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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-GB" class="no-js"><head><meta charSet="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title data-rh="true">The horrors of Yemen's spiralling cholera crisis - BBC News</title><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Yemen cholera epidemic: 'I have never seen such suffering'"/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#FFFFFF"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/bbcnews"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:admins" content="100004154058350"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:app_id" content="1609039196070050"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Yemen cholera epidemic: 'I have never seen such suffering'"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/branded_news/FF13/production/_96599256_mediaitem96599255.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:alt" content="A cholera-infected Yemeni child receives 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(max-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2u16sf-GlobalNavigationContent{padding:0 0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;padding:0;margin-top:-0.25rem;width:100%;}.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink:hover 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18.75rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:100%;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-right:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{padding-right:0;}}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList >li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;min-width:2.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;text-align:left;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-5fw2ee-AccountComponentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;min-width:inherit;width:inherit;}.ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;}html.no-js 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(min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-82dxfl-Skeleton-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderText{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border-radius:5%;height:0.875rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:1.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;margin-right:0.3125rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0071F1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.625rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}html.no-js .ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:inherit;margin-right:0;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:8.5rem;text-align:left;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:2rem;height:2rem;vertical-align:-0.6875rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;vertical-align:-0.5625rem;}}.ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;fill:currentcolor;}.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(8){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 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1);}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct#more-menu-button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:3rem;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus 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active){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media ( min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#E6E8EA;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}}.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;color:#000000;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media ( min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li{padding-right:1.25rem;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#141414;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#482878;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1ejv6c9-CloseButtonWrapper{margin-top:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' 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(text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink .esxl4sy2{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;-webkit-transition:text-decoration 0.2s;transition:text-decoration 0.2s;}}.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:hover,.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:focus,.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:active{cursor:pointer;background:#0051AD;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD;}.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:hover .esxl4sy2,.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:focus .esxl4sy2,.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:active .esxl4sy2{border-bottom:2px solid currentcolor;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:hover .esxl4sy2,.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:focus .esxl4sy2,.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:active .esxl4sy2{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;}}.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:0.125rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD,0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline-offset:calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem);}.ssrcss-1hfawy1-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;min-width:1.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}.ssrcss-12njlvq-ProductNavigationContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;position:relative;}.ssrcss-1fa1ju1-Masthead{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}.ssrcss-12x0ma7-ContentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-kpltdl-LogoWrapper{margin:0.25rem 0;}.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:auto;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none),(-ms-high-contrast: active){.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{width:100%;}}.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{display:block;padding:calc(0.75rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.625rem;fill:currentcolor;max-width:10rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(0.875rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.75rem;max-width:15.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(1rem - 0.25rem) 0;max-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-as2ggt-Navigation{border-top:0.0625rem solid #DB7F7F;}}html.no-js .ssrcss-wlpshj-MainNavBarContainer{border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;}.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer .e14xdrat1 .eis6szr3:not(:last-of-type) .eis6szr2 .eis6szr1{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:0.0625rem;border-right-color:#DB7F7F;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{position:absolute;right:0.5rem;top:0.25rem;background-color:transparent;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{top:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591{border:0.0625rem solid;border-color:#DB7F7F;}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:hover,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:focus,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:active{color:#141414;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-color:transparent;}.