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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-First_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>First proposals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway_proposed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway_proposed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Birmingham and Gloucester Railway proposed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway_proposed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authorisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authorisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Authorisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authorisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_of_the_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_of_the_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Opening of the line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_of_the_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locomotives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locomotives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Locomotives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locomotives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_business_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_business_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Early business performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_business_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tewkesbury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tewkesbury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tewkesbury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tewkesbury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bristol and Gloucester Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absorption_by_the_Midland_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absorption_by_the_Midland_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Absorption by the Midland Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absorption_by_the_Midland_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worcester" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worcester"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Worcester</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worcester-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Direct_Line_at_Landor_Street_Junction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Direct_Line_at_Landor_Street_Junction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>The Direct Line at Landor Street Junction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Direct_Line_at_Landor_Street_Junction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birmingham_West_Suburban_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birmingham_West_Suburban_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Birmingham West Suburban Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birmingham_West_Suburban_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifford_Curve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifford_Curve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Lifford Curve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifford_Curve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lickey_bank_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lickey_bank_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Lickey bank engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lickey_bank_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intermediate_stations_near_Birmingham" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intermediate_stations_near_Birmingham"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Intermediate stations near Birmingham</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intermediate_stations_near_Birmingham-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_1923" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_1923"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>From 1923</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_1923-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationalisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Nationalisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationalisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concentration_from_alternative_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concentration_from_alternative_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Concentration from alternative routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concentration_from_alternative_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>The present day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents_and_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Accidents and incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Topography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Topography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Connecting_line_to_London_and_Birmingham_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connecting_line_to_London_and_Birmingham_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.1</span> <span>Connecting line to London and Birmingham Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connecting_line_to_London_and_Birmingham_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connecting_line_to_Birmingham_and_Derby_Junction_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connecting_line_to_Birmingham_and_Derby_Junction_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.2</span> <span>Connecting line to Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connecting_line_to_Birmingham_and_Derby_Junction_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tewkesbury_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tewkesbury_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.3</span> <span>Tewkesbury branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tewkesbury_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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navbar-mini" style="float:left;margin-right:5px;white-space:nowrap"><ul class="navbar-brackets" style="font-size:113.63636363636%;color:#FFFFFF"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Template:Birmingham and Gloucester Railway"><abbr title="View this template" style="font-size:113.63636363636%;color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Template talk:Birmingham and Gloucester Railway"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="font-size:113.63636363636%;color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Birmingham and Gloucester Railway"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="font-size:113.63636363636%;color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="margin-left:55px"><div style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:55px;font-size:113.63636363636%">Birmingham and<br />Gloucester Railway</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:4px 5px"><div class="selfreference noprint" style="text-align:right;font-size:97%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_line_legend" title="Template:Railway line legend">Legend</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0px 6px 6px"> <table class="nogrid routemap" style="font-size:107.95454545455%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exKBHFa-Rq"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BSicon_exKBHFa-Rq.svg/20px-BSicon_exKBHFa-Rq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BSicon_exKBHFa-Rq.svg/30px-BSicon_exKBHFa-Rq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BSicon_exKBHFa-Rq.svg/40px-BSicon_exKBHFa-Rq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><div class="RMov"><div class="RMic"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exCONT2+r; exCONT1+r"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BSicon_exCONT1%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_exCONT1%2Br.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BSicon_exCONT1%2Br.svg/30px-BSicon_exCONT1%2Br.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BSicon_exCONT1%2Br.svg/40px-BSicon_exCONT1%2Br.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exCONT2+r; exCONT1+r"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BSicon_exCONT2%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_exCONT2%2Br.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BSicon_exCONT2%2Br.svg/30px-BSicon_exCONT2%2Br.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BSicon_exCONT2%2Br.svg/40px-BSicon_exCONT2%2Br.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">LNWR</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exKBHFa-Lq"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BSicon_exKBHFa-Lq.svg/20px-BSicon_exKBHFa-Lq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BSicon_exKBHFa-Lq.svg/30px-BSicon_exKBHFa-Lq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BSicon_exKBHFa-Lq.svg/40px-BSicon_exKBHFa-Lq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exSTR+r"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/BSicon_exSTR%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_exSTR%2Br.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/BSicon_exSTR%2Br.svg/30px-BSicon_exSTR%2Br.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/BSicon_exSTR%2Br.svg/40px-BSicon_exSTR%2Br.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Curzon_Street_railway_station_(1838%E2%80%931966)" title="Birmingham Curzon Street railway station (1838–1966)">Birmingham (Curzon Street)</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exKBSTaq"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BSicon_exKBSTaq.svg/20px-BSicon_exKBSTaq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BSicon_exKBSTaq.svg/30px-BSicon_exKBSTaq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BSicon_exKBSTaq.svg/40px-BSicon_exKBSTaq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exABZg+r"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/BSicon_exABZg%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_exABZg%2Br.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/BSicon_exABZg%2Br.svg/30px-BSicon_exABZg%2Br.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/BSicon_exABZg%2Br.svg/40px-BSicon_exABZg%2Br.