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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat_fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat_fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sifat-sifat fisika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat_fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sifat-sifat kimia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sifat-sifat_kimia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sifat-sifat kimia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reaksi_asam-basa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksi_asam-basa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reaksi asam-basa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksi_asam-basa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halogenasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halogenasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Halogenasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halogenasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembentukan_ester" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan_ester"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pembentukan ester</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan_ester-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dehidrasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dehidrasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Dehidrasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dehidrasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oksidasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksidasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Oksidasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oksidasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembakaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembakaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Pembakaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembakaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembuatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembuatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pembuatan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pembuatan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pembuatan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pembuatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hidrasi_etilena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrasi_etilena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hidrasi etilena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrasi_etilena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fermentasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fermentasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fermentasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fermentasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_medis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_medis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sifat medis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_medis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Penggunaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Etanol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 118 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="إيثانول – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيثانول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%27%E0%A6%B2" title="ইথান'ল – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইথান'ল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="दारु – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="दारु" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="اتانول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اتانول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanoi" title="Ethanoi – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ethanoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanuolis" title="Etanuolis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Etanuolis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Этаноль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Этаноль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Етанол – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Етанол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2" title="ইথানল – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইথানল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་རག་ཉིང་ཁུ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་རག་ཉིང་ཁུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84" title="ئێتانۆل – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێتانۆل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86tanol" title="Ætanol – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ætanol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Αιθανόλη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αιθανόλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanolo" title="Etanolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etanolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanool" title="Etanool – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Etanool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="اتانول – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتانول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanoli" title="Etanoli – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etanoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89thanol" title="Éthanol – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éthanol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanool" title="Etanool – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Etanool" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat%C3%A1n%C3%B3l" title="Eatánól – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eatánól" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2" title="ઇથેનોલ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇથેનોલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C" title="אתנול – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אתנול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="इथेनॉल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इथेनॉल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Էթիլ սպիրտ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էթիլ սպիրտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etan%C3%B3l" title="Etanól – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Etanól" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanolo" title="Etanolo – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etanolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="エタノール – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エタノール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tanol" title="Étanol – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Étanol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ეთანოლი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეთანოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96" title="Этил спирті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Этил спирті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%88%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಈಥೈಲ್ ಆಲ್ಕೋಹಾಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಈಥೈಲ್ ಆಲ್ಕೋಹಾಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%83%84%EC%98%AC" title="에탄올 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에탄올" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolum" title="Ethanolum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ethanolum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanolis" title="Etanolis – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Etanolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanols" title="Etanols – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Etanols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Етанол – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Етанол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="എഥനോൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എഥനോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="इथेनॉल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इथेनॉल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="အီသနောလ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီသနောလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="इथानोल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इथानोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="इथानोल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इथानोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etan%C3%B2l" title="Etanòl – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Etanòl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਈਥੇਨੋਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਈਥੇਨੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etan%C3%B2l" title="Etanòl – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Etanòl" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایتھانول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایتھانول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="اېتنول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېتنول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanul" title="Ethanul – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ethanul" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanoli" title="Etanoli – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Etanoli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Етанол – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етанол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanoli" title="Ethanoli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ethanoli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எத்தனால் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எத்தனால்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇథనాల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇథనాల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เอทานอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอทานอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Этанол – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Этанол" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Етанол – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етанол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایتھنول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایتھنول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etil_spirti" title="Etil spirti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Etil spirti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilspirt" title="Etilspirt – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Etilspirt" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Etanol" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乙醇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C" title="עטאנאל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עטאנאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乙醇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="乙醇" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ethanol" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乙醇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q153#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Etanol" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Etanol" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&oldid=26796364" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg/110px-Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg/165px-Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg/220px-Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ethanol-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ethanol-3D-vdW.png/110px-Ethanol-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ethanol-3D-vdW.png/165px-Ethanol-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ethanol-3D-vdW.png/220px-Ethanol-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ethanol_flat_structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ethanol_flat_structure.png/110px-Ethanol_flat_structure.