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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Source_rocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Source rocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Source_rocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reservoir_rocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reservoir_rocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Reservoir rocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reservoir_rocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Main plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Importance_as_a_rift_basin_analogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance_as_a_rift_basin_analogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Importance as a rift basin analogue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance_as_a_rift_basin_analogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Continental rift zone that was active between the Late Oligocene and the end of the Miocene</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOS_WWsat.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/GOS_WWsat.PNG/250px-GOS_WWsat.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/GOS_WWsat.PNG/375px-GOS_WWsat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/GOS_WWsat.PNG/500px-GOS_WWsat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of the Gulf of Suez, dark outcrops of the <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabian-Nubian_Shield" title="Arabian-Nubian Shield">Arabian-Nubian Shield</a> and linear rift structures are clearly visible on both sides of the gulf</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Gulf of Suez Rift</b> is a continental <a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">rift</a> zone that was active between the Late <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 28 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a>) and the end of the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> (c. 5 Ma).<sup id="cite_ref-Khalil_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It represented a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Rift" title="Red Sea Rift">Red Sea Rift</a> until break-up occurred in the middle Miocene, with most of the displacement on the newly developed Red Sea <a href="/wiki/Mid-oceanic_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-oceanic ridge">spreading centre</a> being accommodated by the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Transform" title="Dead Sea Transform">Dead Sea Transform</a>. During its brief post-rift history, the deepest part of the remnant rift topography has been filled by the sea, creating the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a>. </p><p>North of the Gulf of Suez the rift becomes indistinct and its exact geometry uncertain, linking eventually to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manzala_rift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manzala rift (page does not exist)">Manzala rift</a> beneath the <a href="/wiki/Nile_delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile delta">Nile delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Huchon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huchon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plate_tectonic_setting">Plate tectonic setting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plate tectonic setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The formation of the Red Sea – Gulf of Suez rift system was caused by the anticlockwise rotation of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian plate</a> with respect to the <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalil_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model is consistent with near orthogonal rifting along the entire length of the rift system. Alternative models that suggest initiation by strike-slip faulting and pull-apart basin development along the axis of the rift have not been supported by detailed studies of the rift geometry.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the Miocene, the Arabian plate began to collide with the Eurasian plate leading to changes in the plate configuration, the development of the Dead Sea Transform and cessation in rifting in the Gulf of Suez.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stratigraphy">Stratigraphy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Stratigraphy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOSRift_Strat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/GOSRift_Strat.png/340px-GOSRift_Strat.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="481" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/GOSRift_Strat.png/510px-GOSRift_Strat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/GOSRift_Strat.png/680px-GOSRift_Strat.png 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3507" /></a><figcaption>Stratigraphy of the Gulf of Suez rift</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basement">Basement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basement consists of Precambrian rocks of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian-Nubian_Shield" title="Arabian-Nubian Shield">Arabian-Nubian Shield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneisses</a>, volcanics and <a href="/wiki/Metasediment" class="mw-redirect" title="Metasediment">metasediments</a> are intruded by <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">granodiorites</a> and a suite of <a href="/wiki/Dolerite" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolerite">dolerite</a> <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">dykes</a>. These rocks contain shear zones, such as the Rehba Shear Zone of western Sinai, that are interpreted to have partly controlled the orientation and location of rift structures.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Younes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Younes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palaeozoic">Palaeozoic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Palaeozoic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cambrian rocks of Araba and Naqus Formations occur throughout the region above a planar <a href="/wiki/Unconformity" title="Unconformity">unconformity</a>, a result of <a href="/wiki/Peneplain" title="Peneplain">peneplaination</a>. These red and white <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> units have a combined thickness of about 500 m. They were deposited in a continental environment except in the northeastern part of the gulf where they become marine.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next preserved sequence is the Umm Bogma or Abu Durba Formations of lower <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> age, which sit apparently conformably on the Cambrian, although the base represents a hiatus of about 150 Ma. The Umm Bogma Formation is <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomitic</a>, while the stratigraphically equivalent Abur Durba Formation consists of black <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a>. These sequences then pass up into the sandstones of the Abu Thora Formation. In the northern Gulf, at Wadi Araba, the early Carboniferous is overlain by upper Carboniferous of the Rod e Hamal, Abu Darag and Ahmeir Formations.