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_railway_station" title="Camp Hill railway station">Camp Hill Goods</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eKHSTxa"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSicon_eKHSTxa.svg/20px-BSicon_eKHSTxa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSicon_eKHSTxa.svg/30px-BSicon_eKHSTxa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSicon_eKHSTxa.svg/40px-BSicon_eKHSTxa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_railway_station" title="Camp Hill railway station">Camp Hill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/30px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/40px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kings_Heath_railway_station" title="Kings Heath railway station">Moseley (Kings Heath)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/30px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/40px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Longbridge_railway_station" title="Longbridge railway station">Longbridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cofton_railway_station" title="Cofton railway station">Cofton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Croft_Farm_railway_station" title="Croft Farm railway station">Croft Farm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/30px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/40px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barnt_Green_railway_station" title="Barnt Green railway station">Barnt Green</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Blackwell_railway_station" title="Blackwell railway station">Blackwell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/30px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/40px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bromsgrove_railway_station" title="Bromsgrove railway station">Bromsgrove</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Works_railway_station" title="Stoke Works railway station">Stoke Works</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dodderhill" title="Dodderhill">Dodderhill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Droitwich_Road_railway_station" title="Droitwich Road railway station">Droitwich (Droitwich Road)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dunhampstead_railway_station" title="Dunhampstead railway station">Dunhampstead</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oddingley_railway_station" title="Oddingley railway station">Oddingley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bredicot_railway_station" title="Bredicot railway station">Bredicot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spetchley_railway_station" title="Spetchley railway station">Spetchley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Norton,_Worcestershire" title="Norton, Worcestershire">Norton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abbots_Wood_Junction_railway_station" title="Abbots Wood Junction railway station">Abbots Wood Junction</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wadborough_railway_station" title="Wadborough railway station">Wadborough</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pirton_railway_station" title="Pirton railway station">Pirton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Besford_railway_station" title="Besford railway station">Besford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Defford_railway_station" title="Defford railway station">Defford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eckington_railway_station" title="Eckington railway station">Eckington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bredon_railway_station" title="Bredon railway station">Bredon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="exKHSTaq"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BSicon_exKHSTaq.svg/20px-BSicon_exKHSTaq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BSicon_exKHSTaq.svg/30px-BSicon_exKHSTaq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BSicon_exKHSTaq.svg/40px-BSicon_exKHSTaq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eKRWgr+r"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_eKRWgr%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_eKRWgr%2Br.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_eKRWgr%2Br.svg/30px-BSicon_eKRWgr%2Br.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_eKRWgr%2Br.svg/40px-BSicon_eKRWgr%2Br.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury_railway_station" title="Tewkesbury railway station">Tewkesbury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/30px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/40px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ashchurch_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashchurch railway station">Ashchurch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cleeve_railway_station" title="Cleeve railway station">Cleeve</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swindon_railway_station" title="Swindon railway station">Swindon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_High_Street_railway_station" title="Cheltenham High Street railway station">Cheltenham High Street</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/30px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/40px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Spa_railway_station" title="Cheltenham Spa railway station">Cheltenham Spa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Badgworth_railway_station" title="Badgworth railway station">Badgworth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="eHST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/20px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/30px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/BSicon_eHST.svg/40px-BSicon_eHST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Churchdown_railway_station" title="Churchdown railway station">Churchdown</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="KBHFa-Rq"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BSicon_KBHFa-Rq.svg/20px-BSicon_KBHFa-Rq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BSicon_KBHFa-Rq.svg/30px-BSicon_KBHFa-Rq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BSicon_KBHFa-Rq.svg/40px-BSicon_KBHFa-Rq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STRr"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BSicon_STRr.svg/20px-BSicon_STRr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BSicon_STRr.svg/30px-BSicon_STRr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BSicon_STRr.svg/40px-BSicon_STRr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_railway_station" title="Gloucester railway station">Gloucester</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="KBHFa-Lq"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BSicon_KBHFa-Lq.svg/20px-BSicon_KBHFa-Lq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BSicon_KBHFa-Lq.svg/30px-BSicon_KBHFa-Lq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BSicon_KBHFa-Lq.svg/40px-BSicon_KBHFa-Lq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="CONTf+r"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BSicon_CONTf%2Br.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf%2Br.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BSicon_CONTf%2Br.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTf%2Br.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BSicon_CONTf%2Br.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTf%2Br.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Bristol and Gloucester Railway">Bristol & Gloucester Railway</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 3px 0 0;"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding:0 0 0 3px;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Birmingham and Gloucester Railway</b> (B&GR) was the first name of the railway linking the cities in its name and of the company which pioneered and developed it; the line opened in stages in 1840, using a terminus at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_railway_station" title="Camp Hill railway station">Camp Hill</a> in Birmingham. It linked with the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Bristol and Gloucester Railway">Bristol and Gloucester Railway</a> in Gloucester, but at first that company's line was <a href="/wiki/Brunel_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel gauge">broad gauge</a>, and Gloucester was a point of the necessary but inconvenient transhipment of goods and passengers onto <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span> that became the national standard. Nearly all of the original main line remains active as a "trunk" route, also known as an arterial route or line. </p><p>Its main line incorporated the <a href="/wiki/Lickey_Incline" title="Lickey Incline">Lickey Incline</a> 2 miles (3.2 km) of track climbing a 1-in-37 (2.7%) gradient, northbound (and descending in the other). The climb was a challenge or impediment for many of the heaviest loads and weaker engines during the era of steam traction. </p><p>Having attracted its own patronage, capital and accomplished fully functional transformation and employment of land, buildings, labour force and rolling stock, it was acquired by the Midland Railway in 1846. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_proposals">First proposals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: First proposals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brum%26glos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brum%26glos.png/220px-Brum%26glos.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="533" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brum%26glos.png/330px-Brum%26glos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brum%26glos.png/440px-Brum%26glos.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption>The Birmingham and Gloucester Railway system in 1845</figcaption></figure><p>The idea for a railway line between <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> was put forward during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Stockton_and_Darlington_Railway" title="Stockton and Darlington Railway">Stockton and Darlington Railway</a>. 78,000 tons of goods were conveyed from Birmingham to Bristol annually, a journey that took nearly a week, and the cost of the journey was high. At a meeting in Bristol on 13 December 1824 subscriptions were taken for a proposed <i>Bristol, Northern and Western Railway</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Investors, among which wealthy venture capitalists, were enthusiasts of the scheme and before the fund promoters' prospectus meeting closed, all the 16,000 shares allocated to Bristol were taken up. A further 9,000 shares were created, the subscription fee and paying-up of which was allocated to other locations, and the total amounted to £1.25 million (equivalent to £1,389 million in 2023), in an era when cheap and plentiful labourers' and professional work would have enabled the construction of thousands of houses or road modifications (e.g. regular bridges) for such a sum. The company surveyed the route in 1825 but there was a <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1826" title="Panic of 1826">financial crisis in 1826</a> in which investors asked for the project to be suspended, which the company did.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1832 the company advanced a new scheme; <a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a> was asked to survey a cheap route between Birmingham and <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>. He avoided the barrier of the <a href="/wiki/Lickey_Hills" title="Lickey Hills">Lickey Hills</a> and his maximum gradient would have been 1 in 300. This scheme too failed to make progress due to lack of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway_proposed">Birmingham and Gloucester Railway proposed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birmingham and Gloucester Railway proposed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea was revived when in 1834 <a href="/wiki/William_Moorsom" title="William Moorsom">Captain W. S. Moorsom</a> was engaged to survey a route; once again economy was considered to be essential, and his route avoided large towns thus lowered cost of the land. Bypassed townspeople expressed disappointment and <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a> was particularly vocal. Moorsom modified his intended route to provide it a station, but that was not considered convenient for the centre of the town, and a branch line was proposed. When the B&GR promoters refused to contemplate the expense of that, <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Thompson" title="Pearson Thompson">Pearson Thompson</a>, a prominent Cheltenham resident and a member of the Gloucester Committee of the B&GR, offered to build it himself at his own expense.