CINXE.COM

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href="/web/20171215222700cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/web/20171215222700js_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20171215222700cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20171215222700cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.31.0-wmf.11"/> <meta name="referrer" 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id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the organization. For their published licenses, see <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons license</a>. For usage of product, see <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_available_under_a_Creative_Commons_license" class="mw-redirect" title="List of works available under a Creative Commons license">List of works available under a Creative Commons license</a>.</div> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"> <caption class="fn org">Creative Commons</caption> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CC-logo.svg" class="image" title="Creative Commons logo"><img alt="Creative Commons logo" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/CC-logo.svg/200px-CC-logo.svg.png" width="200" height="48" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/CC-logo.svg/300px-CC-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/CC-logo.svg/400px-CC-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="123"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th> <td class="note">January 15, 2001<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001-01-15</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th> <td><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th> <td><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a></div> </th> <td>04-3585301</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th> <td>Expansion of "reasonable", flexible copyright</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Method</th> <td><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons license</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Key people</div> </th> <td><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Merkley" title="Ryan Merkley">Ryan Merkley</a> (CEO)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://creativecommons.org/">creativecommons<wbr/>.org</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <p><b>Creative Commons</b> (<b>CC</b>) is an American <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> devoted to expanding the range of <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creative</a> works available for others to build upon legally and to share.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> The organization has released several <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>-<a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License" title="License">licenses</a> known as <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons licenses</a> free of charge to the public. These licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waive" class="mw-redirect" title="Waive">waive</a> for the benefit of recipients or other creators. An easy-to-understand one-page explanation of rights, with associated visual symbols, explains the specifics of each Creative Commons license. Creative Commons licenses do not replace copyright, but are based upon it. They replace individual negotiations for specific rights between copyright owner (licensor) and <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensee" title="Licensee">licensee</a>, which are necessary under an "all rights reserved" copyright management, with a "some rights reserved" management employing standardized licenses for re-use cases where no commercial compensation is sought by the copyright owner. The result is an agile, low-overhead and low-cost copyright-management regime, profiting both copyright owners and licensees. <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> uses one of these licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></p> <p>The organization was founded in 2001 by <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a>, <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Abelson" title="Hal Abelson">Hal Abelson</a>, and <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Eldred" title="Eric Eldred">Eric Eldred</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> with the support of <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_the_Public_Domain" title="Center for the Public Domain">Center for the Public Domain</a>. The first article in a general interest publication about Creative Commons, written by <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Plotkin" title="Hal Plotkin">Hal Plotkin</a>, was published in February 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> The first set of copyright licenses was released in December 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> The founding management team that developed the licenses and built the Creative Commons infrastructure as we know it today included <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Shaffer_Van_Houweling" title="Molly Shaffer Van Houweling">Molly Shaffer Van Houweling</a>, Glenn Otis Brown, Neeru Paharia, and Ben Adida.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></p> <p>In 2002 the <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Content_Project" title="Open Content Project">Open Content Project</a>, a 1998 precursor project by <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Wiley" title="David A. Wiley">David A. Wiley</a>, announced the Creative Commons as successor project and Wiley joined as CC director.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Haughey" title="Matthew Haughey">Matthew Haughey</a> and <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> also played a role in the early stages of the<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2016)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> project.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>As of January 2016 there were an estimated 1.1 billion works licensed under the various Creative Commons licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> As of March 2015, <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> alone hosts over 306 million Creative Commons licensed photos.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> Creative Commons is governed by a board of directors. Their licenses have been embraced by many as a way for creators to take control of how they choose to share their copyrighted works.