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function L(){if(-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("set_ccpa_out=1")){var a=new Date;a.setTime(a.getTime()+31536E6);a="; expires="+a.toGMTString();document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+a+"; path=/";return!0}return 0<=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=")?!0:!1}function ya(a){h("insertAmazonShopping");(window.apscustom=window.apscustom||[]).push({id:"93b7dd52-a8ce-11ed-afa1-0242ac120002:1"})}function ib(a){if("en"==window.WH.pageLang){var c=a.adElement.dataset.aditudetarget;WH.shared.isSmallSize&&a.adElement.dataset.aditudetargetsmall&&(c=a.adElement.dataset.aditudetargetsmall);WH.shared.isTest("rightrailDoubleAds")&&"rightrail"==a.type&&"pb-slot-engl-rght-2"==c&&(c="pb-slot-engl-rght-2-small");WH.shared.isTest("rightrailDoubleAds")&&WH.shared.isTest("aditudeDoubleRRQuiz")&&"rightrail"==a.type&&"pb-slot-engl-quizr"==c&&(c="pb-slot-engl-rght-2-small");return c}c=null;"intro"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-intro");"rightrail"==a.type&&(c="pb-slot-rght-2","quiz"==window.whadconfig.gamconfig.pagetype&&(c= 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this.adElement=c;this.adTargetId=a.id;var f=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-small"),r=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-medium"),e=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-large");this.okForSize=!1;if(f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize||r&&WH.shared.isMedSize||e&&WH.shared.isLargeSize)this.okForSize=!0;/iphone|ipod|ipad/.test(x);var d=/edg/.test(x);/safari/.test(x);/chrome/.test(x);/crios/.test(x);-1!=window.location.href.indexOf("firearc=1")&&(d=!0);this.type=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-type");var g=nb(this.element.id,this.type);d&&"intro"==this.type&&(g=mb());this.width=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-width");this.service=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-service");d=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-service_eu");(C||F)&&d&&(this.service=d);this.apsload=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-apsload");this.pbload=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-prebidload");this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-size");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.sizesArray=this.adElement. getAttribute("data-smallsize")||this.sizesArray);r&&WH.shared.isMedSize&&(this.sizesArray=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumsize")||this.sizesArray);'["fluid"]'==this.sizesArray&&(this.pbload=this.apsload=!1);this.sizesArray&&(this.sizesArray=JSON.parse(this.sizesArray));this.disabled=this.isRefreshLoad=!1;if(this.okForSize){this.adElement.classList.add("wh_ad_active");this.fullwidthadsense=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-fullwidthadsense");this.questionsPage=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-questionspage");this.listPage=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-listpage");this.gptLateLoad=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-lateload");this.apsDisplayBidsCalled=!1;var k=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-adunitpath");WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(k=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smalladunitpath")||k);WH.shared.isMedSize&&(k=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumadunitpath")||k);this.rightrailmore=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-rightrailmore");d=!1;this.pbload&&(this. pbAdUnitsData=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-pbadunits"),WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.pbAdUnitsData=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-pbadunitssmall")||this.pbAdUnitsData),this.pbAdUnitsData&&(d=k,"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_rght2"==k&&(d=this.adTargetId),"/10095428/intl/intl_gam_lgm_rght2"==k&&(d=this.adTargetId),WH.shared.isTest("webvitalsINP")&&"/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0"==k&&(d=this.adTargetId),ob(d,this.pbAdUnitsData,this.sizesArray,k),d=!0));if(this.pbload&&!d){var l=!1,n=this.type,m=[],t=this.rightrailmore;T.forEach(function(c){c.code==k&&(l=!0,1==t&&"rightrail"==n&&(c=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(c)),c.code=a.id,m.push(c)))});0<m.length&&(h("adding rr ad units copied from main rr config"),p(m));0==l&&(this.pbload=!1,h("ad set up for prebid but not found in bids list. will set prebid to false for",k))}this.pbTargetingAdded=!1;this.insertSlotValue=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-insertslotvalue");this.pagetype=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-pagetype");"true"==window .isCoppa&&(this.pbload=!1);this.nonPersonalized=!1;C&&(this.pbload=!1,this.nonPersonalized=!0);1==(B?!0:!1)&&(this.pbload=!0,this.nonPersonalized=!1);1==window.fcdomain&&(this.nonPersonalized=!1);this.nonPersonalized&&pb();this.slot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-slot");this.adsenseBackfillSlot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-backfillslot");this.adunitpath=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-adunitpath");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.adunitpath=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smalladunitpath")||this.adunitpath);r&&WH.shared.isMedSize&&(this.adunitpath=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-mediumadunitpath")||this.adunitpath);this.channels=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-channels");this.refreshable=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-refreshable");this.actionrefresh=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-actionrefresh");this.slotName=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-slot-name");this.refreshType=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-refresh-type");this.last_pb_request_time=0;this. dfpdisplaylate=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-gptdisplaylate");"rightrail"==this.type&&(this.position="initial",this.refreshCount=1);this.viewablerefresh=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-viewablerefresh");this.height=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-height");this.containerless=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-containerless");this.lastRRAd=1==this.adElement.getAttribute("data-lastrrad");f&&WH.shared.isSmallSize&&(this.adSize="small",this.smallchannels=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallchannels"),this.channels=this.channels?this.channels+","+this.smallchannels:this.smallchannels,this.slot=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallslot")||this.slot,this.height=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallheight")||this.height,f=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallheight_eu"),(C||F)&&f&&(this.height=f),this.width=lb(this.type),this.service=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallservice")||this.service,f=this.adElement.getAttribute("data-smallservice_eu"),(C||F)&&f&&(this. 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ads.init();</script><div id="content_inner"><script>if (typeof mw != 'undefined') { mw.mobileFrontend.emit( 'header-loaded' ); }</script><div class="pre-content"><ul id="breadcrumb" class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Category breadcrumbs"><li><a href="/Special:CategoryListing" title="Special:CategoryListing">Categories</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Education-and-Communications" title="Category:Education and Communications">Education and Communications</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Studying" title="Category:Studying">Studying</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Marks-and-Grades" title="Category:Marks and Grades">Marks and Grades</a></li></ul><h1 id="section_0" class="title_sm"><a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Curve-Grades">5 Common Ways Teachers Grade on a Curve, Explained</a></h1></div><div id="bodyContent" class="content"><script>window.WH=window.WH||{};window.WH.c=function(){function C(){var a=D().split("x")[0];return"undefined"!=typeof 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src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> <div class="subtitle">Learn how and why teachers may curve students’ grades</div> <div id="coauthor_byline" class="article_byline "> <div id="byline_info"> <b>Co-authored by</b> <a href="/Author/Bailey-Bujnosek-BA" class="coauthor_link">Bailey Bujnosek, BA</a> <span class="newline"> <b>Reviewed by</b> <a href="/Author/Joseph-Meyer" class="coauthor_link coauthor_checkstar">Joseph Meyer</a> </span> <p id="coauthor_byline_p"> <a href="#" class="byline_info_link hover_pop"> <span class="last_updated_highlighted">Last Updated: January 23, 2025</span> </a> <a href="#" class="eat_tag">Fact Checked</a> </p> </div> </div> <a class="small_pdf_link pdf_link disabled " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a><div id="inline_toc"> <div class="truncate_toc"> <div class="truncate_toc_inner"> <ul class="toc_ul"> <li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#What-is-grading-on-a-curve.3F">What is grade curving?</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#5-Common-Ways-to-Curve-Grades">Common Curving Methods</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#Benefits-of-Grading-on-a-Curve">Benefits</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#Drawbacks-of-Grading-on-a-Curve">Drawbacks</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#Other-Ways-to-Help-Improve-Grades">Alternatives</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#Video">Video</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#qa_headline">Q&A</a></li> <span class="toc_li_span separator">|</span><li class="toc_li method_toc_item"><a class="toc_li_a" href="#tips">Tips</a></li> </ul> <button id="inline_toc_showmore" class="inline_toc_button initial"><span class="inline_toc_button_span">|</span><span class="showmore toc_toggle_text">Show more</span></button> <button id="inline_toc_showless" class="inline_toc_button initial"><span class="inline_toc_button_span">|</span><span class="showless toc_toggle_text">Show less</span></button> </div> </div> </div> <script>function setupInlineToc(){WH.eventView('article_section_inline_horizontal_TOC_click_go_vt');var inline_toc=document.getElementById("inline_toc");var toc_ul_all=inline_toc.getElementsByClassName('toc_ul');var toc_ul=toc_ul_all[0];height=inline_toc.scrollHeight;if(height<=60){return;}var 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Joseph Meyer is a High School Math Teacher based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is an educator at City Charter High School, where he has been teaching for over 7 years. Joseph is also the founder of Sandbox Math, an online learning community dedicated to helping students succeed in Algebra. His site is set apart by its focus on fostering genuine comprehension through step-by-step understanding (instead of just getting the correct final answer), enabling learners to identify and overcome misunderstandings and confidently take on any test they face. He received his MA in Physics from Case Western Reserve University and his BA in Physics from Baldwin Wallace University. <br><br> There are <a href="#References">13 