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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigeerimine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" title="Mine esilehele [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Esileht</span></a></li><li id="n-generaldiscussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_arutelu"><span>Üldine arutelu</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Viimased_muudatused" title="Vikis tehtud viimaste muudatuste loend [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Viimased muudatused</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Juhuslik_artikkel" title="Mine juhuslikule leheküljele [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Juhuslik lehekülg</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sisukord" title="Kuidas redigeerida"><span>Juhend</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Kontakteeru_meiega"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trüki või ekspordi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Raamat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Linnriik"><span>Koosta raamat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:DownloadAsPdf&page=Linnriik&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laadi alla PDF-failina</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&printable=yes" title="Selle lehe trükiversioon [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prinditav versioon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipeedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-et.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-et.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Otsimine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Otsi vikist [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Otsing</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Otsi Vikipeediast" aria-label="Otsi Vikipeediast" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et" class=""><span>Anneta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Linnriik" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida." class=""><span>Loo konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Linnriik" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Anneta</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Linnriik" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Linnriik" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logi sisse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sisselogimata kasutaja leheküljed <a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sissejuhatus" aria-label="Lisateave redigeerimise kohta"><span>lisateave</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_kaast%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste loend [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kaastöö</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_aruteluleht" title="Arutelu sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste kohta [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Ajalugu"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lähis-Ida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lähis-Ida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lähis-Ida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lähis-Ida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Induse_oru_tsivilisatsioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Induse_oru_tsivilisatsioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Induse oru tsivilisatsioon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Induse_oru_tsivilisatsioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumeri_tsivilisatsioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumeri_tsivilisatsioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sumeri tsivilisatsioon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumeri_tsivilisatsioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kreeka_tsivilisatsioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kreeka_tsivilisatsioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kreeka tsivilisatsioon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kreeka_tsivilisatsioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Itaalia_tsivilisatsioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Itaalia_tsivilisatsioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Itaalia tsivilisatsioon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Itaalia_tsivilisatsioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Linnriik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 84 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" title="دولة مدينة – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولة مدينة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciud%C3%A1-Est%C3%A1u" title="Ciudá-Estáu – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciudá-Estáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99h%C9%99r-d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t" title="Şəhər-dövlət – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəhər-dövlət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="دؤلت شهر – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤلت شهر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_kota" title="Negara kota – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara kota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_kota" title="Negara kota – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara kota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="নগররাষ্ট্র – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নগররাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Горад-дзяржава – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горад-дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Град държава – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Град държава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_estat" title="Ciutat estat – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat estat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayang_estado" title="Dakbayang estado – sebu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayang estado" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bstsk%C3%BD_st%C3%A1t" title="Městský stát – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Městský stát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas-wladwriaeth" title="Dinas-wladwriaeth – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinas-wladwriaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystat" title="Bystat – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bystat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtstaat" title="Stadtstaat – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stadtstaat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7-%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πόλη-κράτος – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλη-κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state" title="City-state – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="City-state" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad-Estado" title="Ciudad-Estado – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad-Estado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbo%C5%9Dtato" title="Urboŝtato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urboŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiri-estatu" title="Hiri-estatu – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiri-estatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="دولت‌شهر – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت‌شهر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9-%C3%89tat" title="Cité-État – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cité-État" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stedsteat" title="Stedsteat – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stedsteat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathairst%C3%A1t" title="Cathairstát – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathairstát" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_estado" title="Cidade estado – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cidade estado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="도시국가 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도시국가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84-%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քաղաք-պետություն – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաք-պետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="नगर-राज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नगर-राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_dr%C5%BEava" title="Grad država – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grad država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbostato" title="Urbostato – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Urbostato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citate-stato" title="Citate-stato – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Citate-stato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgr%C3%ADki" title="Borgríki – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Borgríki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0-Stato" title="Città-Stato – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città-Stato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8-%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="עיר-מדינה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיר-מדינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Қала-мемлекеті – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қала-мемлекеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dola-mji" title="Dola-mji – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dola-mji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajar-welat" title="Bajar-welat – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bajar-welat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbs-civitas" title="Urbs-civitas – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Urbs-civitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pils%C4%93tvalsts" title="Pilsētvalsts – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pilsētvalsts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miestas-valstyb%C4%97" title="Miestas-valstybė – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miestas-valstybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1ros%C3%A1llam_(politika)" title="Városállam (politika) – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Városállam (politika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Град-држава – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Град-држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%C3%A0na-fanjakana" title="Tanàna-fanjakana – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tanàna-fanjakana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="നഗര രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങൾ – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നഗര രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AC%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ნოღა-სახენწჷფო – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნოღა-სახენწჷფო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="دولت-شهر – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دولت-شهر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A0ng-b%C4%83ng" title="Siàng-băng – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siàng-băng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Хот улс – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хот улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မြို့ပြနိုင်ငံ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြို့ပြနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadstaat" title="Stadstaat – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stadstaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadstoat" title="Stadstoat – Hollandi alamsaksa" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stadstoat" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Hollandi alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="都市国家 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="都市国家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystat" title="Bystat – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bystat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystat" title="Bystat – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bystat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat-Estat" title="Ciutat-Estat – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ciutat-Estat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahar_davlat" title="Shahar davlat – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shahar davlat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="شہر ریاست – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شہر ریاست" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_(%D8%AE%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="ښاري دولت (خپلواک ښار) – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښاري دولت (خپلواک ښار)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84-%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B" title="ទីក្រុង-រដ្ឋ – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីក្រុង-រដ្ឋ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto-pa%C5%84stwo" title="Miasto-państwo – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miasto-państwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade-estado" title="Cidade-estado – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade-estado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora%C8%99-stat" title="Oraș-stat – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oraș-stat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Город-государство – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Город-государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state" title="City-state – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="City-state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestsk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t" title="Mestský štát – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mestský štát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestna_dr%C5%BEava" title="Mestna država – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mestna država" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دەوڵەت شار – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەوڵەت شار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Град-држава – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Град-држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad-dr%C5%BEava" title="Grad-država – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grad-država" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupunkivaltio" title="Kaupunkivaltio – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaupunkivaltio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsstat" title="Stadsstat – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stadsstat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="நகர அரசு – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நகர அரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80-%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" title="Шәһәр-дәүләт – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шәһәр-дәүләт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0-%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="నగర-రాజ్యం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నగర-రాజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="นครรัฐ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นครรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_bang" title="Thành bang – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành bang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eehir_devleti" title="Şehir devleti – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şehir devleti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Місто-держава – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Місто-держава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="شہر ریاست – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہر ریاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%A0-stato" title="Sità-stato – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sità-stato" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="城邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D6%B7%D7%98" title="שטאטס שטאַט – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטאטס שטאַט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="城邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="城邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133442#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Linnriik" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/35px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Singapore_(SG),_Marina_Bay_--_2019_--_4439-48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Singapore_%28SG%29%2C_Marina_Bay_--_2019_--_4439-48.jpg/220px-Singapore_%28SG%29%2C_Marina_Bay_--_2019_--_4439-48.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Singapore_%28SG%29%2C_Marina_Bay_--_2019_--_4439-48.jpg/330px-Singapore_%28SG%29%2C_Marina_Bay_--_2019_--_4439-48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Singapore_%28SG%29%2C_Marina_Bay_--_2019_--_4439-48.jpg/440px-Singapore_%28SG%29%2C_Marina_Bay_--_2019_--_4439-48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="17523" data-file-height="6227" /></a><figcaption>Tänapäeva linnriigi Singapuri panoraam</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Linnriik</b> on majanduslikult iseseisev, oma kultuuri ja õiguskorraga väikeriik, mille mõjuala võib ulatuda ka suuremale territooriumile.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linnriik oli vanim riikluse vorm. Majanduslikult oli vana- ja keskaja linnriik suveräänne institutsioon, mis hoidis lisaks oma territooriumile enda kontrolli all veel suurt ala enda ümber. Selle elanikkond oli heterogeenne ja kosmopoliitne ning tolerantne teistsuguste suhtes. Mida kaugemale tema kaubandussidemed ulatusid, seda suuremaks ja võimsamaks ta kasvas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esimesed linnriigid tekkisid <a href="/wiki/Induse_kultuur" title="Induse kultuur">Induse</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumeri</a> tsivilisatsiooni aladel umbes 5. ja 4. aastatuhandel eKr – neile järgnesid Lähis-Idas <a href="/wiki/Foiniikia" title="Foiniikia">Foiniikia</a> ja Vahemere regioonis iidsed <a href="/wiki/Kreeka_ajalugu" title="Kreeka ajalugu">Kreeka</a> linnriigid (<a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">Polis</a>) – ning <a href="/wiki/Rooma_vabariik" title="Rooma vabariik">Rooma vabariiklikul</a> perioodil. Keskajal oli palju linnriike <a href="/wiki/Itaalia_linnade_loend" title="Itaalia linnade loend">Itaalias</a>, hiljem nn <a href="/wiki/Vabalinn_Frankfurt" title="Vabalinn Frankfurt">vabalinna</a> nime all tuntuks saanud linnad Lääne-Euroopa aladel (vt <a href="/wiki/Vaba_riigilinn" title="Vaba riigilinn">vaba riigilinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hansalinn" title="Hansalinn">hansalinn</a>). Tänapäeval, pärast territoriaalsete <a href="/wiki/Rahvusriik" title="Rahvusriik">rahvusriikide</a> esilekerkimist on järele jäänud üksikud, piiratud suveräänsusega linnriigid, nagu <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikan</a> või täiesti suveräänne <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapuri Vabariik</a>, mille on oma raha, tugev sõjavägi ja 5,6 miljonit elanikku.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linnriigi mõistele on lähedased ka sellised väikeriigid nagu <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuveit" title="Kuveit">Kuveit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrein" title="Bahrein">Bahrein</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, millel on küll mitu omavalitsuslikku territooriumi, aga vaid üks domineeriv pealinn.