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div class="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Aim_and_influence"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Aim and influence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Governance_and_staff"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Governance and staff</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Affiliate_network"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Affiliate network</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#South_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">South Korea</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Bassel_Khartabil"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bassel Khartabil</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Criticism"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#License_proliferation_and_incompatibility"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">License proliferation and incompatibility</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#License_misuse"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">License misuse</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Criticism_of_the_non-commercial_license"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism of the non-commercial license</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Personality_rights"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Personality rights</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Aim_and_influence">Aim and influence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aim and influence">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg/220px-GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg/330px-GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg/440px-GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GoldenNica_CreativeCommons.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Ars_Electronica" title="Prix Ars Electronica">Golden Nica Award</a> (2004)</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lawrence_Lessig_(9).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lawrence_Lessig_%289%29.jpg/220px-Lawrence_Lessig_%289%29.jpg" width="220" height="148" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lawrence_Lessig_%289%29.jpg/330px-Lawrence_Lessig_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lawrence_Lessig_%289%29.jpg/440px-Lawrence_Lessig_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2634"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lawrence_Lessig_(9).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> (January 2008)</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg/220px-Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg/330px-Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg/440px-Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Creative_Commons_Japan_Seminar-200709-1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Creative Commons Japan Seminar, <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (2007)</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CC_some_rights_reserved.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/220px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png" width="220" height="89" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/330px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/440px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="300"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CC_some_rights_reserved.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> CC some rights reserved</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Creativecommons_spanien.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Creativecommons_spanien.jpg/220px-Creativecommons_spanien.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Creativecommons_spanien.jpg/330px-Creativecommons_spanien.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Creativecommons_spanien.jpg/440px-Creativecommons_spanien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Creativecommons_spanien.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A sign in a pub in <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> notifies customers that the music they are listening to is freely distributable under a Creative Commons license.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Made-with-cc.pdf" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Made-with-cc.pdf/page1-220px-Made-with-cc.pdf.jpg" width="220" height="285" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Made-with-cc.pdf/page1-330px-Made-with-cc.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Made-with-cc.pdf/page1-440px-Made-with-cc.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Made-with-cc.pdf" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <i>Made with Creative Commons</i>, a 2017 book describing the value of CC licenses.</div> </div> </div> <p>Creative Commons has been described as being at the forefront of the <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a> movement, which seeks to support the building of a richer <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> by providing an alternative to the automatic "all rights reserved" <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>, and has been dubbed "some rights reserved."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> David Berry and Giles Moss have credited Creative Commons with generating interest in the issue of <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> and contributing to the re-thinking of the role of the "<a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">commons</a>" in the "<a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Information age">information age</a>". Beyond that, Creative Commons has provided "institutional, practical and legal support for individuals and groups wishing to experiment and communicate with culture more freely."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></p> <p>Creative Commons attempts to counter what <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a>, founder of Creative Commons, considers to be a dominant and increasingly restrictive <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permission_culture" title="Permission culture">permission culture</a>. Lessig describes this as "a culture in which creators get to create only with the permission of the powerful, or of creators from the past".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> Lessig maintains that modern culture is dominated by traditional content distributors in order to maintain and strengthen their monopolies on cultural products such as popular music and popular cinema, and that Creative Commons can provide alternatives to these restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Governance_and_staff">Governance and staff</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Governance and staff">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Creative Commons staff include two full-time legal counsel, as well as a number of open education, free culture and free software veterans including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Merkley" title="Ryan Merkley">Ryan Merkley</a>, CEO</li> <li>Diane Peters, General Counsel</li> <li>Cable Green, Director of Open Education</li> <li>Rebecca Lendl, Director of Development</li> <li>Jane Park, Director of Platforms</li> <li>Eric Steuer, Director of Content and Community</li> <li>Claudio Ruiz, Director of Ecosystem Strategy</li> <li>Scott Seethaler, Director of Finance and Operations</li> <li>Jennie Rose Halperin, Communications Manager</li> <li>Sarah Hinchliff-Pearson, Senior Counsel</li> <li>Mari Moreshead, senior administrator</li> <li>Rob Myers, Software Developer</li> <li>Simeon Oriko, Network Manager</li> <li>SooHyun Pae, Regional Coordinator – Asia-Pacific</li> <li>Alison Pearce, Event Coordinator</li> <li>Eva Rogers, Development Manager</li> <li>Timothy Vollmer, Manager, Public Policy</li> </ul> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Creative_Commons_Board_of_Directors" title="Category:Members of the Creative Commons Board of Directors">Category:Members of the Creative Commons Board of Directors</a></div> <p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Board of Creative Commons consists of:<sup