references</a> cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. <br><br> This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. <br><br> This article has been viewed 915,263 times. </p> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p>A grade curve is a relative grading procedure that assigns grades for assignments based on the performance of the class as a whole. There are many reasons a teacher or professor may decide to curve a grade—for instance, if the majority of students performed below what was expected, which may imply that an assignment or test was too difficult. Read on for a guide to common methods of curving grades, their pros and cons, and other ways to help students. </p></div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey" data-service="adsense" data-instantload="1" data-slot="7672188889" data-width="728" data-height="120" data-smallslot="8943394577" data-smallheight="120" data-innerclass="full-width" data-full-width-intro="true" data-type="intro" data-small="1" data-medium="1" data-large="1" data-channels="9848412230,2414719621" data-largechannels="7020581953,2060152247,5763098696" data-mediumchannels="8142447154,4066873649" data-smallchannels="1761065154,8156154280" data-smallservice_eu="dfp" data-smalladunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_intro" data-smallsize="[[300, 100],[320,100]]" data-smallheight_eu="100" data-mediumservice_eu="dfp" data-mediumadunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_intro" data-mediumsize="[[300, 100],[320,100]]" data-service_eu="dfp" data-size="[[728, 90],[728, 120]]" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_lgm_intro" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-intro" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[[728, 90],[728, 120]]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":20261433,"pubmatic":"3224244","ix":"579269","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1849302","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"542288967","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_lgm_intro_728x90_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a9694c7017474db0327dc33df760300","yieldmo":"2581129714336735279","grid":393573,"medianet":"207085545","rise":"engl_gam_lgm_intro","sharethrough":"QziDJYElLkw7LFscfNzZmTfF"}' data-pbadunitssmall='{"appnexus":"30608495","pubmatic":"5347070","ix":"1024075","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995658","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676946","triplelift":"WikiHow_en_gam_sma_intro","yieldmo":"3337803366053912987","grid":403845,"medianet":"586446450","rise":"engl_gam_sma_intro","sharethrough":"7dKaGJpJca7Pli6AwNqi6hnz"}' data-pbadunitsmedium='{"appnexus":"30608495","pubmatic":"5347070","ix":"1024075","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2995658","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"559676946","triplelift":"WikiHow_en_gam_sma_intro","yieldmo":"3337803366053912987","grid":403845,"medianet":"586446450","rise":"engl_gam_sma_intro","sharethrough":"7dKaGJpJca7Pli6AwNqi6hnz"}'><div id="intro_ad_1" class="full-width"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('intro_ad_1')</script><script>WH.performance.mark('intro_rendered');</script> </div> <div class="wh_ad_inner" data-service="dfp" data-type="scrollto" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_all_scrol" data-size="[728, 90]" data-prebidload="1" data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-maxsteps="6" data-maxnonsteps="3" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-large="1" data-medium="1" data-channels="2414719621" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-scrol" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-smallchannels="8156154280" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array="[728, 90]" data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":19512208,"pubmatic":"2946818","ix":"531046","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"1753134","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"541138162","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_all_728x90_Prebid","yahooAds":"8a96954f01747430358b365459b80331","yieldmo":"2508866731741487190","grid":168908,"medianet":"464704332","rise":"engl_gam_all_scrol","sharethrough":"YRwAUQ4n3r0xdDMH0TOrPfnH"}'><div id="scrollto_ad_1"></div></div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('scrollto_ad_1')</script><div class="section gradingbycurvequickoverview before_steps_section sticky"> <div class="headline_container "><div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Grading-By-Curve:-Quick-Overview">Grading By Curve: Quick Overview</span> </h2></div></div> <div id="gradingbycurvequickoverview" class="section_text"> <p>Grading by curve means adjusting individual grades relative to the class’s performance as a whole. Educators often grade on a curve to compensate for lower-than-expected test scores or assignments that were overly difficult. For example, with a standard curve, a teacher may simply add a certain percentage point to each student's grade based on the highest score. </p> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> </div> <h2 class="section-heading hidden" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Steps">Steps</span> </h2> <div class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="section steps steps_first sticky hide_step_numbers"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Section 1 of 5:</div> <span id="What-is-grading-on-a-curve?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="What-is-grading-on-a-curve.3F">What is grading on a curve? </span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled pdf_link_steps " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> </div> <div id="steps_1" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-00"> <a name="step_1_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Grading on a curve is a relative grading method.</b> Instructors use a flat or bell curve to adjust individual grades relative to the class’s overall performance. Teachers typically do curved grading when they feel that too many students scored poorly, either because of inadequate instruction or a poorly designed test or assignment.<sup id="_ref-1" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 1"><a href="#_note-1">[1]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_1" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>In most cases, a curve will benefit every student by raising their grade somewhat, but in systems like bell curve grading, some student’s curved grade may be lower than their standard letter grade would be.</li> <li>Not every way to curve grades is relative. Curves that involve a minimum F policy only adjust the grades of failing students. Curving using a square-root method means each student’s grade is adjusted differently, and some students benefit more than others.</li> <li>A standard curve (where every student’s grade is curved by the same amount of points) is seen as the most fair because everyone benefits the same amount.</li> </ul> <script>WH.performance.mark('step1_rendered');</script> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod containerless_ad fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="7710650179" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-channels="2414719621" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-insertslotvalue="1" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111279,"pubmatic":"4926794","ix":"944751","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756126","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892622","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_meth0_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393567896410","grid":383057,"medianet":"521047606","rise":"engl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"xZq2HSiUJL1GRBHUi49ybeLd"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_1')</script> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Section 2 of 5:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="5-Common-Ways-to-Curve-Grades">5 Common Ways to Curve Grades </span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled pdf_link_steps " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> </div> <div id="steps_2" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-11"> <a name="step_2_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter "><a href="#/Image:Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><picture id="046cb196b3186e70dacfa0a522e97e92"><source type="image/webp" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg.webp 460w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg 460w"></source><source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/e/e0/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg.webp 728w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/e/e0/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg 728w"></source><img alt="Step 1 Standard Curve" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn" width="460" height="345" priority="high"></picture><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Standard Curve</b> A standard curve sets the highest score achieved as a “100%” and raises all other grades accordingly. To use this method, educators subtract the highest score in the class from the hypothetical "perfect" score. They add the difference to every student’s score, including the highest-scoring one. Using this method, every student gets a better grade after the curve.<sup id="_ref-2" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 2"><a href="#_note-2">[2]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_2" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>For example, say the highest grade on a test was 95%. In this case, because 100-95 = 5, a teacher would add <b>5 percentage points</b> to everyone’s grade. This makes the 95% score an adjusted 100%, and every other score 5 percentage points higher than it was.</li> <li>This method also works using absolute scores, rather than percentages. If the highest grade was a 28/30, for instance, a teacher would add 2 points to the score of every student.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-12"> <a name="step_2_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter "><a href="#/Image:Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><picture id="480c4a978a9d832ee3aeb0047b7efc59"><source type="image/webp" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/64/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg.webp 460w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/64/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg 460w"></source><source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/6/64/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg.webp 728w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/6/64/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg 728w"></source><img alt="Step 2 Flat-Scale Curve" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/64/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn" width="460" height="345" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/64\/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/6\/64\/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Flat-Scale Curve</b> A flat-scale curve boosts every student’s score on an assignment or test by the same number of points. This can be the number of points that an item most of the class missed was worth, or it can be some other (arbitrary) number of points that the teacher thinks is fair.