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Chaoui</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Allaoua Chaoui"> <meta name="keywords" content="Allaoua Chaoui"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Allaoua Chaoui"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Allaoua Chaoui</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Object-Oriented Program Comprehension by Identification of Software Components and Their Connexions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhak-Djamel%20Seriai">Abdelhak-Djamel Seriai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selim%20Kebir"> Selim Kebir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allaoua%20Chaoui"> Allaoua Chaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last decades, object oriented program- ming has been massively used to build large-scale systems. However, evolution and maintenance of such systems become a laborious task because of the lack of object oriented programming to offer a precise view of the functional building blocks of the system. This lack is caused by the fine granularity of classes and objects. In this paper, we use a post object-oriented technology namely software components, to propose an approach based on the identification of the functional building blocks of an object oriented system by analyzing its source code. These functional blocks are specified as software components and the result is a multi-layer component based software architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20comprehension" title="software comprehension">software comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20component" title=" software component"> software component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20oriented" title=" object oriented"> object oriented</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20architecture" title=" software architecture"> software architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20engineering" title=" reverse engineering"> reverse engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32119/object-oriented-program-comprehension-by-identification-of-software-components-and-their-connexions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> A Near-Optimal Domain Independent Approach for Detecting Approximate Duplicates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Fellah">Abdelaziz Fellah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allaoua%20Maamir"> Allaoua Maamir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a domain-independent merging-cluster filter approach complemented with a set of algorithms for identifying approximate duplicate entities efficiently and accurately within a single and across multiple data sources. The near-optimal merging-cluster filter (MCF) approach is based on the Monge-Elkan well-tuned algorithm and extended with an affine variant of the Smith-Waterman similarity measure. Then we present constant, variable, and function threshold algorithms that work conceptually in a divide-merge filtering fashion for detecting near duplicates as hierarchical clusters along with their corresponding representatives. The algorithms take recursive refinement approaches in the spirit of filtering, merging, and updating, cluster representatives to detect approximate duplicates at each level of the cluster tree. Experiments show a high effectiveness and accuracy of the MCF approach in detecting approximate duplicates by outperforming the seminal Monge-Elkan’s algorithm on several real-world benchmarks and generated datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title="data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20cleaning" title=" data cleaning"> data cleaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximate%20duplicates" title=" approximate duplicates"> approximate duplicates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-duplicates%20detection" title=" near-duplicates detection"> near-duplicates detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining%20applications%20and%20discovery" title=" data mining applications and discovery"> data mining applications and discovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64998/a-near-optimal-domain-independent-approach-for-detecting-approximate-duplicates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Determination of Some Biochemical Parameters in Women during the First Trimester of Pregnancy (Normal Pregnancy and Missed Miscarriage)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yahia">M. Yahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Chaoui"> N. Chaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chaouch"> A. Chaouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massinissa%20Yahia"> Massinissa Yahia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our study was designed to determine the metabolic changes of some biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, Iron, uric acid, Urea and folic acid) and highlight their changes in 57 women of the region Batna, during the first trimester of pregnancy. This practical work was done with 27 women with missed miscarriage, compared with 30 control subjects of normal pregnant women. The assay results revealed a highly significant difference (P = 0.0006) between the two groups in serum iron (64.00 vs 93.54) and in the rate of folate (6.70 vs 9.22) (P <0.001) but no difference was found regarding the rate of Ca (9.69 vs 10.20), urea (0.19 vs 0.17), UA (33.96 vs 32.76), CH (1.283 vs 1.431), and TG (0.8852 vs 0.8290). The present study indicates that iron deficiency and folate are associated with missed miscarriage, but no direct pathophysiological link has been determined. Further in-depth studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism by which these deficits lead to a missed miscarriage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20parameters" title="biochemical parameters">biochemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnant%20women" title=" pregnant women"> pregnant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missed%20miscarriage" title=" missed miscarriage"> missed miscarriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5633/determination-of-some-biochemical-parameters-in-women-during-the-first-trimester-of-pregnancy-normal-pregnancy-and-missed-miscarriage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Modeling the Elastic Mean Free Path of Electron Collision with Pyrimidine: The Screen Corrected Additivity Rule Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aouina%20Nabila%20Yasmina">Aouina Nabila Yasmina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoui%20Zine%20El%20Abiddine"> Chaoui Zine El Abiddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the elastic mean free path (EMFP) of electrons colliding with pyrimidine, a precursor to the pyrimidine bases in DNA, employing the Screen Corrected Additivity Rule (SCAR) method. The SCAR method is introduced as a novel approach that combines classical and quantum mechanical principles to elucidate the interaction of electrons with pyrimidine. One of the most fundamental properties characterizing the propagation of a particle in the nuclear medium is its mean free path. Knowledge of the elastic mean free path is essential to accurately predict the effects of radiation on biological matter, as it contributes to the distances between collisions. Additionally, the mean free path plays a role in the interpretation of almost all experiments in which an excited electron moves through a solid. Pyrimidine, the precursor of the pyrimidine bases of DNA, has interesting physicochemical properties, which make it an interesting molecule to study from a fundamental point of view. These include a relatively large dipole polarizability and dipole moment and an electronic charge cloud with a significant spatial extension, which justifies its choice in this present study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20mean%20free%20path" title="elastic mean free path">elastic mean free path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20collision" title=" elastic collision"> elastic collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrimidine" title=" pyrimidine"> pyrimidine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCAR" title=" SCAR"> SCAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179786/modeling-the-elastic-mean-free-path-of-electron-collision-with-pyrimidine-the-screen-corrected-additivity-rule-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Design and Development of an Autonomous Beach Cleaning Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Allaoua%20Seklab">Mahdi Allaoua Seklab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%BCleyman%20Ba%C5%9FT%C3%BCrk"> Süleyman BaşTürk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the quest to enhance coastal environmental health, this study introduces a fully autonomous beach cleaning machine, a breakthrough in leveraging green energy and advanced artificial intelligence for ecological preservation. Designed to operate independently, the machine is propelled by a solar-powered system, underscoring a commitment to sustainability and the use of renewable energy in autonomous robotics. The vehicle's autonomous navigation is achieved through a sophisticated integration of LIDAR and a camera system, utilizing an SSD MobileNet V2 object detection model for accurate and real-time trash identification. The SSD framework, renowned for its efficiency in detecting objects in various scenarios, is coupled with the lightweight and precise highly MobileNet V2 architecture, making it particularly suited for the computational constraints of on-board processing in mobile robotics. Training of the SSD MobileNet V2 model was conducted on Google Colab, harnessing cloud-based GPU resources to facilitate a rapid and cost-effective learning process. The model was refined with an extensive dataset of annotated beach debris, optimizing the parameters using the Adam optimizer and a cross-entropy loss function to achieve high-precision trash detection. This capability allows the machine to intelligently categorize and target waste, leading to more effective cleaning operations. This paper details the design and functionality of the beach cleaning machine, emphasizing its autonomous operational capabilities and the novel application of AI in environmental robotics. The results showcase the potential of such technology to fill existing gaps in beach maintenance, offering a scalable and eco-friendly solution to the growing problem of coastal pollution. The deployment of this machine represents a significant advancement in the field, setting a new standard for the integration of autonomous systems in the service of environmental stewardship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20beach%20cleaning%20machine" title="autonomous beach cleaning machine">autonomous beach cleaning machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20systems" title=" renewable energy systems"> renewable energy systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20management" title=" coastal management"> coastal management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20robotics" title=" environmental robotics"> environmental robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189380/design-and-development-of-an-autonomous-beach-cleaning-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Contamination of Groundwater by Nitrates, Nitrites, Ammonium