CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html;charset=utf-8;"> <title data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title">bid | Etymology of bid by etymonline</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" property="og:description" content=""to ask, entreat, beg, pray, beseech; order" (class V strong verb, past tense bæd, past… See origin and meaning of bid."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="https://www.etymonline.com/graphics/header.jpg"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <link data-react-helmet="true" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://www.etymonline.com/opensearch.xml" title="Etymonline Search"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/giehjnnlopapngdjbjjgddpaagoimmgl"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-96x96.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"/><link data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/style.1ca52a5f895b4c08a29e26a206c2dacb.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh" href="https://www.etymonline.com/cn/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="de" href="https://www.etymonline.com/de/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="es" href="https://www.etymonline.com/es/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr" href="https://www.etymonline.com/fr/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="it" href="https://www.etymonline.com/it/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ja" href="https://www.etymonline.com/jp/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ko" href="https://www.etymonline.com/kr/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="pt" href="https://www.etymonline.com/pt/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh-TW" href="https://www.etymonline.com/tw/word/bid"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid"/> <style data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css">@-webkit-keyframes slideDown{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}}@keyframes slideDown{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}}@-webkit-keyframes slideUp{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes slideUp{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}}</style> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script><script>window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []};</script> </head> <body> <div id="root"><div data-reactroot=""><div class="container--1mazc"><div class="header header--1Mejf header__vanila--2dqaM header--top header__sticky--1w7Bc"><div class="header__vanila__container--CElq1"><div class="ant-row"><div class="ant-col-sm-17"><div class="inner--7ZeMs" data-role="header-inner"><div class="header__logo--12Lje" data-role="header-logo"><a href="/" title="Etymology"><img class="header__logo__image--2avl2" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/web/logo.png" alt="Etymology"/></a></div><div class="header__searchbar--3yKr5" data-role="header-searchbar"><div class="searchform"><form class="searchbar--3dK8Z searchbar" action="/search"><div role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-owns="react-autowhatever-1" aria-expanded="false" class="searchbar__container--2VZd7"><input type="text" value="" autoComplete="off" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="react-autowhatever-1" class="searchbar__input--3L4IY" id="search-bar-text-input" placeholder="Search" name="q" required="" autoCapitalize="off" autoCorrect="off" title="Type a word to search."/><div id="react-autowhatever-1" role="listbox"></div></div><div class="search-clear"><i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i></div><input type="submit" title="Search" value="" class="searchbar__button--3luO1"/></form></div></div></div></div><div class="ant-col-sm-6 ant-col-sm-offset-1"><div class="userInfo--3pEnp"><a class="userInfo_login--1peTS" href="/web/login?redirect_uri=%2Fword%2Fbid" rel="nofollow">Log in</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="main main--10rAd" data-role="content-main"><div class="ant-row-flex ant-row-flex-space-around"><div class="ant-col-xs-24 ant-col-sm-24 ant-col-md-24 ant-col-lg-17"><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa"><div><div class="" style="position:relative"><h1 title="Origin and meaning of bid" class="word__name--TTbAA">bid<!-- --> <!-- -->(v.)</h1><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH"><p>probably an early Middle English mutual influence or confusion of two older words: The sense in <span class="foreign notranslate">bid farewell</span> is from Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">biddan</span> "to ask, entreat, beg, pray, beseech; order" (class V strong verb, past tense <span class="foreign notranslate">bæd</span>, past participle <span class="foreign notranslate">beden</span>), from Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*bedjanan</span> "to pray, entreat" (source also of German <span class="foreign notranslate">bitten</span> "to ask," attested in Old High German from 8c., also Old Saxon <span class="foreign notranslate">biddian</span>, Old Frisian <span class="foreign notranslate">bidda </span>"ask, request command," Old Norse <span class="foreign notranslate">biðja</span>, Gothic <span class="foreign notranslate">bidjan</span> "request"). This, according to Kluge and Watkins, is from a PIE root <span class="foreign notranslate">*gwhedh-</span> "to ask, pray" (see <a href="/word/bead#etymonline_v_8196" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of bead " class="crossreference notranslate">bead</a> (n.)).</p> <p>To <span class="foreign notranslate">bid</span> at an auction, meanwhile, is from Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">beodan</span> "offer, proclaim" (class II strong verb; past tense <span class="foreign notranslate">bead</span>, past participle <span class="foreign notranslate">boden</span>), from Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*beudanan</span> "to stretch out, reach out, offer, present," (source also of German <span class="foreign notranslate">bieten</span> "to offer," Old High German <span class="foreign notranslate">biatan</span>, also Old Saxon <span class="foreign notranslate">biodan</span>, Old Frisian <span class="foreign notranslate">biada</span>, Old Norse <span class="foreign notranslate">bjoða</span>, Gothic <span class="foreign notranslate">anabiudan</span> "to command"). This is (with a shift of meaning) from PIE root <a href="/word/*bheudh-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *bheudh- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*bheudh-</a> "be aware, make aware" (source also of <a href="/word/bode#etymonline_v_13676" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of bode " class="crossreference notranslate">bode</a> (v.)).