id="cite_ref-CCBoard_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCBoard-18">[18]</a></sup></p> <div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;"> <ul> <li>Ben Adida</li> <li>Renata Avila</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Brest" title="Paul Brest">Paul Brest</a></li> <li>Molly Van Houweling, Chair</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Paul_Keller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Paul Keller (page does not exist)">Paul Keller</a></li> <li>Ryan Merkley, CEO</li> <li>Johnathan Nightingale</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Okediji" title="Ruth Okediji">Ruth Okediji</a></li> <li>Diane Peters, Corporate Secretary</li> <li>Thomas Rubin</li> <li>Kate Spelman</li> <li>Christopher Thorne, Vice Chair</li> </ul> </div> <p>The Advisory Board consists of:<sup id="cite_ref-CCBoard_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCBoard-18">[18]</a></sup></p> <div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Abelson" title="Hal Abelson">Hal Abelson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Wojcicki" title="Esther Wojcicki">Esther Wojcicki</a></li> <li>Laurie Racine</li> <li>Eric Saltzman</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._Carroll" title="Michael W. Carroll">Michael W. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Abele" title="John Abele">John Abele</a></li> <li>Catherine Casserly</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Fitzgerald_(academic)" title="Brian Fitzgerald (academic)">Brian Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue_Gardner" title="Sue Gardner">Sue Gardner</a></li> <li>Spencer Hyman</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joi_Ito" title="Joi Ito">Joi Ito</a></li> <li>Dorothy Gordon</li> <li>Mohamed Nanabhay</li> <li>Annette Thomas</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a></li> <li>Jongsoo Yoon</li> </ul> </div> <p>CC's <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Audit Committee">Audit Committee</a> has three members, who are also members of the Board. As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, they are Paul Keller, Molly Van Houweling, Chris Thorne.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Affiliate_network">Affiliate network</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Affiliate network">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>As of 2015, there are more than 100 affiliates working in over 75 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea">South Korea</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: South Korea">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><b>Creative Commons Korea</b> (<b>CC Korea</b>) is the affiliated network of Creative Commons in South Korea. In March 2005, CC Korea was initiated by Jongsoo Yoon (in Korean: 윤종수), a Presiding Judge of Incheon District Court, as a project of Korea Association for Infomedia Law (KAFIL). The major Korean portal sites, including Daum and Naver, have been participating in the use of Creative Commons licences. In January 2009, the Creative Commons Korea Association was consequently founded as a non-profit incorporated association. Since then, CC Korea has been actively promoting the liberal and open culture of creation as well as leading the diffusion of Creative Common in the country.</p> <ul> <li>Creative Commons Korea<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup></li> <li>Creative Commons Asia Conference 2010<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bassel_Khartabil">Bassel Khartabil</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bassel Khartabil">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassel_Khartabil" title="Bassel Khartabil">Bassel Khartabil</a> was a Palestinian Syrian open source software developer and has served as project lead and public affiliate for Creative Commons Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> From March 15, 2012 he was detained by the Syrian government in Damascus at Adra Prison. On October 17, 2015 Creative Commons Board of Directors approved a resolution calling for Bassel Khartabil's release.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> In 2017 Bassel's wife received confirmation that Bassel had been executed shortly after she lost contact with him in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism">Criticism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>All current CC licenses (except the CC0 Public Domain Dedication tool) require attribution, which can be inconvenient for works based on multiple other works.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> Critics feared that Creative Commons could erode the copyright system over time<sup id="cite_ref-John_Dvorak,_Creative_Commons_Humbug_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Dvorak,_Creative_Commons_Humbug-26">[26]</a></sup> or allow "some of our most precious resources — the creativity of individuals — to be simply tossed into the commons to be exploited by whomever has spare time and a magic marker."<sup id="cite_ref-Maritza_Schaeffer,_Note_and_Comment:_Contemporary_Issues_In_the_Visual_Art_World:_How_Useful_Are_Creative_Commons_Licenses?_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maritza_Schaeffer,_Note_and_Comment:_Contemporary_Issues_In_the_Visual_Art_World:_How_Useful_Are_Creative_Commons_Licenses?-27">[27]</a></sup></p> <p>Critics also worried that the lack of rewards for content producers will dissuade artists from publishing their work, and questioned whether Creative Commons is the <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">commons</a> that it purports to be.<sup id="cite_ref-Niva_Elkin-Koren,_Exploring_Creative_Commons:_A_Skeptical_View_of_a_Worthy_Pursuit_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niva_Elkin-Koren,_Exploring_Creative_Commons:_A_Skeptical_View_of_a_Worthy_Pursuit-28">[28]</a></sup></p> <p>Creative Commons founder Lawrence Lessig countered that copyright laws have not always offered the strong and seemingly indefinite protection that today's law provides. Rather, the duration of copyright used to be limited to much shorter terms of years, and some works never gained protection because they did not follow the now-abandoned compulsory format.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence_Lessig,_The_Creative_Commons_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence_Lessig,_The_Creative_Commons-29">[29]</a></sup></p> <p>The maintainers of <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, a <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> and <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a> known for its rigid adherence to a particular definition of <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Software freedom">software freedom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-debian-social-contract_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debian-social-contract-30">[30]</a></sup> rejected the Creative Commons Attribution License prior to version 3 as incompatible with the <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a> (DFSG) due to the license's anti-<a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a> provisions (which might, due to ambiguity, be covering more than DRM) and its requirement that downstream users remove an author's credit upon request from the author.