and Phosphate in the Guelma-bouchegouf Irrigated Area (Northeastern Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benhamza%20Moussa">Benhamza Moussa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aissaoui%20Marwa"> Aissaoui Marwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Touati%20Mounira"> Touati Mounira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoui%20Widad"> Chaoui Widad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Guelma-Bouchegouf irrigated area is located in the northeast of Algeria, and it extends about 80 km. It was commissioned in 1996, with an irrigable area of 9250 ha, it spreads on both banks of the Seybouse Wadi and it is subdivided into five autonomous distribution sectors. In order to assess the state of groundwater quality, the results of the chemical analyzes were plotted on the Piper diagram, which shows that the chemical facies are sulfate-calcium chloride and sulfate-calcium with a slight tendency to migrate to chlorinated sulphate - sodium. The predominance of sulphates in the waters of the region is geologically explained by the existence in the Guelma Basin of evaporitic deposits, which are mainly represented by rock salt and gypsum. In addition to this natural origin, we can mention the anthropogenic origin, following the use of chemical fertilizers in the Guelma-Bouchegouf irrigated area. Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ show moderate to significant mineralization of water, closely correlated with very high conductivities. The values of the recorded conductivities vary from 1360 μs / cm (P3) to 4610 μs / cm (P10). These important values are due to dissolved salts on the one hand and the leaching of fertilizers by irrigation water on the other hand. NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ show little to significant pollution throughout the study area. Phosphate represents significant pollution, with excessive values far exceeding the allowable standard. With respect to ammonium, 87% of the sampling points present little pollution and 13 % significant pollution. Regarding phosphates, in the form of PO₄³⁻, groundwater in the study area represents significant pollution; all values far exceed the allowable standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title="groundwater">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20parameters" title=" organic parameters"> organic parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards" title=" standards"> standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pollution" title=" Pollution"> Pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156778/contamination-of-groundwater-by-nitrates-nitrites-ammonium-and-phosphate-in-the-guelma-bouchegouf-irrigated-area-northeastern-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pha) among Asphalt and Road Paving Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boularas%20El%20Alia">Boularas El Alia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rezk-Allah"> H. Rezk-Allah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chaoui"> S. Chaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chama"> A. Chama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Rezk-Allah"> B. Rezk-Allah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: To assess the current exposure to the PHA among various workers in the sector of asphalt and road paving. Methods: The assessment of the exposure to PHA has been performed on workers (n=14) belonging to two companies, allocated into several activities such as road paving, manufacturing of coated bituminous warm, manufacturing of asphalt cut-back, manufacturing of emulsion of asphalt. A group of control subjects (n=18) was associated. The internal exposure to PHA was investigated by measurement of the urinary excretion of 2-naphtol, urine metabolite of naphtalene, one of the biomarkers of total PHA exposure. Urine samples were collected from the exposed workers, at the beginning of the week, at the beginning of the work shift (BWBS) and at the end of the work shift, at the end of the week (ESEW). In the control subjects, single samples of urine were collected after the end of the work shift.Every subject was invited to answer a questionnaire for the collection of technical and medical data as well as smoking habits and food intake. The concentration of 2-naphtol in the hydrolysate of urine was determined spectrophotometrically, after its reaction with the Fast Blue BB salt (diazotized 4-benzoylamino-2,5-diethoxyaniline). Results: For all the workers included in the study, the 2-urinary naphtol concentrations were higher than those in the control subjects (Median=9,55 µg/g creatinine) whether it is at (BWBS) (Md=16,2 µg/g creatinine) or at (ESEW) (n=18,Median=32,22 µg/g creatinine). Considerable differences are observed according to the category of job. The concentrations are also higher among smokers. Conclusion:The results show a significant exposure, mainly during manual laying, reveals an important risk particularly for the respiratory system.Considering the current criteria, carcinogenic risk due to the PHA seems not insignificant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHA" title="PHA">PHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt" title=" asphalt"> asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational" title=" occupational"> occupational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure" title=" exposure"> exposure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16168/occupational-exposure-to-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-pha-among-asphalt-and-road-paving-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Elastic Collisions of Electrons with DNA and Water From 10 eV to 100 KeV: Scar