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min-height: 360px; } </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth"> <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2">  Preprint </td> </tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Report number </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2203.13900">arXiv:2203.13900</a> ; FERMILAB-CONF-22-284-PPD</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>4-Dimensional Trackers</b></td></tr> <style> .video_control_container, #video_controlbutton { display: none; }#video_detailbox_download {display: none;}#video_detailbox_embed {display: none;}</style> <div class="video_control_container"> <div style="box-sizing: inherit;position: relative;min-height: 1em;margin: 1em 0;background: #f8f8f9;padding: 1em 1.5em;line-height: 1.4285em;transition: opacity .1s ease,color .1s ease,background .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;border-radius: .28571429rem;font-size: 1.1em;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6px;background-color: #f8ffff;color: #276f86;box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #a9d5de inset,0 0 0 0 transparent;"> <i class="fa fa-info"></i><span style="padding-left: 9px;">If you experience any problem watching the video, click the download button below</span> </div> <a id="video_controlbutton_download" rel="download_button" class="video_controlbutton" href="#">Download</a> <a id="video_controlbutton_embed" class="video_controlbutton" href="#">Embed</a> </div> <div id="video_detailbox_download" style="margin:10px"> </div> <div id="video_detailbox_embed" style="margin:10px"> </div> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggle_authors_visibility(){ var more = document.getElementById('more'); var link = document.getElementById('link'); var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); if (more.style.display=='none'){ more.style.display = ''; extension.style.display = 'none'; link.innerHTML = "Hide" } else { more.style.display = 'none'; extension.style.display = ''; link.innerHTML = "Show all 17 authors" } link.style.color = "rgb(204,0,0);" } function set_up(){ var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); extension.innerHTML = ""; toggle_authors_visibility(); } </script> <a name="show_hide" /><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Berry%2C%20Doug&ln=en">Berry, Doug</a> (Fermilab) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Cairo%2C%20Valentina&ln=en">Cairo, Valentina</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Dragone%2C%20Angelo&ln=en">Dragone, Angelo</a> (SLAC) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Centis-Vignali%2C%20Matteo&ln=en">Centis-Vignali, Matteo</a> (Fond. Bruno Kessler, Trento) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Giacomini%2C%20Gabriele&ln=en">Giacomini, Gabriele</a> (Brookhaven) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Heller%2C%20Ryan&ln=en">Heller, Ryan</a> (Fermilab) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Jindariani%2C%20Sergo&ln=en">Jindariani, Sergo</a> (Fermilab) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lai%2C%20Adriano&ln=en">Lai, Adriano</a> (INFN, Cagliari) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Linssen%2C%20Lucie&ln=en">Linssen, Lucie</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lipton%2C%20Ron&ln=en">Lipton, Ron</a> (Fermilab)<span id="more" style=""> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Madrid%2C%20Chris&ln=en">Madrid, Chris</a> (Fermilab) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Markovic%2C%20Bojan&ln=en">Markovic, Bojan</a> (SLAC) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mazza%2C%20Simone&ln=en">Mazza, Simone</a> (UC, Santa Cruz) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ott%2C%20Jennifer&ln=en">Ott, Jennifer</a> (UC, Santa Cruz) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Schwartzman%2C%20Ariel&ln=en">Schwartzman, Ariel</a> (SLAC) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Weber%2C%20Hannsj%C3%B6rg&ln=en">Weber, Hannsjörg</a> (Humboldt U., Berlin) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ye%2C%20Zhenyu&ln=en">Ye, Zhenyu</a> (Illinois U., Chicago)</span> <span id="extension"></span> <small><i><a id="link" href="#" onclick="toggle_authors_visibility()" style="color:rgb(204,0,0);"></a></i></small><script type="text/javascript">set_up()</script></td></tr>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* * Changes the Imprint title to Date - Duration as requested by RQF0820114 * This is a hack not to touch the general imprint format element */ $(document).ready(function() { var collections = 'ConferencePaper ; PREPRINT'; if (collections.indexOf('E-LEARNING') > -1) { $('.cern-imprint-label').text('Date - Duration'); } }) </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel cern-imprint-label"> Imprint </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2022-03-25</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">26</td></tr>  <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Note </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">26 pages, contribution to Snowmass 2021</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Presented at </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2722743">2021 Snowmass Summer Study</a>, Seattle, WA, United States, 11 - 20 July 2021, pp.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment ; physics.ins-det ; Detectors and Experimental Techniques</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">4-dimensional (4D) trackers with ultra fast timing (10-30 ps) and very fine spatial resolution (O(few $\mu$m)) represent a new avenue in the development of silicon trackers, enabling new physics capabilities beyond the reach of the existing tracking detectors. This paper reviews the impact of integrating 4D tracking capabilities on several physics benchmarks both in potential upgrades of the HL-LHC experiments and in several detectors at future colliders, and summarizes the currently available sensor technologies as well as electronics, along with their limitations and directions for R$&amp;$D.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Other source </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2058917">Inspire</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">preprint: (License: <a href="http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/">arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0</a>)</td></tr> </table> <br /><div style="max-width:1024px;margin:auto"><div style="overflow-x:auto;display:inline;width:100%;"><a href="/record/2807541/plots#0"><img style="vertical-align:middle;" src="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2807541/files/FCC-pu.png" title=" From Ref. \cite{Drasal:2674721}. An effective pile-up in the FCC-hh tracker. Several options of timing resolution per track in 3D vertexing are assumed: no timing (black), $\delta$ t = 25 ps (red) and $\delta$ t = 5 ps (blue). Several $p_{T}$ values are shown: 1 GeV/c (solid), 5 GeV/c (dashed) and 10 GeV/c (dotted). For reference the effective pile-up for CMS Phase 2 layout, $p_{T}$ = 1 GeV/c and nominal pile-up=140 is added." width="200px"/></a> <a href="/record/2807541/plots#1"><img style="vertical-align:middle;" src="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2807541/files/TOF_SiD.png" title=" From Ref. \cite{breidenbach2021updating}. Mass resolution for a time-of-flight system with a performance of 10 ps in SiD." width="200px"/></a> <a href="/record/2807541/plots#2"><img style="vertical-align:middle;" src="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2807541/files/dEdx_TOF_ILD.png" title=" From Ref. \cite{theildcollaboration2020international}. Particle separation power for $\pi/k$ and $K/p$ based on the dE/dx measurement in the TPC and on a time-of-flight estimator from the first ten ECAL layers. The separation power obtained when the information from the two systems is combined is also shown." width="200px"/></a> <a href='/record/2807541/plots'>Show more plots</a></div></div><br /> <br/><div><div style="clear: both;"> </div></div> <script type="text/javascript"> // Initially hide: $(".longCaption").hide(); // Allow to toggle visibility: $(".toggleLongCaption").toggle(function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").show('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "more" ? "less" : "more"); },function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").hide('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "more" ? 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