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With Trump threatening US disengagement, European nat..." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@parlimag" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/a-fragmented-defence-industrial-base-is-holding-back-eu-armament" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Europe’s fragmented defence industry faces efficiency challenges amid Trump’s return" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The re-election of Donald Trump has sparked new uncertainties around Europe’s security strategy. With Trump threatening US disengagement, European nations are tasked with ramping up military spending and bolstering Ukraine’s defence." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/siteimg/share/ugc-1/fullnews/news/24902/24642_original.jpg?v1" /> <title> Europe’s fragmented defence industry faces efficiency challenges as Trump returns </title></head> <body >  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WHDKTSQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <form method="post" action="/news/article/a-fragmented-defence-industrial-base-is-holding-back-eu-armament" id="form1"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" 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defence", "id" :3470}] }); </script> <div class="article-view "> <div class="av-inner"> <div class="av-title"> <h1>A fragmented defence industrial base is holding back EU armament</h1> <div class="av-standFirst playfair">As long as EU members go their separate ways on military procurement, the bloc will never reach its bolstered defence goals.</div> </div> <div class="av-image"> <div class="av-main-img"> <img class="lazyload" data-src="/siteimg/news-main/ugc-1/fullnews/news/24902/24642_original.jpg"> </div> <div class="img-caption">With European production sluggish, South Korea's K-2 main battle tank has become a popular choice for defence ministries such as Poland's.</div> </div> <div class="av-author"> <div class="av-authImg"> <a href="/news/author/arno-van-rensbergen"> <img data-src="/siteimg/authorimg/ugc-1/fullnews/author/4963/1010_original.jpg" class="lazyload" alt="Arno Van Rensbergen"> </a> </div> <div class="av-authInfo"> <p class="av-authName"> By <a href="/news/author/arno-van-rensbergen">Arno Van Rensbergen</a> </p> <p class="av-authBio">Arno Van Rensbergen is a reporter at The Parliament Magazine.</p> <p class="av-date">24 Dec 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="av-main">  <div class="av-share-bottom clearFix share-buttons-wrap"> <span class="icon icon--right-arrow">Share this page</span> <div class="share-buttons"> <a class="share-button-item share-button-item--twitter" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=A+fragmented+defence+industrial+base+is+holding+back+EU+armament&url=https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu%2fnews%2farticle%2fa-fragmented-defence-industrial-base-is-holding-back-eu-armament" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label=""> <svg viewBox="0 0 14 12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:2"><path d="M11.026 0h2.146L8.483 5.083 14 12H9.68L6.296 7.805 2.425 12H.276l5.017-5.437L0 0h4.43l3.058 3.834L11.026 0Zm-.754 10.781h1.19L3.783 1.155H2.507l7.765 9.626Z" style="fill:#fff;fill-rule:nonzero"/></svg> </a> <a class="share-button-item share-button-item--whatsapp" href="whatsapp://send?text=A+fragmented+defence+industrial+base+is+holding+back+EU+armament%20https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu%2fnews%2farticle%2fa-fragmented-defence-industrial-base-is-holding-back-eu-armament" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label=""> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M20.1 3.9C17.9 1.7 15 .5 12 .5 5.8.5.7 5.6.7 11.9c0 2 .5 3.9 1.5 5.6L.6 23.4l6-1.6c1.6.9 3.5 1.3 5.4 1.3 6.3 0 11.4-5.1 11.4-11.4-.1-2.8-1.2-5.7-3.3-7.8zM12 21.4c-1.7 0-3.3-.5-4.8-1.3l-.4-.2-3.5 1 1-3.4L4 17c-1-1.5-1.4-3.2-1.4-5.1 0-5.2 4.2-9.4 9.4-9.4 2.5 0 4.9 1 6.7 2.8 1.8 1.8 2.8 4.2 2.8 6.7-.1 5.2-4.3 9.4-9.5 9.4zm5.1-7.1c-.3-.1-1.7-.9-1.9-1-.3-.1-.5-.1-.7.1-.2.3-.8 1-.9 1.1-.2.2-.3.2-.6.1s-1.2-.5-2.3-1.4c-.9-.8-1.4-1.7-1.6-2-.2-.3 0-.5.1-.6s.3-.3.4-.5c.2-.1.3-.3.4-.5.1-.2 0-.4 0-.5C10 9 9.3 7.6 9 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href="https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu%2fnews%2farticle%2fa-fragmented-defence-industrial-base-is-holding-back-eu-armament" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label=""> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M18.77 7.46H14.5v-1.9c0-.9.6-1.1 1-1.1h3V.5h-4.33C10.24.5 9.5 3.44 9.5 5.32v2.15h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.85l.42-4z" /> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <p><meta charset="UTF-8" /></p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{02fe1fcb-6ee4-4503-ae22-cd784ca8fcee}{141}" paraid="5664734">Donald Trump’s re-election as US president, amid high-intensity war raging in Europe, appears to have jolted the languishing debate over the future of European defence. But it will take more than increased spending to make EU and NATO militaries war-ready.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{02fe1fcb-6ee4-4503-ae22-cd784ca8fcee}{161}" paraid="1199272765">As of this year, 23 of NATO’s 32 members met the internal target of spending 2% of their GDP on national defence. European members of the Euro-Atlantic alliance have allocated a total of $476 billion to their defence ministries in 2024 — in absolute numbers, led by Germany ($97 billion), the United Kingdom ($82 billion), France ($64 billion) and Poland ($34 billion).</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{02fe1fcb-6ee4-4503-ae22-cd784ca8fcee}{189}" paraid="542079317">While NATO-Europe's average expenditure made it across the 2% of GDP line, <a href="https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2024/2/pdf/FACTSHEET-NATO-defence-spending-en.pdf">it trails</a> US spending of nearly 3.4%. Some allies, such as Italy and Spain, are still <a href="https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2024/6/pdf/240617-def-exp-2024-en.