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Around Birmingham local politics and geographic factors proved easier; a connection to the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="London and Birmingham Railway">London and Birmingham Railway</a> close to the nascent city was agreed, moreover, L&BR agreed to shared use of their <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Curzon_Street_railway_station_(1838%E2%80%931966)" title="Birmingham Curzon Street railway station (1838–1966)">Curzon Street station</a> on payment of a toll. As well as giving a direct connection to London, and over the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction_Railway" title="Grand Junction Railway">Grand Junction Railway</a> to the north west of England, this avoided the expense of constructing a new terminus in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Moorsom estimated the cost of construction to be £920,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Moorsom's route did climb the <a href="/wiki/Lickey_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lickey Ridge">Lickey Ridge</a> directly, involving a long climb. This was divided into two sections: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> miles (2.0 km) at 1 in 54 worked by a 96 hp (72 kW) stationary engine, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> miles (2.0 km) at 1 in 36 worked by a 121 hp (90 kW) machine. there was also to be an inclined plane at Gloucester to reach a goods depot at the canal, and another at the connecting line to the L&BR in Birmingham, at 1 in 84.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 1836 session of Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_and_Great_Western_Union_Railway" title="Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway">Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway</a>'s plans were likewise considered, and between Gloucester and Cheltenham the two companies proposed almost identical routing. They came to an arrangement by which they would collaborate in the construction. The line between Gloucester and Cheltenham was to be divided, the Cheltenham end being built by the Birmingham company and the Gloucester end by the C&GWUR. Each would build one of the stations and both would have freedom to run over the whole line and use both the stations. The means of dealing with the complexity of the different gauges was not fully specified at first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-maggs-c&gwur_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-c&gwur-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A functional plateway tramroad ran between the two: the <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_and_Cheltenham_Tramroad" title="Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad">Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that opened in 1810. As well as connecting the two, it had an important branch to quarries at Leckhampton, in the hills south of Cheltenham and terminus at the Gloucester docks. Stone for house building was in demand at the time. Acquisition of the tramroad was sought by the B&GR and the C&GWUR; its alignment was unsuitable for a main line railway but its dock trade and access were very attractive. The collaborative approach to building the new main line extended to the issue of acquiring the tramroad, and it was agreed to do so jointly, for the sum of £35,000.<sup id="cite_ref-bick_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bick-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authorisation">Authorisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Authorisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Birmingham and Gloucester Railway Act 1836</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281816-1837%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281816-1837%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281816-1837%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281816-1837%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281816-1837%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281816-1837%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/6_%26_7_Will._4" class="mw-redirect" title="6 & 7 Will. 4">6 & 7 Will. 4</a>. c. xiv</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22 April 1836</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lickey_bank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lickey_bank.png/220px-Lickey_bank.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lickey_bank.png/330px-Lickey_bank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lickey_bank.png/440px-Lickey_bank.png 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>The Lickey Incline about 1845</figcaption></figure> <p>At this stage the line was conceived as a toll railway (on which independent carriers would run trains, paying the B&GR a toll for that right). The railway received <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament (UK)">act of Parliament</a>, the <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway_Act_1836"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Birmingham and Gloucester Railway Act 1836</span></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/6_%26_7_Will._4" class="mw-redirect" title="6 & 7 Will. 4">6 & 7 Will. 4</a>. c. xiv), on 22 April 1836, with authorised capital of £950,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Birmingham and Gloucester Railway (Worcester and Tewkesbury Branches) Act 1837</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to amend an Act passed in the last Session of Parliament, for making a Railway from Birmingham to Gloucester, to extend the Line of the said Railway, and to make Branches therefrom to the City of Worcester and the Town of Tewkesbury.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/7_Will._4_%26_1_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.">7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.</a> c. xxvi</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 May 1837</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amends</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Birmingham and Gloucester Railway Act 1836</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Will4and1Vict/7/26/pdfs/ukla_18370026_en.pdf">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Opinion among the parliamentary borough of <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>'s elite and businesses was strong for a much closer line. To assuage fear of other railway company competition, the B&GR agreed to provide it a branch line, from Abbotswood in the county. Similarly <a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury" title="Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a> had to be pacified, with a branch line from <a href="/wiki/Ashchurch" title="Ashchurch">Ashchurch</a>. These were authorised by the <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway_(Worcester_and_Tewkesbury_Branches)_Act_1837"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Birmingham and Gloucester Railway (Worcester and Tewkesbury Branches) Act 1837</span></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/7_Will._4_%26_1_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.">7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.</a> c. xxvi) of 5 May 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for extensions to Worcester and Tewkesbury.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction had been delayed due to high prices and the difficulty of obtaining access to the land on the route, but in April 1837 it was started in earnest. However a group of shareholders cast doubt on Moorsom's ability and it was agreed that there would be a six-week delay while an eminent engineer reviewed the technical aspects of the proposed line. This was done by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Locke" title="Joseph Locke">Joseph Locke</a>, and his report on the technical aspects, including the <a href="/wiki/Lickey_Incline" title="Lickey Incline">Lickey Incline</a>, was favourable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_and_Great_Western_Union_Railway" title="Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway">Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway</a> company had been short of money from the outset, chiefly due to its parliamentary battle won with a rival to reach Cheltenham. In November 1837 it made clear it its easternmost part (<a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cirencester" title="Cirencester">Cirencester</a>) took total priority. Thus its agreement to lay the line between Cheltenham and Gloucester, on which the B&GR depend had banked, was put back. The B&GR were alarmed by this; if the C&GWUR were to become insolvent and their powers lapsed, the B&GR had no powers to form the line themselves. </p><p>The C&GWUR had a bill before Parliament in the 1838 session, and it was mutually accepted that protective clauses for the B&GR could be inserted; power was given for the B&GR to build the line itself if the C&GWUR failed to do so by a date; each company would build and own one town station.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The B&GR under these provisions soon built the line itself. </p><p>By August 1839 the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway had four locomotives, and 35 wagons had been delivered but an early opening that was anticipated was delayed by extremely bad weather. The directors joined the first public passenger journey on part of the route on 1 June 1840; involving two round trips.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opening_of_the_line">Opening of the line</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opening of the line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The line was opened in stages; from Cheltenham to <a href="/wiki/Bromsgrove" title="Bromsgrove">Bromsgrove</a> was opened to the public without ceremony on 24 June 1840 for passenger traffic. On 17 September 1840 it was extended to a temporary terminus at Cofton Farm a little south of semi-rural <a href="/wiki/Longbridge" title="Longbridge">Longbridge</a>, south of Birmingham. The Cheltenham to Gloucester section was opened on 4 November 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 17 December 1840 northern extension, to <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_railway_station" title="Camp Hill railway station">Camp Hill</a>, opened which became the Birmingham terminus for a time, as very early planned.<sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tewkesbury branch opened on 21 July 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-christiansen13_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was horse-operated until 1844; doubletrack was installed in 1864 in connection with the construction of the Malvern and Tewkesbury line.<sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The line was more widely linked, as agreed, by building then opening a junction with the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="London and Birmingham Railway">London and Birmingham Railway</a> beyond <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_railway_station" title="Camp Hill railway station">Camp Hill</a> on 17 August 1841 when Camp Hill was relegated to a goods station and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Curzon_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham Curzon Street railway station">Curzon Street station</a> became a major junction station and further operational route terminus.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goods traffic started on the line in April 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One tunnel exists and was engineered for the line at Grovely Hill, near Bromsgrove; one-quarter mile (0.4 km) in length, lined in brick with no invert. The largest bridge is over the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Warwickshire" title="River Avon, Warwickshire">Avon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Eckington,_Worcestershire" title="Eckington, Worcestershire">Eckington, Worcestershire</a>, when built having three cast-iron segmental arches of 73-foot (22.3 m) span supported on two lines of iron columns.<sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rails were <a href="/wiki/Vignoles_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Vignoles rail">Vignoles rail</a> weighing 56 lb/yd (27.8 kg/m), laid on longitudinal <a href="/wiki/Railroad_tie" title="Railroad tie">sleepers</a>, except on <a href="/wiki/Embankment_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embankment (transportation)">embankments</a> over 15 feet (4.6 m) high where cross sleepers were used. The construction had cost £1,266,666.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vignoles_rail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vignoles_rail.jpg/220px-Vignoles_rail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vignoles_rail.jpg/330px-Vignoles_rail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vignoles_rail.jpg/440px-Vignoles_rail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vignoles_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Vignoles rail">Vignoles rail</a> as used for the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway in 1840</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locomotives">Locomotives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: The balance of this section does not really match the totality of the locomotives of locomotives of the company; omitting McConnell's work and the history and use of the Norris locomotive types.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bury" title="Edward Bury">Edward Bury</a>, locomotive builder and superintendent of the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="London and Birmingham Railway">London and Birmingham Railway</a>, was engaged in 1838 as consultant for motive power, workshops and stationary engine for the Lickey Incline. He promptly organised the purchase of two second hand engines, the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-4-0" title="0-4-0">0-4-0</a></span> <i>Leicester</i> and the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-4-2" title="0-4-2">0-4-2</a></span> <i>Southampton</i> to assist in line construction and ordered four from George Forrester, the first two arriving in November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England_locomotive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/England_locomotive.jpg/220px-England_locomotive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/England_locomotive.jpg/330px-England_locomotive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/England_locomotive.jpg/440px-England_locomotive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>The "England" locomotive built by the Norris company</figcaption></figure><p>In 1838, during the construction period thought was being given once again to the working of the Lickey Incline by locomotives. Although Brunel, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a> and Bury declared this to be impossible or advised against it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131–132_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131–132-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain Moorsom said that he had seen locomotives working similar gradients in the US,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An order was placed with engine builders called <a href="/wiki/Norris_Locomotive_Works" title="Norris Locomotive Works">Norris Locomotive Works</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> for a number of 4-2-0 locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The key requirement for the B&GR was for three 12 ton <i>Class A Extra</i> locomotives to assist trains up the Lickey Incline, but astute and possibly duplicitous salesmanship by the Norris team resulted in additional sales of seven <i>Class B</i> and three <i>Class A</i> of eight and ten tons respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987158–161_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987158–161-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the initial deliberations about engines fit for the Lickey incline, several American engines were obtained.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prototype Norris engine was described as a Class A Extra locomotive, supposedly capable of taking 75 long tons (76 tonnes) up the Lickey incline at 10 to 15 mph (15 to 25 km/h). Three more of these were ordered. Norris's British agent persuaded the B&GR to purchase smaller "Class B" locomotives, and the prototype, <i>England</i>, was trialled on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction_Railway" title="Grand Junction Railway">Grand Junction Railway</a> (as the B&GR was not ready) in March 1839, and found to be non-compliant with the specification as to load haulage. Undeterred, the B&GR purchased six of the class B engines. A Class A Extra locomotive, <i>Philadelphia</i>, was delivered at the end of May 1840; it had a sandbox and water tub "for wetting the rails to improve adhesion". In a trial on the uncompleted Lickey incline, it performed better than a Bury locomotive, taking 24 tons up at 15 mph (25 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However Rake comments that, "The American locomotives were, however, afterwards superseded, as it was found that an ordinary tank engine, assisted by a pilot, worked the traffic in a perfectly satisfactory manner." Moreover, the fireboxes and boiler tubes were iron, and soon had to be replaced with brass fittings.<sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On opening there were four <a href="/wiki/Forrester_single_(locomotive)" title="Forrester single (locomotive)">locomotives built by Forrester</a>; they were named <i>Cheltenham</i>, <i>Worcester</i>, <i>Bromsgrove</i> and <i>Tewkesbury</i>. They had 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) driving wheels. There were four of the American 4-2-0 locomotives, which had 4 ft (1,219 mm) driving wheels. The four non-driven wheels were mounted on a bogie. They were named <i>Philadelphia</i>, <i>England</i>, <i>Columbia</i>, and <i>Atlantic</i>. In addition there were four ballast engines.<sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_business_performance">Early business performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early business performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tewkesbury_old_rail_station_1714520_742bca53.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tewkesbury_old_rail_station_1714520_742bca53.jpg/220px-Tewkesbury_old_rail_station_1714520_742bca53.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tewkesbury_old_rail_station_1714520_742bca53.jpg/330px-Tewkesbury_old_rail_station_1714520_742bca53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tewkesbury_old_rail_station_1714520_742bca53.jpg/440px-Tewkesbury_old_rail_station_1714520_742bca53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Site of the 1840 Tewkesbury station</figcaption></figure><p>Night mail trains started running from 6 February 1841, by contract to the Postmaster General.<sup id="cite_ref-rake1_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1842 the strained UK economy witnessed a massive fall in passenger carryings which continued in 1843. This cut or delayed B&GR outlay due to investor confidence. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Bristol and Gloucester Railway">Bristol and Gloucester Railway</a> opened on 8 July 1844. The fact of a through rail route between Birmingham and Bristol, albeit for the time being with a break of gauge at Gloucester, heralded the decades of busy goods traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bristol and Gloucester Railway and the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway obviously had a mutual interest, and discussions took place over the amalgamation of the two companies. This was "agreed" on 14 January 1845 but Parliament made way for other Bills to be scheduled (it failed Standing Orders). The two worked in informal collaboration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tewkesbury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tewkesbury_Quay_branch_geograph-3004256-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tewkesbury_Quay_branch_geograph-3004256-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/220px-Tewkesbury_Quay_branch_geograph-3004256-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tewkesbury_Quay_branch_geograph-3004256-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/330px-Tewkesbury_Quay_branch_geograph-3004256-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tewkesbury_Quay_branch_geograph-3004256-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/440px-Tewkesbury_Quay_branch_geograph-3004256-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2266" data-file-height="1447" /></a><figcaption>Tewkesbury Quay branch in 1951</figcaption></figure><p>A contemporary description of the station mentions that "the front elevation is 38 feet wide, and at the back is a raised platform 133 feet by 12 feet 6 inches covered by a substantial roof with glass lights on each side. The roof measures 166 feet long by 32 feet wide".<sup id="cite_ref-barnes_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway">Bristol and Gloucester Railway</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bristol and Gloucester Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bristol_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Bristol and Gloucester Railway">Bristol and Gloucester Railway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Down_stopping_train_near_Abbots_Wood_Junction_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2124204.