426 0.019s-0.27 0.097-0.384 0.184c-0.114 0.087-0.21 0.195-0.282 0.32s-0.117 0.262-0.134 0.405l-1.366 8.64-7.776-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.442 0.014-1.4 8.876-7.718-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.384 0.016-1.266 8c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.416 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.052 0.009 0.104 0.013 0.156 0.014 0.254 0 0.499-0.091 0.692-0.256s0.32-0.394 0.358-0.644l1.32-8.33 8.73 0.018-1.248 7.89c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.415 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.056 0.009 0.112 0.013 0.168 0.014 0.253-0.001 0.498-0.092 0.691-0.257s0.32-0.393 0.359-0.643l1.3-8.218 7.762 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754c0-0.283-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754s-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312l-7.428-0.016 1.4-8.876 7.704 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754c-0.2-0.2-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312h0.014zM19.671 20.657l-8.732-0.018 1.4-8.876 8.73 0.018-1.398 8.876z"></path></svg></a><h2>PBKDF2</h2></div><p>Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2) is <a href="https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html#memsecretver" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1v5663i">recommended by NIST</a> and, as implemented by Bitwarden, satisfies FIPS-140 requirements so long as default values are not changed.</p><p>PBKDF2, as implemented by Bitwarden, works by salting your master password with your username and running the resultant value through a one-way hash algorithm (HMAC-SHA-256) to create a fixed-length hash. This value is again salted with your username and hashed a configurable number of times (<strong>KDF iterations</strong>). The resultant value after all iterations is your master key, which acts as input for the master password hash used to authenticate that user whenever they log in (<a href="/help/bitwarden-security-white-paper/#overview-of-the-master-password-hashing,-key-derivation,-and-encryption-process" class="css-1v5663i">learn more</a>).</p><p>By default, Bitwarden is set to iterate 600,000 times, as <a href="https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Password_Storage_Cheat_Sheet.html#pbkdf2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1v5663i">recommended by OWASP</a> for HMAC-SHA-256 implementations. So long as the user does not set this value lower, the implementation is FIPS-140 compliant, but here are some tips should you choose to change your settings:</p><style data-emotion="css 7ayk8z">.css-7ayk8z{margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:1.25rem;padding-left:0px;}</style><ul class="css-7ayk8z"><style data-emotion="css 7c8h9w">.css-7c8h9w{position:relative;}.css-7c8h9w p{margin-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-7c8h9w.custom-list-icon{list-style-type:none;}</style><li class=" css-7c8h9w"><p>More KDF iterations will increase <strong>both</strong> the time it will take an attacker to crack a password <strong>and</strong> the time it will take a legitimate user to log in.</p></li><li class=" css-7c8h9w"><p>We recommend that you increase the value in increments of 100,000 and test all of your devices.</p></li></ul><div id="argon2id" class="group css-bjn8wh"><a href="#argon2id" title="#argon2id" class="css-1oqman9"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30.939 9.669l-7.372-0.014 1.332-8.422c0.022-0.138 0.016-0.279-0.016-0.415s-0.092-0.264-0.174-0.377c-0.082-0.113-0.186-0.209-0.305-0.282s-0.251-0.122-0.389-0.144-0.279-0.016-0.415 0.016c-0.136 0.033-0.264 0.092-0.377 0.174-0.229 0.166-0.382 0.415-0.426 0.694l-1.388 8.75-8.728-0.018 1.316-8.31c0.028-0.141 0.027-0.286-0.002-0.426s-0.087-0.274-0.169-0.391c-0.082-0.118-0.187-0.218-0.309-0.294s-0.257-0.127-0.399-0.15c-0.142-0.022-0.287-0.016-0.426 0.019s-0.27 0.097-0.384 0.184c-0.114 0.087-0.21 0.195-0.282 0.32s-0.117 0.262-0.134 0.405l-1.366 8.64-7.776-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.442 0.014-1.4 8.876-7.718-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.384 0.016-1.266 8c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.416 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.052 0.009 0.104 0.013 0.156 0.014 0.254 0 0.499-0.091 0.692-0.256s0.32-0.394 0.358-0.644l1.32-8.33 8.73 0.018-1.248 7.89c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.415 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.056 0.009 0.112 0.013 0.168 0.014 0.253-0.001 0.498-0.092 0.691-0.257s0.32-0.393 0.359-0.643l1.3-8.218 7.762 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754c0-0.283-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754s-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312l-7.428-0.016 1.4-8.876 7.704 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754c-0.2-0.2-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312h0.014zM19.671 20.657l-8.732-0.018 1.4-8.876 8.73 0.018-1.398 8.876z"></path></svg></a><h2>Argon2id</h2></div><p>Argon2 is the winner of the 2015 <a href="https://www.password-hashing.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1v5663i">Password Hashing Competition</a>. There are three versions of the algorithm, and Bitwarden has implemented Argon2id <a href="https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Password_Storage_Cheat_Sheet.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1v5663i">as recommended by OWASP</a>. Argon2id is a hybrid of other versions, using a combination of data-depending and data-independent memory accesses, which gives it some of Argon2i's resistance to side-channel cache timing attacks and much of Argon2d's resistance to GPU cracking attacks (<a href="https://github.com/p-h-c/phc-winner-argon2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1v5663i">source</a>).</p><p>Argon2, as implemented by Bitwarden, works by salting your master password with your username and running the resultant value through a one-way hash algorithm (BLAKE2b) to create a fixed-length hash.</p><p>Argon2 then allocates a portion of memory (<strong>KDF memory</strong>) and fills it with the computed hash until full. This is repeated, starting in the subsequent portion of memory where it left off in the first, a number of times iteratively (<strong>KDF iterations</strong>) across a number of threads (<strong>KDF parallelism</strong>). The resultant value after all iterations, is your master key, which acts as input for the master password hash used to authenticate that user whenever they log in (<a href="/help/bitwarden-security-white-paper/#overview-of-the-master-password-hashing,-key-derivation,-and-encryption-process" class="css-1v5663i">learn more</a>).</p><p>By default, Bitwarden is set to allocate 64 MiB of memory, iterate over it 3 times, and do so across 4 threads. These defaults are above <a href="https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Password_Storage_Cheat_Sheet.html#introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1v5663i">current OWASP recommendations</a>, but here are some tips should you choose to change your settings:</p><ul class="css-7ayk8z"><li class=" css-7c8h9w"><p>Increasing <strong>KDF iterations</strong> will increase running time linearly.</p></li><li class=" css-7c8h9w"><p>The amount of <strong>KDF parallelism</strong> you can use depends on your machine's CPU. Generally, Max. Parallelism = Num. of Cores x 2.</p></li><li class=" css-7c8h9w"><p>iOS limits app memory for autofill. Increasing iterations from the default 64 MB may result in errors while unlocking the vault with autofill. </p></li></ul><div id="changing-kdf-algorithm" class="group css-bjn8wh"><a href="#changing-kdf-algorithm" title="#changing-kdf-algorithm" class="css-1oqman9"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30.939 9.669l-7.372-0.014 1.332-8.422c0.022-0.138 0.016-0.279-0.016-0.415s-0.092-0.264-0.174-0.377c-0.082-0.113-0.186-0.209-0.305-0.282s-0.251-0.122-0.389-0.144-0.279-0.016-0.415 0.016c-0.136 0.033-0.264 0.092-0.377 0.174-0.229 0.166-0.382 0.415-0.426 0.694l-1.388 8.75-8.728-0.018 1.316-8.31c0.028-0.141 0.027-0.286-0.002-0.426s-0.087-0.274-0.169-0.391c-0.082-0.118-0.187-0.218-0.309-0.294s-0.257-0.127-0.399-0.15c-0.142-0.022-0.287-0.016-0.426 0.019s-0.27 0.097-0.384 0.184c-0.114 0.087-0.21 0.195-0.282 0.32s-0.117 0.262-0.134 0.405l-1.366 8.64-7.776-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.442 0.014-1.4 8.876-7.718-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.384 0.016-1.266 8c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.416 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.052 0.009 0.104 0.013 0.156 0.014 0.254 0 0.499-0.091 0.692-0.256s0.32-0.394 0.358-0.644l1.32-8.33 8.73 0.018-1.248 7.89c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.415 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.056 0.009 0.112 0.013 0.168 0.014 0.253-0.001 0.498-0.092 0.691-0.257s0.32-0.393 0.359-0.643l1.3-8.218 7.762 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754c0-0.283-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754s-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312l-7.428-0.016 1.4-8.876 7.704 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754c-0.2-0.2-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312h0.014zM19.671 20.657l-8.732-0.018 1.4-8.876 8.73 0.018-1.398 8.876z"></path></svg></a><h2>Changing KDF algorithm</h2></div><style data-emotion="css 1n1gv3m">.css-1n1gv3m{margin-bottom:1rem;break-inside:avoid-page;border-radius:1rem;border-width:1px;border-left-width:4px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-left-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><div class="group css-1n1gv3m"><style data-emotion="css mreroh">.css-mreroh{margin-bottom:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem;font-weight:500;text-transform:capitalize;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><h5 class="css-mreroh"><style data-emotion="css 12khd1j">.css-12khd1j{margin-right:0.25rem;font-family:bwi-font;}</style><span class="css-12khd1j"></span>note</h5><section id="7VkMoAPKoNo6iVrE4mdwV"><p><strong>2023-02-14</strong>: <!