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">failing to meet the decade-old benchmark</a>.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{02fe1fcb-6ee4-4503-ae22-cd784ca8fcee}{210}" paraid="1755648452">“Defence and security will need to be more on the front line of the political agenda in many countries, and leaders will need to explain why it’s important to spend more on defence," Juraj Majcin, a policy analyst at the European Policy Centre in Brussels, told <em>The Parliament.</em></p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{02fe1fcb-6ee4-4503-ae22-cd784ca8fcee}{246}" paraid="5664738">On paper, the alliance has never been better prepared for an increasingly aggressive Moscow, which it was founded to confront in the Cold War. Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, NATO has sent more troops to eastern Europe and developed the New Force Model, which foresees deploying more than 100,000 troops within ten days — twice as many as before the war and five days faster.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{02fe1fcb-6ee4-4503-ae22-cd784ca8fcee}{246}" paraid="5664738">A Baltic Defence Line is under construction along the Russian and Belarusian borders to Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, with engineers installing mines, dragon’s teeth, and more than a thousand bunkers. </p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{47}" paraid="210613231">Meanwhile, Russia's war-fighting capacity looks to be under strain, as its forces replace heavy losses in Ukraine <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/23/north-korean-soldiers-killed-wounded-ukraine-war-south-korea">with North Korean troops</a>. The ruble plummeted last month to its lowest value in over two years, and <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/19/putin-admits-russian-inflation-is-alarming-and-economy-overheating.html">inflation is soaring</a>. </p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{65}" paraid="1664742771">Part of that inflation is thanks to Russia's shift to a wartime economy, which has the state pumping huge amounts of money into its military-industrial complex. Around 32.5% of the 2025 national budget is <a href="https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/12/01/russian-defence-spending-rises-to-a-record-high-a-third-of-the-budget">going to military expenditure</a>, though due to the stunted size of the Russian economy, that still amounts to around one-quarter of NATO-Europe spending.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{65}" paraid="1664742771">Given Trump's mixed record on support for Ukraine, and a cosier connection to President Vladimir Putin, the EU faces the prospect of having to step up weapons supply and other backing for Ukraine on its own. It has already struggled to fulfil current commitments.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{111}" paraid="5664743">Ukraine aside, European countries are looking to bolster military capabilities of their own. European Commission President Ursula Von der Leyen said earlier this year that the EU would require €500 billion in defence investments over the next decade. That will take some convincing.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{111}" paraid="5664743">In Germany, €100 billion in special defence funds will be drained within a couple of years, and the government has collapsed foremost over disagreements about public spending and borrowing. Poland’s defence budget, which is NATO's highest as a percentage of GDP, has diverted resources from social programs. It is one of the countries that the European Commission has launched a <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/10/10/poland-sets-out-plan-to-bring-deficit-below-eus-3-limit/">deficit infringement procedure</a> against.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{111}" paraid="5664743">“The €500 billion worries a lot of countries and not every country can manage this,” says Majcin. </p> <h2 data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{181}" paraid="5664744">Industrial fragmentation </h2> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{181}" paraid="5664744">There are worries, too, about how effectively that money could be spent. Like most industries, the defence sector is a national one, and EU member states order weapons and ammunition independently of each other. This has caused a fragmented market. Lacking consistency and economies of scale, the process makes procurement slower and more expensive.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{219}" paraid="5664745">“Manufacturers of military equipment can’t produce more from one day to the next; this will be a process of years,” Dick Zandee, a senior research fellow at the Clingendael Institute in the Netherlands, told <em>The Parliament</em>. “Saying that production should be scaled up is a very easy political statement, but in reality it requires expanding infrastructure and hiring more workers who are specially trained.” </p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{241}" paraid="5664746">Facing long waiting lists for domestically produced kit, Europeans have started shopping abroad: In the 15 months following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the EU sourced <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/b7c7e0f2-00be-4b04-b6b4-098ed2985b8d?utm_source=chatgpt.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">78% of its military purchases</a> from third countries – meaning the bloc's economies haven’t benefited from increased defence spending.