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Down_stopping_train_near_Abbots_Wood_Junction_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2124204.jpg/220px-Down_stopping_train_near_Abbots_Wood_Junction_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2124204.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Down_stopping_train_near_Abbots_Wood_Junction_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2124204.jpg/330px-Down_stopping_train_near_Abbots_Wood_Junction_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2124204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Down_stopping_train_near_Abbots_Wood_Junction_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2124204.jpg/440px-Down_stopping_train_near_Abbots_Wood_Junction_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2124204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>Down stopping train a short distance south of Abbotswood Junction in 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1839 the Bristol and Gloucester Railway had been authorised. It was conceived as a narrow (<a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard</a>) gauge railway between a terminal in Bristol and Standish Junction, where it would make use of the <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_and_Great_Western_Union_Railway" title="Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway">Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway</a> into Gloucester. The company noted as it would operate between the GWR at Bristol and at Standish (both crossing/ending on the <a href="/wiki/Brunel_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel gauge">broad gauge</a>) it should make its line on the broad gauge, and this enabled it to use the GWR Temple Meads station at Bristol, and simplified the section between Standish and Gloucester, which otherwise would have needed to be built allowing <a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">mixed (dual) gauge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-macdermot-1-1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macdermot-1-1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bristol_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bristol-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bristol and Gloucester Railway opened for passenger traffic on 6 July 1844; it used a platform, intended for the C&GWUR, on the north side of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway station there; the two lines crossed on the immediate approach to the stations.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-glos_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-glos-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Absorption_by_the_Midland_Railway">Absorption by the Midland Railway</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Absorption by the Midland Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_Hill_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Camp_Hill_Station.jpg/220px-Camp_Hill_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Camp_Hill_Station.jpg/330px-Camp_Hill_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Camp_Hill_Station.jpg/440px-Camp_Hill_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Camp Hill station</figcaption></figure><p>On 24 January 1845 the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> offered to buy the two companies; this would have resulted in the broad gauge being extended to Birmingham; and was declined. <a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_(businessman)" title="John Ellis (businessman)">John Ellis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway" title="Midland Railway">Midland Railway</a> encountered Edward Sturge and Joseph Gibbons while they were travelling to a second meeting with the GWR on 26 January. Ellis saw the opportunity and offered that his company would purchase the Gloucester companies, and offered to raise and spend 6% on their (own) capital of £1.8 million if discussions with the GWR were inconclusive. The GWR declined to increase their offer, and the Gloucester companies turned back to Ellis.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company granted the Midland's solicitor <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Carter_(Coventry_MP)" title="Samuel Carter (Coventry MP)">Samual Carter</a> a perpetual lease giving the right to purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The matter was ratified in Parliament in the 1846 session, and on 3 August 1846 the amalgamation Bill was passed.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">London and North Western Railway</a> was as anxious to keep the broad gauge away from Birmingham as was the Midland Railway, and it undertook to share any loss the MR might make by the acquisition; this was later commuted into permission to use the LNWR <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">New Street station</a> (built later) in Birmingham for a nominal rental of £100 per annum. </p><p>The corporate buyout, dragged out the break of gauge at Gloucester. The disruption caused by the process of transferring goods from narrow (standard) gauge wagons to broad gauge influenced the Gauge Commission, who at the time were deliberating on recommendations to Parliament about the standardisation of the gauge in Great Britain. Of more immediate concern, the Midland Railway obtained authorisation by Act of 14 August 1848 to lay an independent narrow gauge track between Gloucester and Standish Junction (where the Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway diverged), and to mix the gauge between Standish and Bristol. They ran their first narrow gauge train throughout on 29 May 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further Norris locomotives were purchased, but they were crudely constructed and early replacement of fireboxes proved to be necessary. From February 1842 several were progressively converted to tank engines.<sup id="cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worcester">Worcester</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Worcester"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Birmingham and Gloucester Railway had, from the outset, implied a willingness to serve Worcester to respond to an outcry from the city over being bypassed. MPs and Peers objected to such a branch who had interests in or lobbying from its canals, the stagecoach sector and rival railways so that the early authorising Acts left such plans out. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Worcester_and_Wolverhampton_Railway" title="Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway">Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway</a> had been authorised on 4 August 1845; it was to be a broad gauge line, allied to the Great Western Railway. A national financial recession resulted in waylaid construction. Meanwhile, the Midland Railway was anxious to reach Worcester, and the two companies reached an agreement to lay narrow (standard) gauge track between a junction at Abbots Wood (Abbotswood) (on the B&GR main line) and Shrub Hill, a station for Worcester. The Midland Railway started operating a train service on 5 October 1850. There were five daily trains to Bristol and six to Birmingham; the Birmingham trains reversed at Abbots Wood Junction.<sup id="cite_ref-Boynton_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boynton-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-christiansen13_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rake2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rake2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gough reports: </p> <blockquote><p>The Midland worked the service on the short section between Abbot's Wood Jcn and Worcester from its commencement. When the loop to Stoke Works Jcn was completed the company began to divide its passenger trains and run one section direct and one via Worcester. The trains separated and rejoined at the two junctions. By 1855 the service on the original line consisted of two trains in each direction between Bromsgrove and Abbot's Wood, making connections with trains running via the loop. From 1 October 1855 these services were withdrawn, and all regular passenger trains ran via Worcester. Goods trains and excursion traffic continued to run via Dunhampstead [the original main line]. The Dunhampstead line was re-opened for regular traffic on 1 June 1880 to allow some through trains to by-pass Worcester, but the intermediate stations were not re-opened for passenger traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Direct_Line_at_Landor_Street_Junction">The Direct Line at Landor Street Junction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Direct Line at Landor Street Junction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Midland Railway had been formed by the amalgamation of the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_and_Derby_Junction_Railway" title="Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway">Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway</a> with others. Both the B&DJR and the B&GR line turned westward to Curzon Street station and Landor Street, and in 1862 the Midland Railway obtained powers to construct a direct line between the two networks. </p><p>This was opened in the first half of 1864. From that time express passenger trains were run between Derby and Bristol over the direct line. Portions for Birmingham New Street station, by now opened as the main central station for the Midland Railway, were detached or attached at Saltley and Camp Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birmingham_West_Suburban_Railway">Birmingham West Suburban Railway</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Birmingham West Suburban Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_West_Suburban_Railway" title="Birmingham West Suburban Railway">Birmingham West Suburban Railway</a></div> <p>On 3 April 1876 the Birmingham West Suburban Railway was opened, as a single line from the Midland Railway at Lifford to Granville Street canal wharf, near the centre of Birmingham. It was worked by the Midland Railway, who later acquired it. The line was intended as a suburban passenger line. A connection was made at Lifford to Kings Norton on the Birmingham and Gloucester main line, and the passenger trains from <a href="/wiki/Granville_Street_railway_station" title="Granville Street railway station">Granville Street</a> ran to that place. </p><p>In 1881 an Act authorised an extension north-eastwards, so as to connect to New Street station in Birmingham. This was opened in 1885 and from that time express passenger trains between Bristol and Birmingham used the West Suburban line. This had the added advantage of entering New Street station from the west, enabling forward running on to the Midland Railway's Derby line without reversal.<sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the stretch between <a href="/wiki/Kings_Norton_railway_station" title="Kings Norton railway station">Kings Norton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">New Street</a> effectively became a branch line, becoming known as the <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_line" title="Camp Hill line">Camp Hill line</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lifford_Curve">Lifford Curve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lifford Curve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1892 a curve was installed at Lifford forming the third side of a triangle there, and enabling circular suburban passenger train operation.<sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lickey_bank_engines">Lickey bank engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lickey bank engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lickey_Bank_geograph-2611010-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lickey_Bank_geograph-2611010-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/220px-Lickey_Bank_geograph-2611010-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lickey_Bank_geograph-2611010-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/330px-Lickey_Bank_geograph-2611010-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lickey_Bank_geograph-2611010-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/440px-Lickey_Bank_geograph-2611010-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>A train ascending the Lickey Incline, assisted in rear by a banking engine</figcaption></figure><p>Banking on the Lickey incline remained an operational inconvenience throughout the years of steam traction. In 1920 a <a href="/wiki/MR_0-10-0_Lickey_Banker" title="MR 0-10-0 Lickey Banker">four cylinder 0-10-0 locomotive</a> was built specially of the purpose; no 2290, it was known informally as Big Bertha, in association with the German <a href="/wiki/Big_Bertha_(howitzer)" title="Big Bertha (howitzer)">heavy howitzer</a> used during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. An electric headlight was provided on the engine to assist in closing up to the rear of a goods train in the hours of darkness </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lickey_Incline_LNER_Garratt_geograph-2382133-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lickey_Incline_LNER_Garratt_geograph-2382133-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/220px-Lickey_Incline_LNER_Garratt_geograph-2382133-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lickey_Incline_LNER_Garratt_geograph-2382133-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/330px-Lickey_Incline_LNER_Garratt_geograph-2382133-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lickey_Incline_LNER_Garratt_geograph-2382133-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/440px-Lickey_Incline_LNER_Garratt_geograph-2382133-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2393" data-file-height="1173" /></a><figcaption>The LNER Garratt locomotive</figcaption></figure><p>Later, while no. 2290 was being overhauled, an LMS 2-6-0+0-6-2 <a href="/wiki/LMS_Garratt" title="LMS Garratt">Garratt</a> design of engine, no 4998, was used and later an LNER 2-8-0+0-8-2 <a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_U1" title="LNER Class U1">Garratt, class U1</a>, no 69999 was used in 1949. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intermediate_stations_near_Birmingham">Intermediate stations near Birmingham</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Intermediate stations near Birmingham"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> intermediate stations between Kings Norton and Birmingham on the original Birmingham and Gloucester alignment were closed as an economy measure, in 1941. After the end of the war, there appeared to be little public pressure to reopen them, and they remained closed.<sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="From_1923">From 1923</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: From 1923"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A the start of 1923 most of the railways of Great Britain were restructured into four large concerns, a change mandated by the <a href="/wiki/Railways_Act_1921" title="Railways Act 1921">Railways Act 1921</a>. The Midland Railway as a constituent of the new <a href="/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" title="London, Midland and Scottish Railway">London, Midland and Scottish Railway</a>, (LMS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nationalisation">Nationalisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Nationalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lickey_Bank_geograph-2610874-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lickey_Bank_geograph-2610874-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/220px-Lickey_Bank_geograph-2610874-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lickey_Bank_geograph-2610874-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/330px-Lickey_Bank_geograph-2610874-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lickey_Bank_geograph-2610874-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/440px-Lickey_Bank_geograph-2610874-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption>Four bank engines pushing a heavy freight train up the Lickey Incline</figcaption></figure><p>In 1948 the railways were taken into national ownership under <a href="/wiki/British_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="British Railways">British Railways</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concentration_from_alternative_routes">Concentration from alternative routes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Concentration from alternative routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noresize thumb tright" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:252px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:282px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:-320px; top:-1150px; width:1000px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beeching2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Extract from the more extreme Beeching cut proposals, partially executed; the Honeybourne Line to the right (northeast) of Gloucester shut."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Beeching2.svg/1000px-Beeching2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1646" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Beeching2.svg/1500px-Beeching2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Beeching2.svg/2000px-Beeching2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Beeching2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Beeching2.svg/1000px-Beeching2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1646" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Beeching2.svg/1500px-Beeching2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Beeching2.svg/2000px-Beeching2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Beeching2.svg" title="File:Beeching2.svg"> </a></div>Extract from the more extreme Beeching cut proposals, partially executed; the Honeybourne Line to the right (northeast) of Gloucester shut.</div> </div></div> <p>Still in the early 1960s three routes vied as those for freight between two groups of areas: a) South West England and South Wales and b) England's West Midlands and North West: the above described main line, the "Lickey route", the <i>via Honeybourne and Stratford</i> and (in the case of South Wales only) the <i>via Hereford and Worcester, or Shrewsbury</i>. The backbone, Lickey route, carried the heaviest traffic by a moderate margin. The second line overlapped on the use of an east-of-Gloucester stretch of track <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_to_Newport_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloucester to Newport Line">for the onward link to South Wales</a>; the third was principally Welsh-related and would be circuitous and involve the Great Western's Severn Tunnel for the South West of England. Concentration and rationalisation were sought at the time. Diesel traction had rendered the Lickey incline a negligible problem so it was declared the general freight route from Spring 1965; heavy through freight shifted away from the Honeybourne route.<sup id="cite_ref-christiansen7_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_present_day">The present day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bredon_railway_station_1892216_93cd0d95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bredon_railway_station_1892216_93cd0d95.jpg/220px-Bredon_railway_station_1892216_93cd0d95.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bredon_railway_station_1892216_93cd0d95.jpg/330px-Bredon_railway_station_1892216_93cd0d95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bredon_railway_station_1892216_93cd0d95.jpg/440px-Bredon_railway_station_1892216_93cd0d95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>View southward of <a href="/wiki/Bredon_railway_station" title="Bredon railway station">Bredon railway station</a> towards Cheltenham in 1960.</figcaption></figure> <p>The line is an important part of the British railway network, forming a section of the Bristol to Birmingham main line. </p><p>Frequent long-distance passenger services operate by <a href="/wiki/CrossCountry" title="CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Arriva_UK_Trains" title="Arriva UK Trains">Arriva UK Trains</a>. The line is also an important freight route. <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Trains" title="West Midlands Trains">West Midlands Trains</a> operate the local passenger service from <a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a> to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham New Street">Birmingham New Street</a>, which uses the line only closer to the latter (Stoke Works Junction to Kings Norton). </p><p>A brief corollary known as former Birmingham West Suburban Railway is used by the majority of Birmingham New Street passenger trains; a few through trains use the original Camp Hill route for convenience in approaching or leaving that hub station at the east end rather than the west. </p><p>Most of the freight traffic uses the <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_line" title="Camp Hill line">Camp Hill route</a>, which gives quick connectivity to the national network at Saltley. </p><p>The Tewkesbury branch closed in 1961 to passengers and completely in 1964. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents_and_incidents">Accidents and incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Accidents and incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 November 1840, the boiler of locomotive <i><a href="/wiki/Surprise_(locomotive)" title="Surprise (locomotive)">Surprise</a></i> exploded at <a href="/wiki/Bromsgrove" title="Bromsgrove">Bromsgrove</a>. Two people were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-hewison_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hewison-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 June 1845, a passenger train from Gloucester, hauled by one of the Philadelphian engines, ran head-on into a slow-moving "heavy, powerful" goods engine which was crossing the line from a siding, via a <a href="/wiki/Diamond_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond crossing">diamond crossing</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill_railway_station" title="Camp Hill railway station">Camp Hill</a>, Birmingham. The driver of the Gloucester train was badly hurt after jumping from his engine. Some passengers suffered minor injuries, mostly from flying glass. Both engines suffered only minor damage. The driver of the goods engine, John Garvie, was deemed at fault, but was discharged by magistrates on the grounds of previous good character. For the same reason the company demoted him to non-driving duties, rather than dismissing him.