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id="toc-2008–2018:_Continued_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–2018:_Continued_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2008–2018: Continued growth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–2018:_Continued_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019–present:_Studio_expansions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019–present:_Studio_expansions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2019–present: Studio expansions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019–present:_Studio_expansions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Company structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Company_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Company structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Company_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Publishers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Publishers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Former </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Developers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Former </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_holdings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_holdings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Other holdings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_holdings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Litigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games_published" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games_published"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Games published </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games_published-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Take-Two Interactive</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" > 35 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81" title="تيك-تو إنترأكتيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيك-تو إنترأكتيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="تیک-تو اینتراکتیو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیک-تو اینتراکتیو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD" title="টেক-টু ইন্টারেক্টিভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেক-টু ইন্টারেক্টিভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_2_Interactive" title="Take 2 Interactive – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Take 2 Interactive" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="تیک-تو اینتراکتیو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیک-تو اینتراکتیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%ED%88%AC_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%9E%99%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C" title="테이크투 인터랙티브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테이크투 인터랙티브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5" title="टेक-टू इंटरएक्टिव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेक-टू इंटरएक्टिव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Two_Interactive" title="Take Two Interactive – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Take Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81" title="تيك-تو انتراكتيف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيك-تو انتراكتيف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%84%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96" title="テイクツー・インタラクティブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テイクツー・インタラクティブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A4" title="تەیک-توو ئینتەرەکتیڤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەیک-توو ئینتەرەکتیڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%B9%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%88" title="ٹیک ٹو انٹرایکٹو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹیک ٹو انٹرایکٹو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Take-Two Interactive" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q94933#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American video game holding company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Take-Two" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Take_Two_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Take Two (disambiguation)">Take Two</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg/220px-Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg/330px-Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg/440px-Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="420" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:44th_St_6th_Av_td_26_-_1133_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/44th_St_6th_Av_td_26_-_1133_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg/220px-44th_St_6th_Av_td_26_-_1133_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/44th_St_6th_Av_td_26_-_1133_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg/330px-44th_St_6th_Av_td_26_-_1133_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/44th_St_6th_Av_td_26_-_1133_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg/440px-44th_St_6th_Av_td_26_-_1133_Avenue_of_the_Americas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters at 1133 <a href="/wiki/Avenue_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Avenue of the Americas">Avenue of the Americas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/ttwo">TTWO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">September 30, 1993; 31 years ago (1993-09-30)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Ryan Brant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strauss_Zelnick" title="Strauss Zelnick">Strauss Zelnick</a></li><li>(<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li>Karl Slatoff (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>)</li><li>Lainie Goldstein (<a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">CFO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/BioShock_(series)" title="BioShock (series)">BioShock</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/Borderlands_(series)" title="Borderlands (series)">Borderlands</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_(series)" title="Civilization (series)">Civilization</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto" title="Grand Theft Auto">Grand Theft Auto</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_(series)" title="Mafia (series)">Mafia</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Payne" title="Max Payne">Max Payne</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_2K" title="PGA Tour 2K">PGA Tour 2K</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dead" title="Red Dead">Red Dead</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/WWE_2K" title="WWE 2K">WWE 2K</a> series</li><li><a href="/wiki/XCOM" title="XCOM">XCOM</a> series</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>5.349 billion<a href="#cite_note-FY_2024-1">[1]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$−3.59 billion<a href="#cite_note-FY_2024-1">[1]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$−3.74 billion<a href="#cite_note-FY_2024-1">[1]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$12.22 billion<a href="#cite_note-FY_2024-1">[1]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$5.668 billion<a href="#cite_note-FY_2024-1">[1]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 12,371<a href="#cite_note-FY_2024-1">[1]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a></li><li>Dynamixyz</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Story_Games" title="Ghost Story Games">Ghost Story Games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/NBA_2K_League" title="NBA 2K League">NBA 2K League</a> (50%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.take2games.com/">take2games.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. is an American video game <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> based in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> founded by Ryan Brant in September 1993. The company owns three major <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">publishing labels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a> and <a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a>, which operate internal <a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">game development studios</a>. Take-Two created the <a href="/wiki/Private_Division" title="Private Division">Private Division</a> label to support publishing from <a href="/wiki/Independent_video_game_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent video game development">independent developers</a>, though it sold the label in 2024. The company also formed <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Story_Games" title="Ghost Story Games">Ghost Story Games</a> which was a former 2K studio under the name <a href="/wiki/Irrational_Games" title="Irrational Games">Irrational Games</a>. The company acquired the developers <a href="/wiki/Socialpoint" title="Socialpoint">Socialpoint</a>, Playdots and <a href="/wiki/Nordeus" title="Nordeus">Nordeus</a> to establish itself in the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile game</a> market. The company also owns 50% of professional <a href="/wiki/ESports" class="mw-redirect" title="ESports">esports</a> organization <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K_League" title="NBA 2K League">NBA 2K League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Take-Two's combined portfolio includes franchises such as <a href="/wiki/BioShock_(series)" title="BioShock (series)">BioShock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borderlands_(series)" title="Borderlands (series)">Borderlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilization_(series)" title="Civilization (series)">Civilization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto" title="Grand Theft Auto">Grand Theft Auto</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a>, <a href="/wiki/WWE_2K" title="WWE 2K">WWE 2K</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Dead" title="Red Dead">Red Dead</a> among others. As of January 2025, it is one of the largest publicly traded game companies globally with an estimated <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market cap</a> of US$33 billion.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993–2000:_Formation_and_initial_growth">1993–2000: Formation and initial growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1993–2000: Formation and initial growth">edit</a>]</div> Take-Two Interactive was founded by Ryan Ashley Brant, the son of media executive and <a href="/wiki/Interview_(magazine)" title="Interview (magazine)">Interview</a> co-owner <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brant" title="Peter Brant">Peter Brant</a>. Ryan Brant had attended the <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_School" title="Hotchkiss School">Hotchkiss School</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania</a>, graduating in May 1992. He began his career in May 1991, working for his father as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">chief operating officer</a> of Stewart, Tabori & Chang, a publisher of illustrated books, until August 1993.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-dignity_memorial-5">[5]</a> As Brant wanted to forge his own path, he decided to create a video game publishing company. He stated "I wanted to get into a business where I could raise capital as a younger guy. In technology, people expect you to be a younger person."<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> An initial US$1.5 million in funding was raised from his family and private investors.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> Take-Two was incorporated under the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Corporation_Law" title="Delaware General Corporation Law">Delaware General Corporation Law</a> on September 30, 1993, with Brant (21 years old at the time) as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> (CEO).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-forbes_take_who-7">[7]</a> The business was launched with assistance from John Antinori and Mark Seremet.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-tce_seremet-9">[9]</a> Seremet sold his stake in the company in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-tce_seremet-9">[9]</a> Early on, Take-Two had a location in <a href="/wiki/Latrobe,_Pennsylvania" title="Latrobe, Pennsylvania">Latrobe, Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-latrobe_bulletin-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> By June 1994, the company had acquired and absorbed InterOptica, a software publisher owned by Wan Chai and headed by Catherine Winchester (later Heald); the latter became Take-Two's first <a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Later that month, Take-Two struck a deal with <a href="/wiki/GameTek" title="GameTek">GameTek</a> that would see the publisher distribute five of Take-Two's games worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Starting with <a href="/wiki/Star_Crusader" title="Star Crusader">Star Crusader</a> in September 1994,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Take-Two found its first major success with games that included <a href="/wiki/Full_motion_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Full motion video">full motion video</a> with well-known live actors performing the parts, following the success that <a href="/wiki/Mondo_Media" title="Mondo Media">Mechadeus</a> had with <a href="/wiki/The_Daedalus_Encounter" title="The Daedalus Encounter">The Daedalus Encounter</a> which featured <a href="/wiki/Tia_Carrere" title="Tia Carrere">Tia Carrere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> Take-Two hired <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hopper" title="Dennis Hopper">Dennis Hopper</a>, among others, to star in parts for <a href="/wiki/Hell:_A_Cyberpunk_Thriller" title="Hell: A Cyberpunk Thriller">Hell: A Cyberpunk Thriller</a> (1994), which sold over 300,000 copies over the following year and established profit for the company. This was followed by <a href="/wiki/Ripper_(video_game)" title="Ripper (video game)">Ripper</a> (1996), of which US$625,000 of its US$2.5 million budget was used to hire actors such as <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karen_Allen" title="Karen Allen">Karen Allen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a>. The success of both these games, as well as earlier titles, led to a publishing agreement between Take-Two and <a href="/wiki/Acclaim_Entertainment" title="Acclaim Entertainment">Acclaim Entertainment</a> to publish Take-Two's titles, as well as obtaining overseas distribution. Take-Two also secured a license with <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a> to publish on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a> line of consoles.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> In February 1995, <a href="/wiki/GameTek" title="GameTek">GameTek</a> acquired a stake in Take-Two, aligning the studio with its own <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Reality_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Reality Technologies">Alternative Reality Technologies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> By July 1995, Take-Two had established its head office in the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a> area of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Take-Two expanded in its Latrobe location and, in September 1996, took over the second floor of its office building, which had been occupied by the Chestnut Ridge Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-latrobe_bulletin-10">[10]</a> Around 1996, the company was making about US$10 million, but Brant wanted to further expand the company, and made its first acquisition of Mission Studios and publishing its <a href="/wiki/JetFighter_III" class="mw-redirect" title="JetFighter III">JetFighter III</a> game in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-The_End_Game-18">[18]</a> Brant decided to secure additional funds for acquisition by taking the company public.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The company announced this intent in April 1997, looking to raise $8.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The company had its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO) on April 15, 1997, being listed under the <a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">ticker symbol</a> TTWO on the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> stock exchange. The opening price was $5.50, above the expected $5, and on its first day rose to $5.75.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> From the IPO, the company gained about US$6.5 million along with US$4 million on venture fund promissory notes.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> At this time, Peter Brant had been the largest shareholder in Take-Two at 25% owned through Bridgehampton Investors LP, which also had Ryan Brant as <a href="/wiki/General_partner" title="General partner">general partner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-forbes_take_who-7">[7]</a> The additional funds allowed Take-Two to acquire GameTek's European operations, its internal Alternative Reality Technologies studio (later renamed Rockstar Toronto), and the rights to GameTek's <a href="/wiki/Dark_Colony" title="Dark Colony">Dark Colony</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Quivering" title="The Quivering">The Quivering</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Reap" title="The Reap">The Reap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeopardy!_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeopardy! (video game)">Jeopardy!</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Fortune_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheel of Fortune (video game)">Wheel of Fortune</a> games.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The company hired Kelly Sumner, a GameTek executive director, as part of this purchase. Additionally, the company acquired Inventory Management Systems, Creative Alliance Group, and Alliance Inventory Management, three video game distribution companies that helped to extend Take-Two's reach into the retail market.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> In the same year, Take-Two stepped in as the publisher of <a href="/wiki/Monkey_Hero" title="Monkey Hero">Monkey Hero</a>. Its developer, Blam!, had been struggling financially after the game's original publisher, BMG Interactive, was shut down by BMG Entertainment (a unit of <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a>), its parent company.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In March 1998, Take-Two acquired all assets of BMG Interactive for 1.85 million shares (16% of Take-Two's <a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">common stock</a>), worth about US$14.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In the previous year, the United Kingdom-based <a href="/wiki/DMA_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="DMA Design">DMA Design</a> and BMG Entertainment had just released <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_(video_game)" title="Grand Theft Auto (video game)">Grand Theft Auto</a>, and while it financially performed well but was not a critical success in Europe, it had sparked controversy over the use of violence in video games, with United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> speaking out strongly against it. Seeing the opportunity to capture attention on the game, Brant had initiated the acquisition of BMG as to acquire the Grand Theft Auto property, and at the same time, contacted BMG's <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houser" title="Sam Houser">Sam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Houser" title="Dan Houser">Dan Houser</a> (both instrumental to getting Grand Theft Auto to market), Terry Donovan, and Jamie King to found a new label within Take-Two, called <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a> for which to develop more titles like it.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>' (EA) 2008 CEO, <a href="/wiki/John_Riccitiello" title="John Riccitiello">John Riccitiello</a>, stated that, with the establishing of Rockstar, Take-Two effectively invented the "label" corporate structure, which EA followed into in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> With the rights to Grand Theft Auto, Take-Two expanded its publication into North America, and the game became Take-Two's first financial success with over 1.5 million copies sold.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> Take-Two also began taking on distribution capabilities, acquiring various distribution firms such as DirectSoft Australia for the Oceania market.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a> Notably, in August 1998, Take-Two acquired <a href="/wiki/Jack_of_All_Games" title="Jack of All Games">Jack of All Games</a>, an America game distributor, for about US$16.8 million. Take-Two subsequently bundled many of its existing and future distribution outlets under the Jack of All Games brand.<a href="#cite_note-Distributor-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 1999, Take-Two acquired DMA Design (ultimately renamed <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_North" title="Rockstar North">Rockstar North</a>), and invested into <a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Developers" title="Gathering of Developers">Gathering of Developers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bungie" title="Bungie">Bungie</a> (eventually transferred over to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Game_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Game Studios">Microsoft Game Studios</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In September, the company also acquired Triad Distributors and Global Star Software, a video game distributor and publisher, respectively, both founded in 1993 by Craig McGauley and Damian Cristiani and operating out of the same offices in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Concord, Ontario">Concord, Ontario</a>, with the same management team.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Israeli developer Pixel Broadband Studios was acquired for $50.4 million in March 2000,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> before Take-Two sold it off to <a href="/wiki/Gameplay.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Gameplay.com">Gameplay.com</a> in October that year, receiving £34.1 million in Gameplay.com shares in return.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001–2006:_Further_acquisitions_and_regulatory_investigations">2001–2006: Further acquisitions and regulatory investigations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2001–2006: Further acquisitions and regulatory investigations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Take-Two_Interactive_logo_1999%E2%80%932005.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Take-Two_Interactive_logo_1999%E2%80%932005.svg/190px-Take-Two_Interactive_logo_1999%E2%80%932005.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Take-Two_Interactive_logo_1999%E2%80%932005.svg/285px-Take-Two_Interactive_logo_1999%E2%80%932005.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Take-Two_Interactive_logo_1999%E2%80%932005.svg/380px-Take-Two_Interactive_logo_1999%E2%80%932005.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>Take-Two's logo from 1999 to 2004</figcaption></figure> In February 2001, Brant stepped down as CEO of Take-Two to serve as its <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>, being replaced in the former role by Sumner.<a href="#cite_note-Histories-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ign_brant_departure-38">[38]</a> Around this time, the company had 658 employees.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> With Rockstar, Take-Two invested into developments of sequels to Grand Theft Auto, including <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_2" title="Grand Theft Auto 2">Grand Theft Auto 2</a> (1999), and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_III" title="Grand Theft Auto III">Grand Theft Auto III</a> (2001) along with sequels, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto:_Vice_City" title="Grand Theft Auto: Vice City">Grand Theft Auto: Vice City</a> (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto:_San_Andreas" title="Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas">Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas</a> (2004). By 2003, Take-Two had revenues exceeding US$1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 2002, the Take-Two name was dropped as a publishing label when the short-lived publishing label <a href="/wiki/Gotham_Games" title="Gotham Games">Gotham Games</a> was introduced.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 2004, Take-Two paid US$22.3 million to <a href="/wiki/Infogrames" class="mw-redirect" title="Infogrames">Infogrames</a> for the rights to the <a href="/wiki/Civilization_(series)" title="Civilization (series)">Civilization series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The company had also planned to acquire <a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Universal_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivendi Universal Games">Vivendi Universal Games</a> for $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 2005, Take-Two began a host of acquisitions, spending more than US$80 million buying game developers.<a href="#cite_note-Hot_Coffee-45">[45]</a> One of its largest acquisitions was for the development studios <a href="/wiki/Visual_Concepts" title="Visual Concepts">Visual Concepts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kush_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Kush Games">Kush Games</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> for about US$32 million in January 2005. Both studios had been extensively behind several sports simulation games, branded through <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, and typically released updated versions each year, using a 2K brand to differentiate versions (such as <a href="/wiki/ESPN_NFL_2K5" title="ESPN NFL 2K5">ESPN NFL 2K5</a>). In 2004, Take-Two had struck a deal with Sega to help publish these titles. Just prior to Take-Two's acquisition, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> announced it had secured the exclusive rights to create video games based on the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) and a fifteen-year branding deal with <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, effectively killing Visual Concepts' own NFL title and devaluing their others games. This decision led Sega to abandon the sports-game market. Take-Two acquired these studios and unique branding (including the 2K brand), as well as negotiated for exclusive rights with <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> for video games.