</p></section><span></span></div></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa"><div><div class="" style="position:relative"><div id="etymonline_v_52800" style="position:absolute;top:-100px"></div><p title="Origin and meaning of bid" class="word__name--TTbAA">bid<!-- --> <!-- -->(n.)</p><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH"><p>1788, "an offer of a price," from <a href="/word/bid#etymonline_v_11126" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of bid " class="crossreference notranslate">bid</a> (v.). From 1880 in card-playing.</p></section><div class="word__firstRecorded--3lZB8">also from<!-- --> <a rel="nofollow" class="word__firstRecorded_time--28qNE" href="/search?sort=a&q=from:1788">1788</a></div></div></div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="words related to bid">Entries linking to <i>bid</i></h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of bead" href="/word/bead#etymonline_v_8196">bead<!-- --> <!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>mid-14c., <span class="foreign notranslate">bede</span>, "prayer bead," from Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">gebed</span> "prayer," with intensive or collective prefix <span class="foreign notranslate">*ge-</span> + Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*bidam</span> "entreaty." This reconstructed word is also the source of Middle Dutch <span class="foreign notranslate">bede</span>, Old High German <span class="foreign notranslate">beta</span>, German <span class="foreign notranslate">bitte</span>, Gothic <span class="foreign notranslate">bida</span> "prayer, request," which according to Watkins is from a PIE root <span class="foreign notranslate">*gwhedh-</span> "to ask, pray."</p> <p>The shift in meaning in English comes via rosary beads threaded on a string to count prayers, and in verbal phrases <span class="foreign notranslate">bid one's beads</span>, <span class="foreign notranslate">count one's beads</span>, etc. The German cognate <span class="foreign notranslate">Bitte</span> is the usual word for the conversational request "please." Compare Spanish <span class="foreign notranslate">cuentas</span> "the beads of a rosary," from <span class="foreign notranslate">contar</span> "to count."</p> <p>The word is also related to <a href="/word/bid" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of bid " class="crossreference notranslate">bid</a> (Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">biddan</span>) and Gothic <span class="foreign notranslate">bidjan</span> "to ask, pray." The sense in Modern English was further transferred to other small globular bodies, such as "drop of liquid" (1590s), "small knob forming front sight of a gun" (1831, Kentucky slang); hence <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>draw a bead on</strong></span> "take aim at," 1841, U.S. colloquial.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of bode" href="/word/bode#etymonline_v_13676">bode<!-- --> <!-- -->(v.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">bodian</span> "proclaim, announce; announce beforehand, foretell," from <span class="foreign notranslate">boda</span> "messenger," probably from Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*budon-</span> (source also of Old Saxon <span class="foreign notranslate">gibod</span>, German <span class="foreign notranslate">gebot</span>, Old Norse <span class="foreign notranslate">boð</span>), from PIE root <a href="/word/*bheudh-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *bheudh- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*bheudh-</a> "be aware, make aware."</p> <p>With <span class="foreign notranslate">good</span> or <span class="foreign notranslate">ill</span>, "give a (good or bad) portent or promise," late 14c. As a shortened form of <span class="foreign notranslate">forebode</span> "presage" (usually something evil), it dates from 1740. Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Boded</span>; <span class="foreign notranslate">boding</span>.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><ul class="related__container--22iKI"><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of bade" href="/word/bade"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">bade</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of bidden" href="/word/bidden"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">bidden</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of outbid" href="/word/outbid"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">outbid</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of underbid" href="/word/underbid"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">underbid</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of *bheudh-" href="/word/*bheudh-"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">*bheudh-</li></a><a class="related__more--1gm0U related__word--3Si0N" href="/word/bid/related"><li>See all related words (<!-- -->7<!-- -->) <!