-- -->Argon2 is supported by Bitwarden clients version 2023.2.0 and later, and switching to Argon2 via the web vault could mean other clients will not be able to load your vault until they’re updated, typically within a week after release.</p></section></div><p>To change your KDF algorithm, navigate to the <strong>Settings </strong>→ <strong>Security</strong> → <strong>Keys</strong> page of the web vault. Changing the algorithm will re-encrypt the protected symmetric key and update the authentication hash, much like a normal master password change, but will not rotate the symmetric encryption key so vault data will not be re-encrypted. See <a class="css-1v5663i" href="/help/account-encryption-key/">here</a> for information on re-encrypting your data.</p><p>When you change algorithm, you'll be logged out of all clients. Though the risk involved in <a class="css-1v5663i" href="/help/account-encryption-key/">rotating your encryption key</a> does not exist when changing algorithm, we still recommend<a class="css-1v5663i" href="/help/export-your-data/"> exporting your vault</a> beforehand.</p><div id="low-kdf-iterations" class="group css-bjn8wh"><style data-emotion="css 1j5c61x">.css-1j5c61x{position:absolute;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));opacity:0;transition-property:opacity;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:500ms;left:-1.5rem;top:0.5rem;height:1.25rem;width:1.25rem;}.css-1j5c61x:hover{opacity:1!important;}.group:hover .css-1j5c61x{opacity:0.4;}</style><a href="#low-kdf-iterations" title="#low-kdf-iterations" class="css-1j5c61x"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30.939 9.669l-7.372-0.014 1.332-8.422c0.022-0.138 0.016-0.279-0.016-0.415s-0.092-0.264-0.174-0.377c-0.082-0.113-0.186-0.209-0.305-0.282s-0.251-0.122-0.389-0.144-0.279-0.016-0.415 0.016c-0.136 0.033-0.264 0.092-0.377 0.174-0.229 0.166-0.382 0.415-0.426 0.694l-1.388 8.75-8.728-0.018 1.316-8.31c0.028-0.141 0.027-0.286-0.002-0.426s-0.087-0.274-0.169-0.391c-0.082-0.118-0.187-0.218-0.309-0.294s-0.257-0.127-0.399-0.15c-0.142-0.022-0.287-0.016-0.426 0.019s-0.27 0.097-0.384 0.184c-0.114 0.087-0.21 0.195-0.282 0.32s-0.117 0.262-0.134 0.405l-1.366 8.64-7.776-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.442 0.014-1.4 8.876-7.718-0.016c-0.283 0-0.554 0.112-0.754 0.312s-0.312 0.471-0.312 0.754c0 0.283 0.112 0.554 0.312 0.754s0.471 0.312 0.754 0.312l7.384 0.016-1.266 8c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.416 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.052 0.009 0.104 0.013 0.156 0.014 0.254 0 0.499-0.091 0.692-0.256s0.32-0.394 0.358-0.644l1.32-8.33 8.73 0.018-1.248 7.89c-0.044 0.279 0.024 0.564 0.19 0.793s0.415 0.382 0.694 0.427c0.056 0.009 0.112 0.013 0.168 0.014 0.253-0.001 0.498-0.092 0.691-0.257s0.32-0.393 0.359-0.643l1.3-8.218 7.762 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754c0-0.283-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754s-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312l-7.428-0.016 1.4-8.876 7.704 0.016c0.283 0 0.554-0.112 0.754-0.312s0.312-0.471 0.312-0.754-0.112-0.554-0.312-0.754c-0.2-0.2-0.471-0.312-0.754-0.312h0.014zM19.671 20.657l-8.732-0.018 1.4-8.876 8.73 0.018-1.398 8.876z"></path></svg></a><h3>Low KDF iterations</h3></div><p>In the <a href="/help/releasenotes/#2023-2-0" class="css-1v5663i">2023.2.0 release</a>, Bitwarden increased the default number of KDF iterations for accounts using the <a href="#pbkdf2" class="css-1v5663i">PBKDF2</a> algorithm to 600,000, in accordance with updated OWASP guidelines. This strengthens vault encryption against hackers armed with increasingly powerful devices. If you are using the PBKDF2 algorithm and have KDF iterations set below 600,000, <strong>you'll receive a warning message encouraging you to increase your KDF settings</strong>. </p><p>If you see this message, select the <strong>Update KDF settings</strong> button and either increase your PBKDF2 iterations to at least 600,000, or change your KDF algorithm to <a href="#argon2id" class="css-1v5663i">Argon2id</a> with default settings. When you save these changes, you'll be logged out of all clients, so be sure that you know your master password and that your two-step login method is accessible.</p><style data-emotion="css 1radur6">.css-1radur6{margin-bottom:1rem;break-inside:avoid-page;border-radius:1rem;border-width:1px;border-left-width:4px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-left-color:rgb(251 146 60 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><div class="group css-1radur6"><style data-emotion="css 1euk51h">.css-1euk51h{margin-bottom:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem;font-weight:500;text-transform:capitalize;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(251 146 60 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><h5 class="css-1euk51h"><span class="css-12khd1j"></span>warning</h5><section id="4U3u9FrTx09SD8xL0DOdcf"><p>Before making <strong>any</strong> changes to encryption settings, it is recommended that your backup your individual vault data first. See <a class="css-1v5663i" href="/help/export-your-data/">Export Vault Data</a> for more information. </p></section></div><p>Changing the iteration count can help protect your master password from being brute forced by an attacker, however should not be viewed as a substitute to using a strong master password in the first place. A strong master password is always the first and best line of defense for your Bitwarden account. </p><style data-emotion="css 1j2gk6h">.css-1j2gk6h{margin-top:6rem;}</style><div class="css-1j2gk6h"><style data-emotion="css bsdyho">.css-bsdyho{border-radius:2.25rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding:1rem;}</style><div class="css-bsdyho"><style data-emotion="css 7whenc">.css-7whenc{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;}</style><div class="css-7whenc"><style data-emotion="css 1e3ba5r">.css-1e3ba5r{margin-left:auto;height:auto;-webkit-align-self:flex-end;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-end;align-self:flex-end;white-space:normal;border-radius:0.25rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;width:100%;}.css-1e3ba5r:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><button type="button" class="css-1e3ba5r">Suggest changes to this page</button></div><style data-emotion="css td0oco">.css-td0oco form>button{display:none;}</style><div id="help-page-suggestions" class="css-td0oco"><style data-emotion="css 1tv8zk1">.css-1tv8zk1{overflow:hidden;padding-left:0.25rem;padding-right:0.25rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="css-1tv8zk1" style="will-change:opacity"><style data-emotion="css 16wz0wf">.css-16wz0wf{min-height:10rem;}@media print{.css-16wz0wf{display:none;}}</style><div class="bw-hubspot-form css-16wz0wf"><span class="bw-hubspot-form-copy"><h3 class="bw-hubspot-form-headline">Suggest changes to this page</h3><p>How can we improve this page for you? <br/>For technical, billing, and product questions, please <a class="css-1v5663i" href="/contact/">contact support</a></p></span><style data-emotion="css 1tpazsy">.css-1tpazsy{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:2rem;}</style><div class="bw-hubspot-form-loader css-1tpazsy"><style data-emotion="css 922w1y">.css-922w1y{height:4rem;width:4rem;-webkit-animation:spin 1s linear infinite;animation:spin 1s linear infinite;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@-webkit-keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}@keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}</style><svg class="css-922w1y" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M9.739 30.026c0.649 0 1.176-0.526 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176c0 0.65 0.527 1.176 1.176 1.176zM16.505 31.996c0.649 0 1.176-0.526 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176c0 0.65 0.527 1.176 1.176 1.176zM23.869 30.174c0.649 0 1.176-0.527 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176c-0.65 0-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176s0.526 1.176 1.176 1.176zM4.863 25.762c0.765 0 1.386-0.621 1.386-1.386s-0.621-1.386-1.386-1.386c-0.765 0-1.386 0.621-1.386 1.386s0.621 1.386 1.386 1.386zM2.639 19.476c0.906 0 1.64-0.734 1.64-1.64s-0.734-1.64-1.64-1.64c-0.906 0-1.64 0.734-1.64 1.64s0.734 1.64 1.64 1.64zM4.021 12.32c1.069 0 1.936-0.867 1.936-1.936s-0.867-1.936-1.936-1.936c-1.069 0-1.936 0.867-1.936 1.936s0.867 1.936 1.936 1.936zM9.621 6.676c1.298 0 2.35-1.052 2.35-2.35s-1.052-2.35-2.35-2.35c-1.298 0-2.35 1.052-2.35 2.35s1.052 2.35 2.35 2.35zM18.813 5.324c1.469 0 2.66-1.191 2.66-2.66s-1.191-2.66-2.66-2.66c-1.469 0-2.66 1.191-2.66 2.66s1.191 2.66 2.66 2.66zM27.897 11.232c1.714 0 3.104-1.39 3.104-3.104s-1.39-3.104-3.104-3.104c-1.714 0-3.104 1.39-3.104 3.104s1.39 3.104 3.104 3.104z"></path></svg></div><div class="bw-hs-form-container" id="hsf-7ebd12d3-6229-5c1a-873e-8b1074e109fb"><style data-emotion="css-global bq4vmd">.hs-form label{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form fieldset{max-width:100%!important;}.hs-form br{margin-bottom:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;--tw-content:" ";content:var(--tw-content);}.hs-form .actions .hs-button{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.hs-form .inputs-list{list-style-type:none;}.hs-form .inputs-list .hs-form-booleancheckbox-display{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;gap:0.5rem;}.hs-form .inputs-list .hs-form-booleancheckbox-display .hs-input{margin-top:0.25rem;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.hs-form .inputs-list .hs-form-booleancheckbox-display .hs-input{margin-top:0.5rem;}}.hs-form .hs-form-required{margin-left:0.25rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.1;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(239 68 68 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-form-field{margin-bottom:1rem;}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']){height:50px;width:100%;border-radius:0.25rem;border-width:1px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding:0.75rem;transition-property:border-color,box-shadow;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox'])::-webkit-input-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox'])::-moz-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']):-ms-input-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox'])::placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']):hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-border-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']):focus{outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;--tw-ring-offset-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 var(--tw-ring-offset-width) var(--tw-ring-offset-color);--tw-ring-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 calc(2px + var(--tw-ring-offset-width)) var(--tw-ring-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow, 0 0 #0000);--tw-ring-opacity:1;--tw-ring-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-ring-opacity));}@media (min-width: 1024px){.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']){height:54px;}}.hs-form .hs-input.is-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1!important;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity))!important;}.hs-form .hs-input[type='radio']{margin-right:0.5rem;}.hs-form select.hs-input{width:100%;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:0.25rem;border-right-width:8px;border-color:transparent;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));background-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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');-webkit-background-size:40px 15px;background-size:40px 15px;-webkit-background-position:right 52%;background-position:right 52%;background-repeat:no-repeat;padding-left:0.75rem;padding-right:1.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(40 42 49 / var(--tw-text-opacity));outline-style:solid;outline-width:0px;}.hs-form select.hs-input:required:invalid{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-fieldtype-textarea{min-height:10rem!important;width:100%!important;}.hs-form .hs-error-msgs{list-style-type:none;}.hs-form .hs-error-msgs li{line-height:1.1;}.hs-form .hs-error-msgs li label{margin-left:0.25rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(239 68 68 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-button{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem;cursor:pointer;border-radius:9999px;border-style:none;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;text-align:center;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:400;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));transition-property:background-color,color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;}.hs-form .hs-button:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-button:focus{outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;--tw-ring-offset-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 var(--tw-ring-offset-width) var(--tw-ring-offset-color);--tw-ring-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 calc(2px + var(--tw-ring-offset-width)) var(--tw-ring-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow, 0 0 #0000);--tw-ring-opacity:1;--tw-ring-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-ring-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-button.large{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;}.hs-form .hs-richtext p{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .legal-consent-container p{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.1;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;list-style-type:none;}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display input.hs-input{width:0.75rem;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;border-radius:0.25rem;}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display span{margin-left:0.5rem;-webkit-flex:1 1 0%;-ms-flex:1 1 0%;flex:1 1 0%;line-height:1.1;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display span p{line-height:1.1;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected{position:relative;margin-bottom:2rem;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .inputs-list{margin-top:0.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .inputs-list li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-form-radio-display{cursor:pointer;border-radius:0.5rem;border-width:2px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;transition-property:opacity;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-form-radio-display:hover{opacity:0.6;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-form-radio-display:has(.hs-input:checked){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));opacity:1;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-input[type='radio']{display:none;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected >label{float:left;margin-bottom:0.5rem;vertical-align:middle;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .input{clear:both;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-field-desc{position:relative;float:left;margin-left:0.5rem;display:inline-block!important;width:auto;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-field-desc p{margin-bottom:0px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content{pointer-events:none;position:absolute;left:50%;top:0px;z-index:0;--tw-translate-x:-50%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));width:300px;border-radius:0.5rem;border-width:1px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding:1rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));--tw-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);--tw-shadow-colored:0 4px 6px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color),0 2px 4px -2px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow);--tw-translate-y:-0.5rem;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));opacity:0;transition-property:opacity,transform;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content:before{position:absolute;left:50%;top:-22px;box-sizing:border-box;--tw-translate-x:-50%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));--tw-content:'';content:var(--tw-content);border-width:11px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-bottom-color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-border-opacity));}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content:after{position:absolute;top:-1.25rem;left:50%;box-sizing:border-box;--tw-translate-x:-50%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));--tw-content:'';content:var(--tw-content);border-width:10px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-bottom-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-mit-info-icon{position:relative;z-index:10;vertical-align:sub;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-mit-info-icon:after{display:inline-block;height:1rem;width:1rem;content:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-mit-info-icon:hover+.bw-hs-toolip-content,.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content:hover{pointer-events:auto;--tw-translate-y:2.25rem;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));opacity:1;}</style></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><style data-emotion="css 16bqfpf">.css-16bqfpf{-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-16bqfpf{-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;}}</style><div class="css-16bqfpf"><style data-emotion="css g37sru">.css-g37sru{margin-top:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem;list-style-type:none;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><ul color="primaryBlue" class="css-g37sru"><li><style data-emotion="css 1enfjws">.css-1enfjws{margin-right:0.25rem;cursor:pointer;font-family:bwi-font;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><span class="css-1enfjws"></span><a href="/download/">Download Bitwarden</a></li><li><span class="css-1enfjws"></span><a href="https://community.bitwarden.com/t/about-the-feature-requests-category" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Feature Request</a></li><li><span class="css-1enfjws"></span><a href="https://community.bitwarden.com/c/support/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Ask the Community</a></li><li><span class="css-1enfjws"></span><a href="/learning/">Learning Center</a></li><li><span class="css-1enfjws"></span><a href="https://contributing.bitwarden.