<sup id="_ref-3" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 3"><a href="#_note-3">[3]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_3" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>For instance, let's say that the entire class missed one problem which was worth 10 points. In this case, a teacher might choose to add 10 points to every student's score.</li> <li>Because this method doesn't specifically set the highest score in the class as a 100% maximum score, it allows for the possibility that <i>none</i> of the assignments receive a perfect score. It even allows for scores over 100%. <ul><li>An educator can put a cap on the highest possible score to avoid going over 100%, but high-performing students may find this unfair since they are then receiving fewer bonus points than low-performing classmates.<sup id="_ref-4" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 4"><a href="#_note-4">[4]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_4" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </li></ul> </li> <li>To do a flat curve targeting a mean, an educator would add the number of points that’s equal to the difference between the target score and the class average.<sup id="_ref-5" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 5"><a href="#_note-5">[5]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_5" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-13"> <a name="step_2_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter "><a href="#/Image:Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><picture id="323a42f1a093c8558b0704f5500caedd"><source type="image/webp" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/ea/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg.webp 460w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/ea/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg 460w"></source><source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/e/ea/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg.webp 728w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/e/ea/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg 728w"></source><img alt="Step 3 Minimum F Curve" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/ea/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn" width="460" height="345" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Minimum F Curve</b> A minimum F curve, also known as a minimum F policy, curves low grades by raising them to an arbitrary minimum score. To do this kind of curve, a teacher defines a lower limit for failing grades—a minimum score that is higher than zero, such as 50 (out of 100). Even if students score lower than the minimum on an assignment, it will be the lowest score they can receive, effectively curving their grade.<sup id="_ref-6" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 6"><a href="#_note-6">[6]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_6" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>This policy makes it so that very low-scoring assignments have a less drastic effect when averaged with a student's good scores.</li> <li>For example, let's say that a student bombs his first test, scoring a 0. However, since then, he's studied hard, receiving 70% and 80% on his next two tests. Un-curved, he has a 50% grade right now—a failing score. If his teacher sets a lower limit on failing scores of 40%, his new average is 63.3%—a D. It's not a great score, but it's probably fairer than failing a student who's shown real promise.</li> <li>Educators may choose to set separate lower limits for assignments that are turned in vs. assignments that are not. For example, they may decide that for failing assignments, the lowest possible grade is 40%—unless it's not turned in at all, in which case 30% is the lowest possible score.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-14"> <a name="step_2_4" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter "><a href="#/Image:Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><picture id="2d53d64fd742d99a710761f7cd3e90f1"><source type="image/webp" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c0/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg.webp 460w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c0/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg 460w"></source><source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/c/c0/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg.webp 728w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/c/c0/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg 728w"></source><img alt="Step 4 Bell Curve" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c0/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn" width="460" height="345" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c0\/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/c\/c0\/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">4</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Bell Curve</b> On a difficult assignment, a class’s average could be surprisingly low. A bell curve grading method shifts grades closer to the teacher’s desired average by fitting grades to a normal distribution. They set the class's mean grade as a C—even if the actual average score was lower than a C. Scores to the left and right sides of the distribution will earn other letter grades, depending on how many points the teacher uses to separate letter grades.<sup id="_ref-7" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 7"><a href="#_note-7">[7]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_7" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>To grade on a bell curve, educators determine the class's mean (average) score by adding up all the scores in the class, then dividing by the number of students to find the mean. For example, say they find an average score of 66%.</li> <li>They set this as a mid-range grade. The precise grade is at their discretion—it could be a C, C+, or even B-. Say they set 66% as a C.</li> <li>Next, they decide how many points separate the letter grades in the new bell curve. Generally, bigger point intervals mean that the bell curve is more forgiving to low-scoring students. Let's say they separate grades by 12 points. This means that 66 + 12 = 78 becomes the new B, while 66 - 12 = 54 becomes the new D, etc. <ul><li>They can also <a href="/Calculate-Standard-Deviation" title="Calculate Standard Deviation"> calculate the standard deviation</a> and add it to or subtract it from the mean test score to decide where letter grades fall. The mean test score is the lower cutoff for a C grade. One standard deviation above the mean test score is the cutoff for a B. One standard deviation below the mean test score is the cutoff for a D, and so on.<sup id="_ref-8" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 8"><a href="#_note-8">[8]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_8" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </li></ul> </li> <li>Finally, they assign curved grades according to the bell curve system.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-15"> <a name="step_2_5" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="step_num">5</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Square-Root Curve</b> A square-root curve method raises low scores significantly without increasing the highest scores by much. This method is time-consuming, as educators have to manually curve each individual’s score. Students may perceive it as unfair because poor performers receive a greater boost on the curve than high-scoring students. However, every score below a 100 will improve.<sup id="_ref-9" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 9"><a href="#_note-9">[9]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_9" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>To use a square-root grading curve, a teacher takes the square root of each individual score. They multiply the square root by 10 to get the curved score.</li> <li>For example, say a student’s score is 65. They <a href="/Calculate-a-Square-Root-by-Hand" title="Calculate a Square Root by Hand"> take the square root</a> of 65 to get 8.06. Next, the teacher multiplies 8.06 by 10 to get 80.6. This is the student’s new score after curving, bringing them from a D to a B-.</li> <li>If a student’s score is 99, a square-root grading curve would shift their score up to a 99.4.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod containerless_ad fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="7710650179" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-channels="2414719621" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-insertslotvalue="2" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111279,"pubmatic":"4926794","ix":"944751","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756126","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892622","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_meth0_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393567896410","grid":383057,"medianet":"521047606","rise":"engl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"xZq2HSiUJL1GRBHUi49ybeLd"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_2"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_2')</script> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky hide_step_numbers"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Section 3 of 5:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Benefits-of-Grading-on-a-Curve">Benefits of Grading on a Curve </span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled pdf_link_steps " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> </div> <div id="steps_3" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-26"> <a name="step_3_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="step_num">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Instructors can assess students on more challenging material.</b> Without a curve, a difficult test could tank many students’ grades without accurately reflecting their overall performance in the course. With a curve, educators feel empowered to include more difficult questions knowing not everyone will get a D or an F. It may also be easier to tell who high and low performers are based on the outliers in the curve’s distribution.<sup id="_ref-10" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 10"><a href="#_note-10">[10]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_10" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-27"> <a name="step_3_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="step_num">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Curving grades compensates for assignments that are too difficult.</b> If many students score poorly on an assignment, it might have been too difficult for the course’s standards. It could also indicate that the educator failed to effectively teach the material. Either way, the instructor can remedy an unfairly difficult exam or assignment by curving students’ grades—especially if the entire class did poorly.