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ethanol_flat_structure.png/165px-Ethanol_flat_structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ethanol_flat_structure.png/220px-Ethanol_flat_structure.png 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ethanol-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/110px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/165px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/220px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Nama </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tata_nama_senyawa_kimia" title="Tata nama senyawa kimia">Nama IUPAC</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Etanol</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Nama lain <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Etil alkohol; hidroksietana; alkohol; alkohol murni; etil hidrat; alkohol absolut</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Penanda </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul 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class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (model interaktif 3D)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CCO">Gambar interaktif</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3DMet </td> <td><span title="www.3dmet.dna.affrc.go.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3dmet.dna.affrc.go.jp/cgi/show_data.php?acc={{{3DMet}}}">{{{3DMet}}}</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.682.html">682</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nomor_EC" title="Nomor EC"><span title="Nomor Masyarakat Eropa (penanda kimia)">Nomor EC</span></a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702">702</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" title="RTECS">Nomor RTECS</a> </td> <td>{{{value}}} </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID9020584">DTXSID9020584</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153#P3117" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/SMILES" title="SMILES">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">CCO</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Sifat </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">Rumus kimia</a></div> </td> <td>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_molar" title="Massa molar">Massa molar</a> </td> <td>46,06844 g/mol<sup id="cite_ref-ncbi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncbi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>    </td></tr> <tr> <td>Penampilan </td> <td>cairan tak berwarna dengan bau yang khas<sup id="cite_ref-icsc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Densitas</a> </td> <td>0,7893 g/cm<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haynes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haynes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a> </td> <td>−114,14<sup id="cite_ref-Haynes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haynes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a> </td> <td>78,29<sup id="cite_ref-Haynes_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haynes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Larutan_berair" title="Larutan berair">Kelarutan dalam air</a></div> </td> <td>tercampur penuh<sup id="cite_ref-icsc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a> </td> <td>58 kPa (20 °C) <sup id="cite_ref-icsc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konstanta_disosiasi_asam" title="Konstanta disosiasi asam">Keasaman</a> (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>) </td> <td>15,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viskositas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viskositas">Viskositas</a> </td> <td>1,200 <a href="/wiki/Poise" title="Poise">cP</a> (20 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Dipol#Dipol_molekul" title="Dipol">Momen dipol</a></div> </td> <td>1,69 <a href="/wiki/Debye" title="Debye">D</a> (gas) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Bahaya </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petunjuk_Zat_Berbahaya_(67/548/EEC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petunjuk Zat Berbahaya (67/548/EEC) (halaman belum tersedia)">Klasifikasi UE</a> (DSD) <span style="background:moccasin; line-height:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulasi_CLP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulasi CLP (halaman belum tersedia)"><small title="Per Regulasi CLP, usang per 1 Juni 2017. Digantikan oleh data GHS"><i>(usang)</i></small></a></span></div> </td> <td>Mudah terbakar (<b>F</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daftar_frasa_R_(risiko)" title="Daftar frasa R (risiko)">Frasa-R</a> </td> <td><span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="R11: Sangat mudah terbakar">R11</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daftar_frasa_S_(keamanan)" title="Daftar frasa S (keamanan)">Frasa-S</a> </td> <td><span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Jauhkan dari anak-anak">S2</span> <span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Tutup wadah rapat-rapat">S7</span> <span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Jauhkan dari percikan api">S16</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_nyala" title="Titik nyala">Titik nyala</a> </td> <td>13 °C (55.4 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-firedept_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firedept-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Senyawa terkait </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba;"><div style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">suhu dan tekanan standar</a> (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Referensi</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba;"> <td style="width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;"> </td> <td style="width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Etanol</b>, disebut juga <b>etil alkohol</b>, <b>alkohol murni</b>, <b>alkohol absolut</b>, atau <b>alkohol</b> saja, adalah cairan yang mudah menguap, mudah terbakar, tak berwarna, dan merupakan alkohol yang paling sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Senyawa ini merupakan <a href="/wiki/Obat_psikoaktif" title="Obat psikoaktif">obat psikoaktif</a> dan dapat ditemukan pada <a href="/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol">minuman beralkohol</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometer</a> modern. Etanol adalah salah satu obat rekreasi yang paling tua. </p><p>Etanol termasuk ke dalam alkohol rantai tunggal, dengan <a href="/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">rumus kimia</a> C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH dan <a href="/wiki/Rumus_empiris" title="Rumus empiris">rumus empiris</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a><sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><sub>6</sub><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a>. Etanol merupakan <a href="/wiki/Isomer" title="Isomer">isomer</a> konstitusional dari <a href="/wiki/Dimetil_eter" title="Dimetil eter">dimetil eter</a>. Etanol sering disingkat menjadi <b>EtOH</b>, dengan "Et" merupakan singkatan dari gugus etil (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi">Fermentasi</a> gula menjadi etanol merupakan salah satu <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_organik" title="Reaksi organik">reaksi organik</a> paling awal yang pernah dilakukan manusia. Efek dari konsumsi etanol yang memabukkan juga telah diketahui sejak dulu. Pada zaman modern, etanol yang ditujukan untuk kegunaan industri sering kali dihasilkan dari <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">etilena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-myers_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etanol banyak digunakan sebagai pelarut berbagai bahan-bahan kimia yang ditujukan untuk konsumsi dan kegunaan manusia. Contohnya adalah pada parfum, perasa, pewarna makanan, dan obat-obatan. Dalam kimia, etanol adalah pelarut yang penting sekaligus sebagai stok umpan untuk sintesis senyawa kimia lainnya. Dalam sejarahnya etanol telah lama digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Alcohol_flame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Alcohol_flame.jpg/220px-Alcohol_flame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Alcohol_flame.jpg/330px-Alcohol_flame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Alcohol_flame.jpg/440px-Alcohol_flame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Etanol sering digunakan sebagai bahan bakar</figcaption></figure> <p>Etanol telah digunakan manusia sejak zaman prasejarah sebagai bahan pemabuk dalam <a href="/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol">minuman beralkohol</a>. Residu yang ditemukan pada peninggalan <a href="/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik">keramik</a> yang berumur 9000 tahun dari <a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina">Cina</a> bagian utara menunjukkan bahwa minuman beralkohol telah digunakan oleh manusia <a href="/wiki/Prasejarah" title="Prasejarah">prasejarah</a> dari masa <a href="/wiki/Neolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolitik">Neolitik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roach_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roach-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etanol dan alkohol membentuk larutan <a href="/wiki/Azeotrop" title="Azeotrop">azeotrop</a>. Karena itu pemurnian etanol yang mengandung air dengan cara penyulingan biasa hanya mampu menghasilkan etanol dengan kemurnian 96%. Etanol murni (absolut) dihasilkan pertama kali pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Tobias_Lowitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Tobias Lowitz (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan Tobias Lowitz</a> yaitu dengan cara menyaring alkohol hasil distilasi melalui <a href="/wiki/Arang_kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Arang kayu">arang</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a> menggambarkan bahwa etanol adalah senyawa yang terbentuk dari <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>. Pada tahun 1808 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas-Th%C3%A9odore_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (halaman belum tersedia)">Saussure</a> berhasil menentukan rumus kimia etanol. Lima puluh tahun kemudian (1858), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Scott_Couper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Scott Couper (halaman belum tersedia)">Couper</a> mempublikasikan rumus kimia etanol. Dengan demikian etanol adalah salah satu senyawa kimia yang pertama kali ditemukan rumus kimianya.