<sup id="cite_ref-debian-cc20-summary_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debian-cc20-summary-31">[31]</a></sup> Version 3.0 of the Creative Commons licenses addressed these concerns<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> and is considered to be compatible with the DFSG.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="License_proliferation_and_incompatibility">License proliferation and incompatibility</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: License proliferation and incompatibility">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mako_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mako Hill">Mako Hill</a> asserted that Creative Commons fails to establish a "base level of freedom" that all Creative Commons licenses must meet, and with which all licensors and users must comply. "By failing to take any firm ethical position and draw any line in the sand, CC is a missed opportunity.... CC has replaced what could have been a call for a world where 'essential rights are unreservable' with the relatively hollow call for 'some rights reserved.<span style="padding-right:.2em;">'</span>" He also argued that Creative Commons worsens <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">license proliferation</a>, by providing multiple licenses that are <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_compatibility" title="License compatibility">incompatible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mako_Hill,_Towards_a_Standard_of_Freedom_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mako_Hill,_Towards_a_Standard_of_Freedom-34">[34]</a></sup></p> <p>The Creative Commons website states, "Since each of the six CC licenses functions differently, resources placed under different licenses may not necessarily be combined with one another without violating the license terms."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Works licensed under incompatible licenses may not be recombined in a <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">derivative work</a> without obtaining permission from the copyright owner.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons_Attribution_ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons_Attribution_ShareAlike_3.0_Unported-37">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons_Attribution_Non-Commercial_Share-Alike_3.0_Unported_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons_Attribution_Non-Commercial_Share-Alike_3.0_Unported-38">[38]</a></sup></p> <p><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> of the <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</a> stated in 2005 that he couldn’t support Creative Commons as an activity because "it adopted some additional licenses which do not give everyone that minimum freedom", that freedom being "the freedom to share, noncommercially, any published work".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> Those licenses have since been retired by Creative Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="License_misuse">License misuse</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: License misuse">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg/220px-CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg" width="220" height="175" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg/330px-CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg/440px-CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="1340"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CC_guidant_les_contributeurs.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <i>Creative Commons guiding the contributors</i>. This image is a derivative work of <i><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i> by <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>Creative Commons is only a service provider for standardized license text, not a party in any agreement. Abusive users can brand the copyrighted works of legitimate copyright holders with Creative Commons licenses and re-upload these works to the internet. No central database of Creative Commons works is controlling all licensed works and the responsibility of the Creative Commons system rests entirely with those using the licences.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_Orlowski,_Tragedy_of_the_Creative_Commons_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Orlowski,_Tragedy_of_the_Creative_Commons-41">[41]</a></sup> This situation is, however, not specific to Creative Commons. All copyright owners must individually defend their rights and no central database of copyrighted works or existing license agreements exists. The <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">United States Copyright Office</a> does keep a database of all works registered with it, but absence of registration does not imply absence of copyright.</p> <p>Although Creative Commons offers multiple licenses for different uses, some critics suggested that the licenses still do not address the differences among the media or among the various concerns that different authors have.<sup id="cite_ref-Niva_Elkin-Koren,_Exploring_Creative_Commons:_A_Skeptical_View_of_a_Worthy_Pursuit_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niva_Elkin-Koren,_Exploring_Creative_Commons:_A_Skeptical_View_of_a_Worthy_Pursuit-28">[28]</a></sup></p> <p>Lessig wrote that the point of Creative Commons is to provide a middle ground between two extreme views of copyright protection—one demanding that all rights be controlled, and the other arguing that none should be controlled. Creative Commons provides a third option that allows authors to pick and choose which rights they want to control and which they want to grant to others. The multitude of licenses reflects the multitude of rights that can be passed on to subsequent creators.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence_Lessig,_The_Creative_Commons_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence_Lessig,_The_Creative_Commons-29">[29]</a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism_of_the_non-commercial_license">Criticism of the non-commercial license</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism of the non-commercial license">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_M%C3%B6ller" title="Erik Möller">Erik Möller</a> raised concerns about the use of Creative Commons' non-commercial license. Works distributed under the Creative Commons Non-Commercial license are not compatible with many open-content sites, including Wikipedia, which explicitly allow and encourage some commercial uses. Möller explained that "the people who are likely to be hurt by an -NC license are not large corporations, but small publications like weblogs, advertising-funded radio stations, or local newspapers."<sup id="cite_ref-Erik_Moller,_The_Case_for_Free_Use:_Reasons_Not_to_Use_a_Creative_Commons_-NC_License_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erik_Moller,_The_Case_for_Free_Use:_Reasons_Not_to_Use_a_Creative_Commons_-NC_License-42">[42]</a></sup></p> <p>Lessig responded that the current copyright regime also harms compatibility and that authors can lessen this incompatibility by choosing the least restrictive license.