<sup id="_ref-11" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 11"><a href="#_note-11">[11]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_11" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod containerless_ad fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="7710650179" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-channels="2414719621" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-insertslotvalue="3" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111279,"pubmatic":"4926794","ix":"944751","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756126","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892622","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_meth0_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393567896410","grid":383057,"medianet":"521047606","rise":"engl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"xZq2HSiUJL1GRBHUi49ybeLd"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_3"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_3')</script> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky hide_step_numbers"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Section 4 of 5:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Drawbacks-of-Grading-on-a-Curve">Drawbacks of Grading on a Curve </span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled pdf_link_steps " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> </div> <div id="steps_4" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-38"> <a name="step_4_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="step_num">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Bell curve grading puts students in competition with one another.</b> Bell curve grading forces students to compete for the highest grades on assignments (or in a class, if final course grades are curved). On a bell curve distribution, even if you get a high score, only the highest scores will earn As and Bs. Your individual performance isn’t enough to earn a certain grade, since the curve makes everyone’s grade relative to the class’s performance as a whole.<sup id="_ref-12" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 12"><a href="#_note-12">[12]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_12" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>This competition may cause students to focus on beating each other in the final distribution rather than learning the material.<sup id="_ref-13" class="reference trusted" aria-label="Link to Reference 13"><a href="#_note-13">[13]</a><span class="ts_popup trustedsource" hidden id="ts_popup_13" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <a class="ts_trustworthy" href="/wikiHow:Delivering-a-Trustworthy-Experience">Trustworthy Source</a> <span class="ts_name">Science Direct</span> <span class="ts_description">Online archive of peer-reviewed research on scientific, technical and medical topics</span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Go to source</a> </span> </sup> </li> <li>In assignments or courses where most students would not perform well regardless of the curve, the perceived unfairness of the limited amount of high grades is not as much of an issue. The best students should earn As on the curve. <ul><li>Class size is another factor to take into account. A bell curve grading system will likely be more fair when applied to a larger class than a smaller one.<sup id="_ref-14" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 14"><a href="#_note-14">[14]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_14" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </li></ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-39"> <a name="step_4_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="step_num">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Grading on a curve can cause grade inflation.</b> Obviously, when an instructor uses a curve, they’re artificially inflating grades. However, when used sparingly, students’ final grades should still reflect their performance and mastery of the material. Extreme or systematic grade inflation occurs when curving is very frequent and generous, such that low scores earn average grades and average scores earn high grades.<sup id="_ref-15" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 15"><a href="#_note-15">[15]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_15" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> <ul> <li>Grading on a curve can devalue letter grades as a tool for judging understanding and mastery. Students may have done very well, but not earned an A because other students scored slightly higher than them. Other students may have done very poorly, but earned a passing grade anyway because others did worse than them.</li> <li>For example, if every exam is curved so a D score earns a B, grades for that course may be inflated compared to the same courses run on the standard grading system.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-310"> <a name="step_4_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="step_num">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb">Students may feel that curving grades is unfair.</b> When teachers use a bell curve or other method to adjust students’ grades, everyone may not benefit equally. In some cases, students with high scores will get a lower grade on the curve than they would have on a standard grading system—mostly with bell curve grading, where there are limited numbers of each letter grade to distribute. When this happens, they could feel the grading system is unfair and lose motivation.<sup id="_ref-16" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 16"><a href="#_note-16">[16]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_16" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod containerless_ad fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="7710650179" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-channels="2414719621" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-insertslotvalue="4" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111279,"pubmatic":"4926794","ix":"944751","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756126","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892622","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_meth0_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393567896410","grid":383057,"medianet":"521047606","rise":"engl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"xZq2HSiUJL1GRBHUi49ybeLd"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_4"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_4')</script> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky hide_step_numbers"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"> <div class="method_label">Section 5 of 5:</div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other-Ways-to-Help-Improve-Grades">Other Ways to Help Improve Grades </span></h3> </div> <a class="large_pdf_link pdf_link disabled pdf_link_steps " href="#"> <img class="pdf_link-img" loading="lazy" src="/extensions/wikihow/socialstamp/images/icon-pdf.svg" alt="PDF download" width="150" height="150"> <span class="pdfText">Download Article</span> </a> </div> <div id="steps_5" class="section_text"> <ol class="steps_list_2"> <li id="step-id-411"> <a name="step_5_1" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter "><a href="#/Image:Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><picture id="e2a213bd64089682befb694678eb7c07"><source type="image/webp" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg.webp 460w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg 460w"></source><source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/7/7f/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg.webp 728w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/7/7f/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg 728w"></source><img alt="Step 1 Re-do Assignments" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn" width="460" height="345" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">1</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Re-do Assignments</b> Instead of curving, teachers can offer students an opportunity to re-do sections of an assignment they did poorly on. Then, the teacher grades the problems they re-did and offers the students some percentage of the total points they earned on their re-do attempt. They add these points to their first score to get their final grade. <ul><li>Let's say that a student scored 60 points out of 100 on a test. The teacher gives the test back to the student, offering half-credit for any problems she re-does. She re-works the problems she missed, scoring 30 more points. The teacher then gives her 30/2 = 15 more points, making her final score 60 + 15 = 75 points.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li id="step-id-412"> <a name="step_5_2" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter "><a href="#/Image:Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><picture id="eb416518af661dd9ff71d2faa54cd409"><source type="image/webp" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1f/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg.webp 460w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1f/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg 460w"></source><source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/1/1f/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg.webp 728w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/1/1f/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg 728w"></source><img alt="Step 2 Removing a Question From a Test" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1f/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn" width="460" height="345" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">2</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Removing a Question From a Test</b> Even the best teachers occasionally put unfair or misleading questions on their tests. If, after grading, they find that there are one or two particular items that most of the students seemed to struggle on, they may want to disregard these questions and grade the assignment as if they weren't included. <ul><li>Note that this method gives extra weight to the questions they choose to include. It may also anger students who did well on the questions you chose to eliminate. Teachers can off-set this by turning the tough question into an extra-credit question.</li></ul> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <li class="final_li" id="step-id-413"> <a name="step_5_3" class="stepanchor"></a><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter "><a href="#/Image:Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" class="image"><picture id="50a22685873b27817fb1f3d577c0dd66"><source type="image/webp" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1b/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg.webp 460w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(max-width: 728px)" width="460" height="546" srcset="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1b/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg 460w"></source><source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/1/1b/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg.webp 728w"></source><source type="image/jpeg" media="(min-width: 729px)" width="728" height="546" srcset="/images/thumb/1/1b/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg 728w"></source><img alt="Step 3 Assigning Extra-Credit Problems" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1b/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn" width="460" height="345" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image_details"><script type="application/json">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}</script></div></a></div> <div class="step_num" aria-hidden="true">3</div><div class="step"> <b class="whb" aria-hidden="true">Assigning Extra-Credit Problems</b> After an assignment that went poorly for some (or all) students, teachers may offer students a special problem, project, or task that, if completed, will raise their scores. This may be an extra problem that requires creative thinking, an extra assignment, or even a presentation.