-- -->></li></a></ul></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="8757723469" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class="ngram--SmXCf"><h3 class="h3_title" title="Trends of bid">Trends of <i>bid</i></h3><div class="ngram__container--NwjaG" style="height:200px"><canvas id="ngram-chart"></canvas></div><div class="ngram__footer--3-9dX">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="More to Explore">More to Explore</h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="syn_ant" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of beseech" href="/word/beseech"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">beseech<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">c. 1200, bisecen "to entreat, beg urgently," from Old English besecan; see be- + seek. "In contrast to the simple vb., in which the northern seek has displaced the southern seech, in the compound beseech has become the standard form" [OED 2nd. ed. print, 1989]. Cognate with Old F</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="syn_ant" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of entreat" href="/word/entreat"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">entreat<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">c. 1400, "to enter into negotiations," especially "discuss or arrange peace terms;" also "to treat (someone) in a certain way," from Anglo-French entretier, Old French entraiter "to treat," from en- "make" (see en- (1)) + traiter "to treat" (see treat (v.)). Meaning "to beseech, </section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="syn_ant" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of adjure" href="/word/adjure"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">adjure<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">late 14c., adjuren, "to bind by oath; to question under oath;" c. 1400 as "to charge with an oath or under penalty of a curse," from Latin adiurare "confirm by oath, add an oath, to swear to in addition; call to witness," in Late Latin "to put (someone) to an oath," from ad "to" </section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of jussive" href="/word/jussive"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">jussive<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">"of a grammatical mode expressing command," 1825, with -ive + Latin iuss-, past participle stem of iubere "to bid, command...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of pass" href="/word/pass"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">pass<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">In cards, "the act of declining to make a bid," by 1923 in bridge....</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of heckle" href="/word/heckle"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">heckle<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">Figurative meaning "to question severely in a bid to uncover weakness" is from late 18c....</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of reformation" href="/word/reformation"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">reformation<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">The movement began as a bid to "reform" doctrines and practices of the Church of Rome....</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of direction" href="/word/direction"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">direction<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">late 14c., direccioun, "action of directing or guiding," from Latin directionem (nominative directio) "a making straight, a straight line, a directing (toward something)," noun of action from past-participle stem of dirigere "to set straight, arrange; give a particular direction </section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of declaration" href="/word/declaration"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">declaration<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">late 14c., declaracioun, "an explanation, a statement, action of stating clearly," from Old French declaration and directly from Latin declarationem (nominative declaratio) "a making clear or evident, a disclosure, exposition," noun of action from past-participle stem of declarar</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of bridge" href="/word/bridge"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">bridge<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">[structure that affords passage over a ravine or river] Middle English brigge, from Old English brycge, from Proto-Germanic *brugjo (source also of Old Saxon bruggia, Old Norse bryggja, Old Frisian brigge, Dutch brug, Old High German brucca, German Brücke), from PIE root *bhru "l</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div></div><div class="share-tool socialShare--223YS"><h3 title="Share bid to social networks" class="socialShare__title--34iP2">Share <i>bid</i></h3><div class="cite--1qJ-_ share-cite">‘<!-- -->cite<!-- -->’</div><a title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fbid" data-social-target="Facebook" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__facebook--2fm3U fa-facebook"></a><a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fbid&text=bid%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20bid%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Twitter" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__twitter--1iFxf fa-twitter"></a><a title="Share on Reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fbid&title=bid%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20bid%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Reddit" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__reddit--30bBu fa-reddit"></a><a title="Share on Email" href="mailto:?subject=bid%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20bid%20by%20etymonline&body=%22to%20ask%2C%20entreat%2C%20beg%2C%20pray%2C%20beseech%3B%20order%22%20(class%20V%20strong%20verb%2C%20past%20tense%20b%C3%A6d%2C%20past%E2%80%A6%20See%20origin%20and%20meaning%20of%20bid.%0Afrom%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fbid%20Find%20out%20more%20at%20etymonline.com" data-social-target="Email" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__email--3hVBm fa-email"></a><div class="cite__content--3ghsO cite-content"><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Page URL:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">HTML Link:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly=""><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid">Etymology of bid by etymonline</a></textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">APA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of bid. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Chicago style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper Douglas, “Etymology of bid,” Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid.</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">MLA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, Douglas. “Etymology of bid.” Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid. Accessed $(datetimeMla).