<sup id="cite_ref-Couper_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Couper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etanol pertama kali dibuat secara sintetik pada tahun 1826 secara terpisah oleh Henry Hennel dari Britania Raya dan S.G. Sérullas dari Prancis. Pada tahun 1828, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> berhasil membuat etanol dari hidrasi <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">etilena</a> yang dikatalisis oleh asam. Proses ini mirip dengan proses sintesis etanol industri modern.<sup id="cite_ref-Hennell_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hennell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etanol telah digunakan sebagai bahan bakar lampu di Amerika Serikat sejak tahun 1840, namun pajak yang dikenakan pada alkohol industri semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Amerika" title="Perang Saudara Amerika">Perang Saudara Amerika</a> membuat penggunaannya tidak ekonomis. Pajak ini dihapuskan pada tahun 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-siegel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siegel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan sejak tahun 1908 otomobil <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a> telah dapat dijalankan menggunakan etanol.<sup id="cite_ref-dipardo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dipardo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, dengan adanya pelarangan minuman beralkohol pada tahun 1920, para penjual bahan bakar etanol dituduh berkomplot dengan penghasil minuman alkohol ilegal, dan bahan bakar etanol kemudian ditinggalkan penggunaannya sampai dengan akhir abad ke-20. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat_fisika">Sifat-sifat fisika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat-sifat fisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat-sifat fisika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Sifat-sifat termofisika dari campuran antara etanol dengan air dan dodekana </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:33%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Excess_Volume_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Excess_Volume_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png/275px-Excess_Volume_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Excess_Volume_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png/413px-Excess_Volume_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Excess_Volume_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="386" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mixing_Enthalpy_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mixing_Enthalpy_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png/275px-Mixing_Enthalpy_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mixing_Enthalpy_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png/413px-Mixing_Enthalpy_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Mixing_Enthalpy_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vapor-Liquid_Equilibrium_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vapor-Liquid_Equilibrium_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png/275px-Vapor-Liquid_Equilibrium_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vapor-Liquid_Equilibrium_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png/413px-Vapor-Liquid_Equilibrium_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Vapor-Liquid_Equilibrium_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Water.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volume berlebih campuran etanol dengan air (kontraksi volume) </td> <td>Kalor pencampuran campuran etanol dengan air </td> <td>Kesetimbangan uap-cair campuran etanol dengan air (termasuk pula <a href="/wiki/Azeotrop" title="Azeotrop">azeotrop</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Phase_diagram_ethanol_water_s_l_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Phase_diagram_ethanol_water_s_l_en.svg/275px-Phase_diagram_ethanol_water_s_l_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Phase_diagram_ethanol_water_s_l_en.svg/413px-Phase_diagram_ethanol_water_s_l_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Phase_diagram_ethanol_water_s_l_en.svg/550px-Phase_diagram_ethanol_water_s_l_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="495" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Liquid-Liquid_Equilibrium_(Miscibility_Gap)_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Dodecane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Liquid-Liquid_Equilibrium_%28Miscibility_Gap%29_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Dodecane.png/275px-Liquid-Liquid_Equilibrium_%28Miscibility_Gap%29_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Dodecane.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Liquid-Liquid_Equilibrium_%28Miscibility_Gap%29_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Dodecane.png/413px-Liquid-Liquid_Equilibrium_%28Miscibility_Gap%29_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Dodecane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Liquid-Liquid_Equilibrium_%28Miscibility_Gap%29_Mixture_of_Ethanol_and_Dodecane.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kesetimbangan padat-cair dari campuran etanol dan air (termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutektikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutektikum (halaman belum tersedia)">eutektikum</a>) </td> <td>Celah ketercampuran (<i>miscibility gap</i>) pada campuran dodekana dan etanol]] </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Etanol adalah cairan tak berwarna yang mudah menguap dengan aroma yang khas. Ia terbakar tanpa asap dengan lidah api berwarna biru yang kadang-kadang tidak dapat terlihat pada cahaya biasa. </p><p>Sifat-sifat fisika etanol utamanya dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan gugus <a href="/wiki/Hidroksil" title="Hidroksil">hidroksil</a> dan pendeknya rantai karbon etanol. Gugus <a href="/wiki/Hidroksil" title="Hidroksil">hidroksil</a> dapat berpartisipasi ke dalam ikatan hidrogen, sehingga membuatnya cair dan lebih sulit menguap daripada senyawa organik lainnya dengan massa molekul yang sama. </p><p>Etanol adalah pelarut yang serbaguna, larut dalam air dan pelarut organik lainnya, meliputi <a href="/wiki/Asam_asetat" title="Asam asetat">asam asetat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aseton" title="Aseton">aseton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzena" title="Benzena">benzena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon_tetraklorida" title="Karbon tetraklorida">karbon tetraklorida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kloroform" title="Kloroform">kloroform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietil_eter" title="Dietil eter">dietil eter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etilena_glikol" title="Etilena glikol">etilena glikol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gliserol" title="Gliserol">gliserol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrometana" title="Nitrometana">nitrometana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piridina" title="Piridina">piridina</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Toluena" title="Toluena">toluena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-crc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-merck_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia juga larut dalam hidrokarbon alifatik yang ringan, seperti <a href="/wiki/Pentana" title="Pentana">pentana</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Heksana" title="Heksana">heksana</a>, dan juga larut dalam senyawa klorida alifatik seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=1,1,1-trikloroetana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,1,1-trikloroetana (halaman belum tersedia)">trikloroetana</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tetrakloroetilena" title="Tetrakloroetilena">tetrakloroetilena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-merck_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Campuran etanol-air memiliki volume yang lebih kecil daripada jumlah kedua cairan tersebut secara terpisah. Campuran etanal dan air dengan volume yang sama akan menghasilkan campuran yang volumenya hanya 1,92 kali jumlah volume awal.<sup id="cite_ref-crc_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemTech_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemTech-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pencampuran etanol dan air bersifat <a href="/wiki/Eksotermik" title="Eksotermik">eksotermik</a> dengan energi sekitar 777 J/mol dibebaskan pada 298 K.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Campuran etanol dan air akan membentuk <a href="/wiki/Azeotrop" title="Azeotrop">azeotrop</a> dengan perbandingkan kira-kira 89 mol% etanol dan 11 mol% air.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perbandingan ini juga dapat dinyatakan sebagai 96% volume etanol dan 4% volume air pada tekanan normal dan T = 351 K. Komposisi azeotropik ini sangat tergantung pada suhu dan tekanan. Ia akan menghilang pada temperatur di bawah 303 K.