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href="http://dbpedia.org">dbpedia.org</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row pt-2"> <div class="col-xs-9 col-sm-10"> The Kāpālika tradition was a Tantric, non-Puranic form of Shaivism which originated in Medieval India between the 7th and 8th century CE. The word is derived from the Sanskrit term kapāla, meaning "skull", and kāpālika means the "skull-men". </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-sm-2"> <a href="#" class="thumbnail"> <img src="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Development_of_Shaivism.svg?width=300" alt="thumbnail" class="img-fluid" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <section> <div class="container-xl"> <div class="row"> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-hover table-sm table-light"> <thead> <tr> <th class="col-xs-3 ">Property</th> <th class="col-xs-9 px-3">Value</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract">dbo:abstract</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li style="display:none;">Kapalika (Sanskrit kāpālika, Hindi kāpālik, कापालिक) oder Kapalin war eine tantrische Sekte des hinduistischen Shivaismus. Die Kapalikas waren Asketen, die eine Schädelschale (Sanskrit kāpāla) und einen mit einem Schädel besetzten Stab bei sich trugen. Über die Kapalikas ist wenig bekannt, nachzuweisen sind sie aufgrund von zahlreichen Erwähnungen in der Literatur, religiösen Schriften und Inschriften. So werden sie z. B. bei Ramanuja und Yamuna erwähnt, in der Hagiographie Shankaras oder im Der Schädelkult der Kapalikas bezieht sich auf einen Mythos, in dem Shiva dem Gott Brahma den mittleren seiner fünf Köpfe abschlägt und zur Sühne als Asket herumwandert, mit dem Kopf Brahmas als Almosenschale. Nach einer anderen Erzählung beleidigte Brahma Shiva, worauf letzterer den zornigen Bhairavan erschuf, der Brahmas Kopf abschlug. Shiva in seiner niedrigen Gestalt als Bhairavan musste daraufhin als bettelnder Kapilaka herumziehen. Dies ist die übliche Version, die im Ritualtheater Teyyam in Kerala aufgeführt wird. Die Lehren der Kapalikas werden auch Somasiddhanta genannt, was sich auf die sexuelle Vereinigung von Shiva und Uma bezieht. Möglicherweise besteht hier ein Bezug zu späteren tantrischen Lehren, in denen eine solche sexuelle Symbolik auch erscheint. Der bengalische Schriftsteller Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay schildert in dem 1866 (deutsch 1886) erschienenen Roman Kapalkundala vor dem Hintergrund des Kapalika-Kults und der Kali-Verehrung das Schicksal einer jungen Frau, die in einem abgelegenen Wald von einem Kapalik erzogen wird, und ihre tragisch endende Liebesgeschichte. (de)</li> <li>The Kāpālika tradition was a Tantric, non-Puranic form of Shaivism which originated in Medieval India between the 7th and 8th century CE. The word is derived from the Sanskrit term kapāla, meaning "skull", and kāpālika means the "skull-men". (en)</li> <li style="display:none;">La tradición Kāpālika era una forma no puránica de Shaivismo en la India. La palabra Kāpālikas se deriva de kapāla que significa "cráneo", y Kāpālikas significa "hombres-calavera". El Kāpālikas tradicionalmente llevaba un tridente con el cráneo tapado (khatvanga) y un cráneo vacío como cuenco para mendigar. Otros atributos asociados con Kāpālikas eran que untaban su cuerpo con cenizas de la tierra de cremación, reverenciando la feroz forma Bhairava de Shiva, con sangre, carne, alcohol y fluidos sexuales. Según David Lorenzen, hay una escasez de fuentes primarias sobre los kapalikas, y la información histórica sobre ellos está disponible en obras de ficción y otras tradiciones que los menosprecian. Varios textos indios afirman que la Kāpālika bebía licor libremente, tanto para el ritual como por costumbre. El