</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">IEEE style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">D. Harper. “Etymology of bid.” Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid (accessed $(datetime)).</textarea></div></div><p class="wordDetail__date--3r7r8">updated on October 09, 2022</p><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="7656336158" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div></div><div class="ant-col-xs-24 ant-col-sm-24 ant-col-md-24 ant-col-lg-6"><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 removeAdsContainer--3mV2b horizontal"><a href="/premium?utm_source=remove_ads"><div class="removeAdsBtn--2W3KN">Remove ads ></div></a><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right" style="min-width:300px;min-height:250px"></div></div><div class="trending__normal--2eWJF"><h3 class="h3_title">Trending words</h3><ul><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of boycott" href="/word/boycott">1<!-- -->. <!-- -->boycott</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of pike" href="/word/pike">2<!-- -->. <!-- -->pike</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of ammunition" href="/word/ammunition">3<!-- -->. <!-- -->ammunition</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of moon" href="/word/moon">4<!-- -->. <!-- -->moon</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of language" href="/word/language">5<!-- -->. <!-- -->language</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of march" href="/word/march">6<!-- -->. <!-- -->march</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of tube" href="/word/tube">7<!-- -->. <!-- -->tube</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of frank" href="/word/frank">8<!-- -->. <!-- -->frank</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of berate" href="/word/berate">9<!-- -->. <!-- -->berate</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of catholic" href="/word/catholic">10<!-- -->. <!-- -->catholic</a></li></ul></div><div class="alphabetical--2oTZG"><h3 title="words in alphabetical order" class="h3_title">Dictionary entries near <i>bid</i></h3><a title="Origin and meaning of bicoastal" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bicoastal"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bicoastal</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of bicuspid" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bicuspid"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bicuspid</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of bicycle" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bicycle"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bicycle</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of bicycling" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bicycling"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bicycling</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of bicyclist" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bicyclist"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bicyclist</p></a><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2 alphabetical__active--FCYcm">bid</p><a title="Origin and meaning of bidden" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bidden"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bidden</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of biddy" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/biddy"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">biddy</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of bide" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bide"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bide</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of bidet" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bidet"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bidet</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of bidirectional" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/bidirectional"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">bidirectional</p></a></div></div></div></div><div class="alphabet--3sMXd"><ul class="alphabet__inner--2NEtM"><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter A"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=a">A</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter B"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=b">B</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter C"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=c">C</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter D"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=d">D</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter E"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=e">E</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter F"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=f">F</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter G"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=g">G</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter H"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=h">H</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter I"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=i">I</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter J"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=j">J</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter K"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=k">K</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter L"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=l">L</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter M"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=m">M</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter N"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=n">N</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter O"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=o">O</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter P"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=p">P</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Q"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=q">Q</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter R"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=r">R</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter S"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=s">S</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter T"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=t">T</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter U"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=u">U</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter V"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=v">V</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter W"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=w">W</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter X"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=x">X</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Y"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=y">Y</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Z"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=z">Z</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer--zLQrv"><div class="footer__info--3VNMU"><div class="footer__info_inner--1aVeV"><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">LINKS</p><a rel="" href="https://forum.etymonline.com" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Forum</a><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/sources" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Full List of Sources</a><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/links" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Links</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">PRODUCTS</p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id813629612?pt=33423801&ct=etymonline_footer&mt=8" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">iOS App</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.etymonline.app&referrer=utm_source%3Detymonline_webfooter" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Android App</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/etymonline/giehjnnlopapngdjbjjgddpaagoimmgl?utm_source=link_footer" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Chrome Extension</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">ABOUT</p><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/bio" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Who Did This</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.etymonline.com/columns/post/abbr" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Introduction and Explanation</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.facebook.com/etymonline?utm_source=etymonline_footer&utm_medium=link_exchange" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Follow on Facebook</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">SUPPORT</p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=byronic106@yahoo.com&lc=US&item_name=Donation+to +Help+Keep+Etymonline+Free+and+Open&no_note=0&cn=&curency_code=USD&bn=PP-DonationsBF:btn_donateCC_LG.gif:NonHosted" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Donate with PayPal</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/godgifu/shop?artistUserName=godgifu&collections=1692216&utm_source=etymonline_footer" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Ye Olde Swag Shoppe</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.patreon.com/etymonline?utm_source=etymonline.com&utm_campaign=footer_link&utm_medium=website" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Support on Patreon</a></div></div></div><div class="footer__link--1RSEJ footer__link_padding--1oYre"><div class="footer__link_inner--KP2Wz"><div><a href="mailto:etymonline@protonmail.com" title="Douglas Harper" rel="nofollow">© 2001-2025<!-- --> <!-- -->Douglas Harper</a><span style="color:#888"> | </span><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/legal/terms" title="Terms of Service" rel="nofollow">Terms of Service</a><span style="color:#888"> | </span><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/legal/privacy" title="Privacy Policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a></div><div style="position:relative"><span id="language-change" class="footer__language_label--1E9_x">English (English)<!-- --> <svg width="10" height="12" viewBox="0 0 10 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5 0L0 5H10L5 0ZM0 7L5 12L10 7H0Z" fill="#858585"></path></svg></span><ul id="language-selector" class="footer__language--H9nbK"><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO" style="display:none"><a href="/word/bid">English (English)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/cn/word/bid">简体中文 (Chinese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/de/word/bid">Deutsch (German)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/es/word/bid">Español (Spanish)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/fr/word/bid">Français (French)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/it/word/bid">Italiano (Italian)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/jp/word/bid">日本語 (Japanese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/kr/word/bid">한국어 (Korean)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/pt/word/bid">Português (Portuguese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/tw/word/bid">繁體中文 (Chinese)</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="backtop"><div class="backtop-content"><i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i></div></div></div></div></div> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-YGHSRMYRTV"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-YGHSRMYRTV', { 'custom_map': {'dimension1': 'UserRole'} }); gtag('event', 'user_role_set', {'UserRole': 'guest'}); </script> <script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/remove-ads-iconfont.js?t=10"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/plugins.2ad87a733ad1b7fbd7d2.js" async="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript"> 'use strict';var extensionBait=document.querySelector('.extensionHint'),isChrome=navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome')>-1,bannerExtension=document.querySelector('.bait'),hintClose=document.querySelector('.hint-closer');!extensionBait||!isChrome||bannerExtension||window.localStorage.getItem('etymonline-extension-installed')||window.localStorage.getItem('extension_banner_clicked')||setTimeout(function(){extensionBait.style.marginTop=0},1e3),hintClose&&hintClose.addEventListener('click',function(){extensionBait.style.marginTop='-64px',window.localStorage.setItem('extension_banner_clicked',!0)}),extensionBait&&extensionBait.addEventListener('click',function(){}); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="application/ld+json"> [{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com#website", "url": "https://www.etymonline.com", "name": "Etymonline", "alternateName": "Online