<sup id="cite_ref-Tawadros_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tawadros-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southern Gulf the Carboniferous strata are capped by <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">volcanics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mesozoic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Qiseib Formation is found throughout the Gulf varying in thickness between 8 m and 300 m. It is thought to be mainly <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> in age, although it is considered to include Permian strata near its base near Wadi Araba.<sup id="cite_ref-Tawadros_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tawadros-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Qiseib Formation consists of sandstones, <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">conglomeratic</a> at the base with an overall fining upward trend. </p><p>The Qiseib Formation is overlain by the sandstones of the Malha Formation of upper <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> to lower <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> age. These sandstones are up to 400 m in thickness, form an important reservoir in the Gulf of Suez and are known informally as the 'Nubian' sandstone. </p><p>The upper Cretaceous sequence consists of shallow marine deposits that generally thicken northwards. The <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> Raha Formation, a sequence of interbedded shales limestones and sandstone, is succeeded by limestones of the <a href="/wiki/Turonian" title="Turonian">Turonian</a> Wata Formation. This is overlain by sandstones and shales of the <a href="/wiki/Coniacian" title="Coniacian">Coniacian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Santonian" title="Santonian">Santonian</a> age Matullah Formation. The central and northern parts of the gulf were locally affected by a phase of <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(geology)" title="Inversion (geology)">inversion</a> at the end of the Santonian. Structures such as Wadi Araba became uplifted at this time giving rise to folding and local erosion of pre-<a href="/wiki/Campanian" title="Campanian">Campanian</a> strata.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Campanian Duwi Formation, known as the Brown Limestone, was deposited throughout the gulf apart from the uplifted area of the North Galala plateau and Wadi Araba where it is replaced by chalk of the Thelmet Formation. These pass up into Sudr Formation chalks of <a href="/wiki/Maastrichtian" title="Maastrichtian">Maastrichtian</a> age. On the southern margin of the uplifted Wadi Araba, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonate_ramp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonate ramp (page does not exist)">carbonate ramp</a> sequence was formed during the Campanian/Maastrichtian, continuing into the <a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuss_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuss-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cenozoic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rocks of <a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene</a> age are represented by the Esna Shale Formation which overlies the Sudr Formation. This is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> age limestones of either the Thebes or Waseiyit Formations. Together with the middle to late Eocene Mokattam Formation this sequence reaches a combined maximum thickness of 500 m. These limestones are followed by continental to locally shallow marine red sandstones of the Tayiba Formation, which represent the last of the pre-rift deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The continental sandstones and siltstones of the Abu Zenima Formation represent the earliest syn-rift deposits of late Oligocene (<a href="/wiki/Chattian" title="Chattian">Chattian</a>) to early Miocene (<a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_(stage)" title="Aquitanian (stage)">Aquitanian</a>) age. Locally the Abu Zenima Formation is capped by <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalts</a>. The lower Miocene age conglomerates, sandstones and <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marls</a> of the Nukhul Formation were deposited in shallow marine conditions as the sea began to flood the developing rift. The Nukhul Formation overlies the Abu Zenima Formation in some place but elsewhere is probably age equivalent, reflecting a <a href="/wiki/Diachronous" class="mw-redirect" title="Diachronous">diachronous</a> change to marine conditions within the rift.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The deepening of the rift is recorded by the lower Miocene Rudeis Formation. The lower part, consisting of marls and sandstones, is overlain by coarse sandstones and conglomerates reflecting a rapid increase in rift topography at that time. The Kareem Formation saw the first development of <a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">evaporites</a>, indicating basin restriction, followed by open marine shales, as coarse clastic deposition began to reduce in the middle Miocene. Shales, <a href="/wiki/Anhydrite" title="Anhydrite">anhydrite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halite" title="Halite">halite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reefal</a> limestones of the uppermost middle Miocene Belayim lie unconformably on the Kareem. More restricted basin conditions continued with the upper Miocene South Gharib and Zeit Formations with deposition of halite with some anhydrite and mudstone, representing the last syn-rift deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pliocene–Recent postrift sequence reaches up to 2000 m in thickness in the southern part of the rift and is formed of interbedded sandstones, limestones and evaporites.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulf_of_Suez_Rift01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gulf_of_Suez_Rift01.jpg/400px-Gulf_of_Suez_Rift01.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gulf_of_Suez_Rift01.jpg/600px-Gulf_of_Suez_Rift01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Gulf_of_Suez_Rift01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption> Generalised structural cross-section through the Gulf of Suez, just south of the Morgan Accommodation Zone. PZ-LK = <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> to lower <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> Nubia (reservoir rock); UK-EO = Upper Cretaceous to <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> pre-rift carbonate (source rock); N, R, K, and B = syn- and post-rift Nukhul, Rudeis, Kareem and Belayim formation (sources, reservoirs, seals and overburden); SG = South Gharib salt (seal and overburden); Z=Zeit (seals and overburden); and PP = <a href="/wiki/Plio-Pleistocene" title="Plio-Pleistocene">Plio-Pleistocene</a> (overburden) </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-rift">Pre-rift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pre-rift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Late Cretaceous to Eocene, the area now occupied by the rift was a shallow sea depositing <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonate rocks">carbonates</a>. This period was mainly quiet tectonically but the northern part of the gulf region was affected by periodic far-field effects of the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">Alpine orogeny</a>. A series of WSW-ENE trending extensional basins were inverted, creating isolated uplifted and folded areas known as <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arc" title="Syrian Arc">Syrian Arc</a> structures. These structures were mainly active during the Late Santonian but there is evidence of further movements on the same structures at the end of the Cretaceous and during the Paleogene.