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Contributor Guidelines</a></li></ul><style data-emotion="css 1k5hwgu">.css-1k5hwgu{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:2rem;display:block;width:210px;white-space:nowrap;border-radius:9999px;border-width:2px;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;text-align:left;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.css-1k5hwgu:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}.css-1k5hwgu:disabled{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><button type="button" class="css-1k5hwgu"><style data-emotion="css obpszl">.css-obpszl{margin-right:0.5rem;font-family:bwi-font;}</style><span class="css-obpszl"></span>Download as PDF</button><style data-emotion="css ocut2q">.css-ocut2q{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:2rem;display:block;width:210px;border-radius:9999px;border-width:2px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-border-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;text-align:left;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.css-ocut2q:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}</style><button type="button" class="css-ocut2q"><span class="css-obpszl"></span>Contact support</button><style data-emotion="css oswy">.css-oswy{border-radius:1rem;padding:1.5rem;}.css-oswy h3{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;}.css-oswy *>div{z-index:10;width:auto!important;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1vb9paj">.css-1vb9paj{margin-bottom:2rem;border-radius:2.25rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding:2rem;border-radius:1rem;padding:1.5rem;}.css-1vb9paj h2{margin:0px;}.css-1vb9paj h3{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;}.css-1vb9paj *>div{z-index:10;width:auto!important;}</style><div class="css-1vb9paj"><style data-emotion="css 103zpp0">.css-103zpp0{margin-bottom:0px;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem;}</style><h3 class="css-103zpp0">Cloud Status</h3><div><style data-emotion="css 10jmcs7">.css-10jmcs7{margin-top:1.25rem;height:2rem;width:2rem;-webkit-animation:spin 1s linear infinite;animation:spin 1s linear infinite;}@-webkit-keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}@keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}</style><svg class="css-10jmcs7" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M9.739 30.026c0.649 0 1.176-0.526 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176c0 0.65 0.527 1.176 1.176 1.176zM16.505 31.996c0.649 0 1.176-0.526 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176c0 0.65 0.527 1.176 1.176 1.176zM23.869 30.174c0.649 0 1.176-0.527 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176c-0.65 0-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176s0.526 1.176 1.176 1.176zM4.863 25.762c0.765 0 1.386-0.621 1.386-1.386s-0.621-1.386-1.386-1.386c-0.765 0-1.386 0.621-1.386 1.386s0.621 1.386 1.386 1.386zM2.639 19.476c0.906 0 1.64-0.734 1.64-1.64s-0.734-1.64-1.64-1.64c-0.906 0-1.64 0.734-1.64 1.64s0.734 1.64 1.64 1.64zM4.021 12.32c1.069 0 1.936-0.867 1.936-1.936s-0.867-1.936-1.936-1.936c-1.069 0-1.936 0.867-1.936 1.936s0.867 1.936 1.936 1.936zM9.621 6.676c1.298 0 2.35-1.052 2.35-2.35s-1.052-2.35-2.35-2.35c-1.298 0-2.35 1.052-2.35 2.35s1.052 2.35 2.35 2.35zM18.813 5.324c1.469 0 2.66-1.191 2.66-2.66s-1.191-2.66-2.66-2.66c-1.469 0-2.66 1.191-2.66 2.66s1.191 2.66 2.66 2.66zM27.897 11.232c1.714 0 3.104-1.39 3.104-3.104s-1.39-3.104-3.104-3.104c-1.714 0-3.104 1.39-3.104 3.104s1.39 3.104 3.104 3.104z"></path></svg><div id="hundStatus"></div></div><style data-emotion="css lr36n9">.css-lr36n9{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:inline-block;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}.css-lr36n9:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a href="https://status.bitwarden.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="go to https://status.bitwarden.com/" data-testid="cta-link" class=" css-lr36n9"><style data-emotion="css s5xdrg">.css-s5xdrg{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><span class="css-s5xdrg">Check status<style data-emotion="css ihq8ma">.css-ihq8ma{margin-left:0.5rem;font-family:bwi-font;font-size:16px!important;}</style><span class="css-ihq8ma"></span></span></a></div><style data-emotion="css vz1xo8">.css-vz1xo8{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:5rem;max-height:calc(100vh - 8rem);overflow-y:auto;}</style><div class="css-vz1xo8"><nav id="toc-nav"><style data-emotion="css 118vv05">.css-118vv05{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;list-style-type:none;}</style><ul class="css-118vv05"><li><style data-emotion="css ksamu5">.css-ksamu5{font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a href="#kdf-algorithms" class="css-ksamu5">On this page</a></li><style data-emotion="css kv9ztv">.css-kv9ztv{padding-bottom:0.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><li class="css-kv9ztv"><style data-emotion="css exknhq">.css-exknhq.active{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-exknhq:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a href="#pbkdf2" class="css-exknhq">PBKDF2</a></li><li class="css-kv9ztv"><a href="#argon2id" class="css-exknhq">Argon2id</a></li><li class="css-kv9ztv"><a href="#changing-kdf-algorithm" class="css-exknhq">Changing KDF algorithm</a></li><style data-emotion="css r2ksu3">.css-r2ksu3{margin-left:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><li class="css-r2ksu3"><style data-emotion="css 3z6uy4">.css-3z6uy4:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-3z6uy4.active{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a href="#low-kdf-iterations" class="css-3z6uy4">Low KDF iterations</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div></div></main><style data-emotion="css 1diyjrv">.css-1diyjrv{border-top-width:1px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-top:2.5rem;padding-bottom:2.5rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1diyjrv:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(28 30 36 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(28 30 36 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1diyjrv *>a{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1diyjrv:where(.dark, .dark *) *>a{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(147 157 167 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><footer class="css-1diyjrv"><style data-emotion="css 1vgwj7w">.css-1vgwj7w{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:92rem;padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1vgwj7w{padding-left:2.25rem;padding-right:2.25rem;}}</style><div class="css-1vgwj7w"><style data-emotion="css zed147">.css-zed147{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:2.5rem;}</style><div class="css-zed147"><style data-emotion="css 1g1p7jq">.css-1g1p7jq{display:grid;gap:2rem;}@media (min-width: 640px){.css-1g1p7jq{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1g1p7jq{grid-template-columns:repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));}}</style><nav class="css-1g1p7jq"><div><style data-emotion="css syvv29">.css-syvv29{margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem;}</style><h4 class="css-syvv29">Products</h4><style data-emotion="css 15idi1d">.css-15idi1d{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0.75rem;}</style><div class="css-15idi1d"><style data-emotion="css yztkno">.css-yztkno{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;text-decoration-line:none;}.css-yztkno:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-yztkno:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><style data-emotion="css jb0zmd">.css-jb0zmd{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:table;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;text-decoration-line:underline;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;text-decoration-line:none;}.css-jb0zmd:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-jb0zmd:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-jb0zmd:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/products/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-jb0zmd" id="d662225a-a7dd-58b7-98aa-4e77da014be0" contentful_id="1TeIznXh4HlHYv3jJG8LhK" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="How Bitwarden Works" link="[object Object]" href="/products/"><style data-emotion="css s5xdrg">.css-s5xdrg{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><span class="css-s5xdrg">How Bitwarden Works</span></a><style data-emotion="css 1g51eys">.css-1g51eys{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:inline-block;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;text-decoration-line:underline;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;text-decoration-line:none;}.css-1g51eys:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1g51eys:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1g51eys:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/download/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="43e43c29-f6f8-5633-b8c5-f9b376398ed7" contentful_id="10NVVeI4X0MOauskvQrF4e" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Download Options" link="[object Object]" href="/download/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Download Options</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/integrations/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="f85d6b48-2b0f-5812-979a-cdd5b87c2773" contentful_id="5eFZh7ZpZAR7Zf5S4GzbVd" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Integrations" link="[object Object]" href="/integrations/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Integrations</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/passwordless-passkeys/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="3f94e63c-d5af-5781-9fe2-a8180ac68ea0" contentful_id="5gDAU3njpZMHqPwQpjCVqN" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Passkeys and Passwordless" link="[object Object]" href="/passwordless-passkeys/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Passkeys and Passwordless</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/products/authenticator/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="768e2b95-b63e-58f3-9637-6df8e067a040" contentful_id="7CGSJJJgAe7rpWude3M0DB" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Bitwarden Authenticator" link="[object Object]" href="/products/authenticator/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Bitwarden