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topography">Topography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gloucester; opened 4 November 1840; closed 12 April 1896;</li> <li>Churchdown; opened August 1842; closed September 1842; reopened 2 February 1874; closed 2 November 1964;</li> <li>Badgeworth; opened 22 August 1843; closed October 1846;</li> <li><i>Hatherley Junction</i>; divergence of curve to Banbury line (1906–1956);</li> <li><i>Lansdown Junction</i>; convergence of Banbury and Cheltenham Direct line (1881–1962); divergence of GWR line to St James station (1847 – 1966);</li> <li><b>Cheltenham</b>; opened 24 June 1840; sometimes known as Cheltenham Spa Lansdown; still open;</li> <li>Cheltenham High Street; opened 1 September 1862; closed 1 July 1910</li> <li>Swindon (Gloucestershire); opened 26 May 1842; closed 1 October 1844;</li> <li>Cleeve; opened 14 February 1843; closed 20 February 1950;</li> <li><b>Ashchurch</b>; opened 24 June 1840; closed 15 November 1971; reopened 2 June 1997; still open; divergence of Tewkesbury branch (1840 – 1964); divergence of line to Evesham (1864–1963);</li> <li><i>Ashchurch flat crossing</i> (1864–1957);</li> <li>Bredon; opened 24 June 1840; closed 4 January 1965;</li> <li>Eckington; opened 24 June 1840; closed 4 January 1965;</li> <li>Defford; opened 24 June 1840; closed 4 January 1965;</li> <li>Besford; opened November 1841; closed after August 1846;</li> <li>Pirton or Kempsey; opened November 1841; closed November 1844;</li> <li>Wadborough; opened November 1841; closed 4 January 1965;</li> <li>Worcester Junction; opened November 1850; renamed Abbot's Wood Junction March 1852; closed 1 October 1855;</li> <li><i>Abbotswood Junction; divergence of spur towards Worcester (1850 -);</i></li> <li>Norton; opened November 1841; closed August 1846;</li> <li>Spetchley; opened 24 June 1840; closed 1 October 1855;</li> <li>Bredicot; opened November 1845; closed 1 October 1855;</li> <li>Oddingley; opened September 1845; closed 1 October 1855;</li> <li>Dunhampstead; opened November 1841; closed 1 October 1855;</li> <li>Droitwich; opened 24 June 1840; renamed Droitwich Road 1852; closed 1 October 1855;</li> <li>Dodderhill; opened November 1841; closed 5 March 1844;</li> <li>Stoke; opened about September 1840; soon renamed Stoke Works; closed 1 October 1855;</li> <li><i>Stoke Works Junction</i>; convergence of line from Droitwich Spa (1852 -);</li> <li><b>Bromsgrove</b>; opened 24 June 1840; still open;</li> <li><i>Lickey Incline</i>;</li> <li>Blackwell; opened 5 June 1841; closed 18 April 1966;</li> <li><b>Barnt Green</b>; opened 1 May 1844; still open; convergence of Redditch branch (1859–);</li> <li>Croft Farm; opened 17 September 1840; closed 17 December 1840;</li> <li>Cofton; opened 17 October 1840 as temporary northern terminus; closed 17 December 1840; reopened November 1841; closed December 1843</li> <li><b>Longbridge</b>; opened November 1841; close 1 May 1849; reopened 1918; closed by 1927; reopened 8 May 1978; still open; convergence of Halesowen Railway (1883 – 1964);</li> <li><b>Northfield</b>; opened 1 September 1870; still open;</li> <li><b>King's Norton</b>; opened 1 May 1849; still open; divergence of West Suburban Line (1885 -); divergence of dive under to West Suburban Line (1876 – 1967);</li> <li><i>Lifford East Junction</i>; convergence of Lifford curve;</li> <li>Lifford; opened ?; closed November 1844; reopened 28 September 1885; closed 30 September 1940;</li> <li>Hazelwell; opened 1 January 1903; closed 27 January 1941;</li> <li>Moseley; opened November 1841; renamed King's Heath 1 November 1867; closed 27 January 1941;</li> <li>Moseley; opened 1 November 1867; closed 27 January 1941;</li> <li>Brighton Road; opened 1 November 1875; closed 27 January 1941;</li> <li>Camp Hill; opened by December 1844; renamed Camp Hill and Balsall Heath December 1867; renamed Camp Hill 1 April 1904; closed 27 January 1941; divergence of connecting line to London and Birmingham Railway (1841 -);</li> <li>Camp Hill; opened 17 December 1840; closed 17 August 1841; closed to goods traffic 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-quick_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quick-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cobb_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cobb-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connecting_line_to_London_and_Birmingham_Railway">Connecting line to London and Birmingham Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Connecting line to London and Birmingham Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Camp Hill (second station); above;</li> <li><i>Bordesley Junction</i>; convergence of joint line from GWR (1861–);</li> <li><i>St Andrews Junction</i>; divergence of connecting line to Birmingham and Derby Junction line, (1866–);</li> <li><i>Gloucester Junction</i> with London and Birmingham Railway.<sup id="cite_ref-quick_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quick-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cobb_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cobb-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connecting_line_to_Birmingham_and_Derby_Junction_Railway">Connecting line to Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Connecting line to Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>St Andrews Junction</i>; above;</li> <li><i>Landor Street Junction</i>; convergence with Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway.<sup id="cite_ref-quick_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quick-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cobb_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cobb-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tewkesbury_branch">Tewkesbury branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tewkesbury branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ashchurch (above);</li> <li><i>Tewkesbury Junction</i>; convergence of line from |Evesham (1864 to 1957);</li> <li><i>(Junction</i>; divergence of Tewkesbury and Malvern Railway (1864 to 1963);</li> <li>Tewkesbury; opened 21 July 1840; closed and transferred to Malvern line 16 May 1864;</li> <li><i>Tewkesbury Quay</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-quick_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quick-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gough_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gough-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cobb_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cobb-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._Hick_and_Sons" title="B. Hick and Sons">B. Hick and Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McConnell_(engineer)" title="James McConnell (engineer)">James McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasmyth,_Gaskell_and_Company" title="Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company">Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In its authorising Act of Parliament the company was referred to as the Gloucester and Cheltenham Railway.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a href="#CITEREFRake1904">Rake (1904)</a>, p. 146; Christiansen does not mention the date in either of the <i>Regional History</i> books (volume 7 and volume 13); Maggs gives 5 May in <i>The Birmingham Gloucester Line</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen remarks that "The historian John Norris believes it is likely the branch was completed much earlier, being used to convey materials for construction of the main line, delivered to Tewkesbury by river craft.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He is supposed to have seen a Norris locomotive climbing a 1 in 14 gradient, but later research suggests he merely saw a circular making that claim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is remarkable that in a situation where tractive force was crucial, and dependent on adhesion weight, that a 4-2-0 design was favoured over an 0-6-0.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> ... P.C. Dewhurst investigated the Norris claims of "hill-climbing" feats and found the substantially true, the draw bar to the tender tending to transfer some weight under load to the rear wheels, and also suggesting the boiler pressure was run at nearer 90psi compared to the advertised 55psi to get the performance. The B&GR bankers attached to the front of the train as a pilot which leveraged the former hill climbing feature rather than pushing from the rear which would lose this advantage. Trials of the Class A extra <i>Philadelphia</i> against Bury's <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-4-0" title="0-4-0">0-4-0</a></span> No. 65 resulted total failure for the latter; Awdry suggesting sustained steam raising may have been the issue there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987157–158,_207,_209–212_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987157–158,_207,_209–212-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources differ about the number and the timing of the orders. At the February 1839 shareholders' meeting it was stated that ten locomotives had been ordered from Norris of Philadelphia. Captain Moorsom explained that one such machine was to be tried upon the Lickey Inclined Plane by way of experiment, and at the manufacturer's own risk and expense. Subject to these conditions, a provisional order would possibly be placed with Norris for ten or a dozen machines.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongAwdry1987">Long & Awdry 1987</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maggs-bham-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bham_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaggs1986" class="citation book cs1">Maggs, Colin (1986). <i>The Birmingham Gloucester Line</i>. Cheltenham: Line One Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907036-10-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-907036-10-4"><bdi>0-907036-10-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birmingham+Gloucester+Line&rft.place=Cheltenham&rft.pub=Line+One+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-907036-10-4&rft.aulast=Maggs&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rake1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rake1_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRake1904" class="citation magazine cs1">Rake, Herbert (February 1904). "The South-western Extension of the Midland Railway: the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway: part 1". <i>The Railway Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Railway+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+South-western+Extension+of+the+Midland+Railway%3A+the+Birmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway%3A+part+1&rft.date=1904-02&rft.aulast=Rake&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barnes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1966" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, E. G. (1966). "Chapter 5". <i>The Rise of the Midland Railway, 1844-1874</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Midland+Railway%2C+1844-1874&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin+Ltd&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=E.