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;padding:0.5rem;cursor:pointer;color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#B80000;border:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.75rem;}}}.ssrcss-1m4972l-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-right:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:block;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{margin-left:-0.5rem;margin-right:-0.5rem;padding:0.5rem 0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{background-color:transparent;display:block;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{overflow-x:scroll;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;-ms-overflow-style:-ms-autohiding-scrollbar;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}}}.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative;left:-0.5rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}}.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #8A8C8E;position:relative;break-inside:avoid;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.25rem 0 0.25rem 0.5rem;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{min-height:2.75rem;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus{background-color:#E6E8EA;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 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class="ssrcss-1ki8hfp-StyledZone e1mcntqj3"><main id="main-content" data-testid="main-content"><article class="ssrcss-15tkd6i-ArticleWrapper e1nh2i2l3"><header data-component="legacy-header-block" class="ssrcss-15i1622"><h1 id="main-heading" type="headline" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading e10rt3ze0">The horrors of Yemen's spiralling cholera crisis</h1><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2017-06-24T23:24:51.000Z"><span data-testid="time-and-date:clock" class="ssrcss-1mh4yp1-IconContainer e4wm5bw0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" 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https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Heba, a one-year-old girl, received treatment for cholera at a treatment centre in Sanaa (20 June 2017)" loading="eager" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9B13/production/_96599693_mediaitem96599692.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>ICRC Yemen</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The spread of cholera in Yemen is accelerating, the ICRC says</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1hbb5i-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e8mq1e917"><div class="ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer e8mq1e916"><div class="ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails e8mq1e913"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e8mq1e96">By Johannes Bruwer</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e8mq1e910">International Committee of the Red Cross</div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e8mq1e915"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">Children dying in hospital hallways. Four sick people crammed into one bed. Patients connected to intravenous drips while sitting in their cars because the hospital is over capacity. </b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Welcome to the Yemeni healthcare system in 2017. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The bizarre and haunting scenes I have witnessed recently in the capital, Sanaa, are the consequences of a health catastrophe spiralling out of control. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In a country where vital infrastructure is devastated by a brutal and ongoing war, the toll of this cholera outbreak grows by the thousands every day. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1b5y2ub-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Cholera-infected Yemenis receive treatment at a hospital in Sanaa, Yemen (14 June 2017)" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/7B6F/production/_96599513_mediaitem96599512.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Cholera has affected around 268 districts in 20 provinces across the country</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Despite the sickness, the hospitals do not smell of vomit and diarrhoea. Instead, they smell of body odour - a testament to the overcrowding in many of these facilities.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Packed rooms and hallways are quiet. Patients look at us, with no expression. Parents hold the hands of their children, some of whose eyes roll into the back of their heads. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><div class="ssrcss-1x9m6ni-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0"><ul role="list"><li><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="/news/world-middle-east-34011187" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Yemen conflict: How bad is the humanitarian crisis?</a></p></li><li><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="/news/world-middle-east-37512887" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Inside the fight to save Yemen's health system</a></p></li><li><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="/news/world-middle-east-29319423" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Yemen crisis: Who is fighting whom?</a></p></li></ul></div></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Overburdened medical staff do what they can but often do not have enough supplies or knowledge - two reasons cholera has spread so fast. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The cholera outbreak has infected more than 200,000 people across Yemen, and it appears that 500,000 could eventually become sick. More than 1,300 people have already died. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1b5y2ub-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A Yemeni doctor inspects children suspected of being infected with cholera at a hospital in Sanaa, Yemen (15 January 2017)" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Yemen's health ministry and the United Nations have given advice on how to prevent cholera</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The disease should not be so ferocious. Preventing cholera is pretty simple in theory: wash your hands with clean water, drink clean water, and eat food that has been boiled or cooked. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But clean water in Yemen is a luxury. Municipal workers in Sanaa have not been paid in months. And so we have no electricity, rubbish piling high in the street, and a crippled water system.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The sewer system stopped working on 17 April. Ten days later, cholera hit.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1b5y2ub-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-12jfuxk-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Women walk past a pile of rubbish in Sanaa, Yemen, during a strike by bin men (8 May 2017)" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 976w" width="976" height="650" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Poor sanitation and the lack of safe drinking water made the population more susceptible</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A massive response is needed, and not nearly enough international attention is being paid to what is going on here.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Yemen was until relatively recently a functional country. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Sitting on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, it has always had its shortcomings, but the education and health systems were working. Clean water and electricity ran 24 hours a day. Rubbish was collected. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In an astonishingly short period of time, though, those pillars of a healthy society crumbled, beginning with the Arab Spring and accelerating during today's full-blown war. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Violence is now part of life; I hear air strikes even as I write this. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1b5y2ub-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-12jfuxk-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Yemenis inspect destroyed houses after an alleged Saudi-led coalition air strike targeted a district in Sanaa, Yemen (9 June 2017)" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 976w" width="976" height="650" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Two years of conflict have devastated Yemen and left 18 million people in need of aid</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Hospital systems have collapsed, with medical staff no longer paid. The staff who remain are overwhelmed. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">My organisation, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), is currently providing care to nearly one in five cholera cases in the country - the biggest single provider of case management and infection control. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The ICRC has flown in five charter planes carrying large quantities of chlorine, IV fluids and other medical supplies in recent days. ICRC health staff and engineers are supporting 17 cholera treatment facilities around the country. We are improving hygiene and sanitation conditions, and raising cholera awareness among the general public.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1b5y2ub-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-12jfuxk-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Medical supplies arrive in Sanaa on a plane chartered by the International Committee of the Red Cross (14 June 2017)" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 976w" width="976" height="650" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Alexandre Faite/ICRC</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The ICRC has flown medical supplies to Yemen to help deal with the outbreak</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">We provide what we can, where we can. But even with similar work being done by M茅decins Sans Fronti猫res (MSF) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), there are simply too many people in need. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">We are impressed with the Yemeni ministry of health staff, who work day and night without pay or protection, exposing themselves and their families to sickness. The dedication is beyond commendable. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">To help motivate - or say thank-you - the ICRC gave a modest Eid al-Fitr bonus at the end of Ramadan. But we know it is not enough. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1b5y2ub-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Yemenis fill jerry cans with safe drinking water from a donated water pipe in Sanaa, Yemen (20 May 2017)" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">More than 14 million people lack access to safe drinking water or sanitation</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">This is my third mission to Yemen. I love the country. There is nowhere on earth like this anymore. It is complex and fascinating, the Arabia I once dreamed about visiting. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But this mission to Yemen has been less dream, more nightmare. I think the vacant stares in the eyes of children - and their parents - may well haunt me 10 years from now. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Yemen now suffers three-way tragedy: a population under siege, suffering the violence of war and unable to work or access nutritious food or health care; an economic collapse that has led to a rise in criminality; and now a devastating health crisis. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">This all leads to what could be the largest cholera outbreak of our lifetime. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1b5y2ub-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A Yemeni child suspected of being infected with cholera receives treatment inside a tent at a hospital in Sanaa, Yemen (15 June 2017)" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">More than half of all health facilities in Yemen are closed or partially functioning</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">I have worked with the ICRC for 11 years, but this is the first time I have seen this kind of suffering. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Yemenis' remaining resilience will be sapped. But even if a miracle materialises and the cholera crisis disappears tomorrow, the ongoing war remains. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The people here will still not find the nutrition they need. And the country will be in much worse shape than before.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The deadly imprint of cholera will continue to grow, and its effects will cripple this fragile, war-weary society far into the future. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="https://twitter.com/johannesbruwer1?lang=en" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Johannes Bruwer<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, <!-- -->external</span></a><i class="ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2"> is the deputy head of delegation for the International Committee of the Red Cross in Sanaa, Yemen. </i></p></div></div><div data-component="links-block" class="ssrcss-5i1hhv-LinksComponentWrapper e3eyuya0"><section class="ssrcss-msolhr-LinksWrapper e3eyuya5"><div class="ssrcss-1lqqmgw-LinksHeadingWrapper e3eyuya4"><h2 type="normal" class="ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading e10rt3ze0">More on this story</h2></div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ypkflt-EndOfContentLinksGrid e3eyuya2"><li class="ssrcss-547yr3-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1m4lri3-PromoSwitchLayoutAtBreakpoints et5qctl0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/world-middle-east-34011187" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Yemen's humanitarian catastrophe</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span 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Four sick people crammed into one bed. Patients connected to intravenous drips while sitting in their cars because the hospital is over capacity. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Children dying in hospital hallways. Four sick people crammed into one bed. 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Instead, they smell of body odour - a testament to the overcrowding in many of these facilities.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Despite the sickness, the hospitals do not smell of vomit and diarrhoea. Instead, they smell of body odour - a testament to the overcrowding in many of these facilities.