Authenticator</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/products/send/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="0c2b5ecf-34c0-5b1b-a3ee-c605a1a0f62c" contentful_id="5nkWzkNOZ0MGe7lKkMEZkO" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Bitwarden Send" link="[object Object]" href="/products/send/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Bitwarden Send</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/pricing/business/" data-testid="cta-link" class="plausible-event-name=button+click plausible-event-button=plans+pricing css-1g51eys" id="6809a631-72b4-50c0-8185-049e5977f010" contentful_id="23mPH1cjEErDVndQnc0zGu" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Plans and Pricing" link="[object Object]" href="/pricing/business/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Plans and Pricing</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/msp/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="1454eab7-3438-59d4-9134-b5cccb23063c" contentful_id="1CVWAhO0OxWE1h51ZmMQUN" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Managed Service Providers" link="[object Object]" href="/msp/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Managed Service Providers</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/self-hosted-password-manager-on-premises/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="b71334d0-53ef-5191-846e-ac96a374deb8" contentful_id="1Sn49uCrtNu9FvM6nC6cyy" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Self-Hosting Bitwarden" link="[object Object]" href="/self-hosted-password-manager-on-premises/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Self-Hosting Bitwarden</span></a></div></div><div><h4 class="css-syvv29">Company</h4><div class="css-15idi1d"><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/about/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="66a7fb0b-8238-5da4-abba-9966410745ef" contentful_id="39kglbRgTTuggeZcVzI0pi" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="About" link="[object Object]" href="/about/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">About</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/open-source/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="c3b6ca6c-88c7-5f31-87b6-bfca5fa58077" contentful_id="76o5wyzdQwMXJ6aIMiPzqB" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Open Source" link="[object Object]" href="/open-source/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Open Source</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/careers/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="b9c1d6be-0841-57d6-a765-88d90bef6e58" contentful_id="7N3xBMqCWTKdTBamlg6Rcf" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Careers" link="[object Object]" href="/careers/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Careers</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/events/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="facf9a1c-5786-51c7-9550-ff1afaaf9e6d" contentful_id="5Z9OJcpDdPnTEMnKHIefd3" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Events" link="[object Object]" href="/events/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Events</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/open-source-security-summit/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="501d4d2a-84fb-5c9b-8b64-367f835bb315" contentful_id="6p7vmdKkdarzlu7CwBgNWH" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Open Source Security Summit" link="[object Object]" href="/open-source-security-summit/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Open Source Security Summit</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/press-room/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="871115e0-eb9c-5313-bdd6-e53cb752795c" contentful_id="wrPSmNJEb0shJRfKQwEJ7" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Press Room" link="[object Object]" href="/press-room/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Press Room</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/blog/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="ec058258-4145-57a0-ba7e-38855e3f130c" contentful_id="4JAtkWbj9FQnmbJA6S9YRZ" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Blog" link="[object Object]" href="/blog/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Blog</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/partners/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="fb1841a1-cf9e-5140-a4b1-825cc21b4405" contentful_id="3veiKFRMgGAhMNXu4y11dw" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Partners" link="[object Object]" href="/partners/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Partners</span></a></div></div><div><h4 class="css-syvv29">Resources</h4><div class="css-15idi1d"><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/resources/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="0ebfc50f-c38a-5aab-9df1-a5735ee1f73f" contentful_id="wjANne83SzZ1LOfTis1kv" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Resource Center" link="[object Object]" href="/resources/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Resource Center</span></a><a href="https://community.bitwarden.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="go to https://community.bitwarden.com/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="3e482cd7-6025-5a92-89c9-66310ac9fbe1" contentful_id="60ITdQWQoH7yGUHvZbTMYh" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Community Forums" link="[object Object]"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Community Forums</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/compliance/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="7c32770c-d54c-536b-9cca-dee3da19f44e" contentful_id="1ZHe21KzYPOtQPyot6BtJv" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Security Compliance" link="[object Object]" href="/compliance/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Security Compliance</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/case-studies/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="1c492841-19fd-55a6-864a-90bbf0a18ecb" contentful_id="39jInN2tX5V7ODivwqYqYY" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Case Studies" link="[object Object]" href="/case-studies/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Case Studies</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/newsfeed/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="86290cad-2e62-503d-b2dd-6e4f0a3f5341" contentful_id="EkmGGvwMq1Frj30XOod8t" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Newsfeed" link="[object Object]" href="/newsfeed/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Newsfeed</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/resources/the-survey-room/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="9af480a9-0fb0-50d1-afce-fedc768bf407" contentful_id="7mfQSCXKcLmQvmCYs6TB0A" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Survey Room" link="[object Object]" href="/resources/the-survey-room/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Survey Room</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/newsletter-subscribe/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="ae95998b-96c5-5ac1-8600-58eb1fa6ce7e" contentful_id="7fiZwG5Eql0cvZBzgT8zcc" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Subscribe to Updates" link="[object Object]" href="/newsletter-subscribe/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Subscribe to Updates</span></a></div></div><div><h4 class="css-syvv29">Tools & Help</h4><div class="css-15idi1d"><a href="/password-generator/" aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/password-generator/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="6e9f3022-31d5-5299-8e3a-6ddfcf29eade" contentful_id="7woATSCYRFMuMXdVgIyb0r" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Password Generator" link="[object Object]"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Password Generator</span></a><a href="/password-strength/" aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/password-strength/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="6835eec9-8b65-5733-80fa-02e29d7c838f" contentful_id="5VrwOpEjk24ReofiPtBGGv" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Password Strength Tester" link="[object Object]"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Password Strength Tester</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/help/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="1dea1ecb-e67c-5458-ba32-dfd12b2f71f3" contentful_id="3zVRNqdxAAcE0U2WCR6wua" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Help and Documentation" link="[object Object]" href="/help/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Help and Documentation</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/learning/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="00413c63-7c3d-5f2f-bf5c-013db6c44907" contentful_id="3q87lTxow7jI4Gysi2P57O" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Learning Center" link="[object Object]" href="/learning/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Learning Center</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/contact-sales/" data-testid="cta-link" class="plausible-event-name=button+click plausible-event-button=contact+sales css-1g51eys" id="f380fcec-59dc-58f4-a729-d56cbfbbe80b" contentful_id="46JdQwXRlpAnlsNMYa3RCj" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Talk to Sales" link="[object Object]" href="/contact-sales/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Talk to Sales</span></a><a aria-label="go to https://bitwarden.com/contact/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1g51eys" id="a50c75ea-74af-5717-96a4-84cc4b9df0fd" contentful_id="6a6eltJMy4U3h270Ltc3yH" __typename="ContentfulComponentCtaLink" label="Contact Support" link="[object Object]" href="/contact/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Contact