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-christiansen7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen7_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiansen1973" class="citation book cs1">Christiansen, Rex (1973). <i>A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume 7: the West Midlands</i>. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0_7153_6093_0" title="Special:BookSources/0 7153 6093 0"><bdi>0 7153 6093 0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Regional+History+of+the+Railways+of+Great+Britain%3A+volume+7%3A+the+West+Midlands&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0715360930&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Rex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maggs-c&gwur-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maggs-c&gwur_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggs1991" class="citation book cs1">Maggs, Colin G. (1991). <i>The Swindon to Gloucester Line</i>. Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing Limited. pp. 6–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0_7509_0000_8" title="Special:BookSources/0 7509 0000 8"><bdi>0 7509 0000 8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Swindon+to+Gloucester+Line&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=6-31&rft.pub=Alan+Sutton+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0750900008&rft.aulast=Maggs&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bick-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bick_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBick1987" class="citation book cs1">Bick, David (1987). <i>The Gloucester & Cheltenham Tramroad and the Leckhampton Quarry Lines</i> (second ed.). Usk: Oakwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0_85361_336_2" title="Special:BookSources/0 85361 336 2"><bdi>0 85361 336 2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gloucester+%26+Cheltenham+Tramroad+and+the+Leckhampton+Quarry+Lines&rft.place=Usk&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Oakwood+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0853613362&rft.aulast=Bick&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gough-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gough_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Gough, <i>The Midland Railway: A Chronology</i>, self-published, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B9511310%2B0%2B1" title="Special:BookSources/0+9511310+0+1">0 9511310 0 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-christiansen13-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen13_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-christiansen13_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rex Christiansen, <i>A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume 13: Thames and Severn</i>, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1981, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B7153%2B8004%2B4" title="Special:BookSources/0+7153+8004+4">0 7153 8004 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongAwdry1987">Long & Awdry (1987)</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131–132-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987131–132_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongAwdry1987">Long & Awdry (1987)</a>, pp. 131–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987157–158,_207,_209–212-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987157–158,_207,_209–212_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongAwdry1987">Long & Awdry (1987)</a>, pp. 157–158, 207, 209–212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987158–161-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongAwdry1987158–161_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongAwdry1987">Long & Awdry (1987)</a>, pp. 158–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macdermot-1-1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macdermot-1-1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDermot1927" class="citation book cs1">MacDermot, E. T. (1927). <i>History of the Great Western Railway: volume I: 1833 - 1863, part 1</i>. London: The Great Western Railway.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Great+Western+Railway%3A+volume+I%3A+1833+-+1863%2C+part+1&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Great+Western+Railway&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=MacDermot&rft.aufirst=E.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maggs-bristol-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maggs-bristol_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggs1992" class="citation book cs1">Maggs, Colin G. (1992). <i>The Bristol and Gloucester Railway and the Avon and Gloucestershire Railway</i> (second ed.). Witney: The Oakwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85361-435-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85361-435-0"><bdi>0-85361-435-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bristol+and+Gloucester+Railway+and+the+Avon+and+Gloucestershire+Railway&rft.place=Witney&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=The+Oakwood+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-85361-435-0&rft.aulast=Maggs&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maggs-glos-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maggs-glos_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggs2010" class="citation book cs1">Maggs, Colin G. (2010). <i>Gloucestershire Railways</i>. Wellington: Halsgrove. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978_1_84114_913_4" title="Special:BookSources/978 1 84114 913 4"><bdi>978 1 84114 913 4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gloucestershire+Railways&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Halsgrove&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781841149134&rft.aulast=Maggs&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonalds2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ronalds, BF (Spring 2018). "Samuel Carter (1805-78): Early Railway Solicitor". <i>Midland Railway Society Journal</i>. <b>67</b>: 11–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midland+Railway+Society+Journal&rft.atitle=Samuel+Carter+%281805-78%29%3A+Early+Railway+Solicitor&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=11-13&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Ronalds&rft.aufirst=BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boynton-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boynton_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Boynton, <i>The Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway</i>, Mid England Books, Kidderminster, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B954%2B0839%2B0%2B3" title="Special:BookSources/0+954+0839+0+3">0 954 0839 0 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rake2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rake2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert Rake, <i>The Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway</i>, (part 2) in the Railway Magazine, February 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hewison-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hewison_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian H Hewison, <i>Locomotive Boiler Explosions</i>, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1983, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B7153%2B8305%2B1" title="Special:BookSources/0+7153+8305+1">0 7153 8305 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaj.-Gen._C._W._Pasley1845" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pasley" title="Charles Pasley">Maj.-Gen. C. W. Pasley</a> (1 July 1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_Camphill1845.pdf"><i>Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Camp Hill on 26th June 1845</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade" title="Board of Trade">Board of Trade</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accident+Returns%3A+Extract+for+the+Accident+at+Camp+Hill+on+26th+June+1845&rft.pub=Board+of+Trade&rft.date=1845-07-01&rft.au=Maj.-Gen.+C.+W.+Pasley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaysarchive.co.uk%2Fdocuments%2FBoT_Camphill1845.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quick-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quick_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quick_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quick_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quick_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M E Quick, <i>Railway Passenger Stations in England Scotland and Wales—A Chronology</i>, The Railway and Canal Historical Society, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cobb-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cobb_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cobb_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cobb_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cobb_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Col M H Cobb, <i>The Railways of Great Britain -- A Historical Atlas</i>, Ian Allan Publishing Limited, Shepperton, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/07110%2B3003%2B0" title="Special:BookSources/07110+3003+0">07110 3003 0</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongAwdry1987" class="citation book cs1">Long, P. J.; <a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Awdry" title="Wilbert Awdry">Awdry, W. V.</a> (1987). <i>The Birmingham and Gloucester Railway</i>. Gloucester: Alan Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0862993296" title="Special:BookSources/0862993296"><bdi>0862993296</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18588406">18588406</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2468738M">2468738M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway&rft.place=Gloucester&rft.pub=Alan+Sutton&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18588406&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL2468738M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0862993296&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rft.au=Awdry%2C+W.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Bradshaw's Monthly Railway and Steam Navigation Guide (XVI)/Birmingham and Gloucester"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bradshaw%27s_Monthly_Railway_and_Steam_Navigation_Guide_(XVI)/Birmingham_and_Gloucester"><i>March 1843 Timetable</i> </a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bradshaw%27s_Guide" title="Bradshaw's Guide">Bradshaw's Guides</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=March+1843+Timetable&rft.pub=Bradshaw%27s+Guides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+and+Gloucester+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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