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> A day after announcing these acquisitions, Take-Two established their <a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a> publishing label to maintain the 2K brand, moving several planned games from their budget software label, Global Star, to 2K. Take-Two further realigned the other existing internal studios — Indie Built, Venom Games, PopTop Software and Frog City Software, and Take-Two Licensing — within this new structure.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> After the formation of 2K, Take-Two completed other major acquisitions. <a href="/wiki/Firaxis_Games" title="Firaxis Games">Firaxis Games</a> was acquired in November 2005 for around US$27 million;<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Take-Two had already supported the studio by using their acquisition of the Civilization license to support publishing of <a href="/wiki/Civilization_IV" title="Civilization IV">Civilization IV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Irrational_Games" title="Irrational Games">Irrational Games</a> was acquired around January 2006 for about US$10 million, including both its Boston and its Canberra studio.<a href="#cite_note-Hot_Coffee-45">[45]</a> At the time Irrational had already established a publishing deal with Take-Two for their upcoming <a href="/wiki/BioShock" title="BioShock">BioShock</a> game. With the deal, Irrational became part of the 2K label.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> It also acquired PAM Development from the Gaia Capital Group for US$11.4 million, giving them access to the <a href="/wiki/Top_Spin_(video_game)" title="Top Spin (video game)">Top Spin</a> series of tennis games.<a href="#cite_note-Hot_Coffee-45">[45]</a> However, during this period, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC) began examining Take-Two's business records, based on complaints filed from 2001 that Take-Two's earnings did not seem to match figures of game sales reported by <a href="/wiki/NPD_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NPD Group">NPD Group</a>. The SEC's formal complaint found that the company had purportedly sold products to distributors as a "parking transaction" for a quarter, as to artificially increase their revenues for investors, which it estimated was a US$60 million fraud.<a href="#cite_note-Guilty_Plea-52">[52]</a> A lawsuit was filed against Take-Two in December 2001, alleging that the company had lied to shareholders.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Take-Two initially restated seven quarters of past financial results in February 2002, then five years in January 2004.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsday_chairman-55">[55]</a> Brant stepped down as chairman in March, being succeeded by Richard Roedel.<a href="#cite_note-newsday_chairman-55">[55]</a> After the SEC's issuance of the complaint in 2005, Take-Two agreed to pay a US$7.5 million fine, along with Brant and other executives paying fines totaling around US$6.4 million. Brant, who had remained with the company in the non-executive role of "Vice President of Production", ultimately resigned from the company in October 2006, following a four-month disability leave due to a bad back.<a href="#cite_note-ign_brant_departure-38">[38]</a> In 2007, a separate investigation by the SEC found further issues with Brant and two other executives of the company. In an industry-wide sweep against <a href="/wiki/Options_backdating" title="Options backdating">options backdating</a> (receiving shares when they are priced high but backdating their ownership to when they were priced low), the SEC had found Brant had received backdating options of over 2.1 million shares, though he had excised all options upon his 2006 resignation. Brant pleaded guilty to falsifying business records, but agreed to co-operate with the SEC and instead of receiving up to four years in prison, was fined US$7.3 million and barred from holding any "control management positions" in a publicly traded company.<a href="#cite_note-Guilty_Plea-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Brant died of <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">cardiac arrest</a> in March 2019 at the age of 47.<a href="#cite_note-dignity_memorial-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Further troubling Take-Two during this period was criticism and legal actions taken against the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Coffee_mod" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Coffee mod">Hot Coffee mod</a>, a user-made <a href="/wiki/Mod_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod (video gaming)">modification</a> to Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas that unlocked a hidden graphic sex scene that was built into the game, with concerned politicians and consumers stating the scene belied the game's <a href="/wiki/ESRB" class="mw-redirect" title="ESRB">ESRB</a> content rating. Actions taken against Take-Two included an investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> for deceptive advertising, to which Take-Two and Rockstar settled in 2006 on fines for any future violations of content ratings.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Take-Two completed a US$20.1 million settlement related to class-action lawsuits filed against it in 2005 over the Hot Coffee mod, as well as to a class-action lawsuit brought by shareholders over the options backdating fraud, in September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007–2008:_Shareholder_takeover_and_attempted_buy-out">2007–2008: Shareholder takeover and attempted buy-out</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2007–2008: Shareholder takeover and attempted buy-out">edit</a>]</div> A fire had damaged part of the Take-Two headquarters building in New York in 2006. In early January 2007, Take-Two relocated the headquarters for 2K to <a href="/wiki/Novato,_California" title="Novato, California">Novato, California</a> to 65,000 square feet of space at Hamilton Landing, an office park that had repurposed the former hangar structures from the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Army Airfield">Hamilton Army Airfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Later that year in September, Take-Two established a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> and launched a new label, <a href="/wiki/2K_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Play">2K Play</a>, designed for publishing of family-friendly titles alongside 2K's 2K Games and 2K Sports sub-labels, absorbing the remaining publishing duties of the Global Star label.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In December 2007, Take-Two established <a href="/wiki/2K_Marin" title="2K Marin">2K Marin</a> (named after <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin County</a>, where Novato is located) and expanded its presence at Hamilton Landing.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strauss_Zelnick,_2015_(16339090774).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Strauss_Zelnick%2C_2015_%2816339090774%29.jpg/150px-Strauss_Zelnick%2C_2015_%2816339090774%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Strauss_Zelnick%2C_2015_%2816339090774%29.jpg/225px-Strauss_Zelnick%2C_2015_%2816339090774%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Strauss_Zelnick%2C_2015_%2816339090774%29.jpg/300px-Strauss_Zelnick%2C_2015_%2816339090774%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Zelnick in 2015</figcaption></figure> Due to the various SEC investigations and the Hot Coffee controversy, investors in Take-Two discussed the possibility of taking over the company at its next board meeting in March 2007 and oust the current management. There were also issues with Take-Two failing to make its revenue targets, having lost US$163.3 million in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Stockholders-64">[64]</a> Investors OppenheimerFunds Inc., S.A.C. Capital Management, Tudor Investment Corp., D.E. Shaw Valence Portfolios and <a href="/wiki/ZelnickMedia" class="mw-redirect" title="ZelnickMedia">ZelnickMedia</a> held 46% of the company's stock at this point, and were looking to put ZelnickMedia's <a href="/wiki/Strauss_Zelnick" title="Strauss Zelnick">Strauss Zelnick</a> as the chairman of the board while ousting long-standing management and board members. Zelnick had previously been president and CEO of BMG's North American division at the time of the sale of BMG Interactive to Take-Two, a move he had been against, believing that BMG could have capitalized on the video game sector more. Following BMG, Zelnick had been COO of <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Dynamics" title="Crystal Dynamics">Crystal Dynamics</a>. He founded ZelnickMedia in 2001 as a private equity firm to focus on media and interactive entertainment investments.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Industry analyst Michael Pachter stated that a takeover would be best for Take-Two, as the present management "completely abdicated any responsibility for the oversight of the options-granting policy. A more responsible board would have committed hari-kari."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> CEO Paul Eibeler, who had replaced Brant after his resignation, had tried to find a buyer for Take-Two after the investors filed their intent with the SEC. Among the potential buyers were EA,<a href="#cite_note-Riccitiello-67">[67]</a> but a deal could not be negotiated before the meeting. The takeover was successfully agreed to by stockholders on March 29, 2007, with Zelnick naming <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Feder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Feder (page does not exist)">Ben Feder</a>, a partner at ZelnickMedia, as the new CEO.<a href="#cite_note-Stockholders-64">[64]</a> As of July 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit">[update]</a>, Strauss Zelnick is the largest single shareholder by voting power.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The company announced a major restructuring in mid-2007, following the takeover. With the move of the 2K labels to Novato, the executive, management, distribution and sales areas were evaluated to align these by business discipline rather than geography.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Subsequently, the company let go about 5 to 15% of its approximately 2100 employees, closed down some of its European offices and centralizing these in its Geneva location, and looked to get out of the distribution market by looking for buyers of Jack of All Games.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In mid-February 2008, EA made a US$25-per-share all-cash transaction offer worth around US$1.9 billion<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> to the board of Take-Two, subsequently revising it to US$26 per share after being rejected and making the offer known to the public.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> At the time, Take-Two's stock was valued around US$10 per share.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> EA CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Riccitiello" title="John Riccitiello">John Riccitiello</a> said that EA had previously considered a deal for Take-Two in the previous year when they were approached by Eibeler,<a href="#cite_note-Riccitiello-67">[67]</a> however, with <a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a>'s acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Games" title="Vivendi Games">Vivendi Games</a> in December 2007, EA was looking to resecure itself as one of the top video game publishers with the acquisition of Take-Two. While Take-Two had been discussing the potential of a buyout to a large media company after the shareholder takeover, Zelnick and the board rejected the offer, with Zelnick stating "We didn't slam the door, we just said look, the price is not right and the time is wrong".<a href="#cite_note-1.9-75">[75]</a> Take-Two offered to discuss the offer after <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_IV" title="Grand Theft Auto IV">Grand Theft Auto IV</a>'s release on April 29, 2008, which many considered to be the lucrative property that EA desired.<a href="#cite_note-1.9-75">[75]</a> An acquisition would have ended EA's main competition in sports video games.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> EA continued to extend its bid offer throughout 2008, but by September 2008, EA decided to back away and let the offer expire, as Take-Two continued to call EA's cash offer as inadequate.