Support</span></a></div></div></nav><style data-emotion="css 11xy1ze">.css-11xy1ze{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;gap:1rem;text-wrap:balance;border-radius:1rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;}.css-11xy1ze:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(40 42 49 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}.css-11xy1ze .bw-hubspot-form-loader{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:auto;-webkit-flex:1 1 50%;-ms-flex:1 1 50%;flex:1 1 50%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;padding:1rem!important;}.css-11xy1ze .bw-hubspot-form-loader svg{height:2rem;width:2rem;}.css-11xy1ze .bw-hubspot-form{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:0px;width:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:1rem;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-11xy1ze .bw-hubspot-form{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}.css-11xy1ze .bw-hubspot-form-copy *{margin-bottom:0px;display:inline-block;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;}.css-11xy1ze .bw-hubspot-form-headline{margin-right:0.5rem;font-weight:700;}.css-11xy1ze .bw-hs-form-container{width:100%;}@media (min-width: 640px){.css-11xy1ze .bw-hs-form-container{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-11xy1ze .bw-hs-form-container{-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-11xy1ze .bw-hs-form-container{-webkit-align-self:flex-end;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-end;align-self:flex-end;}}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']){height:3rem;}.css-11xy1ze form{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:auto;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-11xy1ze form{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.css-11xy1ze form h2,.css-11xy1ze form .hs-field-desc{display:none!important;}.css-11xy1ze form .hs-input{border-radius:9999px!important;padding-left:1.25rem!important;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field{position:relative;margin-bottom:0px;width:400px;-webkit-flex:1 1 0%;-ms-flex:1 1 0%;flex:1 1 0%;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;}}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field >label{position:absolute;left:1.25rem;top:0.625rem;transform-origin:left;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));padding-left:0.25rem;padding-right:0.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));transition-property:color transform;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field >label:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(40 42 49 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field >label .hs-form-required{display:none;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field .input input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:transparent!important;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field .input input::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent!important;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field .input input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:transparent!important;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field .input input::placeholder{color:transparent!important;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field .input input:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-bg-opacity:1!important;background-color:rgb(40 42 49 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))!important;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field:has(input:focus)>label,.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field:has(input:not(:placeholder-shown))>label{--tw-translate-y:-1.4rem;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))!important;--tw-scale-x:.75!important;--tw-scale-y:.75!important;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field:has(input:focus)>label:where(.dark, .dark *),.css-11xy1ze .hs-form-field:has(input:not(:placeholder-shown))>label:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-11xy1ze input.hs-button{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.5rem;height:3rem;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));font-size:1.125rem!important;line-height:1.25rem!important;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-11xy1ze input.hs-button:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(28 30 36 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-11xy1ze input.hs-button:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1!important;background-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))!important;--tw-text-opacity:1!important;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))!important;}.css-11xy1ze input.hs-button:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1!important;background-color:rgb(40 42 49 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))!important;}.css-11xy1ze .hs-error-msgs{width:100%;list-style-type:none;white-space:pre;padding-left:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-11xy1ze .hs-error-msgs{margin-top:0px;}}.css-11xy1ze .submitted-message{text-align:right;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:700;}</style><div class="css-11xy1ze"><style data-emotion="css 16wz0wf">.css-16wz0wf{min-height:10rem;}@media print{.css-16wz0wf{display:none;}}</style><div class="bw-hubspot-form css-16wz0wf"><span class="bw-hubspot-form-copy"><h3 class="bw-hubspot-form-headline">Level up your cybersecurity knowledge.</h3><p>Subscribe to the newsletter.</p></span><style data-emotion="css 1tpazsy">.css-1tpazsy{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:2rem;}</style><div class="bw-hubspot-form-loader css-1tpazsy"><style data-emotion="css 922w1y">.css-922w1y{height:4rem;width:4rem;-webkit-animation:spin 1s linear infinite;animation:spin 1s linear infinite;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}@-webkit-keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}@keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}</style><svg class="css-922w1y" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M9.739 30.026c0.649 0 1.176-0.526 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176c0 0.65 0.527 1.176 1.176 1.176zM16.505 31.996c0.649 0 1.176-0.526 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176c0 0.65 0.527 1.176 1.176 1.176zM23.869 30.174c0.649 0 1.176-0.527 1.176-1.176s-0.527-1.176-1.176-1.176c-0.65 0-1.176 0.527-1.176 1.176s0.526 1.176 1.176 1.176zM4.863 25.762c0.765 0 1.386-0.621 1.386-1.386s-0.621-1.386-1.386-1.386c-0.765 0-1.386 0.621-1.386 1.386s0.621 1.386 1.386 1.386zM2.639 19.476c0.906 0 1.64-0.734 1.64-1.64s-0.734-1.64-1.64-1.64c-0.906 0-1.64 0.734-1.64 1.64s0.734 1.64 1.64 1.64zM4.021 12.32c1.069 0 1.936-0.867 1.936-1.936s-0.867-1.936-1.936-1.936c-1.069 0-1.936 0.867-1.936 1.936s0.867 1.936 1.936 1.936zM9.621 6.676c1.298 0 2.35-1.052 2.35-2.35s-1.052-2.35-2.35-2.35c-1.298 0-2.35 1.052-2.35 2.35s1.052 2.35 2.35 2.35zM18.813 5.324c1.469 0 2.66-1.191 2.66-2.66s-1.191-2.66-2.66-2.66c-1.469 0-2.66 1.191-2.66 2.66s1.191 2.66 2.66 2.66zM27.897 11.232c1.714 0 3.104-1.39 3.104-3.104s-1.39-3.104-3.104-3.104c-1.714 0-3.104 1.39-3.104 3.104s1.39 3.104 3.104 3.104z"></path></svg></div><div class="bw-hs-form-container" id="hsf-75d5b913-8a35-581e-a202-e3bbef35f0ba"><style data-emotion="css-global bq4vmd">.hs-form label{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form fieldset{max-width:100%!important;}.hs-form br{margin-bottom:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;--tw-content:" ";content:var(--tw-content);}.hs-form .actions .hs-button{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.hs-form .inputs-list{list-style-type:none;}.hs-form .inputs-list .hs-form-booleancheckbox-display{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;gap:0.5rem;}.hs-form .inputs-list .hs-form-booleancheckbox-display .hs-input{margin-top:0.25rem;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.hs-form .inputs-list .hs-form-booleancheckbox-display .hs-input{margin-top:0.5rem;}}.hs-form .hs-form-required{margin-left:0.25rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.1;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(239 68 68 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-form-field{margin-bottom:1rem;}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']){height:50px;width:100%;border-radius:0.25rem;border-width:1px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding:0.75rem;transition-property:border-color,box-shadow;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox'])::-webkit-input-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox'])::-moz-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']):-ms-input-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox'])::placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']):hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-border-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']):focus{outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;--tw-ring-offset-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 var(--tw-ring-offset-width) var(--tw-ring-offset-color);--tw-ring-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 calc(2px + var(--tw-ring-offset-width)) var(--tw-ring-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow, 0 0 #0000);--tw-ring-opacity:1;--tw-ring-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-ring-opacity));}@media (min-width: 1024px){.hs-form .hs-input:not([type='radio']):not([type='checkbox']){height:54px;}}.hs-form .hs-input.is-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1!important;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity))!important;}.hs-form .hs-input[type='radio']{margin-right:0.5rem;}.hs-form select.hs-input{width:100%;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:0.25rem;border-right-width:8px;border-color:transparent;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));background-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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');-webkit-background-size:40px 15px;background-size:40px 15px;-webkit-background-position:right 52%;background-position:right 52%;background-repeat:no-repeat;padding-left:0.75rem;padding-right:1.