peregrino chino a la India en el siglo VII, Hsuan Tsang, en sus memorias sobre lo que ahora es el noroeste de Pakistán, escribió sobre budistas que viven con ascetas desnudos que se cubren de cenizas y llevan coronas de huesos en la cabeza, pero Hsuan Tsang no los llama Kapalikas ni ningún otro nombre en particular. Los eruditos han interpretado a estos ascetas como Digambara Jains, Pashupatas y Kapalikas. Los Kāpālikas eran más bien una orden monástica, afirma Lorenzen, y no una secta con una doctrina textual. La tradición de Kāpālika dio origen al , una categoría de Shaivismo tántrico que conserva algunos de los rasgos distintivos de la tradición de Kāpālika. Algunas de las prácticas de Shaiva se encuentran en el budismo Vajrayana, y los eruditos no están de acuerdo en quién influyó en quién. (es)</li> <li style="display:none;">Kapalika (sanskrit IAST kāpālika : portant un crâne humain, kapāla, comme bol de mendicité) est un terme qui désigne les ascètes shivaïtes errants qui réalisent des pratiques extrêmes et vivent en partie sur des lieux de crémation. Leur nom vient du fait qu'ils portent des colliers de crânes humains ou en utilisent comme bol à aumône. Ils apparaissent dans la littérature dès le VIe siècle. L'origine de ce courant remonterait aux premiers siècles de notre ère dans le sud de l'Inde. Il semble se continuer de nos jours dans le courant Aghori. (fr)</li> <li style="display:none;">La meditazione kapalika e stata creata da 7000 anni fa e una meditazione speciale che possono fare gli ācārya, avadhūta o molto speciali. Essa è stata ripresa da Shrii Shrii Anandamurti maestro spirituale e di Ananda Marga. (it)</li> <li style="display:none;">Kapalikowie (nosiciele czaszek) – jedna ze szkół śiwaizmu. Zbliżona do ugrupowania aghorich, którzy byli ich następcami, kapalikowie są jednak o wiele starszą i bardziej rozpowszechnioną grupą ascetyczną. Obecnie grupa ta już nie istnieje, przetrwały jednak w śiwaizmie pewne ślady jej wierzeń. Ustalenie obiektywnych i wiarygodnych faktów na temat kapalików jest bardzo trudne, gdyż większość istniejących informacji pochodzi ze źródeł ich przeciwników. Mircea Eliade uznaje działalność kapalików za przejaw degradacji systemu duchowego na skutek niezrozumienia symboliki, jaką kapalikowie (i aghori) się posługiwali. Symbolem, który uległ tej degradacji, jest śmāśana (cmentarz) i siedzenie na zwłokach jako symbol ascezy i medytacji, które kapalikowie potraktowali dosłownie i materialnie. (pl)</li> <li style="display:none;">Капали́ка (капалики; санскр. कापालिक, IAST: kāpālika, — «носящие череп», IAST: kapālikêva) — древняя тантрическая шиваистская секта в индуизме. Современные исследователи относят секту к течению пашупатизма. Представители этой секты называются капаликами и являются в основном отшельниками либо странствующими монахами-аскетами. Другое название этой секты, приносившей некогда человеческие жертвы, — карари или керари. Секта капаликов существует и по сей день и широко распространена в Индии и Непале. Капалики относятся к садху (святым людям) и почитаются в обществе. (ru)</li> <li style="display:none;">嘎巴利卡（Kāpālika）屬於密宗，是一個印度的非往世書式苦行濕婆教派。 Kāpālika這個詞来源于嘎巴拉（kapala，头骨之意），意思是“骷髅人”。該教派崇拜湿婆，传统上會携带一个頂端綴有頭骨的三叉戟（khatvanga）和一个中空的头骨作为乞讨缽。他们會通过模仿陪驢的行为和特征以崇拜祂，包括用火化場的骨灰塗抹自己的身體，將頭髮留長、綁髒辮，并用血、肉、酒和性狂欢进行仪式。 (zh)</li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="even"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail">dbo:thumbnail</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li><a class="uri" rel="dbo:thumbnail" resource="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Development_of_Shaivism.svg?width=300" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Development_of_Shaivism.svg?width=300">wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Development_of_Shaivism.svg?width=300</a></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="odd"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID">dbo:wikiPageID</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li>3516014 (xsd:integer)</li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="even"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" 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between the 7th and 8th century CE. The word is derived from the Sanskrit term kapāla, meaning "skull", and kāpālika means the "skull-men". (en)</li> <li style="display:none;">Kapalika (sanskrit IAST kāpālika : portant un crâne humain, kapāla, comme bol de mendicité) est un terme qui désigne les ascètes shivaïtes errants qui réalisent des pratiques extrêmes et vivent en partie sur des lieux de crémation. Leur nom vient du fait qu'ils portent des colliers de crânes humains ou en utilisent comme bol à aumône. Ils apparaissent dans la littérature dès le VIe siècle. L'origine de ce courant remonterait aux premiers siècles de notre ère dans le sud de l'Inde. Il semble se continuer de nos jours dans le courant Aghori. (fr)</li> <li style="display:none;">La meditazione kapalika e stata creata da 7000 anni fa e una meditazione speciale che possono fare gli ācārya, avadhūta o molto speciali. Essa è stata ripresa da Shrii Shrii Anandamurti maestro spirituale e di Ananda Marga. (it)</li> <li style="display:none;">Капали́ка (капалики; санскр. कापालिक, IAST: kāpālika, — «носящие череп», IAST: kapālikêva) — древняя тантрическая шиваистская секта в индуизме. Современные исследователи относят секту к течению пашупатизма. Представители этой секты называются капаликами и являются в основном отшельниками либо странствующими монахами-аскетами. Другое название этой секты, приносившей некогда человеческие жертвы, — карари или керари. Секта капаликов существует и по сей день и широко распространена в Индии и Непале. Капалики относятся к садху (святым людям) и почитаются в обществе. (ru)</li> <li style="display:none;">嘎巴利卡（Kāpālika）屬於密宗，是一個印度的非往世書式苦行濕婆教派。 Kāpālika這個詞来源于嘎巴拉（kapala，头骨之意），意思是“骷髅人”。該教派崇拜湿婆，传统上會携带一个頂端綴有頭骨的三叉戟（khatvanga）和一个中空的头骨作为乞讨缽。他们會通过模仿陪驢的行为和特征以崇拜祂，包括用火化場的骨灰塗抹自己的身體，將頭髮留長、綁髒辮，并用血、肉、酒和性狂欢进行仪式。 (zh)</li> <li style="display:none;">Kapalika (Sanskrit kāpālika, Hindi kāpālik, कापालिक) oder Kapalin war eine tantrische Sekte des hinduistischen Shivaismus. Die Kapalikas waren Asketen, die eine Schädelschale (Sanskrit kāpāla) und einen mit einem Schädel besetzten Stab bei sich trugen. Über die Kapalikas ist wenig bekannt, nachzuweisen sind sie aufgrund von zahlreichen Erwähnungen in der Literatur, religiösen Schriften und Inschriften. So werden sie z. B. bei Ramanuja und Yamuna erwähnt, in der Hagiographie Shankaras oder im (de)</li> <li style="display:none;">La tradición Kāpālika era una forma no puránica de Shaivismo en la India. La palabra Kāpālikas se deriva de kapāla que significa "cráneo", y Kāpālikas significa "hombres-calavera". El Kāpālikas tradicionalmente llevaba un tridente con el cráneo tapado (khatvanga) y un cráneo vacío como cuenco para mendigar. Otros atributos asociados con Kāpālikas eran que untaban su cuerpo con cenizas de la tierra de cremación, reverenciando la feroz forma Bhairava de Shiva, con sangre, carne, alcohol y fluidos sexuales. (es)</li> <li style="display:none;">Kapalikowie (nosiciele czaszek) – jedna ze szkół śiwaizmu. Zbliżona do ugrupowania aghorich, którzy byli ich następcami, kapalikowie są jednak o wiele starszą i bardziej rozpowszechnioną grupą ascetyczną. Obecnie grupa ta już nie istnieje, przetrwały jednak w śiwaizmie pewne ślady jej wierzeń. Ustalenie obiektywnych i wiarygodnych faktów na temat kapalików jest bardzo trudne, gdyż większość istniejących informacji pochodzi ze źródeł ich przeciwników. 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