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–2018:_Continued_growth">2008–2018: Continued growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2008–2018: Continued growth">edit</a>]</div> In September 2008, Take-Two established an outsourcing agreement with Ditan Distribution LLC, at the time owned by <a href="/wiki/Cinram" title="Cinram">Cinram</a>, a Canadian manufacturer of optical media. Through the agreement, Take-Two offloaded all distributing duties from Jack of All Games to Ditan, while establishing the means for Jack of All Games to license and distribute third-party titles.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Subsequently, in December 2009, Take-Two sold Jack of All Games to <a href="/wiki/Synnex" title="Synnex">Synnex</a> for about US$43 million, leaving the distribution market and focusing solely on development and publishing.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 2010, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Feder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Feder (page does not exist)">Ben Feder</a> stepped down as CEO, and was replaced by Zelnick, who remains the company's chairman and CEO.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In January 2013, while being dissolved, <a href="/wiki/THQ" title="THQ">THQ</a> sold the rights of the WWE wrestling games series to Take-Two.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Subsequently, 2K Sports has published annual WWE 2K games as part of its lineup. Around 2013, Take-Two began to <a href="/wiki/Share_repurchase" title="Share repurchase">repurchase</a> about 7.5 million outstanding shares of the company (about 10%), based on the company's projections that it would remain profitable over the next several years. As part of this, the company bought back around 12 million shares owned by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Icahn" title="Carl Icahn">Carl Icahn</a>, about 11% of the total shares, for about US$203 million. Icahn had been seen as favoring selling the company to a buyer. This subsequently led to three board members who had been recommended on the board by Icahn to resign.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The move to buy back shares was seen by analysts of the company's assurance in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V" title="Grand Theft Auto V">Grand Theft Auto V</a>, which was released in September 2013. Grand Theft Auto V has since sold nearly 100 million units by 2018, making it one of the most successful video games ever and bringing an estimated US$6 billion to Take-Two, increasing its stock value by more than 600%.<a href="#cite_note-motleyfool_2018-83">[83]</a> In December 2013, former <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel</a> editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Bill_Jemas" title="Bill Jemas">Bill Jemas</a> announced that he had joined Take-Two to start a "graphic fiction imprint".<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The imprint, <a href="/wiki/Double_Take_Comics" title="Double Take Comics">Double Take Comics</a>, was launched in October 2014,<a href="#cite_note-Double_Take-85">[85]</a> but ultimately was not successful and was shuttered in November 2016.<a href="#cite_note-combined_universe-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Benzies" title="Leslie Benzies">Leslie Benzies</a>, former President of Rockstar North, took <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">sabbatical</a> leave from Rockstar on September 1, 2014. In January 2016 it was announced that he had left the company.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On April 12, 2016, Benzies started legal action against Rockstar and Take-Two claiming $150 million in unpaid royalties.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Take-Two had invested into mobile-game developer <a href="/wiki/Scopely" title="Scopely">Scopely</a> in July 2016.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On February 1, 2017, the company acquired social and mobile game developer <a href="/wiki/Social_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Point">Social Point</a> for about US$250 million to enter into the mobile gaming industry.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In that same month, Take-Two and the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) announced a partnership to create the <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K_League" title="NBA 2K League">NBA 2K League</a>, a professional eSports league based on the <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a> games, and the first eSports league to be managed by a professional sports league. Teams for the League are to be partially sponsored by existing NBA teams, so that there would be eSports equivalent teams for each of the thirty professional NBA teams. The inaugural season is planned to launch in May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On May 31, 2017, Take-Two Interactive acquired <a href="/wiki/Kerbal_Space_Program" title="Kerbal Space Program">Kerbal Space Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Later, Take-Two announced the formation of its <a href="/wiki/Private_Division" title="Private Division">Private Division</a> publishing label on December 14, 2017. Private Division was established to fund and publish games by mid-size independent development studios, such as Kerbal Space Program, and had four planned games from separate studios at its launch.<a href="#cite_note-Private_Division-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The company completed its move of its New York headquarters from <a href="/wiki/NoHo" class="mw-redirect" title="NoHo">NoHo</a> to more than 61,000 square feet of space in <a href="/wiki/Bryant_Park" title="Bryant Park">Bryant Park</a> in early 2018.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Dan_Houser" title="Dan Houser">Dan Houser</a>, Rockstar Games required to expand in the two companies' shared headquarters and thus asked the Take-Two executives to move.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On March 8, 2018, Zelnick attended a White House meeting held by the 45th president of the United States, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, along with various other attendees involved with the video game industry, and members of Congress, to discuss video game violence in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Stoneman_Douglas_High_School_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoneman Douglas High School shooting">Stoneman Douglas High School shooting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> On March 9, 2018, <a href="/wiki/S%26P_Global" title="S&P Global">S&P Global</a> announced the addition of Take-Two Interactive to the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a>, joining two other major video game publishers EA and <a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Similar to the situation in 2013, Take-Two started buying back around US$308 million of its stock (estimated to be about 2.5% of the outstanding stock), predicated on similar expectations that <a href="/wiki/Red_Dead_Redemption_2" title="Red Dead Redemption 2">Red Dead Redemption 2</a>, to be released in October 2018, would similarly boost the company's profits as Grand Theft Auto V had done.<a href="#cite_note-motleyfool_2018-83">[83]</a> On March 29, 2018, Benzies' litigation against Rockstar and Take-Two suffered a significant setback when the companies succeeded in dismissing 12 out of 18 of his claims, though the court did rule that Benzies "remains entitled to receive certain royalties" as part of his compensation.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Sometime in 2018, Take-Two levied a legal warning against Benzies' new company Royal Circus Games, citing the similarity of its acronym (RCG) to Rockstar Games (RSG) as an infringement of intellectual property; due to this, Benzies later renamed his company Build a Rocket Boy Games in October 2018. Take-Two had also decried their employment of Rockstar North staff as a deceptive tactic to create an affiliation between them.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Take-Two and the NBA signed a seven-year, US$1.1 billion licensing deal to extend Take-Two's rights to develop the NBA 2K games in January 2019. Analysts estimated that this represented at least 15% of Take-Two's revenue from the sale of NBA 2K games, atypical of other license deals, due to the growing popularity of the series.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019–present:_Studio_expansions">2019–present: Studio expansions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2019–present: Studio expansions">edit</a>]</div> A then-yet-to-be named studio under the 2K brand in the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> was established by Take-Two in February 2019. The studio is led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Condrey" title="Michael Condrey">Michael Condrey</a>, formerly of <a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_Games" title="Sledgehammer Games">Sledgehammer Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visceral_Games" title="Visceral Games">Visceral Games</a>, and was initially working on an unannounced project.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> A year later, it was announced that the studio would be officially named <a href="/wiki/31st_Union" title="31st Union">31st Union</a>, that it was opening a second studio in Spain, and that it was focusing on "an ambitious and inspired new IP".<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> On February 7, 2019, Benzies' litigation with Take-Two had officially come to an end.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> All parties involved in the case successfully executed a confidential settlement, with each agreeing to bear its own costs and expenses, including, without limitation, attorney's fees.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In May 2019, Rockstar Games announced that they had acquired <a href="/wiki/Dhruva_Interactive" title="Dhruva Interactive">Dhruva Interactive</a> from <a href="/wiki/Starbreeze_Studios" title="Starbreeze Studios">Starbreeze Studios</a> for $7.9 million, with the sale having been finalized later that same month. The company had been merged into <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_India" title="Rockstar India">Rockstar India</a>, which added an additional 320 employees to the studio.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In September 2019, Rockstar Games announced that they had released their own game launcher, a <a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">digital distribution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">multiplayer</a> and communications service.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Take-Two established a new, yet-to-be named studio under Private Division in February 2020, later named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercept_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intercept Games (page does not exist)">Intercept Games</a>, located in Seattle to take on the development of <a href="/wiki/Kerbal_Space_Program_2" title="Kerbal Space Program 2">Kerbal Space Program 2</a>. The new studio staff included more than a dozen former members of <a href="/wiki/Star_Theory_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Theory Games">Star Theory Games</a> who had been working on the title, including Jeremy Ables and Nate Simpson from Star Theory, which had been previously handling the development of the game but outside of Take-Two's structure.<a href="#cite_note-new_ksp2_studio-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg_intercept-115">[115]</a> Via 2K Sports, Take-Two established a new publishing agreement with the NFL in March 2020 to start republishing NFL games starting in 2021. While EA's Madden series will coexist and remain the official game of the NFL, while 2K's are called "non-simulation football game experiences" to distinguish from EA's games.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In August 2020, Take-Two announced it was acquiring mobile game developer Playdots (developer of the mobile games <a href="/wiki/Dots_(video_game)" title="Dots (video game)">Dots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Two_Dots_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Dots (game)">Two Dots</a> and Dots & Co.) for $192 million in cash and stock with the acquisition expected to be completed in Q3 2020.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In October 2020, it was announced that Take-Two had acquired <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>-based Ruffian Games (known for their work on <a href="/wiki/Halo:_The_Master_Chief_Collection" title="Halo: The Master Chief Collection">Halo: The Master Chief Collection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crackdown_3" title="Crackdown 3">Crackdown 3</a>) after a year-long development partnership on an undisclosed partnership; following the acquisition, Ruffian became part of Rockstar Games as <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Dundee" title="Rockstar Dundee">Rockstar Dundee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Take-Two offered to buyout <a href="/wiki/Codemasters" title="Codemasters">Codemasters</a> in November 2020 in a deal valued approximately US$973 million. While the offer awaited regulatory approval and was expected to be complete by early 2021, both Take-Two and Codemasters' board of directors confirmed the deal.