Etymology Dictionary", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.etymonline.com/search?q={search_term_string}&utm_campaign=sd&utm_medium=serp&utm_source=ds_search", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "bid | Etymology of bid by etymonline", "url": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid", "description": "to ask, entreat, beg, pray, beseech; order (class V strong verb, past tense bæd, past… See origin and meaning of bid.", "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com#website" } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": ["DefinedTermSet", "Book"], "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com", "name": "Dictionary and etymology by etymonline", "description": "An online etymology dictionary providing the origin and history of English words" }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/bid", "name": "bid", "inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.etymonline.com" }] </script><script data-react-helmet="true" >"serviceWorker"in navigator&&navigator.serviceWorker.getRegistrations().then(function(e){for(let r of e)r.unregister()});</script><script data-react-helmet="true" >googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/21669543020/pc_wd_right', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right').setTargeting("refresh", 'true').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/21669543020/pc_wd_top', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top').setTargeting("refresh", 'true').addService(googletag.pubads()); var SECONDS_TO_WAIT_AFTER_VIEWABILITY = 105; // Object to keep track of the number of refreshes per slot var slotRefreshes = {}; googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; // Initialize the count for this slot if it's the first time if (!slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()]) { slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()] = 0; } if (slot.getTargeting("refresh").indexOf("true") > -1) { const refreshTime = Math.floor(Math.random() * 15) + SECONDS_TO_WAIT_AFTER_VIEWABILITY; // Only refresh the slot if it has been refreshed less than 3 times if (slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()] < 3) { setTimeout(function() { console.log("reload", slot.getSlotElementId()); apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: slot.getSlotElementId(), slotName: slot.getAdUnitPath(), sizes: slot.getSizes().map(function(size) { return [size.getWidth(), size.getHeight()]; }) }], timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh([slot]); }); }); // Increment the refresh count for this slot slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()]++; }, refreshTime * 1000); } } }); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" >!function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g){if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r){a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])}a[a9]={init:function(){q("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){q("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]};A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"); apstag.init({ pubID: '7013ff7d-a08e-4dca-9729-1643e28c88b5', adServer: 'googletag' }); // Fetch bids from APS apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right', slotName: '/21669543020/pc_wd_right', sizes: [[300, 250]] }, { slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top', slotName: '/21669543020/pc_wd_top', sizes: [[728, 90]] }], timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { // Set apstag targeting on googletag, then display the slots googletag.cmd.push(function(){ apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh(); }); googletag.cmd.push(function(){ googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right'); googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top'); }); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript"> $('section').click(function(e) { if(e.target.className === 'crossreference' && e.target.nodeName === 'SPAN') { location.href = window.location.origin + '/word/' + e.target.innerText } }) $('a[data-more]').hover( function() { $(this).find('.fa-chevron-right').animate({ opacity: 1 }, 100); }, function() { $(this).find('.fa-chevron-right').animate({ opacity: 0 }, 100); }) $('.word-relation-see-more').click(function(e) { $(this).css('display', 'none'); $(this).prev().css({'max-height': '100%'}); }) </script><script data-react-helmet="true" > function generateChart() { const startYear = 1800; const data = [{"label":"bid (v.)","data":[0.000018066291219535438,0.00001827827503196507,0.000018396466960742448,0.000018509241514645206,0.000018693794239273605,0.000018280585451672474,0.000018516453080034503,0.00001855424270615913,0.000018352742699789815,0.00001827793166739866,0.0000179630675726609,0.000017601340247589783,0.000017156086323666385,0.000017086621179866295,0.00001703312918834854,0.000017037019157821003,0.000016773133999474037,0.000016761540973675437,0.000016462461038220983,0.000016073476581368594,0.000015919576374775108,0.0000158518053770725,0.00001573674696070763,0.000015712459025962743,0.000015488282466928165,0.000015408678033660788,0.000015478746414980076,0.0000155264157607841,0.000015182147823603979,0.000014696774754459814,0.00001439742251629165,0.000014076963270781562,0.000013944333174246519,0.000013721147661271971,0.00001357341128217134,0.000013533594695521363,0.000013470124758896419,0.000013507675733611298,0.000013435602583437383,0.00001328953264116232,0.000013426730765786487,0.00001333361403036785,0.00001323933641591187,0.00001331994832677689,0.000013272048393749477,0.000013264159497339278,0.000013326816466966799,0.000013222625299628514,0.000013180954495813542,0.000013102063409557255,0.000013068456670832044,0.000012987500789070812,0.000012870359508572923,0.000012842804790125228,0.00001273905302999386,0.000012611034920458527,0.000012472482558223419,0.000012444698465211937,0.000012294595823429214,0.000012264068451865266,0.000012150144175393508,0.000012088758558093104,0.000011967