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence_Lessig,_CC_in_Review:_Lawrence_Lessig_on_Important_Freedoms_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence_Lessig,_CC_in_Review:_Lawrence_Lessig_on_Important_Freedoms-43">[43]</a></sup> Additionally, the non-commercial license is useful for preventing someone else from capitalizing on an author's work when the author still plans to do so in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence_Lessig,_CC_in_Review:_Lawrence_Lessig_on_Important_Freedoms_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence_Lessig,_CC_in_Review:_Lawrence_Lessig_on_Important_Freedoms-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> The non-commercial licenses have also been criticized for being too vague about which uses count as "commercial" and "non-commercial".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup></p> <p>Bright Minds, a non-profit educational publisher that released works under an -NC license, sued <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a> for violating the license because a school had used its services to mass-produce photocopies of the work, thus commercially exploiting the works. A U.S. judge dismissed the case in February 2017, ruling that FedEx was an intermediary, and that the provision of the license "does not limit a licensee's ability to use third parties in exercising the rights granted [by the licensor]."<sup id="cite_ref-ars-greatminds_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars-greatminds-47">[47]</a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Personality_rights">Personality rights</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personality rights">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In 2007, <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Australia" title="Virgin Mobile Australia">Virgin Mobile Australia</a> launched a bus stop advertising campaign which promoted its mobile phone text messaging service using the work of amateur photographers who uploaded their work to photo-sharing site <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> using a <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_Attribution_2.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Commons Attribution 2.5">Creative Commons by Attribution</a> license. Users licensing their images this way freed their work for use by any other entity, as long as the original creator was attributed credit, without any other compensation being required. Virgin upheld this single restriction by printing a URL, leading to the photographer's Flickr page, on each of their ads. However, one picture depicted 15-year-old Alison Chang posing for a photo at her church's fund-raising carwash, with the superimposed, mocking slogan "Dump Your Pen Friend".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-permission_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-permission-49">[49]</a></sup> Chang sued Virgin Mobile and Creative Commons. The photo was taken by Alison's church youth counsellor, Justin Ho-Wee Wong, who uploaded the image to Flickr under the Creative Commons license.<sup id="cite_ref-permission_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-permission-49">[49]</a></sup></p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>The case hinges on privacy, the right of people not to have their likeness used in an ad without permission. So, while Mr. Wong may have given away his rights as a photographer, he did not, and could not, give away Alison's <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">rights</a>. In the lawsuit, which Mr. Wong is also a party to, there is an argument that Virgin did not honor all the terms of the nonrestrictive license.<sup id="cite_ref-permission_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-permission-49">[49]</a></sup></p> </blockquote> <p>On 27 November 2007, Chang filed for a voluntary dismissal of the lawsuit against Creative Commons, focusing their lawsuit against Virgin Mobile.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> The case was thrown out of court due to lack of jurisdiction and subsequently Virgin Mobile did not incur any damages towards the defendant.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_culture_movement" title="Free culture movement">Free culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content" title="Open content">Open content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source">Open source</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://whois.domaintools.com/creativecommons.org">"CreativeCommons.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHOIS" title="WHOIS">WHOIS</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=Lawsuit+Against+Creative+Commons+Dropped&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F140189%2Flawsuit_against_creative_commons_dropped.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">LaVine, Lindsay (2012-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/50261013/ns/business-small_business/t/use-photos-advertisements-take-these-steps-avoid-lawsuit/">"Use Photos in Advertisements? Take These Steps to Avoid a Lawsuit"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Use+Photos+in+Advertisements%3F+Take+These+Steps+to+Avoid+a+Lawsuit&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft.aulast=LaVine&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F50261013%2Fns%2Fbusiness-small_business%2Ft%2Fuse-photos-advertisements-take-these-steps-avoid-lawsuit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><cite id="Ardito,_Public-Domain_Advocacy_Flourishes" class="citation journal">Ardito, Stephanie C. (2003). "Public-Domain Advocacy Flourishes". <i>Information Today</i>. <b>20</b> (7): 17, 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Today&rft.atitle=Public-Domain+Advocacy+Flourishes&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=17%2C+19&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Ardito&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Asschenfeldt, Christiane. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=a035925">Copyright and Licensing Issues—The International Commons.</a>" In <i>CERN Workshop Series on Innovations in Scholarly Communication: Implementing the Benefits of OAI (OAI3), 12–14 February 2004 at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland</i>. Geneva: CERN, 2004. (video)</li> <li>Brown, Glenn Otis. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://web.archive.org/web/20060618080936/http://syllabus.com/article.asp?id=7475">Academic Digital Rights: A Walk on the Creative Commons.</a>" <i>Syllabus Magazine</i> (April 2003).</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0000009">Out of the Way: How the Next Copyright Revolution Can Help the Next Scientific Revolution.</a>" <i>PLoS Biology</i> 1, no. 1 (2003): 30–31.</li> <li>Chillingworth, Mark. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://web.archive.org/web/20050131073558/http://www.iwr.co.uk/iwreview/1155821">Creative Commons Attracts BBC's Attention.</a>" <i>Information World Review</i>, 11 June 2004.</li> <li>Conhaim, Wallys W. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbreader.asp?ArticleID=17167">Creative Commons Nurtures the Public Domain.</a>" <i>Information Today</i> 19, no. 7 (2002): 52, 54.</li> <li><cite id="Cover_Pages,_Delivering_Classics_Resources" class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2004-04-28-a.html">"Delivering Classics Resources with TEI-XML, Open Source, and Creative Commons Licenses"</a>. <i>Cover Pages</i>. 28 April 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cover+Pages&rft.atitle=Delivering+Classics+Resources+with+TEI-XML%2C+Open+Source%2C+and+Creative+Commons+Licenses&rft.date=2004-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxml.coverpages.org%2Fni2004-04-28-a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Denison, D.C. "For Creators, An Argument for Alienable Rights." <i>Boston Globe</i>, 22 December 2002, E2.