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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> 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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ภาวะหัวเล็กเกิน</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 41 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3" title="صغر الرأس – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صغر الرأس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocefalija" title="Mikrocefalija – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mikrocefalija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcef%C3%A0lia" title="Microcefàlia – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Microcefàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocefalie" title="Mikrocefalie – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mikrocefalie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microceffali" title="Microceffali – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Microceffali" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocephali" title="Mikrocephali – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mikrocephali" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrozephalie" title="Mikrozephalie – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mikrozephalie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μικροκεφαλία – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μικροκεφαλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcephaly" title="Microcephaly – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Microcephaly" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocefalio" title="Mikrocefalio – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mikrocefalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcefalia" title="Microcefalia – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microcefalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrozefalia" title="Mikrozefalia – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikrozefalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="میکروسفالی – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میکروسفالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrokefalia" title="Mikrokefalia – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mikrokefalia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microc%C3%A9phalie" title="Microcéphalie – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Microcéphalie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="מיקרוצפליה – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיקרוצפליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrokef%C3%A1lia" title="Mikrokefália – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mikrokefália" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Միկրոցեֆալիա – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միկրոցեֆալիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosefalus" title="Mikrosefalus – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mikrosefalus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcefalia" title="Microcefalia – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Microcefalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%87" title="小頭症 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="小頭症" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%91%90%EC%A6%9D" title="소두증 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소두증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Микроцефалия – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Микроцефалия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocef%C4%81lija" title="Mikrocefālija – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mikrocefālija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcefalie" title="Microcefalie – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Microcefalie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrokefali" title="Mikrokefali – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mikrokefali" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocefalia" title="Mikrocefalia – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mikrocefalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcefalia" title="Microcefalia – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microcefalia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcefalie" title="Microcefalie – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Microcefalie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Микроцефалия – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Микроцефалия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocefalija" title="Mikrocefalija – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mikrocefalija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ක්ෂුද්‍රකපාල ව්‍යාධිය – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්ෂුද්‍රකපාල ව්‍යාධිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocef%C3%A1lia" title="Mikrocefália – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mikrocefália" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocefalija" title="Mikrocefalija – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mikrocefalija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Микроцефалија – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Микроцефалија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrocefali" title="Mikrocefali – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikrocefali" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="குறுந்தலை – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறுந்தலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosefali" title="Mikrosefali – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mikrosefali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мікроцефалія – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мікроцефалія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosefaliya" title="Mikrosefaliya – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mikrosefaliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%A0%AD%E7%95%B8%E5%BD%A2" title="小頭畸形 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小頭畸形" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q431643#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> 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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#ccc">ภาวะหัวเล็กเกิน<br /><small>(Microcephaly)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg/300px-Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg/450px-Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg/600px-Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">A baby with microcephaly (left) compared to a baby with a typical head size</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="การออกเสียง">การออกเสียง</a></th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: มีพยางค์เน้นรองตามหลัง">ˌ</span><span title="'m' ใน 'my'">m</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' ใน 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' ใน 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' ใน 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' ใน 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: มีพยางค์เน้นหนักสุดตามหลัง">ˈ</span><span title="'s' ใน 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' ใน 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' ใน 'find'">f</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' ใน 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' ใน 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' ใน 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="การแพทย์เฉพาะทาง">สาขาวิชา</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurology" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurology">Neurology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="อาการ">อาการ</a></th><td>Abnormally small head and brain, neurological impairments</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">การตั้งต้น</th><td>Congenital</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สาเหตุ</th><td>Usually genetic or toxin exposure during pregnancy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="การป้องกัน">การป้องกัน</a></th><td>Avoiding <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_consumption_while_pregnant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcohol consumption while pregnant (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">alcohol consumption while pregnant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ความชุก">ความชุก</a></th><td>2-12 per 10,000 births <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ภาวะหัวเล็กเกิน</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">microcephaly</span>) เป็นความผิดปกติของการเจริญทางประสาท (neurodevelopmental disorder) เป็นอาการแสดงทางประสาทวิทยาที่สำคัญ แต่ไม่มีนิยามเป็นเอกภาพ โดยปกตินิยามว่า<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เส้นรอบวงศีรษะ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เส้นรอบวงศีรษะ</a>ต่ำเกินสอง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน">ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน</a>ต่ำกว่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2" title="ค่าเฉลี่ย">ค่าเฉลี่ย</a>สำหรับอายุและเพศ<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ภาวะหัวเล็กเกินอาจ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="ความผิดปกติแต่กำเนิด">เป็นแต่กำเนิด</a>หรืออาจเป็นในช่วงปีแรก ๆ ของชีวิต ความผิดปกตินี้อาจกำเนิดจากหลายภาวะซึ่งทำให้การเจริญของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สมอง">สมอง</a>ผิดปกติ หรือจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="กลุ่มอาการ">กลุ่มอาการ</a>ที่สัมพันธ์กับความผิดปกติของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1" title="โครโมโซม">โครโมโซม</a> </p><p>โดยทั่วไป อายุคาดหมายของปัจเจกบุคคลที่มีภาวะหัวเล็กเกินลดลงและพยากรณ์โรคสำหรับการทำหน้าที่ของสมองปกตินั้นเลว พยากรณ์โรคแตกต่างกันขึ้นอยู่กับการมีความผิดปกติร่วมด้วย </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9843-microcephaly">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9843-microcephaly</a> <i>Cleveland Clinic</i>. Accessed October 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLevitonHolmesAllredVargas2002" class="citation journal cs1">Leviton, A.; Holmes, L. B.; Allred, E. N.; Vargas, J. (2002). "Methodologic issues in epidemiologic studies of congenital microcephaly". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Human_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Human Development (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Early Hum Dev</a></i>. <b>69</b> (1): 91–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-3782%2802%2900065-8">10.1016/S0378-3782(02)00065-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Hum+Dev&rft.atitle=Methodologic+issues+in+epidemiologic+studies+of+congenital+microcephaly&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=91-105&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0378-3782%2802%2900065-8&rft.aulast=Leviton&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Holmes%2C+L.+B.&rft.au=Allred%2C+E.+N.&rft.au=Vargas%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFOpitzHolt1990" class="citation journal cs1">Opitz, J. M.; Holt, M. C. (1990). "Microcephaly: general considerations and aids to nosology". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Craniofacial_Genetics_and_Developmental_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol</a></i>. <b>10</b> (2): 75–204. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2211965">2211965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Craniofac+Genet+Dev+Biol&rft.atitle=Microcephaly%3A+general+considerations+and+aids+to+nosology&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=75-204&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2211965&rft.aulast=Opitz&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Holt%2C+M.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.99"></span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827797">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827805">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9259874">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> <b>ภาวะหัวเล็กเกิน</b> ที่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="วิกิพีเดีย:โครงการพี่น้อง"><span id="sister-projects">โครงการพี่น้อง</span></a>ของวิกิพีเดีย</div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/ภาวะหัวเล็กเกิน">หาความหมาย</a>จากวิกิพจนานุกรม</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microcephaly" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Microcephaly">ภาพและสื่อ</a>จากคอมมอนส์</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/ภาวะหัวเล็กเกิน">เนื้อหาข่าว</a>จากวิกิข่าว</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/Microcephaly">Microcephaly</a></i> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">NINDS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microcephaly.co.uk/">Microcephaly Support Group</a></li></ul> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row">การจำแนกโรค</th><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431643" class="extiw" title="d:Q431643">D</a></div><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q02">Q02</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ICD-9_codes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ICD-9 codes (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=742.1">742.1</a></li><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">OMIM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/251200">251200</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D008831">D008831</a></li><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diseases_Database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diseases Database (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb22629.htm">22629</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ทรัพยากรภายนอก</th><td style="text-align:left;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=MedlinePlus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MedlinePlus (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003272.htm">003272</a></li><li><b>Scholia</b>: <a class="external text" 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href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ICD-9_codes_740%E2%80%93759:_congenital_anomalies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ICD-9 codes 740–759: congenital anomalies (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">740–742</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_brain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human brain (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Brain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neural_tube_defect" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural tube defect">Neural tube defect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anencephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anencephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Anencephaly</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Acephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acrania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acrania (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Acrania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acalvaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acalvaria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Acalvaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iniencephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iniencephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Iniencephaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalocele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encephalocele (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Encephalocele</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold%E2%80%93Chiari_malformation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold–Chiari malformation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Arnold–Chiari malformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcephaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcephaly">Microcephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrocephalus">Congenital hydrocephalus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dandy%E2%80%93Walker_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandy–Walker syndrome">Dandy–Walker syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>other reduction deformities</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holoprosencephaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Holoprosencephaly">Holoprosencephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissencephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissencephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Lissencephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachygyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachygyria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Pachygyria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydranencephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydranencephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hydranencephaly</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Septo-optic_dysplasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Septo-optic