<sup id="_ref-17" class="reference" aria-label="Link to Reference 17"><a href="#_note-17">[17]</a><span class="ts_popup " hidden id="ts_popup_17" style="display: none;"> <span class="ts_close">X</span> <span class="ts_name">Research source</span> <span class="ts_description"></span> <a href="#" class="ts_source" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener"></a> </span> </sup> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker" data-isstep="1"></div> </li> <div class="wh_ad_inner w_label al_grey dfpsmall dfpsmallmethod containerless_ad fluid" data-service="adsense" data-slot="7710650179" data-width="728" data-height="90" data-smallheight="250" data-type="method" data-small="1" data-channels="2414719621" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_meth0" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-prebidload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-containerless="1" data-fullwidthadsense="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-mediumchannels="3005955957,4066873649" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-meth" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-insertslotvalue="5" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111279,"pubmatic":"4926794","ix":"944751","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756126","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892622","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_meth0_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666393567896410","grid":383057,"medianet":"521047606","rise":"engl_gam_sma_meth0","sharethrough":"xZq2HSiUJL1GRBHUi49ybeLd"}'><div id="mobilemethod_ad_5"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('mobilemethod_ad_5')</script> </ol> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <a name="Questions_and_Answers_sub" class="anchor" id="Questions_and_Answers_sub_anchor"></a> <div class="qa section sticky " data-few_contribs="1" data-search_enabled="0" data-aid="1391226" data-answers-count="3" data-expert-answers-count="0" data-staff-answers-count="0" data-purchase-group="" data-purchase-type="" data-obscure-answers="0" data-obscure-answers-type="" data-purchase-obscured-cta-header="" data-purchase-obscured-cta-prompt="" data-obscured-answer-header="" data-obscured-answer-prompt="" data-obscured-answer-link="" data-purchase-obscured-answer-header="Support wikiHow by" data-purchase-obscured-answer-prompt="unlocking this expert answer." data-purchase-obscured-answer-link="#"> <div class="headline_container block_header"> <div class="altblock"></div> <div class="headline_info"> <h2 class="qa_heading"> <span class="mw-headline" id="qa_headline"> Community Q&A </span> </h2> </div> </div> <div id="qa" class="section_text"> <div id="qa_answered_questions_container"> <div id="qa_aq_search_container"> <div id="qa_aq_search_heading" class="qa_section_heading">Search</div> <input class="qa_aq_search" placeholder="Type your query here"> </div> <a id="qa_add_curated_question">Add New Question</a> <ul id="qa_article_questions" class="qa_questions qa_aqs"> <li id="qa_question_0" class="qa_aq qa_block " data-aqid="167549" data-cqid="167566" data-caid="168422" data-sqid="1145337" data-qa_inactive="0" data-votes_up="22" data-votes_down="9" data-verifier_id="0" data-submitter_id="0"> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="qa_li_container"> <div class="qa_question_tab">Question</div> <div class="qa_q_txt">After watching the video, I'm not sure that is the best way to grade. While that rewards the top student, doesn't it also increase (reward) the grade of the lowest student? </div> <div class="qa_answers"> <div class="qa_user_area"> <div class="qa_user_hover hint_box"> </div> <div class="qa_person_circle"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar4.png.webp"></source> <img src="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar4.png" width="52" height="52" class="qa_person_circle-img" loading="lazy" alt="Community Answer"> </picture> </div> <div class="qa_answerer_info"> <div class="qa_user_name"></div> <div class="qa_user_label">Community Answer</div> </div> </div> <div class="qa_answer answer "> The purpose of a curve is to benefit EVERYBODY. It does help the student with the lowest score, but it raises the average and makes you look better. But I see your point! You don't have to use a curve. As said in the article, it's best used sparingly, like when everyone scores badly on the same assignment, because if that happens, the problem might have been with you, not them. </div> <div class="qa_answer_footer"> <div class="wh_vote_container qa_vote_buttons"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg"> <span class="wh_thumb_helpful"><b>Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_unhelpful"><b>Thank you for your feedback.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_contribute"> If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Contribute" class="wh_thumbs_claim_gift wh_thumbs_contribute_button button"> Support wikiHow </a> </span> </span> <div class="qa_widget_vote_links"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box button secondary">Yes</a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box button secondary">No</a> </div> <div class="qa_widget_vote_buttons"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box">Not Helpful <span>9</span></a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box">Helpful <span>22</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="qa_question_1" class="qa_aq qa_block " data-aqid="509429" data-cqid="509446" data-caid="510302" data-sqid="1617903" data-qa_inactive="0" data-votes_up="13" data-votes_down="3" data-verifier_id="0" data-submitter_id="0"> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="qa_li_container"> <div class="qa_question_tab">Question</div> <div class="qa_q_txt">What if the highest grade in my class is already 100 percent?</div> <div class="qa_answers"> <div class="qa_user_area"> <div class="qa_user_hover hint_box"> </div> <div class="qa_person_circle"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar4.png.webp"></source> <img src="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar4.png" width="52" height="52" class="qa_person_circle-img" loading="lazy" alt="Community Answer"> </picture> </div> <div class="qa_answerer_info"> <div class="qa_user_name"></div> <div class="qa_user_label">Community Answer</div> </div> </div> <div class="qa_answer answer "> It depends. If, in a class of 40, there was only one student who made 100 percent, and everyone else was under 85 percent, it might me be a good idea to curve the grades. On the other hand, if 10 students out of 40 scored 92 and above, then there's likely no need to curve the grades. </div> <div class="qa_answer_footer"> <div class="wh_vote_container qa_vote_buttons"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg"> <span class="wh_thumb_helpful"><b>Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_unhelpful"><b>Thank you for your feedback.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_contribute"> If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Contribute" class="wh_thumbs_claim_gift wh_thumbs_contribute_button button"> Support wikiHow </a> </span> </span> <div class="qa_widget_vote_links"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box button secondary">Yes</a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box button secondary">No</a> </div> <div class="qa_widget_vote_buttons"> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_down wh_vote_box">Not Helpful <span>3</span></a> <a href="#" class="wh_vote_up wh_vote_box">Helpful <span>13</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="qa_question_2" class="qa_aq qa_block " data-aqid="717819" data-cqid="717836" data-caid="718692" data-sqid="3516052" data-qa_inactive="0" data-votes_up="4" data-votes_down="3" data-verifier_id="0" data-submitter_id="0"> <div class="qa_divider"></div> <div class="qa_li_container"> <div class="qa_question_tab">Question</div> <div class="qa_q_txt">How do I know if my curved grades are fair?</div> <div class="qa_answers"> <div class="qa_user_area"> <div class="qa_user_hover hint_box"> </div> <div class="qa_person_circle"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar2.png.webp"></source> <img src="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-104-104-104px-CommunityAvatar2.png" width="52" height="52" class="qa_person_circle-img" loading="lazy" alt="Community Answer"> </picture> </div> <div class="qa_answerer_info"> <div class="qa_user_name"></div> <div class="qa_user_label">Community Answer</div> </div> </div> <div class="qa_answer answer "> You don’t know because “fair” is subjective. If you feel the curved scores better reflect your situation, then it is “fair.” </div> <div class="qa_answer_footer"> <div class="wh_vote_container qa_vote_buttons"> <span class="wh_thumb_response wh_thumb_msg"> <span class="wh_thumb_helpful"><b>Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_unhelpful"><b>Thank you for your feedback.</b><br></span> <span class="wh_thumb_contribute"> If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. 