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> However, Take-Two's bid was subsequently trumped by <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> in December 2020, which offered US$1.2 billion (US$7.98 per share), and agreed to acquire Codemasters.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Take-Two formally withdrew its offer in January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Public_Investment_Fund_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia">Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia</a> acquired 3.9 million shares of Take-Two, valued at $826 million, in February 2021.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> 2K acquired <a href="/wiki/HB_Studios" title="HB Studios">HB Studios</a> in March 2021, who previously developed <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_2K21" title="PGA Tour 2K21">PGA Tour 2K21</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Golf_Club_2019_featuring_PGA_Tour" title="The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour">The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour</a> under 2K Sports' publishing labels. The acquisition includes the rights to the <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_2K" title="PGA Tour 2K">PGA Tour</a> games, which have the official endorsement of the <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a> itself.<a href="#cite_note-vg247_pgatour-126">[126]</a> Additionally, 2K announced they had secured a contract with <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a>, who had previously been a key figure for <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>' <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_(video_game_series)" title="PGA Tour (video game series)">PGA Tour</a> series, as an executive director and consultant for future 2K PGA Tour games as well as his likeness for the games.<a href="#cite_note-kotaku_pgatour-127">[127]</a> Later that month, 2K acquired the games division of HookBang based in Austin, Texas, which had supported work on the NBA 2K series in the past. The division was relocated to a new Austin location and rebranded as Visual Concepts Austin to continue support for that series.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In June 2021, Take-Two made its largest acquisition to date with the $378 million acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Top_Eleven_Football_Manager" title="Top Eleven Football Manager">Top Eleven</a> developer <a href="/wiki/Nordeus" title="Nordeus">Nordeus</a>, further expanding its mobile game division, which, as of July 2021, is known as T2 Mobile Games.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Take-Two Interactive announced its intent to acquire the mobile developer <a href="/wiki/Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a> in January 2022, in a cash-and-stock deal with a value of $12.7 billion, with Take-Two acquiring all outstanding shares of Zynga at $9.86 apiece. The deal was expected to close in June.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Take-Two said that the acquisition would help boost its presence in the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile gaming</a> market, stating "We see tremendous untapped potential to bring Take-Two’s renowned console and PC properties to mobile, a high-priority initiative that will be energized by the addition of Zynga’s leading development, publishing, and live operations teams."<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Both shareholders of the companies approved the merger on May 19, 2022, and the closing of the transaction took effect on May 23, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zynga-Complete-134">[134]</a> In October 2022, Take-Two announced that Playdots would be shut down, with control of Two Dots being transferred to Zynga.<a href="#cite_note-Take-Two_shutting_down_Playdots-135">[135]</a> In March 2023, Take-Two acquired mobile games subscription service <a href="/wiki/GameClub" title="GameClub">GameClub</a> for an undisclosed sum.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> That same month, Take-Two had layoffs impacting an unspecified number of employees at publishing label <a href="/wiki/Private_Division" title="Private Division">Private Division</a> and 30 employees at <a href="/wiki/Firaxis_Games" title="Firaxis Games">Firaxis Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In March 2024, Take-Two announced that it would acquire The Gearbox Entertainment Company, the parent of <a href="/wiki/Gearbox_Software" title="Gearbox Software">Gearbox Software</a> from <a href="/wiki/Embracer_Group" title="Embracer Group">Embracer Group</a> for $460 million.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> As part of the deal, Embracer would retain certain studios and titles that were held under Gearbox Entertainment. The acquisition was completed on June 12, 2024. In April 2024, Take-Two announced it would be laying off 5% of its workforce (579 employees) as part of a cost-reduction program. It also cancelled several unannounced projects.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Take-Two shut down Intercept Games two months later.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In July 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild-American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a> (SAG-AFTRA) labor union, of which numerous video game voice actors are members of, would initiate a <a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%932025_SAG-AFTRA_video_game_strike" title="2024–2025 SAG-AFTRA video game strike">labor strike</a> against a number of video publishers, including Take Two Interactive, over concerns about lack of <a href="/wiki/A.I." class="mw-redirect" title="A.I.">A.I.</a> protections related to not only video game actors, but also the use of A.I to replicate an actor’s voice, or create a digital replica of their likeness.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_structure">Company structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Company structure">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Take-Two_Interactive" title="List of acquisitions by Take-Two Interactive">List of acquisitions by Take-Two Interactive</a></div> Take-Two's executive offices and worldwide headquarters are located in New York City. The company runs its European operations from <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor, Berkshire</a> and its Asian operations from <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit">[update]</a>, Take-Two's primary business is through two self-owned publishing labels. One label is <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a>, also located in New York City, and is specialized on development and publication of <a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Action-adventure games">action-adventure games</a> such as Grand Theft Auto. The other label is <a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a>, headquartered in Novato, California, and is composed of its divisions <a href="/wiki/2K_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Games">2K Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/2K_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Sports">2K Sports</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2K_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Play">2K Play</a>. The 2K Sports division handles the development and publication of Take-Two's sports simulation games, such as the <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a> series. 2K Play covers family-friendly and children's video games produced by Take-Two's studios. 2K Games handles nearly all other production from Take-Two's internal development studios as well as titles from selected third parties. Finally, Take-Two owns <a href="/wiki/Social_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Point">Social Point</a>, a developer for the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile game</a> market. With this structure in place since 1997–1998, each label is an incorporated principal operating businesses and has a higher degree of autonomy, and each with their own infrastructure and resources, management, and profit and loss strategies. Take-Two has divested itself of its older manufacturing and distribution operations in favor of digital publication and third-party retail distribution. Since 2016, around half of the company's revenues are from digital distribution, whether from digital sales of games through personal computer or consoles, or through <a href="/wiki/Video_game_monetization" title="Video game monetization">video game monetization</a> of its computer, console, and mobile titles.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In November, Take-Two's CEO Strauss Zelnick confirmed that the company had sold Private Division to an undisclosed buyer for an undisclosed sum, as to allow Take-Two to focus on AAA and mobile games. The company also affirmed the closure of Roll7 and Intercept Games. Take-Two would continue to support No Rest for the Wicked, while five other titles were transferred to the new buyer.<a href="#cite_note-PDSale-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishers">Publishers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Publishers">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Founded or acquired</th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novato,_California" title="Novato, California">Novato, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>January 2005</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dynamixyz</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cesson-S%C3%A9vign%C3%A9" title="Cesson-Sévigné">Cesson-Sévigné</a>, France</td> <td>July 2021</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td> <td>December 1998</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T2 Mobile Games</td> <td>June 2021</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo</a>, California, U.S.</td> <td>May 2022</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Zynga-Complete-134">[134]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former">Former</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Former">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Founded or acquired</th> <th>Closed or divested</th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Double_Take_Comics" title="Double Take Comics">Double Take Comics</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td> <td>October 2014</td> <td>November 2016</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Double_Take-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-combined_universe-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DVDWave.com</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>March 1999</td> <td>December 1999</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Developers" title="Gathering of Developers">Gathering of Developers</a></td> <td rowspan="3">New York City, U.S.</td> <td>May 2000</td> <td>December 2004</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Global_Star_Software_games" title="List of Global Star Software games">Global Star Software</a></td> <td>August 1999</td> <td>September 2007</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gotham_Games" title="Gotham Games">Gotham Games</a></td> <td>July 2002</td> <td>December 2003</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_All_Games" title="Jack of All Games">Jack of All Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Chester_Township,_Butler_County,_Ohio" title="West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio">West Chester, Ohio</a>, U.S.</td> <td>August 1998</td> <td>February 2010</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Distributor-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joytech</td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td> <td>February 1999</td> <td>September 2007</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>On Deck Interactive</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas, Texas">Dallas, Texas</a>, U.S.</td> <td>May 2000</td> <td>March 2001</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pixel Broadband Studios</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel</td> <td>March 2000</td> <td>October 2000</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Private_Division" title="Private Division">Private Division</a> </td> <td>New York City, U.S. </td> <td>December 2017 </td> <td>November 2024 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSale-147">[147]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Take-Two Licensing">Take-Two Licensing</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>December 2003</td> <td>January 2005</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TalonSoft" title="TalonSoft">TalonSoft</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, U.S.