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linnriigiks võib pidada ka suhteliselt iseseisvat <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marinot</a>, millel puudub küll üks selge suur linnakeskus, kuid mille territoorium on kaetud suure asustustihedusega mikrorajoonidega.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ajalooliselt pani linna sünnile aluse inimeste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spetsialiseerumine_(majandus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spetsialiseerumine (majandus) (pole veel kirjutatud)">spetsialiseerumine</a> ühele tööle ja vajadus vahetada oma töö saadusi. Kui <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4sit%C3%B6%C3%B6line" title="Käsitööline">käsitöölised</a> toodavad vaid ühte kaupa, siis peavad nad vahetama oma toodangu teiste, neile vajalike kaupade vastu, mis paneb aluse <a href="/wiki/Turumajandus" title="Turumajandus">turumajandusele</a> ning <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualistlikule sotsiaalsele korrale</a>. Kuna spetsialiseerumine suurendab tööviljakust ja parandab toodete kvaliteeti, muutub linn kohalikuks tõmbekeskuseks ning ümbruskonnas elavad inimesed tahavad vahetada oma põllumajandustooteid neile vajalike käsitöötoodete vastu. Linnast saab selle tulemusel regionaalne keskus, kuhu suubuvad kõik transporditeed. Linna eristabki külast see, et sealsed elanikud ei tooda toitu ise, vaid vahetavad seda oma toodangu vastu. Kuna kaupade ja teenuste vahetamise käigus tekkisid õiglase hinna pärast vaidlused ja konfliktid, siis tekitas see omakorda vajaduse erapooletu isiku, s.t kohtuniku järele, kes mõistaks õigust. Varaseim kirjalikult salvestatud kohtpretsedent pärineb Uri linnast umbes 1850 eKr.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sellest arenes välja riigiametniku- ja kohtuinstitutsioon ning tava kirjutada üles kohtupretsedendid. Nende kogumisest ja üheks materjaliks koondamisest tekkis seadusloome tava, mille varaseimateks näideteks on Ur-Nammu ja Lipit-Ištari seadused ning hilisem <a href="/wiki/Bab%C3%BClon" title="Babülon">Babüloni</a> <a href="/wiki/Hammurapi_seadused" title="Hammurapi seadused">Hammurapi koodeks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linnriikide tunnuseks oli demokraatliku valitsuskultuuri tava, mille kirjalikult tuvastatav alge pärineb Sumeri linnriigist <a href="/wiki/K%C4%ABsh" title="Kīsh">Kish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lähis-Ida"><span id="L.C3.A4his-Ida"></span><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4his-Ida" title="Lähis-Ida">Lähis-Ida</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Lähis-Ida"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Lähis-Ida" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alates 10. aastatuhandest asustatud ning 9. aastatuhandel eKr rajatud müüri ja kaitsetorniga linn <a href="/wiki/Jeeriko" title="Jeeriko">Jeeriko</a> asutati mitmete kaubateede ristumiskohta. Seda linna on mainitud korduvalt juudi ja kristlikes pühakirjades ning see on vanim püsiva asustusega linn.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Indus_Valley_Civilization,_Mature_Phase_(2600-1900_BCE).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Mature_Phase_%282600-1900_BCE%29.png/220px-Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Mature_Phase_%282600-1900_BCE%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Mature_Phase_%282600-1900_BCE%29.png/330px-Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Mature_Phase_%282600-1900_BCE%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Mature_Phase_%282600-1900_BCE%29.png/440px-Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Mature_Phase_%282600-1900_BCE%29.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>Induse oru tsivilisatsiooni linnad</figcaption></figure> <p>Järgnevatel aastatuhandetel rajati Vahemere äärde kaubalinnu, millistest mitmed (<a href="/wiki/Foiniikia" title="Foiniikia">Foiniikia</a> Byblos, Sidon, Tüüros) tegutsesid imperiaalsete vallutusperioodide vahelistel ajaperioodidel iseseisvate linnriikidena. Viimastele tuleb lisada foiniiklaste poolt <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Aafrika" title="Põhja-Aafrika">Põhja-Aafrika</a> rannikule asutatud Kartaago.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Induse_oru_tsivilisatsioon"><a href="/wiki/Induse_kultuur" title="Induse kultuur">Induse oru tsivilisatsioon</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Induse oru tsivilisatsioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Induse oru tsivilisatsioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>8. aastatuhandel asutati Induse jõe tolleaegse haru äärde ning mäekuru juurde, kus algas kaubatee, mis viis <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistani</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kesk-Aasia" title="Kesk-Aasia">Kesk-Aasia</a> aladele, Mehrgarh'i nime saanud linn. See linn sai kuulsaks oma ehetega, mida on leitud <a href="/wiki/Egiptus" title="Egiptus">Egiptusest</a> <a href="/wiki/Hiina" title="Hiina">Hiina</a> aladeni ning oskusega puurida mitte üksnes kõvasid ja ilusaid mineraale vaid ka inimese hambaid ravimise eesmärgil. Selle linna tähelepanuväärseks eripäraks olid sirgete tänavatega linnaplaneering ja veevärgi olemasolu. Selle asutajaks peetakse <a href="/wiki/Draviidid" title="Draviidid">draviidi</a> hõimu.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>4.–2. aastatuhandel arenes Induse jõe oru piirkonnas välja veel palju linnriike, millest tuntumatena võiks nimetada <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro" title="Mohenjo Daro">Mohenjo-daro</a> ja Lothali sadamalinna. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Cities_of_Sumer_(en).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cities_of_Sumer_%28en%29.svg/220px-Cities_of_Sumer_%28en%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cities_of_Sumer_%28en%29.svg/330px-Cities_of_Sumer_%28en%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cities_of_Sumer_%28en%29.svg/440px-Cities_of_Sumer_%28en%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Sumeri linnriigid</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumeri_tsivilisatsioon">Sumeri tsivilisatsioon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Sumeri tsivilisatsioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Sumeri tsivilisatsioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umbes 5400 eKr rajati esimene Sumeri linn Eridu.