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(40 42 49 / var(--tw-text-opacity));outline-style:solid;outline-width:0px;}.hs-form select.hs-input:required:invalid{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-fieldtype-textarea{min-height:10rem!important;width:100%!important;}.hs-form .hs-error-msgs{list-style-type:none;}.hs-form .hs-error-msgs li{line-height:1.1;}.hs-form .hs-error-msgs li label{margin-left:0.25rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(239 68 68 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-button{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem;cursor:pointer;border-radius:9999px;border-style:none;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;text-align:center;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:400;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));transition-property:background-color,color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;}.hs-form .hs-button:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-button:focus{outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;--tw-ring-offset-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 var(--tw-ring-offset-width) var(--tw-ring-offset-color);--tw-ring-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset) 0 0 0 calc(2px + var(--tw-ring-offset-width)) var(--tw-ring-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow, 0 0 #0000);--tw-ring-opacity:1;--tw-ring-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-ring-opacity));}.hs-form .hs-button.large{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;}.hs-form .hs-richtext p{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .legal-consent-container p{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.1;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;list-style-type:none;}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display input.hs-input{width:0.75rem;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;border-radius:0.25rem;}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display span{margin-left:0.5rem;-webkit-flex:1 1 0%;-ms-flex:1 1 0%;flex:1 1 0%;line-height:1.1;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .legal-consent-container div.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox ul.inputs-list li.hs-form-booleancheckbox label.hs-form-booleancheckbox-display span p{line-height:1.1;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected{position:relative;margin-bottom:2rem;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .inputs-list{margin-top:0.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .inputs-list li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-form-radio-display{cursor:pointer;border-radius:0.5rem;border-width:2px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;transition-property:opacity;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-form-radio-display:hover{opacity:0.6;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-form-radio-display:has(.hs-input:checked){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));opacity:1;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-input[type='radio']{display:none;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected >label{float:left;margin-bottom:0.5rem;vertical-align:middle;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .input{clear:both;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-field-desc{position:relative;float:left;margin-left:0.5rem;display:inline-block!important;width:auto;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .hs-field-desc p{margin-bottom:0px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content{pointer-events:none;position:absolute;left:50%;top:0px;z-index:0;--tw-translate-x:-50%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));width:300px;border-radius:0.5rem;border-width:1px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding:1rem;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-text-opacity));--tw-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);--tw-shadow-colored:0 4px 6px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color),0 2px 4px -2px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow);--tw-translate-y:-0.5rem;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));opacity:0;transition-property:opacity,transform;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content:before{position:absolute;left:50%;top:-22px;box-sizing:border-box;--tw-translate-x:-50%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));--tw-content:'';content:var(--tw-content);border-width:11px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-bottom-color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-border-opacity));}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content:after{position:absolute;top:-1.25rem;left:50%;box-sizing:border-box;--tw-translate-x:-50%;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));--tw-content:'';content:var(--tw-content);border-width:10px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-bottom-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-mit-info-icon{position:relative;z-index:10;vertical-align:sub;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-mit-info-icon:after{display:inline-block;height:1rem;width:1rem;content:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);}.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-mit-info-icon:hover+.bw-hs-toolip-content,.hs-form .hs_trial_initiation_server_selected .bw-hs-toolip-content:hover{pointer-events:auto;--tw-translate-y:2.25rem;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));opacity:1;}</style></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 5of1bp">.css-5of1bp:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(110 120 129 / var(--tw-border-opacity));}</style><hr class="css-5of1bp"/><style data-emotion="css 1ezhu16">.css-1ezhu16{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;}@media not all and (min-width: 1024px){.css-1ezhu16{gap:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1ezhu16{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}@media (min-width: 1280px){.css-1ezhu16{gap:1.5rem;}}.css-1ezhu16 >p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}</style><div class="css-1ezhu16"><style data-emotion="css 1p714mp">.css-1p714mp{text-align:center;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1p714mp{text-align:left;}}.css-1p714mp >p>a:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1p714mp:where(.dark, .dark *)>p>a:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1p714mp >p>a{margin-left:0.25rem;text-decoration-line:none;}.css-1p714mp >p{margin-bottom:0px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}</style><div class="css-1p714mp"><p>© 2024 Bitwarden, Inc. <style data-emotion="css 1v5663i">.css-1v5663i{text-decoration-line:underline;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1v5663i:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(44 221 233 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1v5663i:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a class="css-1v5663i" href="/terms/">Terms</a> <a class="css-1v5663i" href="/privacy/">Privacy</a> <a href="/#osano" class="css-1v5663i">Cookie Settings</a> <a class="css-1v5663i" href="/sitemap/">Sitemap</a></p></div><style data-emotion="css k7rn5i">.css-k7rn5i{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.75rem;}@media (min-width: 1280px){.css-k7rn5i{gap:1rem;}}</style><div class="css-k7rn5i"><style data-emotion="css 1w2605s">.css-1w2605s{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}.css-1w2605s:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1w2605s:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(171 180 189 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1w2605s span{font-size:1.2rem;}@media (min-width: 1280px){.css-1w2605s span{font-size:1.4rem;}}</style><a href="https://twitter.com/bitwarden" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><style data-emotion="css 5v69cf">.css-5v69cf{font-family:bwi-font;}</style><span data-name="bwi-twitter" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://reddit.com/r/bitwarden" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-reddit" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://community.bitwarden.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-community" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://github.com/bitwarden" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-github" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCId9a_jQqvJre0_dE2lE_Rw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-youtube" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/bitwarden1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-linkedin" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/bitwarden/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-facebook" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/bitwarden/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-instagram" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://fosstodon.org/@bitwarden" target="_blank" rel="me" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-mastodon" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a><a href="https://www.twitch.tv/bitwardenlive" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="css-1w2605s"><span data-name="bwi-twitch" class="css-5v69cf"></span></a></div><div><div><style data-emotion="css iuriuk">.css-iuriuk{position:fixed;bottom:2rem;right:2rem;border-radius:2.25rem;--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));padding:1.