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ethanol-xtal-1976-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ethanol-xtal-1976-3D-balls.png/300px-Ethanol-xtal-1976-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ethanol-xtal-1976-3D-balls.png/450px-Ethanol-xtal-1976-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ethanol-xtal-1976-3D-balls.png/600px-Ethanol-xtal-1976-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption>Ikatan hidrogen pada etanol padat pada −186 °C</figcaption></figure> <p>Ikatan hidrogen menyebabkan etanol murni sangat <a href="/wiki/Higroskopis" class="mw-redirect" title="Higroskopis">higroskopis</a>, sedemikiannya ia akan menyerap air dari udara. Sifat gugus hidroksil yang polar menyebabkannya dapat larut dalam banyak senyawa ion, utamanya <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">natrium hidroksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">kalium hidroksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_klorida" title="Magnesium klorida">magnesium klorida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_klorida" title="Kalsium klorida">kalsium klorida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amonium_klorida" title="Amonium klorida">amonium klorida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonium_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonium bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">amonium bromida</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_bromida" title="Natrium bromida">natrium bromida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-merck_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">Natrium klorida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">kalium klorida</a> sedikit larut dalam etanol.<sup id="cite_ref-merck_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oleh karena etanol juga memiliki rantai karbon nonpolar, ia juga larut dalam senyawa nonpolar, meliput kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Minyak_atsiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Minyak atsiri">minyak atsiri</a><sup id="cite_ref-merckoils_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merckoils-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan banyak perasa, pewarna, dan obat. </p><p>Penambahan beberapa persen etanol dalam air akan menurunkan <a href="/wiki/Tegangan_permukaan" title="Tegangan permukaan">tegangan permukaan</a> air secara drastis. Campuran etanol dengan air yang lebih dari 50% etanol bersifat mudah terbakar dan mudah menyala. Campuran yang kurang dari 50% etanol juga dapat menyala apabila larutan tersebut dipanaskan terlebih dahulu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indeks_refraksi" class="mw-redirect" title="Indeks refraksi">Indeks refraksi</a> etanol adalah 1,36242 (pada <i>λ</i>=589,3 nm dan 18,35 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-crc_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat_kimia">Sifat-sifat kimia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat-sifat kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat-sifat kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">Alkohol</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:EthanolMIRInfraredSpectra.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/EthanolMIRInfraredSpectra.PNG/220px-EthanolMIRInfraredSpectra.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/EthanolMIRInfraredSpectra.PNG/330px-EthanolMIRInfraredSpectra.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/EthanolMIRInfraredSpectra.PNG/440px-EthanolMIRInfraredSpectra.PNG 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Spektrum Inframerah Tengah Etanol. Spektrum ini diperoleh menggunakan spektrometer FTIR Bruker Tensor 27, dengan Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ATR dengan parameter berikut: Resolusi: 2cm^-1 Sampel: 24 pindaian Latar Belakang: 24 pindaian Spektrum ATR Sumber inframerah MIR Beamsplitter: KBr Detektor: RT-DLaTGS Aksesori: Pike MIRacle Diamond Seperti yang Anda lihat ada pita lebar antara 3400-3200cm^-1, pita itu terkait dengan -OH (Gugus hidroksil)</figcaption></figure> <p>Etanol termasuk dalam alkohol primer, yang berarti bahwa karbon yang berikatan dengan gugus hidroksil paling tidak memiliki dua hidrogen atom yang terikat dengannya juga. Reaksi kimia yang dijalankan oleh etanol kebanyakan berkutat pada gugus <a href="/wiki/Hidroksil" title="Hidroksil">hidroksilnya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksi_asam-basa">Reaksi asam-basa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi asam-basa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi asam-basa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gugus hidroksil etanol membuat molekul ini sedikit basa. Ia hampir netral dalam air, dengan <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> 100% etanol adalah 7,33, berbanding dengan pH air murni yang sebesar 7,00. Etanol dapat diubah menjadi <a href="/wiki/Konjugat_basa" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjugat basa">konjugat basanya</a>, ion <a href="/wiki/Alkoksida" title="Alkoksida">etoksida</a> (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>O<sup>−</sup>), dengan mereaksikannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a>: </p> <dl><dd>2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + 2<a href="/wiki/Sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium">Na</a> → 2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>ONa + <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H<sub>2</sub></a></dd></dl> <p>ataupun dengan basa kuat seperti natrium hidrida: </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + NaH → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>ONa + <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H<sub>2</sub></a>.</dd></dl> <p>Reaksi seperti ini tidak dapat dilakukan dalam larutan akuatik, karena air lebih asam daripada etanol, sehingga pembentukan hidroksida lebih difavoritkan daripada pembentuk etoksida. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenasi">Halogenasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Halogenasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Halogenasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etanol bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_halida" title="Hidrogen halida">hidrogen halida</a> dan menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Haloalkana" title="Haloalkana">etil halida</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etil_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etil klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">etil klorida</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etil_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etil bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">etil bromida</a>: </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">HCl</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etil_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etil klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl</a> + <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></dd></dl> <p>Reaksi dengan HCl memerlukan katalis seperti <a href="/wiki/Seng_klorida" title="Seng klorida">seng klorida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s_and_h_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s_and_h-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hidrogen klorida dengan keberadaan seng klorida dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reagen_Lucas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reagen Lucas (halaman belum tersedia)">reagen Lucas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s_and_h_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s_and_h-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m_and_b_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m_and_b-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + <a href="/wiki/Asam_bromida" title="Asam bromida">HBr</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etil_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etil bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br</a> + <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></dd></dl> <p>Reaksi dengan HBr memerlukan proses <a href="/wiki/Refluks" title="Refluks">refluks</a> dengan katalis <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s_and_h_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s_and_h-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etil halida juga dapat dihasilkan dengan mereaksikan alkohol dengan <a href="/wiki/Halogenasi" title="Halogenasi">agen halogenasi</a> yang khusus, seperti <a href="/wiki/Tionil_klorida" title="Tionil klorida">tionil klorida</a> untuk pembuatan etil klorida, ataupun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforus_tribromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforus tribromida (halaman belum tersedia)">fosforus tribromida</a> untuk pembuatan etil bromida.<sup id="cite_ref-s_and_h_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s_and_h-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m_and_b_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m_and_b-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + SOCl<sub>2</sub> → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl + SO<sub>2</sub> + HCl</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembentukan_ester">Pembentukan ester</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pembentukan ester" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembentukan ester"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kondisi di bawah katalis asam, etanol bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_karboksilat" class="mw-redirect" title="Asam karboksilat">asam karboksilat</a> dan menghasilkan senyawa etil <a href="/wiki/Eter" title="Eter">eter</a> dan air: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Asam_karboksilat" class="mw-redirect" title="Asam karboksilat">RCOOH</a> + HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> → <a href="/wiki/Ester" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ester">RCOOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a>.</dd></dl> <p>Agar reaksi ini menghasilkan rendemen yang cukup tinggi, air perlu dipisahkan dari campuran reaksi seketika ia terbentuk. </p><p>Etanol juga dapat membentuk senyawa ester dengan asam anorganik. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietil_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietil sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Dietil sulfat</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trietil_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trietil fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">trietil fosfat</a> dihasilkan dengan mereaksikan etanol dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_fosfat" title="Asam fosfat">asam fosfat</a>. Senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh reaksi ini sangat berguna sebagai agen etilasi dalam <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_organik" title="Sintesis organik">sintesis organik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dehidrasi">Dehidrasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Dehidrasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dehidrasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam kuat yang sangat higroskopis seperti asam sulfat akan menyebabkan dehidrasi etanol dan menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">etilena</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Dietil_eter" title="Dietil eter">dietil eter</a>: </p> <dl><dd>2 CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH → <a href="/wiki/Dietil_eter" title="Dietil eter">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a> (pada 120'C)</dd> <dd>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH → <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">H<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a> (pada 180'C)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oksidasi">Oksidasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Oksidasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Oksidasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etanol dapat dioksidasi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Asetaldehida" title="Asetaldehida">asetaldehida</a>, yang kemudian dapat dioksidasi lebih lanjut menjadi <a href="/wiki/Asam_asetat" title="Asam asetat">asam asetat</a>. Dalam tubuh manusia, reaksi oksidasi ini dikatalisis oleh <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a> tubuh. Pada laboratorium, larutan akuatik oksidator seperti <a href="/wiki/Asam_kromat" title="Asam kromat">asam kromat</a> ataupun <a href="/wiki/Kalium_permanganat" title="Kalium permanganat">kalium permanganat</a> digunakan untuk mengoksidasi etanol menjadi asam asetat. Proses ini akan sangat sulit menghasilkan asetaldehida oleh karena terjadinya overoksidasi. Etanol dapat dioksidasi menjadi asetaldehida tanpa oksidasi lebih lanjut menjadi asam asetat menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piridinium_kloro_kromat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piridinium kloro kromat (halaman belum tersedia)">piridinium kloro kromat</a> (<i>Pyridinium chloro chromate, PCC</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-s_and_h_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s_and_h-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH + 2[O] → CH<sub>3</sub>COOH + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Produk oksidasi etanol, asam asetat, digunakan sebagai nutrien oleh tubuh manusia sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asetil-koA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asetil-koA (halaman belum tersedia)">asetil-koA</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembakaran">Pembakaran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Pembakaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembakaran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pembakaran" class="mw-disambig" title="Pembakaran">Pembakaran</a> etanol akan menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a>: </p> <dl><dd>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH(g) + 3 O<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O(l);(ΔH<sub>r</sub> = −1409 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembuatan">Pembuatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pembuatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembuatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ethanol_Flasche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ethanol_Flasche.jpg/170px-Ethanol_Flasche.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ethanol_Flasche.jpg/255px-Ethanol_Flasche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ethanol_Flasche.jpg/340px-Ethanol_Flasche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>94% etanol terdenaturasi dalam sebuah botol untuk kegunaan rumah tangga</figcaption></figure> <p>Etanol dapat diproduksi secara <a href="/wiki/Petrokimia" title="Petrokimia">petrokimia</a> melalui hidrasi <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">etilena</a> ataupun secara <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologis</a> melalaui <a href="/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi">fermentasi</a> gula dengan <a href="/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi">ragi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mills-Ecklund_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-Ecklund-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrasi_etilena">Hidrasi etilena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Hidrasi etilena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hidrasi etilena"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etanol yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan industri sering kali dibuat dari senyawa <a href="/wiki/Petrokimia" title="Petrokimia">petrokimia</a>, utamanya adalah melalui hidrasi <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">etilena</a>: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></a><sub>(g)</sub> + <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a><sub>(g)</sub> → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH<sub>(l)</sub>.</dd></dl> <p>Katalisa yang digunakan umumnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Asam_fosfat" title="Asam fosfat">asam fosfat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-r_and_c_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r_and_c-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Katalis ini digunakan pertama kali untuk produksi skala besar etanol oleh <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell Oil Company</a> pada tahun 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-ECT4_820_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECT4_820-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reaksi ini dijalankan dengan tekanan uap berlebih pada suhu 300 °C. </p><p>Proses lama yang pernah digunakan pada tahun 1930 oleh Union Carbide<sup id="cite_ref-ECT4_817_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECT4_817-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah dengan menghidrasi etilena secara tidak langsung dengan mereaksikannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> pekat untuk mendapatkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etil_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etil sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">etil sulfat</a>. Etil sulfat kemudian di<a href="/wiki/Hidrolisis" title="Hidrolisis">hidrolisis</a> dan menghasilkan etanol:<sup id="cite_ref-s_and_h_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s_and_h-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etil_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etil sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>H</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etil_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etil sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>H</a> + <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a> → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fermentasi">Fermentasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Fermentasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fermentasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etanol untuk kegunaan konsumsi manusia (seperti <a href="/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol">minuman beralkohol</a>) dan kegunaan bahan bakar diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi. Spesies <a href="/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi">ragi</a> tertentu (misalnya <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></i>) mencerna <a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula</a> dan menghasilkan etanol dan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a>: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a> → 2 CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + 2 <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">CO<sub>2</sub></a>.</dd></dl> <p>Proses membiakkan ragi untuk mendapatkan alkohol disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi">fermentasi</a>. Konsentrasi etanol yang tinggi akan beracun bagi ragi. Pada jenis ragi yang paling toleran terhadap etanol, ragi tersebut hanya dapat bertahan pada lingkungan 15% etanol berdasarkan volume.<sup id="cite_ref-mosttolerant_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosttolerant-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Untuk menghasilkan etanol dari bahan-bahan pati, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Serealia" title="Serealia">serealia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pati" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pati">pati</a> tersebut haruslah diubah terlebih dahulu menjadi gula. Dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Bir" title="Bir">bir</a>, ini dapat dilakukan dengan merendam biji gandum dalam air dan membiarkannya berkecambah. Biji gandum yang beru berkecambah tersebut akan menghasilkan enzim <a href="/wiki/Amilase" title="Amilase">amilase</a>. Biji kecambah gandum ditumbuk, dan amilase yang ada akan mengubah pati menjadi gula. </p><p>Untuk etanol bahan bakar, hidrolisis pati menjadi glukosa dapat dilakukan dengan lebih cepat menggunakan asam sulfat encer, menambahkan fungi penghasil amilase, atapun kombinasi dua cara tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-hydrolysis_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydrolysis-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat_medis">Sifat medis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat medis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat medis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etanol telah banyak dibuktikan menyebabkan kelainan pada <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Lipoprotein" title="Lipoprotein">lipoprotein</a>, sintesis <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a> dan penurunan sintesis <a href="/wiki/Asam_empedu" title="Asam empedu">asam empedu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_kolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam kolat (halaman belum tersedia)">asam kolat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipid</a>, serta penurunan aktivitas <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a> d alfa-hidroksilase.