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class="headline_container"><div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator" id="references_first"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span> </h2></div></div> <div id="references" class="section_text"><ol class="firstref references"> <li id="_note-1"> <a href="#_ref-1" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://througheducation.com/how-does-grading-on-a-curve-work/">https://througheducation.com/how-does-grading-on-a-curve-work/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-2"> <a href="#_ref-2" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://througheducation.com/how-does-grading-on-a-curve-work/">https://througheducation.com/how-does-grading-on-a-curve-work/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-3"> <a href="#_ref-3" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://akhilrao.github.io/blog/teaching/2017/12/22/curving-grades/">https://akhilrao.github.io/blog/teaching/2017/12/22/curving-grades/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-4"> <a href="#_ref-4" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://througheducation.com/how-does-grading-on-a-curve-work/">https://througheducation.com/how-does-grading-on-a-curve-work/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-5"> <a href="#_ref-5" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://akhilrao.github.io/blog/teaching/2017/12/22/curving-grades/">https://akhilrao.github.io/blog/teaching/2017/12/22/curving-grades/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-6"> <a href="#_ref-6" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://www.ktnv.com/raisingthebar/minimum-f-gives-students-half-credit-regardless-of-work">https://www.ktnv.com/raisingthebar/minimum-f-gives-students-half-credit-regardless-of-work</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-7"> <a href="#_ref-7" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://www.k12academics.com/education-assessment-evaluation/bell-curve-grading">https://www.k12academics.com/education-assessment-evaluation/bell-curve-grading</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-8"> <a href="#_ref-8" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencing.com/grade-bell-curve-8786404/">https://www.sciencing.com/grade-bell-curve-8786404/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-9"> <a href="#_ref-9" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencing.com/grade-using-square-root-curve-8541101/">https://www.sciencing.com/grade-using-square-root-curve-8541101/</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div id="aiinfo" class="section articleinfo sticky"><div id="articleinfo" class="section_text"><a id="info_link" href="#aiinfo">More References (8)</a></div></div> <div class="section references aidata sourcesandcitations sticky"><div id="references_second" class="section_text"><ol class="firstref references" start="10"> <li id="_note-10"> <a href="#_ref-10" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://ii.library.jhu.edu/2013/05/13/to-curve-or-not-to-curve/">https://ii.library.jhu.edu/2013/05/13/to-curve-or-not-to-curve/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-11"> <a href="#_ref-11" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://apuedge.com/why-grading-on-a-curve-makes-academic-sense-part-ii/">https://apuedge.com/why-grading-on-a-curve-makes-academic-sense-part-ii/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-12"> <a href="#_ref-12" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1256160.pdf">https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1256160.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-13"> <a href="#_ref-13" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272775717308038">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272775717308038</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-14"> <a href="#_ref-14" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://blog.nus.edu.sg/provost/2012/01/20/the-bell-curve/">https://blog.nus.edu.sg/provost/2012/01/20/the-bell-curve/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-15"> <a href="#_ref-15" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://www.ivyscholars.com/what-is-grade-inflation/">https://www.ivyscholars.com/what-is-grade-inflation/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-16"> <a href="#_ref-16" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://ii.library.jhu.edu/2013/05/13/to-curve-or-not-to-curve/">https://ii.library.jhu.edu/2013/05/13/to-curve-or-not-to-curve/</a></span> </li> <li id="_note-17"> <a href="#_ref-17" target="_blank">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://help.d2l.msu.edu/msu-docs/d2l-grades-at-msu/d2l-gradebook-extra-credit">https://help.d2l.msu.edu/msu-docs/d2l-grades-at-msu/d2l-gradebook-extra-credit</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="section aboutthisarticle sticky" id="aboutthisarticle"> <div class="headline_container"> <div class="headline_info"> <h2 id="sp_h2"><span class="mw-headline">About This Article</span></h2> </div> </div> <div id="social_proof_mobile"> <a name="social_proof_anchor" id="social_proof_anchor"></a> <div class="sp_inner"> <div class="sp_top_box sp_person sp_expert"> <div class="coauthor_avatar_badge "></div> <div class="ar_avatar" style="max-width: 50px"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/c/ce/Joseph_Meyer.png/-crop-100-100-100px-Joseph_Meyer.png.webp"></source><img src="/images/thumb/c/ce/Joseph_Meyer.png/-crop-100-100-100px-Joseph_Meyer.png" alt="Joseph Meyer" loading="lazy" width="50" height="50" style="max-width: 50px"></picture></div> <div class="sp_expert_text "> <div> <div class="sp_coauthor_label"> Reviewed by: </div> <div class="sp_expert_name"><a href="/Author/Joseph-Meyer" class="sp_namelink">Joseph Meyer</a></div> <div class="sp_expert_blurb">Math Teacher</div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sp_expert_desc"> This article was reviewed by <a href="/Author/Joseph-Meyer">Joseph Meyer</a> and by wikiHow staff writer, <a href="/Author/Bailey-Bujnosek-BA">Bailey Bujnosek, BA</a>. Joseph Meyer is a High School Math Teacher based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is an educator at City Charter High School, where he has been teaching for over 7 years. Joseph is also the founder of Sandbox Math, an online learning community dedicated to helping students succeed in Algebra. His site is set apart by its focus on fostering genuine comprehension through step-by-step understanding (instead of just getting the correct final answer), enabling learners to identify and overcome misunderstandings and confidently take on any test they face. He received his MA in Physics from Case Western Reserve University and his BA in Physics from Baldwin Wallace University. This article has been viewed 915,263 times. </div> <div class="sp_box sp_box_hoverable sp_helpful_hoverable sp_helpful_box " data-helpful="100"> <div class="sp_star_section_upper"> <div class="sp_star_section_hoverable"> <div class="sp_star_container star1"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star pretty_star" style="width:100%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star2"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star pretty_star" style="width:100%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star3"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star pretty_star" style="width:100%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star4"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star pretty_star" style="width:100%"></div> </div> <div class="sp_star_container star5"> <div class="sp_helpful_icon_star pretty_star" style="width:100%"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sp_helpful_lower"> <div class="sp_star_rating_text"></div> <div class="sp_helpful_rating_count">2 votes - 100%</div> <div class="helpfulness_text"></div> </div> </div> <div class="sp_box sp_stats_box "> <div class="sp_text"> Co-authors: <span class="sp_text_data">20</span> </div> <div class="sp_text"> <span id="sp_modified">Updated: <span class="sp_text_data">January 23, 2025</span></span> </div> <div class="sp_text"> Views: <span class="sp_text_data">915,263</span> </div> </div> <div class="sp_box sp_fullbox"> Categories: <span dir="ltr"><a href="/Category:Marks-and-Grades" title="Category:Marks and Grades">Marks and Grades</a></span> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div id="summary_wrapper" class="section_text"> <a href="#summary_wrapper" class="collapse_link"><span id="summary_toc_heading_text">Article Summary</span><span id="summary_close">X</span></a><p class="text_summary_wrapper" id="summary_text">To curve grades, start by finding the highest grade earned in the whole class. Then, subtract that grade from 100. Finally, add that number to every student's grade. For example, if the highest score in the class was 90 percent, you would subtract 90 from 100 and get 10. Then, you'd add 10 percentage points to every student's grade, including the student who scored the highest. <span id="summary_last_sentence">To learn other ways you can curve grades, like using a flat-scale curve or a linear-scale curve, keep reading!</span><span id="summary_position" class="sumpos_bottom"></span><div class="s-help-wrap" data-type="summarytexthelp"> <span class="s-help-prompt">Did this summary help you?</span><button class="s-help-response" data-value="1" data-type="summarytexthelp" data-prompt-text="We are so glad to have helped!" data-finish-prompt="Thank you! <a href='#' class='firststeplink'>Return to the article to learn more...</a>" data-textarea-prompt="Please describe what was helpful in the video..." type="submit">Yes</button><button class="s-help-response" data-value="0" data-type="summarytexthelp" data-prompt-text="Sorry that the video wasn't helpful." data-finish-prompt="Sorry the summary wasn't helpful. <a href='#' class='firststeplink'>Return to the article to learn more...</a>" data-textarea-prompt="Please tell us what you would have liked to see in the video..." type="submit">No</button><div class="s-help-feedback-wrap"> <textarea class="s-help-textarea"></textarea><input type="button" class="s-help-submit button primary" value="Submit"> </div> </div></p> </div> <div id="other_languages" class="section_text"> <a href="#other_languages" class="collapse_link">In other languages</a><div id="language_links"> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://es.wikihow.com/hacer-una-curva-para-ponderar-notas-o-calificaciones">Spanish</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://www.wikihow.it/Realizzare-una-Curva-dei-Voti">Italian</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://ru.wikihow.com/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E-%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8">Russian</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://zh.wikihow.com/%E8%B0%83%E5%88%86">Chinese</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://de.wikihow.com/Die-Notenverteilung-anpassen">German</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://id.wikihow.com/Mengkurva-Nilai">Indonesian</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://nl.wikihow.com/Cijfers-normeren">Dutch</a></div> <div class="language_link"><a href="https://ar.wikihow.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA">Arabic</a></div> </div> </div> <ul id="end_options" class="section_text"> <li><a href="#" id="printLink">Print</a></li> <li><a href="#" id="gatThankAuthors">Send fan mail to authors</a></li> <div class="clearall"></div> </ul> <div class="page_stats section_text">Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 915,263 times.<div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> </div> <div id="userreviews_mobile" class="section sticky"> <a id="comments"></a> <div class="headline_container"> <div class="headline_info"> <h2 id="ur_h2"><span class="mw-headline">Reader Success Stories</span></h2> </div> </div> <div id="ur_mobile" class="section_text"> <ul> <li class="ur_review ur_review"> <div class="ur_user"> <picture class="ur_avatar"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/f/f2/CommunityAvatar3.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar3.png.webp"></source> <img src="/images/thumb/f/f2/CommunityAvatar3.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar3.png" width="36" height="36" style="max-width:36px" loading="lazy" alt="D. B."> </picture> <div class="ur_author"> <p class="ur_name">D. B.</p> <p class="ur_date">Nov 4, 2016</p> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review_text"> "This was a great summary to show alternatives for curving. I ended up choosing the most complex one, because I<span class="ur_review_more" hidden> like that it adjusts by student. This curve prevented my worst students' grades from completely going down the drain, while keeping my very best students from getting 120% just because of the curve."