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;--tw-shadow:0 25px 50px -12px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.25);--tw-shadow-colored:0 25px 50px -12px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow);transition-property:all;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:150ms;--tw-scale-x:0;--tw-scale-y:0;-webkit-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-moz-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));-ms-transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y));opacity:0;}</style><div class="css-iuriuk">This site is available in English.<!-- --> <style data-emotion="css x7f5a7">.css-x7f5a7{padding-top:0.5rem;}</style><div class="css-x7f5a7"><style data-emotion="css 1p80nth">.css-1p80nth{margin-right:0.5rem;--tw-text-opacity:1!important;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))!important;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1f0tyn8">.css-1f0tyn8{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:inline-block;border-radius:9999px;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;text-align:center;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));margin-right:0.5rem;--tw-text-opacity:1!important;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))!important;}.css-1f0tyn8:hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1f0tyn8:focus{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}.group:hover .css-1f0tyn8{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(26 65 172 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1f0tyn8:where(.dark, .dark *){--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(28 30 36 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}.css-1f0tyn8:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-border-opacity));background-color:transparent;--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a aria-current="page" aria-label="go to /help/kdf-algorithms/" data-testid="cta-link" class="css-1f0tyn8" href="/help/kdf-algorithms/"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Go to English</span></a><style data-emotion="css lr36n9">.css-lr36n9{transition-property:background-color,color,box-shadow,border-color;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);transition-duration:300ms;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem;display:inline-block;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}.css-lr36n9:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(2 15 102 / var(--tw-text-opacity));}</style><a href="#" aria-label="go to #" data-testid="cta-link" class=" css-lr36n9"><span class="css-s5xdrg">Stay Here<style data-emotion="css ihq8ma">.css-ihq8ma{margin-left:0.5rem;font-family:bwi-font;font-size:16px!important;}</style><span class="css-ihq8ma"></span></span></a></div></div><style data-emotion="css bjn8wh">.css-bjn8wh{position:relative;}</style><div class="css-bjn8wh"><style data-emotion="css 10nfz87">.css-10nfz87{height:2.5rem;width:auto;cursor:pointer;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:2.25rem;border-width:1px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(230 235 239 / var(--tw-border-opacity));background-color:transparent;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:2rem;outline-color:transparent;}.css-10nfz87:hover{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(207 212 218 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(243 246 249 / var(--tw-bg-opacity));}.css-10nfz87:focus-visible{border-width:1px;--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(23 93 220 / var(--tw-border-opacity));--tw-shadow:var(--tw-shadow-colored);--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 0 1px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow);--tw-shadow-color:#175ddc;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}.css-10nfz87:where(.dark, .dark *):hover{background-color:transparent;}</style><select id="footer-language" class="css-10nfz87"><option value="en-us" style="background-color:indigoBlue" selected="">English</option><option value="de-de" style="background-color:indigoBlue">Deutsch</option><option value="es-la" style="background-color:indigoBlue">Español</option><option value="fr-fr" style="background-color:indigoBlue">Français</option><option value="ja-jp" style="background-color:indigoBlue">日本語</option><option value="nl-nl" style="background-color:indigoBlue">Nederlands</option></select><style data-emotion="css jf24xy">.css-jf24xy{pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:1rem;top:0px;display:block;font-family:bwi-font;font-size:0.625rem;line-height:2.5rem;}</style><span class="css-jf24xy"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer></div><div id="gatsby-announcer" style="position:absolute;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div></div><script id="gatsby-script-loader">/*<![CDATA[*/window.pagePath="/help/kdf-algorithms/";/*]]>*/</script><!-- slice-start id="_gatsby-scripts-1" --> <script id="gatsby-chunk-mapping" > window.___chunkMapping="{\"polyfill\":[\"/polyfill-e8af0db43841b98310c5.js\"],\"app\":[\"/app-833bf136021c48fb0759.js\"],\"component---src-pages-404-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-404-tsx-2c717ba9618b187617d3.js\"],\"component---src-pages-blog-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-blog-tsx-30edb1e7178a92c351fe.js\"],\"component---src-pages-bw-tools-blog-og-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-bw-tools-blog-og-tsx-7ea16473a5a5c351c26b.js\"],\"component---src-pages-bw-tools-help-og-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-bw-tools-help-og-tsx-ed67f9591155125697a5.js\"],\"component---src-pages-bw-tools-sales-quote-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-bw-tools-sales-quote-tsx-357eb8dc1f4144f3f285.js\"],\"component---src-pages-contact-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-contact-tsx-a19c300e1e84d6077140.js\"],\"component---src-pages-data-security-in-age-of-ai-index-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-data-security-in-age-of-ai-index-tsx-8bbf2957e7364cc39857.js\"],\"component---src-pages-events-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-events-tsx-2e5260eeaf1f19503203.js\"],\"component---src-pages-help-index-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-help-index-tsx-f84829457b88bd616f82.js\"],\"component---src-pages-learning-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-learning-tsx-44950b3cc5de26949ff9.js\"],\"component---src-pages-newsfeed-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-newsfeed-tsx-43af87853c9870fa4d24.js\"],\"component---src-pages-passphrase-strength-game-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-passphrase-strength-game-tsx-faea48066fdc1b9327ce.js\"],\"component---src-pages-preview-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-preview-tsx-d7e9c27a7e6d2115c12d.js\"],\"component---src-pages-search-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-search-tsx-5bbe77285c5947a6e138.js\"],\"component---src-pages-sitemap-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-sitemap-tsx-76bccb13857ed03a5392.js\"],\"component---src-pages-tips-tsx\":[\"/component---src-pages-tips-tsx-f5bec29223cbb6dad139.js\"],\"component---src-templates-blog-page-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-blog-page-tsx-314379adad4bcffeb86d.js\"],\"component---src-templates-careers-post-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-careers-post-tsx-b353b8eadbf3b94e381a.js\"],\"component---src-templates-event-page-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-event-page-tsx-91efe2f8c0560422dbee.js\"],\"component---src-templates-help-article-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-help-article-tsx-b9a38c343faa9704d518.js\"],\"component---src-templates-landing-page-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-landing-page-tsx-4b5a177ebd4e0ffe9baa.js\"],\"component---src-templates-learning-page-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-learning-page-tsx-d3969ac0f2128b64ee6b.js\"],\"component---src-templates-presentation-post-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-presentation-post-tsx-42d5ce3ecfdb1a444b6a.js\"],\"component---src-templates-redirect-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-redirect-tsx-d056147f762525a15278.js\"],\"component---src-templates-resources-gated-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-resources-gated-tsx-b85d68997a23ef1af5f2.js\"],\"component---src-templates-resources-list-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-resources-list-tsx-32781ed7691b69dcdc88.js\"],\"component---src-templates-resources-new-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-resources-new-tsx-42bc6ed4fad4b0395a6a.js\"],\"component---src-templates-resources-video-page-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-resources-video-page-tsx-da1c3bf8946e56dbedc4.js\"],\"component---src-templates-swagger-api-tsx\":[\"/component---src-templates-swagger-api-tsx-0c6d875f85ef0e405ff7.js\"]}"; </script> <script>window.___webpackCompilationHash="612c690c75cdc278e79a";</script><script src="/webpack-runtime-f9a9fa0a08a9a903f209.js" nomodule></script><script src="/polyfill-e8af0db43841b98310c5.js" nomodule></script><script src="/webpack-runtime-f9a9fa0a08a9a903f209.js" async></script><script src="/framework-4d871544ffbb6d39e2ac.js" async></script><script src="/78c2515a-ccb1d28ccbbbdba9369d.js" async></script><script src="/c9cbcf99-2eb52476332934b01858.js" async></script><script src="/app-833bf136021c48fb0759.js" async></script><!-- slice-end id="_gatsby-scripts-1" --></body></html>