</li> <li><cite id="Ermert,_Germany_Debuts_Creative_Commons" class="citation web">Ermert, Monika (15 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/06/15/german_creative_commons/">"Germany Debuts Creative Commons"</a>. The Register.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany+Debuts+Creative+Commons&rft.pub=The+Register&rft.date=2004-06-15&rft.aulast=Ermert&rft.aufirst=Monika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2004%2F06%2F15%2Fgerman_creative_commons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Fitzgerald, Brian, and Ian Oi. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://eprints.qut.edu.au/122/">Free Culture: Cultivating the Creative Commons.</a>" (2004).</li> <li>Hietanen, Herkko "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/42778">The Pursuit of Efficient Copyright Licensing — How Some Rights Reserved Attempts to Solve the Problems of All Rights Reserved</a>" (2008) PhD dissertation.</li> <li>Johnstone, Sally M. "Sharing Educational Materials Without Losing Rights." <i>Change</i> 35, no. 6 (2003): 49–51.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lessig, Lawrence</a> (2003). "The Creative Commons". <i>Florida Law Review</i>. <b>55</b>: 763–777.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Creative+Commons&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=763-777&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Möller Erik, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://web.archive.org/web/20080410233936/http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de/download/jb2006/chapter_06/osjb2006-06-02-en-moeller.pdf">The Case for Free Use: Reasons Not to Use a Creative Commons -NC License</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de/">Open Source Jahrbuch 2006</a>.</li> <li><cite id="Plotkin,_All_Hail_Creative_Commons" class="citation news">Plotkin, Hal (11 February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/gate/archive/2002/02/11/creatcom.DTL">"All Hail Creative Commons: Stanford Professor and Author Lawrence Lessig Plans a Legal Insurrection"</a>. SFGate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=All+Hail+Creative+Commons%3A+Stanford+Professor+and+Author+Lawrence+Lessig+Plans+a+Legal+Insurrection&rft.date=2002-02-11&rft.aulast=Plotkin&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ffile%3D%2Fgate%2Farchive%2F2002%2F02%2F11%2Fcreatcom.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Richard, Phillip, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://www.thembj.org/2012/10/copyright-inefficiency/">"Copyright Inefficiency"</a>, <i>Music Business Journal</i>, <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a> (Oct. 2012)</li> <li><cite id="Schloman,_Creative_Commons" class="citation journal">Schloman, Barbara F. (13 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://web.archive.org/web/20031022095028/http://nursingworld.org/ojin/infocol/info_12.htm">"Creative Commons: An Opportunity to Extend the Public Domain"</a>. <i>Online Journal of Issues in Nursing</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://nursingworld.org/ojin/infocol/info_12.htm">the original</a> on October 22, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Online+Journal+of+Issues+in+Nursing&rft.atitle=Creative+Commons%3A+An+Opportunity+to+Extend+the+Public+Domain&rft.date=2003-10-13&rft.aulast=Schloman&rft.aufirst=Barbara+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnursingworld.org%2Fojin%2Finfocol%2Finfo_12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Stix,_Some_Rights_Reserved" class="citation journal">Stix, Gary (March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://web.archive.org/web/20050915115752/http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&colID=7&articleID=000C2691-4F88-1E40-89E0809EC588EEDF">"Some Rights Reserved"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. <b>288</b> (3): 46. <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0303-46">10.1038/scientificamerican0303-46</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&colID=7&articleID=000C2691-4F88-1E40-89E0809EC588EEDF">the original</a> on 2005-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Some+Rights+Reserved&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=46&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0303-46&rft.aulast=Stix&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciam.com%2Farticle.cfm%3FchanID%3Dsa006%26colID%3D7%26articleID%3D000C2691-4F88-1E40-89E0809EC588EEDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Weitzman, Jonathan B., and Lawrence Lessig. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://web.archive.org/web/20070530042929/http://www.biomedcentral.com/openaccess/archive/?page=features&issue=16">Open Access and Creative Common Sense.</a>" <i>Open Access Now</i>, 10 May 2004.</li> <li>Till Kreutzer: <i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Open_Content_-_A_Practical_Guide_to_Using_Creative_Commons_Licences/Guide" class="extiw" title="m:Open Content - A Practical Guide to Using Creative Commons Licences/Guide">Open Content – A Practical Guide to Using Creative Commons Licences</a></i>, Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission e. V., Hochschulbibliothekszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. 2015.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;">Find more about<b style="display:block;">Creative Commons</b>at Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <ul style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;"> <li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="wikt:Creative Commons">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li> <li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Creative Commons">Media</a> from Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="23" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="q:Creative Commons">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li> <li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="26" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="s:Category:Creative Commons">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li> <li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/27px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" width="27" height="24" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/41px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/54px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="v:Creative Commons">Learning resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li> <li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" width="27" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171215222700im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43449" class="extiw" title="d:Q43449">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://creativecommons.org/">Creative Commons</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://wiki.creativecommons.org/">Creative Commons wiki</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/">Short Flash animation describing Creative Commons</a></li> </ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Creative_Commons" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Creative_Commons" title="Template:Creative Commons"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Creative_Commons" title="Template