dysplasia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Septo-optic dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megalencephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megalencephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Megalencephaly</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_nervous_system_cyst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central nervous system cyst (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">CNS cyst</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porencephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porencephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Porencephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schizencephaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schizencephaly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Schizencephaly</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polymicrogyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polymicrogyria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Polymicrogyria</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilateral_frontoparietal_polymicrogyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal cord">Spinal cord</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neural_tube_defect" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural tube defect">Neural tube defect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spina_bifida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spina bifida (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Spina bifida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachischisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachischisis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Rachischisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Currarino_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Currarino syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Currarino syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastomatomyelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diastomatomyelia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Diastomatomyelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syringomyelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Syringomyelia">Syringomyelia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><hr /> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="กล่องท้ายเรื่องที่เกี่ยวกับ:ระบบประสาทกลาง" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่แบบ:กล่องท้ายเรื่อง การแพทย์">กล่องท้ายเรื่อง</a>ที่เกี่ยวกับ:<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ระบบประสาทกลาง">ระบบประสาทกลาง</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Nervous_system" class="mw-redirect" title="แม่แบบ:Nervous system">กายวิภาค</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Meninges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Meninges (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เยื่อหุ้มสมอง</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Spinal_cord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Spinal cord (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไขสันหลัง</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Medulla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Medulla (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เมดัลลา</a>/<a 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href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="แม่แบบ:ไดเอนเซฟาลอน">ไดเอนเซฟาลอน</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Cerebral_cortex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Cerebral cortex (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คอร์เท็กซ์</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Association_fibers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Association fibers (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ใยประสาทประสาน</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Commissural_fibers_and_septum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Commissural fibers and septum (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ใยประสาทเชื่อมต่อ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="แม่แบบ:โพรงสมองข้าง">โพรงสมองข้าง</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Rostral_basal_ganglia_and_associated_structures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Rostral basal ganglia and associated structures (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เบซัลแกงเกลีย</a>) /<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Nervous_system_physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Nervous system physiology (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สรีรวิทยา</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Development_of_nervous_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Development of nervous system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คัพภวิทยา</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;background:silver;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:โรคของประสาทส่วนกลาง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โรค</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="แม่แบบ:โรคของเยื่อหุ้มสมอง">เยื่อหุ้มสมอง</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="แม่แบบ:โรคเยื่อหุ้มไมอีลินของระบบประสาทส่วนกลางถูกทำลาย">เยื่อหุ้มไมอีลินเสื่อม</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Seizures_and_epilepsy" class="mw-redirect" title="แม่แบบ:Seizures and epilepsy">ชัก</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B0" title="แม่แบบ:ปวดศีรษะ">ปวดศีรษะ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="แม่แบบ:โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง">โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Sleep" title="แม่แบบ:Sleep">การหลับ</a>)/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_nervous_system" class="mw-redirect" title="แม่แบบ:Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system">ความผิดปกติแต่กำเนิด</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Nervous_system_tumors" class="mw-redirect" title="แม่แบบ:Nervous system tumors">เนื้องอก</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Nervous_and_musculoskeletal_system_symptoms_and_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="แม่แบบ:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and 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href="/wiki/ATC_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_N" title="ATC รหัส N">ยา</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:General_anesthetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:General anesthetics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">N1A</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Analgesics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Analgesics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">2AB</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Antimigraine_preparations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Antimigraine preparations (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">C</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Anticonvulsants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Anticonvulsants (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">3</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Antiparkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Antiparkinson (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">4</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Cholinergics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Cholinergics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">7A</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Antiaddictives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Antiaddictives (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">B</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Antivertigo_preparations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Antivertigo preparations (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">C</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Other_nervous_system_drugs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Other nervous system drugs (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">D</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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