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Packed rooms and hallways are quiet. Patients look at us, with no expression. Parents hold the hands of their children, some of whose eyes roll into the back of their heads. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Packed rooms and hallways are quiet. Patients look at us, with no expression. 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More than 1,300 people have already died. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The cholera outbreak has infected more than 200,000 people across Yemen, and it appears that 500,000 could eventually become sick. More than 1,300 people have already died. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yemen's health ministry and the United Nations have given advice on how to prevent cholera\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yemen's health ministry and the United Nations have given advice on how to prevent cholera\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A Yemeni doctor inspects children suspected of being infected with cholera at a hospital in Sanaa, Yemen (15 January 2017)\",\"copyright\":\"EPA\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/C5A7/production/_96599505_mediaitem96599504.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The disease should not be so ferocious. Preventing cholera is pretty simple in theory: wash your hands with clean water, drink clean water, and eat food that has been boiled or cooked. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The disease should not be so ferocious. Preventing cholera is pretty simple in theory: wash your hands with clean water, drink clean water, and eat food that has been boiled or cooked. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But clean water in Yemen is a luxury. Municipal workers in Sanaa have not been paid in months. And so we have no electricity, rubbish piling high in the street, and a crippled water system.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But clean water in Yemen is a luxury. Municipal workers in Sanaa have not been paid in months. And so we have no electricity, rubbish piling high in the street, and a crippled water system.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The sewer system stopped working on 17 April. Ten days later, cholera hit.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The sewer system stopped working on 17 April. Ten days later, cholera hit.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Poor sanitation and the lack of safe drinking water made the population more susceptible\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Poor sanitation and the lack of safe drinking water made the population more susceptible\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Women walk past a pile of rubbish in Sanaa, Yemen, during a strike by bin men (8 May 2017)\",\"copyright\":\"Reuters\",\"height\":650,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/E54B/production/_96599685_mediaitem96599684.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A massive response is needed, and not nearly enough international attention is being paid to what is going on here.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A massive response is needed, and not nearly enough international attention is being paid to what is going on here.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yemen was until relatively recently a functional country. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yemen was until relatively recently a functional country. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sitting on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, it has always had its shortcomings, but the education and health systems were working. Clean water and electricity ran 24 hours a day. Rubbish was collected. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sitting on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, it has always had its shortcomings, but the education and health systems were working. Clean water and electricity ran 24 hours a day. Rubbish was collected. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In an astonishingly short period of time, though, those pillars of a healthy society crumbled, beginning with the Arab Spring and accelerating during today's full-blown war. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In an astonishingly short period of time, though, those pillars of a healthy society crumbled, beginning with the Arab Spring and accelerating during today's full-blown war. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Violence is now part of life; I hear air strikes even as I write this. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Violence is now part of life; I hear air strikes even as I write this. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Two years of conflict have devastated Yemen and left 18 million people in need of aid\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Two years of conflict have devastated Yemen and left 18 million people in need of aid\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Yemenis inspect destroyed houses after an alleged Saudi-led coalition air strike targeted a district in Sanaa, Yemen (9 June 2017)\",\"copyright\":\"EPA\",\"height\":650,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1818B/production/_96599689_mediaitem96599688.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hospital systems have collapsed, with medical staff no longer paid. The staff who remain are overwhelmed. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hospital systems have collapsed, with medical staff no longer paid. The staff who remain are overwhelmed. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"My organisation, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), is currently providing care to nearly one in five cholera cases in the country - the biggest single provider of case management and infection control. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"My organisation, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), is currently providing care to nearly one in five cholera cases in the country - the biggest single provider of case management and infection control. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The ICRC has flown in five charter planes carrying large quantities of chlorine, IV fluids and other medical supplies in recent days. ICRC health staff and engineers are supporting 17 cholera treatment facilities around the country. We are improving hygiene and sanitation conditions, and raising cholera awareness among the general public.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The ICRC has flown in five charter planes carrying large quantities of chlorine, IV fluids and other medical supplies in recent days. ICRC health staff and engineers are supporting 17 cholera treatment facilities around the country. We are improving hygiene and sanitation conditions, and raising cholera awareness among the general public.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The ICRC has flown medical supplies to Yemen to help deal with the outbreak\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The ICRC has flown medical supplies to Yemen to help deal with the outbreak\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Medical supplies arrive in Sanaa on a plane chartered by the International Committee of the Red Cross (14 June 2017)\",\"copyright\":\"Alexandre Faite/ICRC\",\"height\":650,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/14F8B/production/_96599858_mediaitem96599857.