talk:Creative Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Creative_Commons&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Creative_Commons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creative Commons</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works and projects</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Licenses</a> (<a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Domain_Mark" title="Public Domain Mark">Public Domain Mark</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_available_under_a_Creative_Commons_license" class="mw-redirect" title="List of works available under a Creative Commons license">Licensed works</a> (<a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons-licensed_works" title="Category:Creative Commons-licensed works">Category</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons-licensed_content_directories" title="Creative Commons-licensed content directories">Content directories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_jurisdiction_ports" title="Creative Commons jurisdiction ports">Jurisdiction ports</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major directories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CcMixter" title="CcMixter">ccMixter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenGameArt.org" title="OpenGameArt.org">OpenGameArt.org</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmazic" title="Dogmazic">Dogmazic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlow" title="Phlow">Phlow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrobel" title="Electrobel">Electrobel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newgrounds#Audio_portal" title="Newgrounds">Newgrounds Audio portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripped" title="Scripped">Scripped</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mininova" title="Mininova">Mininova</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia</a> (<a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joi_Ito" title="Joi Ito">Joi Ito</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free</a> and <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content" title="Open content">open content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_culture_movement" title="Free culture movement">Free culture movement</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intellectual_property_activism" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Intellectual_property_activism" title="Template:Intellectual property activism"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Intellectual_property_activism" title="Template talk:Intellectual property activism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Intellectual_property_activism&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Intellectual_property_activism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a> activism</div> </th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">Copyright infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripe_site" title="Gripe site">Gripe site</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legal aspects of file sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(culture)" title="Mashup (culture)">Mashup</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(video)" title="Mashup (video)">videos</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolies_of_knowledge" title="Monopolies of knowledge">Monopolies of knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_piracy" title="Music piracy">Music piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_works" title="Orphan works">Orphan works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_views_on_patents" title="Societal views on patents">Patents</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">biological</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patent_debate" title="Software patent debate">software patent debate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_troll" title="Patent troll">trolling</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_rights_reversed" title="All rights reversed">All rights reversed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Alternatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright Alternatives">Alternative compensation system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-copyright_notice" title="Anti-copyright notice">Anti-copyright notice</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_models_for_open-source_software" title="Business models for open-source software">Business models for open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_use_of_copyleft_works" title="Commercial use of copyleft works">Commercial use of copyleft works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_license" title="Free software license">Free software license</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Libertarian positions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content" title="Open content">Open content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_design" title="Open design">Open design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Music_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Music Model">Open Music Model</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patentleft" title="Patentleft">Open patent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizes_as_an_alternative_to_patents" title="Prizes as an alternative to patents">Prize system</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inducement_prize_contest" title="Inducement prize contest">contests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share-alike" title="Share-alike">Share-alike</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_to_Knowledge_movement" title="Access to Knowledge movement">Access to Knowledge movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_copyright" title="Opposition to copyright">Anti-copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_environmentalism" title="Cultural environmentalism">Cultural environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_culture_movement" title="Free culture movement">Free culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Alliance" title="Copyright Alliance">Copyright Alliance</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creative Commons</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Rights_Group" title="Open Rights Group">Open Rights Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Transformative_Works" title="Organization for Transformative Works">Organization for Transformative Works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratbyr%C3%A5n" title="Piratbyrån">Piratbyrån</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_Free_Culture" title="Students for Free Culture">Students for Free Culture</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan" title="Alexandra Elbakyan">Alexandra Elbakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Falkvinge" title="Rick Falkvinge">Rick Falkvinge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sunde" title="Peter Sunde">Peter Sunde</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steal_This_Film" title="Steal This Film"><i>Steal This Film</i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(2006, 2007)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Copy_Bad_Copy" title="Good Copy Bad Copy"><i>Good Copy Bad