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{d201a3e6-46cc-49b9-8008-387009cfc147}{241}" paraid="5664746">“Asking for more investments in defence from European countries suits Trump because the buyers are coming his way,” says Tom Sauer, a professor of international politics at the University of Antwerp, told <em>The Parliament</em>. “He’s thinking of his base, his voters, who want jobs and a good economy.” </p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{75}" paraid="5664749">The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) <a href="https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/military-balance/2024/10/europes-defence-procurement-since-2022-a-reassessment/?utm_source=chatgpt.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">estimates</a> that, from February 2022 to September this year, Europe has spent at least $61 billion on military hardware from the US. Another <a href="https://ceias.eu/south-koreas-defence-industry-finds-opportunity-in-europes-insecurity/?utm_source=chatgpt.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">$8.4 billion</a> worth of contracts have gone to South Korea.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{75}" paraid="5664749">“The more dependent Europeans are on non-EU suppliers, the harder it becomes to improve critical production mass in Europe,” Daniel Fiott, a professor at the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy in Brussels, told <em>The Parliament.</em></p> <h2 data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{119}" paraid="1110001291">Operational concerns</h2> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{129}" paraid="5664751">One benefit of NATO membership is, in theory, interoperability with other allies. The wide variety of kit deployed makes that difficult, however. Germany, France and Poland — the alliance's major land powers — each operate a different main battle tank.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{153}" paraid="5664752">Germany struck a deal to acquire Israel’s Arrow 3 missile defence system, whose role overlaps with the European Sky Shield Initiative (ESSI), which aims to integrate multiple air-defence systems across 21 nations. The Arrow 3 system, tailored specifically for Germany, may not align seamlessly with the ESSI’s broader framework.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{153}" paraid="5664752">“If EU member states do not radically rationalize how they cooperate on capability development and procurement, they will simply reinforce the structural defects of the European defence market,” says Fiott.  </p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{191}" paraid="5664755">Poland, which in January takes over the six-month rotating presidency of the Council of the EU, has highlighted the need for greater efficiency. Joint defence financing <a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/polands-presidency-of-the-council-of-the-eu-in-2025-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-priorities-and-activities2">will be a key focus</a>.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{225}" paraid="5664756">The European Commission’s European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS) now seeks to reduce fragmentation and dependence on imports. Key goals include increasing intra-EU defence trade to 35% of the market value by 2030, ensuring 50% of procurement comes from European industry, and achieving 40% collaborative defence equipment procurement. </p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" paraeid="{c292562d-e5e5-402b-9f86-1afd5ff8aeda}{251}" paraid="414863325">Making that a reality lands largely on the desk of the newly created European Commissioner for Defence, which is held by former Lithuania Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius. He has pledged to deliver a policy paper on the future of European defence within his first 100 days.</p> <p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px" paraeid="{4385a164-bc3e-4533-b377-5a200731ecad}{52}" paraid="5664759">Until then, Russia’s ongoing military build-up underscores the threat Moscow poses, even after nearly three bloody years of virtual stalemate in eastern Ukraine.</p> <div class="midarticle-ads">  <div id="adsuiteScrollAd"></div> <div class="col--ad col--ad-inArticle"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1608230013890-5'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1608230013890-5'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hide js-newsview-related"> <div class="av-related"> <div class="avr-title"> <span class="avr-cat">Related</span> </div> <div class="news-item news-item--related"> <div class="ni-image"> <a href="/news/article/as-nato-countries-spend-more-on-defence-poland-leads-by-example"> <img class="lazyload" data-src="/siteimg/list-x-four/ugc-1/fullnews/news/24744/24455_original.jpg"> </a> </div> <div class="ni-content"> <div class="ni-meta"> <span class="ni-date">04 Sep</span> <span class="ni-cat"><a href="/foreign-and-security-policy.htm">Foreign & Security Policy</a></span> </div> <div class="ni-title h3"> <a href="/news/article/as-nato-countries-spend-more-on-defence-poland-leads-by-example">As NATO countries spend more on defence, Poland leads by example in the EU</a> </div> <div class="ni-author">by <a href="/news/author/julia-kaiser">Julia Kaiser</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="av-most-recent"> <p>Read the most recent articles written by <b>Arno Van Rensbergen</b> - <a href="/news/article/europe-at-odds-with-us-over-ukraine-and-itself">Europe at odds with US over Ukraine — and itself</a> </p> </div> <div class="av-tags"> <p class="av-tagTitle">Tags</p> <a href="/news/tag.htm?filter=1428">Ukraine</a> <a href="/news/tag.htm?filter=1675">NATO</a> <a href="/news/tag.htm?filter=3470">European defence</a> </div> <div class="av-tags av-tags--categories"> <p class="av-tagTitle">Categories</p> <a href="/foreign-and-security-policy.htm">Foreign & Security Policy</a> </div> </div> <div class="av-rc"> <div class="col-ad">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1608230013890-2' class="peu-ad"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1608230013890-2'); 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