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We provide what we can, where we can. But even with similar work being done by M茅decins Sans Fronti猫res (MSF) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), there are simply too many people in need. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We provide what we can, where we can. But even with similar work being done by M茅decins Sans Fronti猫res (MSF) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), there are simply too many people in need. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We are impressed with the Yemeni ministry of health staff, who work day and night without pay or protection, exposing themselves and their families to sickness. The dedication is beyond commendable. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We are impressed with the Yemeni ministry of health staff, who work day and night without pay or protection, exposing themselves and their families to sickness. The dedication is beyond commendable. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To help motivate - or say thank-you - the ICRC gave a modest Eid al-Fitr bonus at the end of Ramadan. But we know it is not enough. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To help motivate - or say thank-you - the ICRC gave a modest Eid al-Fitr bonus at the end of Ramadan. But we know it is not enough. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More than 14 million people lack access to safe drinking water or sanitation\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More than 14 million people lack access to safe drinking water or sanitation\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Yemenis fill jerry cans with safe drinking water from a donated water pipe in Sanaa, Yemen (20 May 2017)\",\"copyright\":\"EPA\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9AAF/production/_96599593_mediaitem96599592.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This is my third mission to Yemen. I love the country. There is nowhere on earth like this anymore. It is complex and fascinating, the Arabia I once dreamed about visiting. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This is my third mission to Yemen. I love the country. There is nowhere on earth like this anymore. It is complex and fascinating, the Arabia I once dreamed about visiting. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But this mission to Yemen has been less dream, more nightmare. I think the vacant stares in the eyes of children - and their parents - may well haunt me 10 years from now. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But this mission to Yemen has been less dream, more nightmare. I think the vacant stares in the eyes of children - and their parents - may well haunt me 10 years from now. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yemen now suffers three-way tragedy: a population under siege, suffering the violence of war and unable to work or access nutritious food or health care; an economic collapse that has led to a rise in criminality; and now a devastating health crisis. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yemen now suffers three-way tragedy: a population under siege, suffering the violence of war and unable to work or access nutritious food or health care; an economic collapse that has led to a rise in criminality; and now a devastating health crisis. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This all leads to what could be the largest cholera outbreak of our lifetime. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This all leads to what could be the largest cholera outbreak of our lifetime. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More than half of all health facilities in Yemen are closed or partially functioning\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More than half of all health facilities in Yemen are closed or partially functioning\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A Yemeni child suspected of being infected with cholera receives treatment inside a tent at a hospital in Sanaa, Yemen (15 June 2017)\",\"copyright\":\"EPA\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/161E7/production/_96599509_mediaitem96599508.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"I have worked with the ICRC for 11 years, but this is the first time I have seen this kind of suffering. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"I have worked with the ICRC for 11 years, but this is the first time I have seen this kind of suffering. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Yemenis' remaining resilience will be sapped. But even if a miracle materialises and the cholera crisis disappears tomorrow, the ongoing war remains. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Yemenis' remaining resilience will be sapped. But even if a miracle materialises and the cholera crisis disappears tomorrow, the ongoing war remains. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The people here will still not find the nutrition they need. And the country will be in much worse shape than before.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The people here will still not find the nutrition they need. And the country will be in much worse shape than before.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The deadly imprint of cholera will continue to grow, and its effects will cripple this fragile, war-weary society far into the future. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The deadly imprint of cholera will continue to grow, and its effects will cripple this fragile, war-weary society far into the future. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Johannes Bruwer is the deputy head of delegation for the International Committee of the Red Cross in Sanaa, Yemen. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Johannes Bruwer\",\"locator\":\"https://twitter.com/johannesbruwer1?lang=en\",\"isExternal\":true,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Johannes Bruwer\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" is the deputy head of delegation for the International Committee of the Red Cross in Sanaa, Yemen. \",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"links\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"link\",\"model\":{\"headline\":\"Yemen's humanitarian catastrophe\",\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A girl cries after her father is killed in a Saudi-led air strike in Yemen's capital Sanaa (13 July 2015)\",\"copyright\":\"Reuters\",\"height\":549,\"width\":976,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6517/production/_85097852_d8a14953-4855-4ed2-9e76-6bae2ce82104.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6517/production/_85097852_d8a14953-4855-4ed2-9e76-6bae2ce82104.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6517/production/_85097852_d8a14953-4855-4ed2-9e76-6bae2ce82104.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6517/production/_85097852_d8a14953-4855-4ed2-9e76-6bae2ce82104.jpg.webp 480w, 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