</td> <td>December 1998</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Techcorp</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, China</td> <td>July 2001</td> <td>September 2007</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telstar Electronic Studios</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walton-on-Thames" title="Walton-on-Thames">Walton-on-Thames</a>, England</td> <td>April 1999</td> <td>April 1999</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developers">Developers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Developers">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parent</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Founded or acquired</th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="13"><a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a></td> <td>2K Chengdu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, China</td> <td>June 2011</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2K_China-172">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2K Madrid</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</td> <td>July 2020</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2K Sports Lab</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia, Canada</td> <td>October 2023</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2K Valencia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain</td> <td>November 2021</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2K Vegas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, Nevada, U.S.</td> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/31st_Union" title="31st Union">31st Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foster_City,_California" title="Foster City, California">Foster City, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>February 2019</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cat_Daddy_Games" title="Cat Daddy Games">Cat Daddy Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Washington" title="Kirkland, Washington">Kirkland, Washington</a>, U.S.</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gearbox_Software" title="Gearbox Software">Gearbox Software</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frisco,_Texas" title="Frisco, Texas">Frisco, Texas</a>, U.S.</td> <td>June 2024</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Chamber_(company)" title="Cloud Chamber (company)">Cloud Chamber</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novato,_California" title="Novato, California">Novato, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>December 2019</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Firaxis_Games" title="Firaxis Games">Firaxis Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sparks,_Maryland" title="Sparks, Maryland">Sparks, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td> <td>November 2005</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangar_13_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangar 13 (company)">Hangar 13</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novato,_California" title="Novato, California">Novato, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>December 2014</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HB_Studios" title="HB Studios">HB Studios</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia" title="Lunenburg, Nova Scotia">Lunenburg, Nova Scotia</a>, Canada</td> <td>March 2021</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-vg247_pgatour-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-kotaku_pgatour-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Concepts" title="Visual Concepts">Visual Concepts</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novato,_California" title="Novato, California">Novato, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>January 2005</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Sega-186">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Story_Games" title="Ghost Story Games">Ghost Story Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Massachusetts" title="Westwood, Massachusetts">Westwood, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td> <td>February 2017</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Dundee" title="Rockstar Dundee">Rockstar Dundee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, Scotland</td> <td>October 2020</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_India" title="Rockstar India">Rockstar India</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India</td> <td>August 2016</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rockstar LA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a>, California, U.S.</td> <td>August 2023</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Leeds" title="Rockstar Leeds">Rockstar Leeds</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, England</td> <td>March 2004</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Lincoln" title="Rockstar Lincoln">Rockstar Lincoln</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a>, England</td> <td>June 1998</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_London" title="Rockstar London">Rockstar London</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td> <td>November 2005</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_New_England" title="Rockstar New England">Rockstar New England</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ballardvale,_Massachusetts" title="Ballardvale, Massachusetts">Ballardvale, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td> <td>April 2008</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_North" title="Rockstar North">Rockstar North</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</td> <td>September 1999</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_San_Diego" title="Rockstar San Diego">Rockstar San Diego</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_California" title="Carlsbad, California">Carlsbad, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>November 2002</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Toronto" title="Rockstar Toronto">Rockstar Toronto</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville, Ontario</a>, Canada</td> <td>July 1997</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Rockstar_Vancouver-198">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cfx.re </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>August 2023 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11">Zynga</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nordeus" title="Nordeus">Nordeus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia</td> <td>June 2021</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialpoint" title="Socialpoint">Socialpoint</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain</td> <td>January 2017</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BossAlien" title="BossAlien">BossAlien</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, England</td> <td rowspan="9">May 2022</td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="#cite_note-Zynga-Complete-134">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chartboost" title="Chartboost">Chartboost</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California </td></tr> <tr> <td>Echtra Games</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gram Games</td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NaturalMotion" title="NaturalMotion">NaturalMotion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peak_Games" title="Peak Games">Peak Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rollic</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Small_Giant_Games" title="Small Giant Games">Small Giant Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland </td></tr> <tr> <td>Starlark</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_2">Former</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Former">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parent</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Founded or acquired</th> <th>Closed or divested</th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2K_Australia" title="2K Australia">2K Australia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia</td> <td>January 2006</td> <td>April 2015</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_irrational-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2K_China" title="2K China">2K China</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</td> <td>May 2006</td> <td>November 2015</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2K_China-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2K_Czech" title="2K Czech">2K Czech</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, Czech Republic</td> <td>January 2008</td> <td>2017</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2K_Marin" title="2K Marin">2K Marin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novato,_California" title="Novato, California">Novato, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>2007</td> <td>October 2013<a href="#cite_note-211">[a]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frog_City_Software" title="Frog City Software">Frog City Software</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, U.S.</td> <td>2003</td> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irrational_Games" title="Irrational Games">Irrational Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td> <td>January 2006</td> <td>February 2017</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_irrational-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magic Pockets</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Torcy,_Seine-et-Marne" title="Torcy, Seine-et-Marne">Torcy</a>, France</td> <td>June 2005</td> <td>January 2007</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PopTop_Software" title="PopTop Software">PopTop Software</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenton,_Missouri" title="Fenton, Missouri">Fenton, Missouri</a>, U.S.</td> <td>July 2000</td> <td>March 2006</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2K_Los_Angeles" title="2K Los Angeles">2K Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camarillo,_California" title="Camarillo, California">Camarillo, California</a>, U.S.</td> <td>January 2005</td> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Sega-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Since_2006-217">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indie_Built" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie Built">Indie Built</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, U.S.</td> <td>October 2004</td> <td>April 2006</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PAM_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="PAM Development">PAM Development</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</td> <td>June 2005</td> <td>June 2007</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Since_2006-217">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venom_Games" title="Venom Games">Venom Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>, England</td> <td>September 2004</td> <td>July 2008</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Since_2006-217">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Vancouver" title="Rockstar Vancouver">Rockstar Vancouver</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, Canada</td> <td>August 2002</td> <td>July 2012</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Rockstar_Vancouver-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Vienna" title="Rockstar Vienna">Rockstar Vienna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</td> <td>January 2001</td> <td>May 2006</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Private_Division" title="Private Division">Private Division</a> </td> <td>Intercept Games </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, U.S. </td> <td>February 2020 </td> <td rowspan="2">November 2024 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-PDSale-147">[147]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roll7" title="Roll7">Roll7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England </td> <td>November 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Take-Two Interactive</td> <td>GearHead Entertainment</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latrobe,_Pennsylvania" title="Latrobe, Pennsylvania">Latrobe, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td> <td>1997</td> <td>1999</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mission Studios</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Illinois" title="Inverness, Illinois">Inverness, Illinois</a>, U.S.