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There are typically vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes for all five states. Additionally, all regions have typical main dishes, snacks, light meals, desserts, and drinks that are well known in their respective region.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Regional cuisines of South Indian include: *[[Andhra cuisine]] *[[Telangana cuisine]] *[[Tamil cuisine|Tamil Nadu cuisine]] *[[Karnataka cuisine]] *[[Kerala cuisine]] *[[Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep cuisine]] There are also several regional sub-types of cuisine within these states. Among notable sub-types of regional cuisine include; [[Udupi cuisine]], [[Chettinad cuisine]], [[Hyderabadi cuisine]], [[Thalassery cuisine]], [[Mangalorean Catholic cuisine]]. South Indian cuisine shares numerous similarities with the cuisines of [[Sri Lankan cuisine|Sri Lanka]] and the [[Maldivian cuisine|Maldives]] due to a similar geographic location and culture. ==Early culinary texts== {{Main article|Sangam literature|Indian cookbooks}} According to culinary historians [[K. T. Achaya]] and Ammini Ramachandran, the ancient [[Sangam literature]] dated from 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE offers early references to food and recipes during Sangam era, whether it's a feast at king's palace, meals in towns and countryside, at hamlets in forests, pilgrimage and the rest-houses during travels. It describes cuisine of various landscapes and people who reside there, how they prepared food and what they served their guests in details.<ref>{{cite book|author=K.T. Achaya| author-link=K. T. Achaya| title=The Story of Our Food |year=2003| publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7371-293-7|page=12}}</ref> Poet Avvaiyar for example describes her hearty summer lunch as ''"steamed rice, smoked and mashed aubergine and tangy frothy buttermilk"'', while poet named Mudathama Kanniyar describes ''"Skewered goat meat, crispy fried vegetables, rice and over 16 varieties of dishes"'' as part of the royal lunch he was treated to in the palace of the [[Chola Empire|Chola]] king.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shrikumar |first=A. |date=2018-05-31 |title=Sangam Literature offers abundant references to food in the Tamil country |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/sangam-literature-offers-abundant-references-to-food-in-the-tamil-country/article24046748.ece |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=The Hindu|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Sangam literature also offers references to food being eaten on several different types of [[Patravali|leaf]] platters and [[thali]]s with several bowls. Sangam period archeological sites like Tirunelveli has uncovered notable household [[bronze]]ware utensils including ''"ornamental vase stands, bowls, jars and cups of different patterns with ornamental bowl lids"'' which were likely used for thali presentation as described in Sangam texts.<ref>The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. Copper in Ancient India by Panchanan Neogi 1918, pages 29 and 33 http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/917/1/THE%20INDIAN%20ASSOCIATION%20FOR%20THE%20CULTIVATION%20OF%20SCIENCE%20COPPER%20IN%20ANCIENT%20INDIA_P%20NEOGI_IACS_1.pdf</ref><ref>''"Tamilar unavu : Food habits of the ancient Tamils, as represented in Sangam literature"'' by CE Namacivayam (1981), page 39</ref> Several notable [[Indian cookbooks]] were written in southern India during medieval period, these include ''Lokopakara'' (1025 CE), ''Manasollasa'' (1130 CE), ''Soopa Shastra'' (1508 CE), ''Bhojana Kutuhala'' (1675 CE), ''Sivatattva Ratnakara'' (1699 CE), among others. These cookbooks contains both vegetarian and non-vegetarian cuisines, with exception of Soopa Shastra which is a Jain vegetarian cookbook.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Ammini |title=Articles in treasures from the past|url=https://peppertrail.com/articles-in-treasures-from-the-past/|access-date=2 March 2023 |publisher=Peppertrail |date=2 March 2023}}</ref> ==Maritime trade== {{Main article|Indian Ocean trade}} Indian Ocean trade played important role in spread of Indian spices to western world during classical era. [[Black pepper]] is native to the [[Malabar Coast]] of India, and the [[Malabar pepper]] is extensively cultivated there. During classical era, spices like [[black pepper]], [[cinnamon]], [[cardamom]] and fragrant woods like [[sandalwood]] and [[agarwood]] were part of [[Indo-Roman trade relations|Indo-Roman trade]] network from the ancient port of [[Muziris]] in the [[Malabar coast|southwestern coast of India]].<ref name="Menon57">{{cite book|author=A Sreedhara Menon|title=A Survey of Kerala History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C&pg=PA57|access-date=10 October 2012|year=2007|publisher=DC Books|isbn=978-81-264-1578-6|pages=57–58}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6jF4Q5jQWboC&pg=PA392 ''Faces of Goa: a journey through the history and cultural revolution of Goa and other communities influenced by the Portuguese''] By Karin Larsen (p. 392)</ref> During [[Middle Age]]s prior to the [[Age of Discovery]] which began with the end of the 15th century CE, the kingdom of [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] (Kozhikode) on [[Malabar Coast]] was the centre of Indian [[black pepper|pepper]] exports to the [[Red Sea]] and [[Europe]] at this time with [[Arab]] traders being particularly active.<ref name="Diffie">''Foundations of the Portuguese empire, hi lo millo1415–1580'' Bailey Wallys Diffie p.234''ff'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZtMBLJ7GgC&pg=PA236]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-24 |title=Deep history of coconuts decoded |url=https://source.wustl.edu/2011/06/deep-history-of-coconuts-decoded/ |access-date=2019-12-19 |publisher=[[Washington University in St. Louis]]}}</ref> [[Tomatoes]] and [[chili pepper]]s were introduced by Portuguese and "English Vegetables" ([[cabbage]], [[cauliflower]], [[turnip]] etc.) as they were at one time termed, became part of local cuisine by late 1800s.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZxBAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22English+vegetables%22+in+India+tomato+potato&pg=PA350|title=Hand-book of Indian Agriculture|last=Mukerji|first=Nitya Gopal|date=1901|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Company}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Lunch at saravan bhavan.jpg|Vegetarian south Indian meal served on banana leaf File:South Indian non-veg Meals.jpg|Non-vegetarian south Indian bhojanam thali File:South Indian Thali at 1.56.30 PM.jpg|South Indian meal served in traditional bronzeware thali File:South Indian thali-Saravana bhawan-New Delhi-6.jpg|South Indian thali served in restaurant File:South Indian food cuisine.jpg|South Indian meal served on banana leaf File:An ideal South Indian Thali.jpg|South Indian thali, rice is staple in south India. File:'1' Thali Indian Food.jpg|South Indian thali with side-dishes for rice File:Onam Sadya.png|South Indian meal served on banana leaf File:Idli sambar.JPG|Idli and sambar, a typical south Indian breakfast dish. File:Mantharai Ilai 1.jpg|South Indian meal served on dried mantharai [[patravali|ilai]] File:Andhra-Telangana Thali served in restraunt, India.jpg|Non-vegetarian Andhra-Telangana thali in restaurant. File:Masala dosa 01.jpg|Dosa, a typical south Indian breakfast dish. </gallery> ==See also== * [[Telugu cuisine]] * [[Tamil cuisine]] * [[Chettinad cuisine]] * [[Udupi cuisine]] * [[Saraswat cuisine]] * [[Mangalorean Catholic cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of Kerala]] * [[Bihari cuisine|Bihari Cuisine]] * [[North Indian cuisine|North Indian Cuisine]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Indian Dishes}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:South Indian cuisine| ]] [[Category:South India|cuisine]] [[Category:Culture of South India|Cuisine]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox" title="Template:Ambox">Template:Ambox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ambox&action=edit" title="Template:Ambox">view source</a>) 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