Macro Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aouina%20Nabila%20Yasmina">Aouina Nabila Yasmina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zine%20El%20Abidine%20Chaoui"> Zine El Abidine Chaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, understanding the interactions of electrons with the DNA molecule and its components has attracted considerable interest because DNA is the main site damaged by ionizing radiation. The interactions of radiation with DNA induce a variety of molecular damage such as single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, basic damage, cross-links between proteins and DNA, and others, or the formation of free radicals, which, by chemical reactions with DNA, can also lead to breakage of the strand. One factor that can contribute significantly to these processes is the effect of water hydration on the formation and reaction of radiation induced by these radicals in and / or around DNA. B-DNA requires about 30% by weight of water to maintain its native conformation in the crystalline state. The transformation depends on various factors such as sequence, ion composition, concentration and water activity. Partial dehydration converts it to DNA-A. The present study shows the results of theoretical calculations for positrons and electrons elastic scattering with DNA medium and water over a broad energy range from 10 eV to 100 keV. Indeed, electron elastic cross sections and elastic mean free paths are calculated using a corrected form of the independent atom method, taking into account the geometry of the biomolecule (SCAR macro). Moreover, the elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atoms of the biomolecule was evaluated by means of relativistic (Dirac) partial wave analysis. Our calculated results are compared with theoretical data available in the literature in the absence of experimental data, in particular for positron. As a central result, our electron elastic cross sections are in good agreement with existing theoretical data in the range of 10 eV to 1 keV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20cross%20scrion" title="elastic cross scrion">elastic cross scrion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20mean%20free%20path" title=" elastic mean free path"> elastic mean free path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scar%20macro%20method" title=" scar macro method"> scar macro method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20collision" title=" electron collision"> electron collision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179787/elastic-collisions-of-electrons-with-dna-and-water-from-10-ev-to-100-kev-scar-macro-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Chemical Aging of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE-100) in Interaction with Aggressive Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berkas%20Khaoula">Berkas Khaoula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoui%20Kamel"> Chaoui Kamel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyethylene (PE) pipes are one of the best options for water and gas transmission networks. The main reason for such a choice is its high-quality performance in service conditions over long periods of time. PE pipes are installed in contact with different soils having various chemical compositions with confirmed aggressiveness. As a result, PE pipe surfaces undergo unwanted oxidation reactions. Usually, the polymer mixture is designed to include some additives, such as anti-oxidants, to inhibit or reduce the degradation effects. Some other additives are intended to increase resistance to the ESC phenomenon associated with polymers (ESC: Environmental Stress Cracking). This situation occurs in contact with aggressive external environments following different contaminations of soil, groundwater and transported fluids. In addition, bacterial activity and other physical or chemical media, such as temperature and humidity, can play an enhancing role. These conditions contribute to modifying the PE pipe structure and degrade its properties during exposure. In this work, the effect of distilled water, sodium hypochlorite (bleach), diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and toluene-methanol (TM) mixture are studied when extruded PE samples are exposed to those environments for given periods. The chosen exposure periods are 7, 14 and 28 days at room temperature and in sealed glass containers. Post-exposure observations and ISO impact tests are presented as a function of time and chemical medium. Water effects are observed to be limited in explaining such use in real applications, whereas the changes in TM and acidic media are very significant. For the TM medium, the polymer toughness increased drastically (from 15.95 kJ/m² up to 32.01 kJ/m²), while sulfuric acid showed a steady augmentation over time. This situation may correspond to a hardening phenomenon of PE increasing its brittleness and its ability for structural degradation because of localized oxidation reactions and changes in crystallinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title="polyethylene">polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toluene-methanol%20mixture" title=" toluene-methanol mixture"> toluene-methanol mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20stress%20cracking" title=" environmental stress cracking"> environmental stress cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20resistance" title=" impact resistance"> impact resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168635/chemical-aging-of-high-density-polyethylene-hdpe-100-in-interaction-with-aggressive-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> 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