Copy</i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(2007)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiP!:_A_Remix_Manifesto" title="RiP!: A Remix Manifesto"><i>RiP!: A Remix Manifesto</i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(2008)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPB_AFK" title="TPB AFK"><i>TPB AFK: The Pirate Bay Away From Keyboard</i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(2013)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Internet%27s_Own_Boy" title="The Internet's Own Boy"><i>The Internet's Own Boy</i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(2014)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_culture_and_open_movements" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Open_navbox" title="Template:Open navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Open_navbox" title="Template talk:Open navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Open_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Free_culture_and_open_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_culture_movement" title="Free culture movement">Free culture</a> and <a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source">open</a> movements</div> </th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge commons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collaboration" title="Open collaboration">Open collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content" title="Open content">Open content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_communication" title="Open communication">Open communication</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">Open data</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Open_Definition" title="The Open Definition">Open definition</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_design" title="Open design">Open design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_gaming" title="Open gaming">Open gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_government" title="Open government">Open government</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_innovation" title="Open innovation">Open innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_knowledge" title="Open knowledge">Open knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_patent" class="mw-redirect" title="Open patent">Open patent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_architecture" title="Open-source architecture">Open-source architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_governance" title="Open-source governance">Open-source governance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_journalism" title="Open-source journalism">Open-source journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source hardware">Open source hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">Open standards</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_university" title="Open university">Open university</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-door_academic_policy" title="Open-door academic policy">Open-door academic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_admissions" title="Open admissions">Open admissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Web" title="Open Web">Open Web</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="P2P economic system">P2P economic system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharism" title="Sharism">Sharism</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">Free and open-source</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Data_Indicies" title="Open Data Indicies">Open Data Indicies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Music_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Music Model">Open Music Model</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_notebook_science" title="Open notebook science">Open notebook science</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do-it-yourself_biology" title="Do-it-yourself biology">DIYbio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Architecture_Network" title="Open Architecture Network">Open Architecture Network</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Energy_Modelling_Initiative" title="Open Energy Modelling Initiative">Openmod initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Knowledge_International" title="Open Knowledge International">Open Knowledge International</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Rights_Group" title="Open Rights Group">Open Rights Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P2P_Foundation" title="P2P Foundation">P2P Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLOS" title="PLOS">PLOS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">SPARC</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan" title="Alexandra Elbakyan">Alexandra Elbakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Murray-Rust" title="Peter Murray-Rust">Peter Murray-Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Rushkoff" title="Douglas Rushkoff">Douglas Rushkoff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sunde" title="Peter Sunde">Peter Sunde</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilbanks" title="John Wilbanks">John Wilbanks</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons license</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_culture_movement" title="Free culture movement">Free culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCores" title="OpenCores">OpenCores</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenWetWare" title="OpenWetWare">OpenWetWare</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20171215222700/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" 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id="p-lang-label">Languages</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="المشاع الإبداعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ক্রিয়েটিভ কমন্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krea_Komuna%C4%B5o" title="Krea Komunaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2" title="کرییتیو کامنز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C_%EC%BB%A4%EB%A8%BC%EC%A6%88" title="크리에이티브 커먼즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिएटिव कॉमन्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криејтив комонс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമൺസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="كرييتيف كومونز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="クリエイティブ・コモンズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AD_%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8" title="କ୍ରିଏଟିଭ କମନ୍ସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A_Creative_Commons" title="អង្គការ Creative Commons – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Кријејтив комонс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="படைப்பாக்கப் பொதுமங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్రియేటివ్ కామన్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ครีเอทีฟคอมมอนส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F" title="共享創意 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E4%BD%9C%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8" title="创作共用 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222700/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43449#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" 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