</span><span class="ur_ellipsis">..." </span><a href="#" class="ur_review_show">more</a> </div> </li> <div id="ur_the_rest" class="ur_the_rest" hidden></div> </ul> <div class="ur_nav_container"> <a id="ur_lower_show" class="ur_more button secondary" href="#">More reader stories</a> <a id="ur_lower_hide" class="ur_hide button secondary" href="#">Hide reader stories</a> </div> <a href="#" class="ur_share button primary">Share your story</a> <div class="clearall"></div> <div class="scrolltomarker"></div> </div> </div> <div id="article_rating_mobile" class="section_text"> <h2 id="article_rating_header"><span class="mw-headline">Did this article help you?</span></h2> <div id="article_rating"> <button id="gatAccuracyYes" pageid="1391226" role="button" class="button secondary vote_up aritem">Yes</button> <button id="gatAccuracyNo" pageid="1391226" role="button" class="button secondary vote_down aritem">No</button> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> <div id="pagebottom"> <div class="wh_ad_inner dfpsmall dfpsmallbottom fluid" data-service="adsense" data-smallslot="3788982605" data-smallheight="250" data-type="pagebottom" data-small="1" data-channels="2414719621" data-smallservice="dfp" data-adunitpath="/10095428/engl/engl_gam_sma_bottm" data-size='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-apsload="1" data-aps-timeout="800" data-prebidload="1" data-fluidsize="1" data-smallchannels="2811805837,8156154280" data-aditudetarget="pb-slot-engl-bottm" data-largechannels="2060152247,5763098696" data-mediumchannels="4066873649" data-pagetype="methods" data-observerloading="1" data-sizes-array='[[300, 250],"fluid"]' data-gptdisplaylate="1" data-pbadunits='{"appnexus":29111284,"pubmatic":"4926799","ix":"944756","amx":"d2lraWhvdy5jb20","rubicon":"2756140","shemedia":"2952570","openx":"558892627","triplelift":"Wikihow_engl_gam_sma_bottm_300x250_Prebid","yieldmo":"3204666394171876190","grid":383055,"medianet":"172923681","rise":"engl_gam_sma_bottm","sharethrough":"pjB7FOTJ0b7GuEgMzHXYLqaE"}'><div id="pagebottom_ad_1"></div></div> <div class="al_method">Advertisement</div> <script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('pagebottom_ad_1')</script> </div> </div></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="cookie_notice" class="sidebox notice_bgcolor"><a href="#" id="cookie_notice_x"></a>Cookies make wikiHow better. 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B." /> </picture> <div class="ur_author"> <p class="ur_name">D. B.</p> <p class="ur_date">Nov 4, 2016</p> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review_text"> "This was a great summary to show alternatives for curving. I ended up choosing the most complex one, because I<span class='ur_review_more' hidden> like that it adjusts by student. This curve prevented my worst students' grades from completely going down the drain, while keeping my very best students from getting 120% just because of the curve."</span><span class='ur_ellipsis'>..." </span><a href='#' class='ur_review_show'>more</a> </div> <div class="ur_rating"> </div> </div> <div class="ur_the_rest" hidden> <div class="ur_review ur_review1"> <div class="ur_user"> <picture class="ur_avatar"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/f/f2/CommunityAvatar3.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar3.png.webp" /> <img src="/images/thumb/f/f2/CommunityAvatar3.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar3.png" width="36" height="36" style="max-width:36px" loading="lazy" alt="April Martinez" /> </picture> <div class="ur_author"> <p class="ur_name">April Martinez</p> <p class="ur_date">Mar 27, 2017</p> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review_text"> "I'm doing a presentation in a teaching class, and this gave me more than enough info to know what I was<span class='ur_review_more' hidden> talking about when it came to grading curve facts. Plus, other options other than curves were given, which was a nice boost to my knowledge!"</span><span class='ur_ellipsis'>..." </span><a href='#' class='ur_review_show'>more</a> </div> <div class="ur_rating"> <span>Rated this article: </span> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review ur_review2"> <div class="ur_user"> <picture class="ur_avatar"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar4.png.webp" /> <img src="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar4.png" width="36" height="36" style="max-width:36px" loading="lazy" alt="Hani Atwa" /> </picture> <div class="ur_author"> <p class="ur_name">Hani Atwa</p> <p class="ur_date">May 24, 2017</p> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review_text"> "After reading this article, we have learned different methods other than the one we typically use and, in addition,<span class='ur_review_more' hidden> we can say that we have a scientific basis for what we do."</span><span class='ur_ellipsis'>..." </span><a href='#' class='ur_review_show'>more</a> </div> <div class="ur_rating"> <span>Rated this article: </span> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="ur_star ur_rating_on"></div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review ur_review3"> <div class="ur_user"> <picture class="ur_avatar"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar2.png.webp" /> <img src="/images/thumb/b/b0/CommunityAvatar2.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar2.png" width="36" height="36" style="max-width:36px" loading="lazy" alt="Anonymous" /> </picture> <div class="ur_author"> <p class="ur_name">Anonymous</p> <p class="ur_date">Apr 12, 2017</p> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review_text"> "The reasoning for the particular grading method was quite clear and easy to follow." </div> <div class="ur_rating"> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review ur_review4"> <div class="ur_user"> <picture class="ur_avatar"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar4.png.webp" /> <img src="/images/thumb/f/f5/CommunityAvatar4.png/-crop-72-72-72px-CommunityAvatar4.png" width="36" height="36" style="max-width:36px" loading="lazy" alt="Hashim Khalid" /> </picture> <div class="ur_author"> <p class="ur_name">Hashim Khalid</p> <p class="ur_date">Jan 8, 2017</p> </div> </div> <div class="ur_review_text"> "Drawings are helpful for those with minimal math and statistics training. 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blockthrough"></div></div><script>WH.ads.addBodyAd('rightrail18_ad_1')</script></div></div></div><br class="clearall"></div><br class="clearall"><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "What Does Grading on a Curve Mean? Here's How it Works", "name": "What Does Grading on a Curve Mean? Here's How it Works", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "id": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-1200px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg", "width": 1200, "height": 900 }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Joseph Meyer", "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.sandboxmath.com\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/joemeyer23\/" ] }, "datePublished": "2011-05-17", "dateModified": "2025-01-23", "publisher": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/wikiHow", "https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/WikiHow" ] }, "description": "Learn how and why teachers may curve students' gradesA grade curve is a relative grading procedure that assigns grades for assignments based on the performance of the class as a whole. There are many reasons a teacher or professor may..." }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "HowTo", "headline": "What Does Grading on a Curve Mean? Here's How it Works", "name": "What Does Grading on a Curve Mean? Here's How it Works", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-1200px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg", "width": 1200, "height": 900 }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Joseph Meyer", "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.sandboxmath.com\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/joemeyer23\/" ] }, "datePublished": "2011-05-17", "dateModified": "2025-01-23", "publisher": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow\/", "https:\/\/twitter.com\/wikiHow", "https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wikihow\/", "https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/WikiHow" ] }, "step": [ { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "What is grading on a curve?", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Grading on a curve is a relative grading method. Instructors use a flat or bell curve to adjust individual grades relative to the class\u2019s overall performance. Teachers typically do curved grading when they feel that too many students scored poorly, either because of inadequate instruction or a poorly designed test or assignment.\n\nIn most cases, a curve will benefit every student by raising their grade somewhat, but in systems like bell curve grading, some student\u2019s curved grade may be lower than their standard letter grade would be.\nNot every way to curve grades is relative. Curves that involve a minimum F policy only adjust the grades of failing students. Curving using a square-root method means each student\u2019s grade is adjusted differently, and some students benefit more than others.\nA standard curve (where every student\u2019s grade is curved by the same amount of points) is seen as the most fair because everyone benefits the same amount.", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-00" } ] }, { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "5 Common Ways to Curve Grades", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Standard Curve A standard curve sets the highest score achieved as a \u201c100%\u201d and raises all other grades accordingly. To use this method, educators subtract the highest score in the class from the hypothetical \"perfect\" score. They add the difference to every student\u2019s score, including the highest-scoring one. Using this method, every student gets a better grade after the curve.\n\nFor example, say the highest grade on a test was 95%. In this case, because 100-95 = 5, a teacher would add 5 percentage points to everyone\u2019s grade. This makes the 95% score an adjusted 100%, and every other score 5 percentage points higher than it was.\nThis method also works using absolute scores, rather than percentages. If the highest grade was a 28\/30, for instance, a teacher would add 2 points to the score of every student.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-1-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-11" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Flat-Scale Curve A flat-scale curve boosts every student\u2019s score on an assignment or test by the same number of points. This can be the number of points that an item most of the class missed was worth, or it can be some other (arbitrary) number of points that the teacher thinks is fair.\n\nFor instance, let's say that the entire class missed one problem which was worth 10 points. In this case, a teacher might choose to add 10 points to every student's score.