</td> <td>September 1996</td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-The_End_Game-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Playdots</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td> <td>September 2020</td> <td>October 2022</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-Take-Two_shutting_down_Playdots-135">[135]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_holdings">Other holdings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other holdings">edit</a>]</div> Take-Two equally shares control of the <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K_League" title="NBA 2K League">NBA 2K League</a>, a competitive esports league based on its <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a> series, along with the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> The company has an undisclosed minority interest in <a href="/wiki/Scopely" title="Scopely">Scopely</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> It had previously held 19.9% interest in <a href="/wiki/Bungie" title="Bungie">Bungie</a>, which it turned over to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Game_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Game Studios">Microsoft Game Studios</a> on their acquisition in June 2000,<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> in exchange for receiving the rights to Bungie's <a href="/wiki/Myth_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Myth (series)">Myth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oni_(video_game)" title="Oni (video game)">Oni</a> <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">IPs</a>, and the license to use the <a href="/wiki/Halo_(video_game_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halo (video game series)">Halo</a> engine to produce two new games.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> Take-Two also had a 2.3% interest in <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, which was bought out upon the service's acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> in 2014, receiving US$22 million from the sale.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation">Litigation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Litigation">edit</a>]</div> Take-Two has used <a href="/wiki/Trademark_dilution" title="Trademark dilution">trademark dilution</a> complaints to prevent other publishers and developers from registering trademarks comparable to Take-Two's own trademarks, such as blocking trademark registration that involve "rockstar", "bully", "2K", and the capital letter "R".<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> The publisher filed a dispute against <a href="/wiki/Hazelight_Studios" title="Hazelight Studios">Hazelight Studios</a> to block its attempt to trademark <a href="/wiki/It_Takes_Two_(video_game)" title="It Takes Two (video game)">It Takes Two</a>, due to the similarity of its name to Take-Two's. Hazelight was forced to abandon the trademark application, making it more difficult to promote the game.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> Take-Two has also been active in blocking the release of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_modding" title="Grand Theft Auto modding">mods for Grand Theft Auto games</a>. While some of these mods had used assets from the original games and gave valid reason for Take-Two to protect its copyrights, other mods that Take-Two had targeted were made from legal <a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse engineering</a> of the game, making Take-Two's claims contentious. Take-Two has clarified that it had no issue with mods intended for single-player games that were legally made, but would take action against other types of mods.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Games_published">Games published</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Games published">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Take-Two_Interactive_games" title="List of Take-Two Interactive games">List of Take-Two Interactive games</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> 2K Games had shut down 2K Marin entirely in 2013, but statements made by Zelnick in 2014 claimed 2K Marin would be responsible for future BioShock projects.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> With the opening of Cloud Chamber in December 2019, it is unclear what the fate of 2K Marin is. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FY_2024-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FY_2024_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY_2024_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY_2024_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY_2024_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY_2024_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY_2024_1-5">f</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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January 6, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120922004127/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/27/if-ea-bought-2k">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2012. 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Retrieved March 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+video+game+meeting%3A+Who%27s+attending%3F&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Millis&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-video-game-meeting-who-is-attending-today-2018-03-08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmental2018" class="citation web cs1">Armental, Maria (March 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/take-two-svb-financial-and-nektar-therapeutics-to-join-s-p-500-1520639499">"Take-Two, SVB Financial and Nektar Therapeutics to Join S&P 500"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905102106/https://www.wsj.com/articles/take-two-svb-financial-and-nektar-therapeutics-to-join-s-p-500-1520639499">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2018. 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Retrieved May 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Take-Two+Interactive+Software%2C+Inc.+-+SEC+Filing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.take2games.com%2Fnode%2F26061%2Fhtml%23s10A3DE2DCD4A5C20978E61F89FFEE312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127191136/https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=idJ7VgKR6m8lEPirJiLa%2Fg%3D%3D">"Stipulation of Discontinuance of Action With Prejudice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a>. February 8, 2019. 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Retrieved May 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Rockstar+acquires+Dhruva+Interactive+from+Starbreeze+for+%247.9m&rft.date=2019-05-13&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Rebekah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Farticles%2F2019-05-13-rockstar-acquires-dhruva-from-starbreeze-for-usd7-9m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.starbreeze.com/2019/05/starbreeze-has-closed-the-transaction-of-indian-subsidiary-dhruva/">"Starbreeze has closed the transaction of Indian subsidiary Dhruva"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Starbreeze_Studios" title="Starbreeze Studios">Starbreeze Studios</a>. 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Retrieved September 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Rockstar+has+its+own+game+launcher%2C+and+GTA%3A+San+Andreas+is+free&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2019%2F9%2F17%2F20870668%2Frockstar-games-launcher-pc-store-gta-san-andreas-free&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_ksp2_studio-114"><a href="#cite_ref-new_ksp2_studio_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2020" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Andy (February 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/take-two-forms-new-studio-for-ksp2-with-original-developers-role-unclear/">"Take-Two forms new studio for KSP2, with original developer's role unclear"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Video_Games_Chronicle" title="Video Games Chronicle">Video Games Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220172558/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/take-two-forms-new-studio-for-ksp2-with-original-developers-role-unclear/">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2020. 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Retrieved March 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=NFL%2C+2K+Games+Ink+Multi-Year+Partnership+for+Numerous+Future+Titles&rft.date=2020-03-10&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fnfl-2k-games-ink-multi-year-partnership-numerous-future-titles-1283364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr2020" class="citation web cs1">Kerr, Chris (August 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/368412/TakeTwo_Interactive_acquires_mobile_studio_Playdots_for_192_million.php">"Take-Two Interactive acquires mobile studio Playdots for $192 million"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117204657/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/368412/TakeTwo_Interactive_acquires_mobile_studio_Playdots_for_192_million.php">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=Take-Two+Interactive+acquires+mobile+studio+Playdots+for+%24192+million&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F368412%2FTakeTwo_Interactive_acquires_mobile_studio_Playdots_for_192_million.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvard2020" class="citation web cs1">Avard, Alex (October 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesradar.com/rockstar-has-officially-bought-crackdown-2-developer-ruffian-games/">"Rockstar has officially bought Crackdown 2 developer Ruffian Games"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamesRadar%2B" title="GamesRadar+">GamesRadar+</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121045106/https://www.gamesradar.com/rockstar-has-officially-bought-crackdown-2-developer-ruffian-games/">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2020. 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January 13, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113123917/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-01-13-take-two-withdraws-bid-for-codemasters-following-ea-offer-of-usd1-2bn">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2021. 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Retrieved September 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Bungie+CEO+talks+Microsoft+deal&rft.date=2000-06-20&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fbungie-ceo-talks-microsoft-deal-5000108427%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/946581/000112528202003845/b320556.htm">"FORM 10-K, TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC"</a>. Take-Two Interactive. 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United States Patent and Trademark Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+trademark+disputes+relating+to+Take-Two+Interactive&rft.pub=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fttabvue.uspto.gov%2Fttabvue%2Fv%3Fpnam%3DTake-Two%2520Interactive%2520Software%2C%2520Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2021" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Tom (December 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-12-03-josef-fares-it-takes-two-hit-by-take-two-trademark-claim">"Josef Fares' It Takes Two hit by Take-Two claim"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>. 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PC Gamer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718215105/https://www.pcgamer.com/uk/rockstar-is-talking-with-openiv-developer-issues-new-statement-on-mods/">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Rockstar+is+talking+with+OpenIV+developer%2C+issues+new+statement+on+mods&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fuk%2Frockstar-is-talking-with-openiv-developer-issues-new-statement-on-mods%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATake-Two+Interactive" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Take-Two_Interactive&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.take2games.com/">Official website</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Business data for Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Take-Two_Interactive88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Take-Two_Interactive" title="Template:Take-Two Interactive"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Take-Two_Interactive" title="Template talk:Take-Two Interactive"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Take-Two_Interactive" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Take-Two Interactive"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Take-Two_Interactive88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Take-Two Interactive</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2K_(company)" title="2K (company)">2K</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31st_Union" title="31st Union">31st Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Daddy_Games" title="Cat Daddy Games">Cat Daddy Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Chamber_(company)" title="Cloud Chamber (company)">Cloud Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaxis_Games" title="Firaxis Games">Firaxis Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_by_Firaxis_Games" title="List of games by Firaxis Games">games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gearbox_Software" title="Gearbox Software">Gearbox Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangar_13" title="Hangar 13">Hangar 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HB_Studios" title="HB Studios">HB Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_Media_(company)" title="Mass Media (company)">Mass Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Concepts" title="Visual Concepts">Visual Concepts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2K_Australia" title="2K Australia">2K Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K_China" title="2K China">2K China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K_Czech" title="2K Czech">2K Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K_Los_Angeles" title="2K Los Angeles">2K Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K_Marin" title="2K Marin">2K Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_City_Software" title="Frog City Software">Frog City Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Software" title="Access Software">Indie Built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrational_Games" title="Irrational Games">Irrational Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PopTop_Software" title="PopTop Software">PopTop Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venom_Games" title="Venom Games">Venom Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_2K_games" title="List of 2K games">Notable games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BioShock_(series)" title="BioShock (series)">BioShock series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borderlands_(series)" title="Borderlands (series)">Borderlands series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_(series)" title="Civilization (series)">Civilization series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Nukem" title="Duke Nukem">Duke Nukem series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolve_(video_game)" title="Evolve (video game)">Evolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_2K_Drive" title="Lego 2K Drive">Lego 2K Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_(series)" title="Mafia (series)">Mafia series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prey_(2006_video_game)" title="Prey (2006 video game)">Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spec_Ops_(series)" title="Spec Ops (series)">Spec Ops series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Darkness_(video_game)" title="The Darkness (video game)">The Darkness series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-COM" class="mw-redirect" title="X-COM">XCOM series</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2K_series9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2K series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2K_Sports_Major_League_Baseball_series" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Sports Major League Baseball series">MLB 2K series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBA_2K_League" title="NBA 2K League">NBA 2K League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHL_2K" title="NHL 2K">NHL 2K series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_2K" title="PGA Tour 2K">PGA Tour 2K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWE_2K" title="WWE 2K">WWE 2K series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg/150px-Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg/225px-Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg/300px-Take-Two_Interactive_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="420" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Dundee" title="Rockstar Dundee">Rockstar Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_India" title="Rockstar India">Rockstar India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Leeds" title="Rockstar Leeds">Rockstar Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Lincoln" title="Rockstar Lincoln">Rockstar Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_London" title="Rockstar London">Rockstar London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_New_England" title="Rockstar New England">Rockstar New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_North" title="Rockstar North">Rockstar North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_San_Diego" title="Rockstar San Diego">Rockstar San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Toronto" title="Rockstar Toronto">Rockstar Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhruva_Interactive" title="Dhruva Interactive">Dhruva Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Vancouver" title="Rockstar Vancouver">Rockstar Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Vienna" title="Rockstar Vienna">Rockstar Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_published_by_Rockstar_Games" title="List of video games published by Rockstar Games">Notable games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bully_(video_game)" title="Bully (video game)">Bully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto" title="Grand Theft Auto">Grand Theft Auto series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Noire" title="L.A. Noire">L.A. Noire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunt_(video_game)" title="Manhunt (video game)">Manhunt series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Payne" title="Max Payne">Max Payne series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Club" title="Midnight Club">Midnight Club series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dead" title="Red Dead">Red Dead series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Warriors_(video_game)" title="The Warriors (video game)">The Warriors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Advanced_Game_Engine" title="Rockstar Advanced Game Engine">Rockstar Advanced Game Engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NaturalMotion" title="NaturalMotion">NaturalMotion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BossAlien" title="BossAlien">BossAlien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Games" title="Peak Games">Peak Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Giant_Games" title="Small Giant Games">Small Giant Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zynga_Eugene" title="Zynga Eugene">Zynga Eugene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zynga_with_Friends" title="Zynga with Friends">Zynga with Friends</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_with_Friends" title="Chess with Friends">Chess with Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Jam" title="Clay Jam">Clay Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop7" title="Drop7">Drop7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empires_%26_Allies_(2015_video_game)" title="Empires & Allies (2015 video game)">Empires & Allies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FarmVille" title="FarmVille">FarmVille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gems_with_Friends" title="Gems with Friends">Gems with Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_It_Rich!" title="Hit It Rich!">Hit It Rich!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_Streak_with_Friends" title="Word Streak with Friends">Word Streak with Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Words_with_Friends" title="Words with Friends">Words with Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zynga_Poker" title="Zynga Poker">Zynga Poker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chartboost" title="Chartboost">Chartboost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphoria_(software)" title="Euphoria (software)">Euphoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Story_Games" title="Ghost Story Games">Ghost Story Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeus" title="Nordeus">Nordeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialpoint" title="Socialpoint">Socialpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Take-Two_Interactive_games" title="List of Take-Two Interactive games">List of games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Take-Two_Interactive" title="List of acquisitions by Take-Two Interactive">List of acquisitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Take_Comics" title="Double Take Comics">Double Take Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Developers" title="Gathering of Developers">Gathering of Developers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Star_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Star Software">Global Star Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_Games" title="Gotham Games">Gotham Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_All_Games" title="Jack of All Games">Jack of All Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Division" title="Private Division">Private Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Take-Two Licensing">Take-Two Licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalonSoft" title="TalonSoft">TalonSoft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq-100" title="Template talk:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies of the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> index</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADP_(company)" title="ADP (company)">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power" title="American Electric Power">AEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansys" title="Ansys">Ansys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLovin" title="AppLovin">AppLovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlassian" title="Atlassian">Atlassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axon_Enterprise" title="Axon Enterprise">Axon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDW" title="CDW">CDW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Communications" title="Charter Communications">Charter Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cintas" title="Cintas">Cintas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Europacific_Partners" title="Coca-Cola Europacific Partners">Coca-Cola Europacific Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Energy" title="Constellation Energy">Constellation Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copart" title="Copart">Copart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoStar_Group" title="CoStar Group">CoStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Corporation" title="CSX Corporation">CSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datadog" title="Datadog">Datadog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexcom" title="Dexcom">Dexcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamondback_Energy" title="Diamondback Energy">Diamondback Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoorDash" title="DoorDash">DoorDash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelon" title="Exelon">Exelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastenal" title="Fastenal">Fastenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortinet" title="Fortinet">Fortinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_HealthCare" title="GE HealthCare">GE HealthCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idexx_Laboratories" title="Idexx Laboratories">Idexx Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical" title="Intuitive Surgical">Intuitive Surgical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper" title="Keurig Dr Pepper">Keurig Dr Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLA_Corporation" title="KLA Corporation">KLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linde_plc" title="Linde plc">Linde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Libre" title="Mercado Libre">Mercado Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStrategy" title="MicroStrategy">MicroStrategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondelez_International" title="Mondelez International">Mondelez International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MongoDB_Inc." title="MongoDB Inc.">MongoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Beverage" title="Monster Beverage">Monster Beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line" title="Old Dominion Freight Line">Old Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Networks" title="Palo Alto Networks">Palo Alto Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paychex" title="Paychex">Paychex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinduoduo" title="Pinduoduo">PDD Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals" title="Regeneron Pharmaceuticals">Regeneron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roper_Technologies" title="Roper Technologies">Roper Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Stores" title="Ross Stores">Ross Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Take-Two Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trade_Desk" title="The Trade Desk">Trade Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verisk_Analytics" title="Verisk Analytics">Verisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals" title="Vertex Pharmaceuticals">Vertex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workday,_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcel_Energy" title="Xcel Energy">Xcel Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zscaler" title="Zscaler">Zscaler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94933#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata887" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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