836932550806,0.000011858291448637223,0.00001175314331097373,0.000011493248166516423,0.00001131800842510226,0.000011151131608736857,0.000011049605927837546,0.000011006537655096811,0.000010874374796306559,0.000010804235231868613,0.000010682933316275012,0.000010582813774817624,0.000010436175883417793,0.000010331769226468169,0.00001021477770943117,0.000010072454036465691,0.00000999292472746068,0.000009879440282626699,0.000009854045007765914,0.000009793716465840892,0.000009771463980238575,0.00000961480970242216,0.000009483048779657111,0.000009441961568275777,0.000009391971131359848,0.000009288286188772569,0.000009191656439118863,0.00000912244746965977,0.00000904611400377083,0.000008900654635605558,0.00000897890774164504,0.000008937115732502813,0.000008969361139558411,0.000008906895770148064,0.000008819181493890937,0.000008709940569436488,0.000008606642677477793,0.000008522153984813486,0.000008415584822311455,0.00000826563073133002,0.000008200033516914117,0.00000809358947056656,0.000007927664440406563,0.000007814946608656706,0.000007653276497876504,0.000007356590352477118,0.000007151941008487483,0.0000069133792142868815,0.000006742925779690267,0.000006568756422590619,0.000006418229562162499,0.000006315324420332521,0.00000620921709924005,0.000006093105851808408,0.000006054200487900137,0.00000594806388107827,0.000005878406288199282,0.0000058622262561887815,0.000005834119747305522,0.000005802012856293004,0.000005801940763679643,0.000005765690608920219,0.000005734771184506826,0.00000572922772335005,0.000005766133290308062,0.000005837095977767604,0.00000585935270767853,0.000005844151110068196,0.000005819636347344688,0.0000057609955244212564,0.000005692551318740394,0.000005622190838039387,0.000005588184679557647,0.000005527399450026375,0.000005483342344329382,0.000005366064760892186,0.0000052817655766072375,0.000005213812043317982,0.000005118759933490461,0.000005006872985783654,0.0000048304281638896405,0.000004687784985435428,0.000004652416070409041,0.000004658082586198968,0.000004592592631524894,0.00000454108088282131,0.000004537122670929724,0.000004452344516418331,0.000004404163488895089,0.0000043460564180956375,0.000004353929004234184,0.000004342719542667813,0.000004343591172073502,0.0000043460686356411316,0.0000043451069056269866,0.000004333311335358303,0.0000043439564857787145,0.00000430763457188732,0.000004242170780344167,0.000004234432011192742,0.0000042309484039530314,0.000004178123011418696,0.000004127179287631103,0.0000040552173535009695,0.000004015704492606649,0.000003990953837273992,0.000003983531390379842,0.000003919746571530899,0.000003867508015294637,0.000003835789614943981,0.0000038213459599016154,0.0000037917109087478215,0.000003738387355648835,0.000003681086930858631,0.00000364058582817961,0.000003601099948961443,0.000003563122709238087,0.000003556056344677927,0.0000035343819187498108,0.00000354182235848081,0.0000035078277960565176,0.0000034787090195701845,0.0000034671554961581325,0.000003456536281494967,0.000003436841416259995,0.0000034268652295092275,0.0000034085633160430007,0.000003413441042236324,0.000003411023756901462,0.0000034351494681080414,0.000003435920719615145,0.0000034623789360921363,0.000003485252909740666,0.0000034979173202979533,0.0000034960506127390543,0.0000035318976946048983,0.0000035575499623519134,0.0000036165444119736397,0.000003656618309832993,0.0000037231032062360706,0.0000037703587925837687,0.00000382118403952821,0.000003828805150381716,0.000003834002109215362,0.0000038192550315822395,0.000003843685287089708,0.000003849287683503159,0.000003836154655800783,0.000003910203804480261,0.0000040299046759173505,0.000004095565282113967,0.000004119200168263758,0.000004115273598542374,0.000004131987926333143,0.000004111543624028193,0.000004101543186152412,0.000004097441054303393,0.000004151656412432203]},{"label":"bid (n.)","data":[0.000004491566899863149,0.0000044837180515363196,0.0000044480859893762196,0.00000442616092186654,0.000004427772303946161,0.0000042135692486529786,0.000004203377193334745,0.000004173662985825407,0.000004067032584013456,0.000004001276935620505,0.000003936728232171542,0.000003899306875609909,0.0000037458915812749184,0.0000036411336471549777,0.000003610475399303444,0.0000035892665437131653,0.0000035031026224411716,0.000003481001249383553,0.0000034358861588164775,0.0000033473696627576525,0.000003343818434586865,0.0000033329453344776993,0.000003309306536417959,0.000003317475905835939,0.0000033090750700163577,0.00000358685765604605,0.0000035726057982780428,0.0000036473544696491444,0.0000036974952460392766,0.000003633315160792942,0.0000035837148971040735,0.000003514794025250012,0.000003501966299760776,0.0000034333432116303204,0.000003438417328046247,0.000003444436894521156,0.000003466006683083833,0.0000034833095772531427,0.0000034818330883960396,0.0000034715340613426332,0.000003214481921531842,0.0000032246912724076536,0.00000314288539205639,0.0000031338442871250058,0.000003138879901598557,0.000003217777217893551,0.0000032806111297153015,0.0000033168098980240755,0.0000033849050851131324,0.000003428587691208425,0.0000034829376242366075,0.0000035505081238322116,0.0000036397272651811365,0.000003747039969918357,0.0000037737789625680308,0.000003833166586749333,0.000003847032045693292,0.000003959316579008979,0.000003973558053379141,0.0000040260144032799875,0.000004023827614219044,0.000004314629192473755,0.0000043567776477478524,0.000004366907326887789,0.000004412429871081258,0.000004478747556883415,0.0000045119928320976515,0.000004566170521987563,0.000004620690090935871,0.000005034161343549689,0.0000051684855255492344,0.000005282583909623403,0.00000541052246868882,0.000005470560487689605,0.0000056193500313383994,0.0000056854976113148345,0.000005565270021179458,0.000005669712087789472,0.0000058969995431349766,0.000006054081829158046,0.0000061281230046006385,0.000006223264184275952,0.000006432865029637469,0.000006508945807581767,0.0000062796022878804555,0.000006418682369258022,0.0000065052346447676735,0.000006525552998937201,0.0000066774143609412325,0.000006821182887506439,0.0000070228965038647095,0.000007175185904391886,0.000007318088682950474,0.000007355465489429965,0.000007445089280129954,0.000007528462962606378,0.000007618719549403371,0.000007539301168435486,0.000007642931996088009,0.000007766688031551894,0.000007808136554861752,0.000007942227117988902,0.000008083800154660519,0.000008139252956122316,0.000008149592576955911,0.00000824132039269898