\nBecause this method doesn't specifically set the highest score in the class as a 100% maximum score, it allows for the possibility that none of the assignments receive a perfect score. It even allows for scores over 100%.\nAn educator can put a cap on the highest possible score to avoid going over 100%, but high-performing students may find this unfair since they are then receiving fewer bonus points than low-performing classmates.\n\n\nTo do a flat curve targeting a mean, an educator would add the number of points that\u2019s equal to the difference between the target score and the class average.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/64\/Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-2-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-12" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Minimum F Curve A minimum F curve, also known as a minimum F policy, curves low grades by raising them to an arbitrary minimum score. To do this kind of curve, a teacher defines a lower limit for failing grades\u2014a minimum score that is higher than zero, such as 50 (out of 100). Even if students score lower than the minimum on an assignment, it will be the lowest score they can receive, effectively curving their grade.\n\nThis policy makes it so that very low-scoring assignments have a less drastic effect when averaged with a student's good scores.\nFor example, let's say that a student bombs his first test, scoring a 0. However, since then, he's studied hard, receiving 70% and 80% on his next two tests. Un-curved, he has a 50% grade right now\u2014a failing score. If his teacher sets a lower limit on failing scores of 40%, his new average is 63.3%\u2014a D. It's not a great score, but it's probably fairer than failing a student who's shown real promise.\nEducators may choose to set separate lower limits for assignments that are turned in vs. assignments that are not. For example, they may decide that for failing assignments, the lowest possible grade is 40%\u2014unless it's not turned in at all, in which case 30% is the lowest possible score.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-3-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-13" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Bell Curve On a difficult assignment, a class\u2019s average could be surprisingly low. A bell curve grading method shifts grades closer to the teacher\u2019s desired average by fitting grades to a normal distribution. They set the class's mean grade as a C\u2014even if the actual average score was lower than a C. Scores to the left and right sides of the distribution will earn other letter grades, depending on how many points the teacher uses to separate letter grades.\n\nTo grade on a bell curve, educators determine the class's mean (average) score by adding up all the scores in the class, then dividing by the number of students to find the mean. For example, say they find an average score of 66%.\nThey set this as a mid-range grade. The precise grade is at their discretion\u2014it could be a C, C+, or even B-. Say they set 66% as a C.\nNext, they decide how many points separate the letter grades in the new bell curve. Generally, bigger point intervals mean that the bell curve is more forgiving to low-scoring students. Let's say they separate grades by 12 points. This means that 66 + 12 = 78 becomes the new B, while 66 - 12 = 54 becomes the new D, etc.\nThey can also calculate the standard deviation and add it to or subtract it from the mean test score to decide where letter grades fall. The mean test score is the lower cutoff for a C grade. One standard deviation above the mean test score is the cutoff for a B. One standard deviation below the mean test score is the cutoff for a D, and so on.\n\n\nFinally, they assign curved grades according to the bell curve system.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c0\/Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-4-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-14" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Square-Root Curve A square-root curve method raises low scores significantly without increasing the highest scores by much. This method is time-consuming, as educators have to manually curve each individual\u2019s score. Students may perceive it as unfair because poor performers receive a greater boost on the curve than high-scoring students. However, every score below a 100 will improve.\n\nTo use a square-root grading curve, a teacher takes the square root of each individual score. They multiply the square root by 10 to get the curved score.\nFor example, say a student\u2019s score is 65. They take the square root of 65 to get 8.06. Next, the teacher multiplies 8.06 by 10 to get 80.6. This is the student\u2019s new score after curving, bringing them from a D to a B-.\nIf a student\u2019s score is 99, a square-root grading curve would shift their score up to a 99.4.", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-15" } ] }, { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "Benefits of Grading on a Curve", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Instructors can assess students on more challenging material. Without a curve, a difficult test could tank many students\u2019 grades without accurately reflecting their overall performance in the course. With a curve, educators feel empowered to include more difficult questions knowing not everyone will get a D or an F. It may also be easier to tell who high and low performers are based on the outliers in the curve\u2019s distribution.", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-26" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Curving grades compensates for assignments that are too difficult. If many students score poorly on an assignment, it might have been too difficult for the course\u2019s standards. It could also indicate that the educator failed to effectively teach the material. Either way, the instructor can remedy an unfairly difficult exam or assignment by curving students\u2019 grades\u2014especially if the entire class did poorly.", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-27" } ] }, { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "Drawbacks of Grading on a Curve", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Bell curve grading puts students in competition with one another. Bell curve grading forces students to compete for the highest grades on assignments (or in a class, if final course grades are curved). On a bell curve distribution, even if you get a high score, only the highest scores will earn As and Bs. Your individual performance isn\u2019t enough to earn a certain grade, since the curve makes everyone\u2019s grade relative to the class\u2019s performance as a whole.\n\nThis competition may cause students to focus on beating each other in the final distribution rather than learning the material.\n\nIn assignments or courses where most students would not perform well regardless of the curve, the perceived unfairness of the limited amount of high grades is not as much of an issue. The best students should earn As on the curve.\nClass size is another factor to take into account. A bell curve grading system will likely be more fair when applied to a larger class than a smaller one.", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-38" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Grading on a curve can cause grade inflation. Obviously, when an instructor uses a curve, they\u2019re artificially inflating grades. However, when used sparingly, students\u2019 final grades should still reflect their performance and mastery of the material. Extreme or systematic grade inflation occurs when curving is very frequent and generous, such that low scores earn average grades and average scores earn high grades.\n\nGrading on a curve can devalue letter grades as a tool for judging understanding and mastery. Students may have done very well, but not earned an A because other students scored slightly higher than them. Other students may have done very poorly, but earned a passing grade anyway because others did worse than them.\nFor example, if every exam is curved so a D score earns a B, grades for that course may be inflated compared to the same courses run on the standard grading system.", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-39" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Students may feel that curving grades is unfair. When teachers use a bell curve or other method to adjust students\u2019 grades, everyone may not benefit equally. In some cases, students with high scores will get a lower grade on the curve than they would have on a standard grading system\u2014mostly with bell curve grading, where there are limited numbers of each letter grade to distribute. When this happens, they could feel the grading system is unfair and lose motivation.", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-310" } ] }, { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "Other Ways to Help Improve Grades", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Re-do Assignments Instead of curving, teachers can offer students an opportunity to re-do sections of an assignment they did poorly on. Then, the teacher grades the problems they re-did and offers the students some percentage of the total points they earned on their re-do attempt. They add these points to their first score to get their final grade.\nLet's say that a student scored 60 points out of 100 on a test. The teacher gives the test back to the student, offering half-credit for any problems she re-does. She re-works the problems she missed, scoring 30 more points. The teacher then gives her 30\/2 = 15 more points, making her final score 60 + 15 = 75 points.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-6-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-411" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Removing a Question From a Test Even the best teachers occasionally put unfair or misleading questions on their tests. If, after grading, they find that there are one or two particular items that most of the students seemed to struggle on, they may want to disregard these questions and grade the assignment as if they weren't included.\nNote that this method gives extra weight to the questions they choose to include. It may also anger students who did well on the questions you chose to eliminate. Teachers can off-set this by turning the tough question into an extra-credit question.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-7-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-412" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "text": "Assigning Extra-Credit Problems After an assignment that went poorly for some (or all) students, teachers may offer students a special problem, project, or task that, if completed, will raise their scores. This may be an extra problem that requires creative thinking, an extra assignment, or even a presentation.", "image": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Curve-Grades-Step-8-Version-2.jpg", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Curve-Grades#step-id-413" } ] } ], "description": "Learn how and why teachers may curve students' gradesA grade curve is a relative grading procedure that assigns grades for assignments based on the performance of the class as a whole. 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