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sumeri tsivilisatsioon püsis aastani 2000 eKr. Sumeri linnad rajati <a href="/wiki/Eufrat" title="Eufrat">Eufrati</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigrise</a> jõe vahelisele, tol ajal viljakale alale ning nende jõgede harujõgede äärde territooriumil, mis hõlmab tänapäeva <a href="/wiki/Iraak" title="Iraak">Iraagi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan">Iraani</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCria" title="Süüria">Süüria</a> ja <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi" title="Türgi">Türgi</a> alasid. Suurimaks neist kasvas Uruk, mille elanikkond kasvas 3. aastatuhandel 80 000 inimeseni (umbes 1% planeet Maal tol ajal elanud inimestest).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kreeka_tsivilisatsioon">Kreeka tsivilisatsioon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Kreeka tsivilisatsioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Kreeka tsivilisatsioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kreeka linnriigid tekkisid 7. sajandil eKr ja püsisid kuni <a href="/wiki/Makedoonia_Aleksander" class="mw-redirect" title="Makedoonia Aleksander">Makedoonia Aleksandri</a> ning <a href="/wiki/Rooma_vabariik" title="Rooma vabariik">Rooma</a> vallutusteni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Itaalia_tsivilisatsioon">Itaalia tsivilisatsioon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Itaalia tsivilisatsioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Itaalia tsivilisatsioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Itaalia" title="Itaalia">Itaalia</a> linnriigid tekkisid esmalt <a href="/wiki/Etruskid" title="Etruskid">etruskide</a> aladel, kuid suurimaks neist sai Rooma, mida linnriigiks võib nimetada vaid vabariiklikul perioodil. <a href="/wiki/Rooma_keisririik" title="Rooma keisririik">Rooma Impeeriumi</a> järel, keskajal oli Itaalia aladel palju linnriike, millest tuntumateks olid <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genova" title="Genova">Genova</a> ja kõige kauem (421–1797) <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4%C3%A4nsus" title="Suveräänsus">suveräänsuse</a> säilitanud <a href="/wiki/Veneetsia_vabariik" title="Veneetsia vabariik">Veneetsia Vabariik</a> (<i>Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigilinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riigilinn (pole veel kirjutatud)">Riigilinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">Polis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riik" title="Riik">Riik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsiaalriik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotsiaalriik">Sotsiaalriik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Retrieved 19 April 2020. "City-state" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/city-state">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Conca Messina, Silvia. A History of States and Economic Policies on Early Modern Europe. Parspectives in Economic and Social History. Routlege. 2019. ISBN 13: 978-0-367-72979-0 p 21</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Brimelow, Ben. "How a tiny city-state became a military powerhouse with the best air force and navy in Southeast Asia". Business Insider. Retrieved 15 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/singapore-military-best-air-force-navy-southeast-asia-2018-4">[2]</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Parker, Geoffrey. 2005. Sovereign City: The City-state Through History Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 219</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mogens, Hansen. 2002. A Comparative Study of Six City-State Cultures: An Investigation p. 91</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mogens, Hansen. 2000. "Introduction: The Concepts of City-States and City-State Culture." In A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Polis Centre. Pg. 19</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Parker, Geoffrey. 2005. Sovereign City: The City-state Through History Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kramer, Samuel Noah. History begins at Sumer. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1956. ISBN 0-8122-1276-2, pp 56-58</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Muinasaja seadusekogumike antoloogia. Varrak, 2001. ISBN 9983-3-0482-9. lk 57-65 ja lk 86-148.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kramer, Samuel Noah. History begins at Sumer. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1956. ISBN 0-8122-1276-2, pp 30-35</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mithen, Steven (2006). After the ice: a global human history, 20,000-5000 BCE (1st Harvard University Press pbk. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 57. ISBN 0-674-01999-7.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>María Eugenia Aubet (6 September 2001). The Phoenicians and the West: Politics, Colonies and Trade. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18, 44. ISBN 978-0-521-79543-2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B7SLWT2vpNcC&pg=PA18">[3]</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mukhtar Ahmed, Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History. Volume II: A Prelude to Civilization. Amazon, 2014 ISBN 1495941302 p 387.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Coppa, A. et al. 2006. "Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry: Flint tips were surprisingly effective for drilling tooth enamel in a prehistoric population." Nature. Volume 440. 6 April 2006.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Steinkeller, P., "On Rulers, Priests, and Sacred Marriage: Tracing the Evolution of Early Sumerian Kingship. In Priests and Officials in the Ancient Near East." Papers of the Second Colloquium on the Ancient Near East—The City and its Life held at the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan (Mitaka, Tokyo), ed. K. Watanabe, pp. 103–137. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, 1999</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111744/http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/WCITI2.html">Modelski</a>, George. CITIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD: AN INVENTORY. University of Washington. 1997. Early Dynastic cities. 1997.</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&oldid=6637900">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linnriik&oldid=6637900</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Riik" title="Kategooria:Riik">Riik</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad">Keeletoimetamist ootavad</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 14:15, 26. aprill 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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