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan">Penggunaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pelarut</li> <li>Campuran minuman (intoksikan)</li> <li>Sintesis bahan kimia lain</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ncbi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ncbi_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702">National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=702</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icsc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icsc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icsc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icsc_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0044">"Ethanol (anhydrous)"</a>, <i>ILO-ICSC</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILO-ICSC&rft.atitle=Ethanol+%28anhydrous%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fdyn%2Ficsc%2Fshowcard.display%3Fp_card_id%3D0044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haynes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haynes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haynes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haynes_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes,_W.M.2010–2011" class="citation">Haynes, W.M., ed. (2010–2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+64-17-5"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (edisi ke-91st), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., hlm. 3–232</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pages=3-232&rft.edition=91st&rft.pub=CRC+Press+Inc.&rft.date=2010%2F2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoxnet.nlm.nih.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsis%2Fsearch%2Fr%3Fdbs%2Bhsdb%3A%40term%2B%40rn%2B%40rel%2B64-17-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Format tanggal (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Format_tanggal" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Format tanggal">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-firedept-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-firedept_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i>Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials</i> (edisi ke-14th), Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2010, hlm. 325–57</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+Protection+Guide+to+Hazardous+Materials&rft.place=Quincy%2C+MA&rft.pages=325-57&rft.edition=14th&rft.pub=National+Fire+Protection+Association&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-myers-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-myers_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Myers, Richard L.; Myers, Rusty L. (2007). <i>The 100 most important chemical compounds: a reference guide</i>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. hlm. 122. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0313337586" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0313337586">0313337586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100+most+important+chemical+compounds%3A+a+reference+guide&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0313337586&rft.au=Myers%2C+Richard+L.%3B+Myers%2C+Rusty+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roach-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roach_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roach, J. (<a href="/wiki/18_Juli" title="18 Juli">18 Juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0718_050718_ancientbeer.html">"9,000-Year-Old Beer Re-Created From Chinese Recipe."</a> <i>National Geographic News.</i>, diakses <a href="/wiki/14_November" title="14 November">14 November</a> <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Couper-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Couper_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Couper, A.S. (1858). "On a new chemical theory." <i>Philosophical magazine</i> <b>16</b>, 104–116. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/couper/couper.html">Online reprint</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hennell-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hennell_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hennell, H. (1828). "On the mutual action of sulfuric acid and alcohol, and on the nature of the process by which ether is formed". <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>. <b>118</b> (365–71): 365. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1828.0021">10.1098/rstl.1828.0021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions&rft.atitle=On+the+mutual+action+of+sulfuric+acid+and+alcohol%2C+and+on+the+nature+of+the+process+by+which+ether+is+formed&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=365%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=365&rft.date=1828&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1828.0021&rft.au=Hennell%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siegel-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-siegel_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Robert Siegel (2007-02-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7426827">"Ethanol, Once Bypassed, Now Surging Ahead"</a>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ethanol%2C+Once+Bypassed%2C+Now+Surging+Ahead&rft.date=2007-02-15&rft.au=Robert+Siegel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D7426827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dipardo-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dipardo_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Joseph DiPardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071127095510/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/features/biomass.pdf">"Outlook for Biomass Ethanol Production and Demand"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Energy. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/features/biomass.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2007-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outlook+for+Biomass+Ethanol+Production+and+Demand&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy&rft.au=Joseph+DiPardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftonto.eia.doe.gov%2FFTPROOT%2Ffeatures%2Fbiomass.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crc_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry</i>, 44th ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merck-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merck_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merck_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merck_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merck_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Windholz, Martha (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/merckindexencycl0009unse"><i>The Merck index: an encyclopedia of chemicals and drugs</i></a> (edisi ke-9th). Rahway, N.J., U.S.A: Merck. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-911910-26-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-911910-26-3">0-911910-26-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Merck+index%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+chemicals+and+drugs&rft.place=Rahway%2C+N.J.%2C+U.S.A&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Merck&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-911910-26-3&rft.au=Windholz%2C+Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmerckindexencycl0009unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChemTech-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChemTech_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"Ethanol". <i><a href="#Encyc_Chem">Encyclopedia of chemical technology</a></i>. <b>9</b>. 1991. hlm. 813.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethanol&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+chemical+technology&rft.pages=813&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Costigan MJ, Hodges LJ, Marsh KN, Stokes RH, Tuxford CW (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/51/paper/CH9802103.htm">"The Isothermal Displacement Calorimeter: Design Modifications for Measuring Exothermic Enthalpies of Mixing"</a>. <i>Aust J Chem</i>. <b>33</b> (10): 2103–19. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FCH9802103">10.1071/CH9802103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aust+J+Chem.&rft.atitle=The+Isothermal+Displacement+Calorimeter%3A+Design+Modifications+for+Measuring+Exothermic+Enthalpies+of+Mixing&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2103-19&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FCH9802103&rft.au=Costigan+MJ%2C+Hodges+LJ%2C+Marsh+KN%2C+Stokes+RH%2C+Tuxford+CW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publish.csiro.au%2Fnid%2F51%2Fpaper%2FCH9802103.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lei Z, Wang H, Zhou R, Duan Z (2002). "Influence of salt added to solvent on extractive distillation". <i>Chem Eng J</i>. <b>87</b>: 149–56. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1385-8947%2801%2900211-X">10.1016/S1385-8947(01)00211-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem+Eng+J.&rft.atitle=Influence+of+salt+added+to+solvent+on+extractive+distillation&rft.volume=87&rft.pages=149-56&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1385-8947%2801%2900211-X&rft.au=Lei+Z%2C+Wang+H%2C+Zhou+R%2C+Duan+Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pemberton RC, Mash CJ (1978). "Thermodynamic properties of aqueous non-electrolyte mixtures II. Vapour pressures and excess Gibbs energies for water + ethanol at 303.15 to 363.15 K determined by an accurate static method". <i>J Chem Thermodyn</i>. <b>10</b> (9): 867–88. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0021-9614%2878%2990160-X">10.1016/0021-9614(78)90160-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Chem+Thermodyn.&rft.atitle=Thermodynamic+properties+of+aqueous+non-electrolyte+mixtures+II.+Vapour+pressures+and+excess+Gibbs+energies+for+water+%2B+ethanol+at+303.15+to+363.15+K+determined+by+an+accurate+static+method&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=867-88&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0021-9614%2878%2990160-X&rft.au=Pemberton+RC%2C+Mash+CJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merckoils-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-merckoils_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs</i>, 9th ed.; monographs 6575 through 6669</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s_and_h-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s_and_h_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s_and_h_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s_and_h_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s_and_h_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s_and_h_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s_and_h_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Streitweiser, Andrew Jr.; Heathcock, Clayton H. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoor00stre"><i>Introduction to Organic Chemistry</i></a>. MacMillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-02-418010-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-02-418010-6">0-02-418010-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Organic+Chemistry&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-02-418010-6&rft.au=Streitweiser%2C+Andrew+Jr.%3B+Heathcock%2C+Clayton+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoor00stre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m_and_b-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m_and_b_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m_and_b_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>m_and_b</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Frederick D. Rossini (1937). "Heats of Formation of Simple Organic Molecules". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind._Eng._Chem.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ind. Eng. Chem. (halaman belum tersedia)">Ind. Eng. Chem.</a></i> <b>29</b> (12): 1424–1430. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fie50336a024">10.1021/ie50336a024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ind.+Eng.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Heats+of+Formation+of+Simple+Organic+Molecules&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1424-1430&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fie50336a024&rft.au=Frederick+D.+Rossini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mills-Ecklund-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mills-Ecklund_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, G.A.; Ecklund, E.E. "<cite class="citation journal">Mills GA, Ecklund EE (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.eg.12.110187.000403?journalCode=energy">"Alcohols as Components of Transportation Fuels"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Energy</i>. <b>12</b>: 47–80. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.eg.12.110187.000403">10.1146/annurev.eg.12.110187.000403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Energy&rft.atitle=Alcohols+as+Components+of+Transportation+Fuels&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=47-80&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.eg.12.110187.000403&rft.au=Mills+GA%2C+Ecklund+EE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farjournals.annualreviews.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.eg.12.110187.000403%3FjournalCode%3Denergy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak November 2022">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r_and_c-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r_and_c_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roberts, John D.; Caserio, Marjorie C. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/basicprincipleso1977obe"><i>Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry</i></a>. W. A. Benjamin, Inc. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8053-8329-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8053-8329-8">0-8053-8329-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Principles+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.pub=W.+A.+Benjamin%2C+Inc&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8053-8329-8&rft.au=Roberts%2C+John+D.%3B+Caserio%2C+Marjorie+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbasicprincipleso1977obe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECT4_820-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECT4_820_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"Ethanol". <i><a href="#Encyc_Chem">Encyclopedia of chemical technology</a></i>. <b>9</b>. 1991. hlm. 82–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethanol&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+chemical+technology&rft.pages=82-&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECT4_817-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECT4_817_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodgsdon, J.E. (1994). p. 817</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mosttolerant-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mosttolerant_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Morais PB, Rosa CA, Linardi VR, Carazza F, Nonato EA (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/h32k825756g41318/">"Production of fuel alcohol by Saccharomyces strains from tropical habitats"</a>. <i>Biotechnology Letters</i>. <b>18</b> (11): 1351–6. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00129969">10.1007/BF00129969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Production+of+fuel+alcohol+by+Saccharomyces+strains+from+tropical+habitats&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1351-6&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00129969&rft.au=Morais+PB%2C+Rosa+CA%2C+Linardi+VR%2C+Carazza+F%2C+Nonato+EA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh32k825756g41318%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Januari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hydrolysis-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hydrolysis_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Badger, P.C. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/v5-017.html">Ethanol From Cellulose: A General Review</a>." p. 17–21. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.), Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, 2002, Alexandria, VA. Retrieved on September 2, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7013554">"Effects of acute and chronic ethanol intake on bile acid metabolism"</a>. <i>Monroe P, Vlahcevic ZR, Swell L</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monroe+P%2C+Vlahcevic+ZR%2C+Swell+L.&rft.atitle=Effects+of+acute+and+chronic+ethanol+intake+on+bile+acid+metabolism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F7013554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_on_Alcohol_Abuse_and_Alcoholism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (halaman belum tersedia)">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</a> maintains a database of alcohol-related health effects. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etoh.niaaa.nih.gov/Archive.htm">ETOH Archival Database (1972–2003)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509125317/http://etoh.niaaa.nih.gov/Archive.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-05-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Science Database.</li> <li>Boyce, John M., and Pittet Didier. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdc.gov/handhygiene/">"Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, United States.</li> <li><cite class="citation conference">Onuki, Shinnosuke; Koziel, Jacek A.; van Leeuwen, Johannes; Jenks, William S.; Grewell, David; Cai, Lingshuang (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/abe_eng_conf/68/"><i>Ethanol production, purification, and analysis techniques: a review</i></a>. 2008 ASABE Annual International Meeting. Providence, RI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Ethanol+production%2C+purification%2C+and+analysis+techniques%3A+a+review&rft.place=Providence%2C+RI&rft.date=2008-06&rft.aulast=Onuki&rft.aufirst=Shinnosuke&rft.au=Koziel%2C+Jacek+A.&rft.au=van+Leeuwen%2C+Johannes&rft.au=Jenks%2C+William+S.&rft.au=Grewell%2C+David&rft.au=Cai%2C+Lingshuang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.dr.iastate.edu%2Fabe_eng_conf%2F68%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEtanol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/alcohol.html">Sci-toys website explanation of US denatured alcohol designations</a></li> <li>Smith, M.G., and M. Snyder. (2005). "Ethanol-induced virulence of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>". <i>American Society for Microbiology meeting</i>. <i>Volume 1</i> June 5 – June 9. Atlanta.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanol&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alcohol" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:alcohol">alcohol</a></b></i> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethanol" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ethanol">ethanol</a></b></i> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ethanol" class="extiw" title="commons:Ethanol"><b><i>Ethanol</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_alcohol.htm">Alcohol (Ethanol)</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0044.htm">International Labour Organization</a> ethanol safety information</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npi.gov.au/substances/ethanol/index.html">National Pollutant Inventory – Ethanol Fact Sheet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0262.html">CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Ethyl Alcohol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=ethanol&Units=SI">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> chemical data on ethanol</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:16236">ChEBI – biology related</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmegroup.com/company/cbot.html">Chicago Board of Trade</a> news and market data on ethanol futures</li> <li>Calculation of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/AntoineCalculation/AntoineCalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol">vapor pressure</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR105DensityCalculation/DIPPR105CalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol">liquid density</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/VogelCalculation/VogelCalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol">dynamic liquid viscosity</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR106SFTCalculation/DIPPR106SFTCalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol">surface tension</a> of ethanol</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethanolhistory.com/">Ethanol History</a> A look into the history of ethanol</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemsub.online.fr/name/ethyl_alcohol.html">ChemSub Online: Ethyl