,0.00000834531395715506,0.000008505331485745653,0.000008739730280164319,0.000009007883454614784,0.0000092575017940059,0.000009425584630662343,0.000009743717782839667,0.000010024020290681317,0.000010259950371012867,0.00001043525074540715,0.000010429985134881766,0.000010321109372550079,0.000010251901191319727,0.000010300840676791267,0.000010174511377651167,0.000010072885227903802,0.00000995972892875822,0.000009787469904646666,0.000009535012365328536,0.000009475593924435088,0.000009448825009409726,0.000009397398298460757,0.000009261386761257503,0.000009097367880409972,0.000008935038416287473,0.000009009705687882766,0.000009212325433812415,0.000009374183355248533,0.000009632647500742072,0.000009762034096638672,0.000009773081122451307,0.000009752801209591174,0.000009713917946404156,0.000009764842313112846,0.000009698193268074344,0.000009611195188578374,0.000009502814403579881,0.000009375959537768115,0.000009423973339532192,0.000009462181333219633,0.000009438745776909247,0.000009472848068980965,0.000009658672145936483,0.00000950520898186369,0.00000967873838817468,0.00000985642315451211,0.000010057808746447941,0.000010253127402393148,0.000010433570666161056,0.000010596985339361708,0.000010791913882712834,0.000010837785824454234,0.00001096108547547677,0.000011035036550310906,0.000011111931902026603,0.000011202872580421777,0.000011199776660456942,0.000011111373532912694,0.000011148308476549574,0.000011057812904861446,0.000010978699295568125,0.00001091035137505969,0.000010828778007028935,0.000010684863930994955,0.000010612351312981142,0.000010591586881976885,0.000010606396911801614,0.000010647729565486467,0.000010634851363041282,0.000010650175378638474,0.000010754061137655906,0.00001088421904569259,0.000010993405279198972,0.000011116556743218098,0.000011232153277281516,0.000011514237485243939,0.000011705119201603035,0.000011883955024435029,0.000012043267452099826,0.000012130214357360576,0.000012218825819824512,0.000012352691616494364,0.000012502880599640775,0.000012667855965749671,0.000012784731552528683,0.000013210308073515383,0.0000132669306670626,0.000013293719287806501,0.000013270179564036273,0.000013218722051533404,0.000013053257922971777,0.000012919682012579869,0.000012886244621768129,0.000012831639772533283,0.000012747793274077897,0.000012591721254769558,0.000012385771272723408,0.000012131620678701438,0.00001179194047532898,0.000011416076843791718,0.000010646959102208106,0.000010199631196883274,0.000009765113615382385,0.000009363651800716373,0.00000899824211349672,0.000008606908644045082,0.00000825371844257461,0.000007968794112197689,0.00000770579005732613,0.0000074662096570439944,0.000007240912302884019,0.000007027264655334875,0.000006768134880985599,0.000006576331657015544]}]; const datasets = data.map(dataset => { return { label: dataset.label, data: dataset.data.map((value, index) => { return { x: startYear + index, y: value * 1e6 }; }), fill: false, tension: 0.1, pointRadius: 1, pointHitRadius: 3, }; }); const ctx = document.getElementById('ngram-chart').getContext('2d'); const chart=new Chart(ctx,{type:"line",data:{datasets:datasets},options:{maintainAspectRatio:false,responsive:true,interaction:{mode:"index",intersect:false},scales:{x:{type:"linear",title:{display:false},ticks:{autoSkip:true,maxTicksLimit:20,callback:function(value){return value.toString().replace(/,/g,"")}},min:1800,max:2019},y:{type:"linear",title:{display:true,text:"Frequency (per million)"}}},plugins:{tooltip:{mode:"index",callbacks:{title:function(context){const firstPoint=context[0];return firstPoint.parsed.x.toString().replace(/,/g,"")}}},legend:{display: datasets.length > 1,labels:{color:"#83001d",font:{size:14,weight:"bold"}},onHover:function(event,legendItem,legend){event.native.target.style.cursor="pointer"},onLeave:function(event,legendItem,legend){event.native.target.style.cursor="default"}}}},plugins:[{beforeDatasetsDraw:(chart)=>{if(chart.tooltip?._active?.length){let x=chart.tooltip._active[0].element.x;let yAxis=chart.scales.y;let ctx=chart.ctx;ctx.save();ctx.beginPath();ctx.moveTo(x,yAxis.top);ctx.lineTo(x,yAxis.bottom);ctx.lineWidth=1;ctx.strokeStyle="#9b9b9b";ctx.stroke();ctx.restore()}}}]}); } </script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/chart.js" onLoad="generateChart()" async="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" > $('.share-cite').click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass('cite-checked'); const checked = $(this).hasClass('cite-checked'); if (checked) { $('.cite-content').slideDown() } else { $('.cite-content').slideUp() } }) function selectText(element) { if (document.selection) { var range = document.body.createTextRange(); range.moveToElementText(element); range.select(); } else if (window.getSelection) { var range = document.createRange(); range.selectNodeContents(element); window.getSelection().removeAllRanges(); window.getSelection().addRange(range); } } $('.cite-textarea').click(function () { selectText($(this)[0]) }); $(document).ready(function () { const monthNames = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]; const d = new Date(), month = monthNames[d.getMonth()], day = '' + d.getDate(), year = d.getFullYear(); $(".cite-textarea").each(function (i, e) { const newText = $(this).text() .replace('$(datetime)', month + " " + day + "," + " " + year) .replace('$(datetimeMla)', day + " " + month + "," + " " + year) $(this).text(newText) }); setTimeout(() => {const hash='#'+(window.location.hash.substring(1)||'_');const offset = $(hash).offset();if (offset) $([document.documentElement, document.body]).animate({scrollTop: offset.top}, 300);}, 500); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript">'use strict';function addADJS(){var b=document.createElement('script');b.src='//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7093273770345366',b.async=!0,document.body.appendChild(b)}var script=document.createElement('script');document.querySelectorAll('.adsbygoogle').forEach(function(){script.text+='(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});'});addADJS();document.body.appendChild(script);</script><script data-react-helmet="true" > $(window).on('scroll', function() { if($(this).scrollTop() > 300) { $('.backtop').show('fast') } else { $('.backtop').hide('fast') } }) $('.backtop').click(function() { $('body,html').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 500) }) </script> </body> </html>