alcohol</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alkohol" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Alkohol" title="Templat:Alkohol"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Alkohol" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Alkohol"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Alkohol&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alkohol" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">Alkohol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alkohol_primer" title="Alkohol primer">Alkohol<br />primer</a> (1°)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">Metanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>1</sub></span>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Etanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>2</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Propanol" title="1-Propanol">1-Propanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>3</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Butanol" title="N-Butanol">1-Butanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>4</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Pentanol" title="1-Pentanol">1-Pentanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>5</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Heksanol" title="1-Heksanol">1-Heksanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>6</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Heptanol" title="1-Heptanol">1-Heptanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>7</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Oktanol" title="1-Oktanol">1-Oktanol</a> (kapril, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>8</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Nonanol" title="1-Nonanol">1-Nonanol</a> (pelargonik, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>9</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Dekanol" title="1-Dekanol">1-Dekanol</a> (kaprik, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>10</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undekanol" title="Undekanol">1-Undekanol</a> (hendesil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>11</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodekanol" title="Dodekanol">1-Dodekanol</a> (lauril, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>12</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Tridekanol" title="1-Tridekanol">1-Tridekanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>13</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Tetradekanol" title="1-Tetradekanol">1-Tetradekanol</a> (miristil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>14</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Pentadekanol" title="1-Pentadekanol">1-Pentadekanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>15</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setil_alkohol" title="Setil alkohol">1-Heksadekanol</a> (setil/palmitil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>16</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Heptadekanol" title="1-Heptadekanol">1-Heptadekanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>17</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearil_alkohol" title="Stearil alkohol">1-Oktadekanol</a> (stearil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>18</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Nonadekanol" title="1-Nonadekanol">1-Nonadekanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>19</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakidil_alkohol" title="Arakidil alkohol">1-Ikosanol</a> (arakidil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>20</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Heneikosanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>21</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Dokosanol" title="1-Dokosanol">1-Dokosanol</a> (behenil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>22</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Trikosanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>23</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Tetrakosanol" title="1-Tetrakosanol">1-Tetrakosanol</a> (lignoseril, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>24</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Pentakosanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>25</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Heksakosanol" title="1-Heksakosanol">1-Heksakosanol</a> (seril, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>26</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Heptakosanol" title="1-Heptakosanol">1-Heptakosanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>27</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Oktakosanol" title="1-Oktakosanol">1-Oktakosanol</a> (kluitil/montanil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>28</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Nonakosanol" title="1-Nonakosanol">1-Nonakosanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>29</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triakontanol" title="Triakontanol">1-Triakontanol</a> (melisil/mirisil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>30</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Hentriakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>31</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Dotriakontanol" title="1-Dotriakontanol">1-Dotriakontanol</a> (lakseril, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>32</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Tritriakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>33</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Tetratriakontanol (geddil, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>34</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Pentatriakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>35</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Heksatriakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>36</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Heptatriakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>37</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Oktatriakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>38</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Nonatriakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>39</sub></span>)</li> <li>1-Tetrakontanol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>40</sub></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alkohol<br />primer<br />lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isobutanol" title="Isobutanol">Isobutanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>4</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoamil_alkohol" title="Isoamil alkohol">Isoamil alkohol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>5</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Metil-1-butanol" title="2-Metil-1-butanol">2-Metil-1-butanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>5</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenetil_alkohol" title="Fenetil alkohol">Fenetil alkohol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>8</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptofol" title="Triptofol">Triptofol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>10</sub></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alkohol<br />sekunder (2°)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isopropil_alkohol" title="Isopropil alkohol">Isopropanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>3</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Butanol" title="2-Butanol">2-Butanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>4</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Pentanol" title="2-Pentanol">2-Pentanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>5</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Pentanol" title="3-Pentanol">3-Pentanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>5</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Heksanol" title="2-Heksanol">2-Heksanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>6</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Heksanol" title="3-Heksanol">3-Heksanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>6</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Heptanol" title="2-Heptanol">2-Heptanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>7</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Heptanol" title="3-Heptanol">3-Heptanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>7</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Oktanol" title="2-Oktanol">2-Oktanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>8</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Nonanol" title="2-Nonanol">2-Nonanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>9</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siklopropanol" title="Siklopropanol">Siklopropanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>3</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siklobutanol" title="Siklobutanol">Siklobutanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>4</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siklopentanol" title="Siklopentanol">Siklopentanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>5</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikloheksanol" title="Sikloheksanol">Sikloheksanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>6</sub></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alkohol<br />tersier (3°)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tert-Butil_alkohol" title="Tert-Butil alkohol">tert-Butil alkohol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>4</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert-Amil_alkohol" title="Tert-Amil alkohol">tert-Amil alkohol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>5</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Metil-2-pentanol" title="2-Metil-2-pentanol">2-Metil-2-pentanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>6</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Metil-3-pentanol" title="3-Metil-3-pentanol">3-Metil-3-pentanol</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>6</sub></span>)</li> <li>2-Metilheksan-2-ol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>7</sub></span>)</li> <li>2-Metilheptan-2-ol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>8</sub></span>)</li> <li>3-Metiloktan-3-ol (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>9</sub></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alkohol" title="Kategori:Alkohol">Kategori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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