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rifting">Rifting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rifting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifting began along the whole of the Red Sea -Gulf of Suez rift system during the Late Oligocene. In the Gulf of Suez rift, the rifting culminated during the <a href="/wiki/Burdigalian" title="Burdigalian">Burdigalian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stage_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage (geology)">stage</a> (late Early Miocene, c. 18 Ma). In the Middle Miocene break-up occurred along the whole length of the Red Sea rift with seafloor spreading beginning in the Late Miocene. This break-up was associated with a gradual reduction in the rate of rifting along the Gulf of Suez with most activity stopping by the beginning of the Pliocene.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-rift">Post-rift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-rift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the end of the Miocene the area of the Gulf of Suez rift has begun to experience post-rift <a href="/wiki/Thermal_subsidence" title="Thermal subsidence">thermal subsidence</a> accompanied by flooding of the topographically lowest parts of the rift.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geometry">Geometry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geometry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GulfofSuezRift.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GulfofSuezRift.png/250px-GulfofSuezRift.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GulfofSuezRift.png/375px-GulfofSuezRift.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GulfofSuezRift.png/500px-GulfofSuezRift.png 2x" data-file-width="2217" data-file-height="2885" /></a><figcaption>Structural map of the Gulf of Suez rift</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gulf of Suez rift is strongly segmented along its length with <a href="/wiki/Half-grabens" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-grabens">half-grabens</a> of alternating polarity. The changes in fault polarity and position from segment to segment are taken up by broad accommodation zones.<sup id="cite_ref-Younes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Younes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaafarana_accommodation_zone">Zaafarana accommodation zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Zaafarana accommodation zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This zone, also known as the <i>Galala-Abu Zenima Accommodation Zone</i>, marks a change in fault polarity from NE-dipping in the Darag Basin to the north to SE-dipping to the south in the Belayim province. It coincides with the location of the Cretaceous inversion structure, the Wadi Araba anticline. It has been suggested that the presence of this structure acted as a barrier to northward propagation of the rift. Its location may also be partly controlled by the Rehba Shear Zone in the underlying basement.<sup id="cite_ref-Younes_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Younes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morgan_accommodation_zone">Morgan accommodation zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Morgan accommodation zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Morgan accommodation zone marks a switch in fault polarity from NE-dipping to the north to SW-dipping to the south in the Amal-Zeit province. It also coincides with a marked southward widening of the rift zone. There is no earlier structure known that influenced the location of this accommodation zone.<sup id="cite_ref-Younes_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Younes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_importance">Economic importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economic importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 120 <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> fields and discoveries have been reported from the Gulf of Suez rift with a variety of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_play" title="Petroleum play">petroleum plays</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Source_rocks">Source rocks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Source rocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main <a href="/wiki/Source_rock" title="Source rock">source rock</a> in the Gulf of Suez is the Campanian age Brown Limestone or Duwi Member of the Sudr Formation. This unit is typically 25–70 m thick and is distributed from the southern end of the gulf as far north as Wadi Araba. It contains mainly type II <a href="/wiki/Kerogen" title="Kerogen">kerogen</a> and has an average <a href="/wiki/Total_organic_carbon" title="Total organic carbon">Total organic carbon</a> content (TOC) of 2.6 wt% with some samples measuring up to 21 wt%.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southern part of the gulf, the Miocene source intervals become important as higher geothermal gradients cause parts of the syn-rift sequence to reach maturity. Marine <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Miocene" title="Middle Miocene">middle Miocene</a> Magna Formation is the most important of these younger source rocks with a TOC ranging from 1–2 wt %. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reservoir_rocks">Reservoir rocks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reservoir rocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best quality reservoir in the Gulf of Suez is the mainly Lower Cretaceous Malha Formation, sometimes known as the 'Nubia' or 'Nubian A'. This pre-rift sequence is present throughout the gulf, and has porosities in the range 13–29% with permeabilities varying from 70 to 400 <a href="/wiki/Millidarcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Millidarcy">md</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alsharhan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alsharhan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_plays">Main plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Main plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dominant play type in the Gulf of Suez is tilted fault blocks with pre-rift Early Cretaceous sands sealed by syn-rift sequences and source from the Duwi limestone. Additional discoveries have been made in a wide range of structural, stratigraphic and combined play types.<sup id="cite_ref-Alsharhan_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alsharhan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Importance_as_a_rift_basin_analogue">Importance as a rift basin analogue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Importance as a rift basin analogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gulf of Suez rift has been intensively studied by academic groups and by companies as analogue for rift basins in general. This is due to the generally good exposure within the onshore part of the rift coupled with the availability of <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_exploration" title="Hydrocarbon exploration">hydrocarbon exploration</a> wells and seismic reflection datasets within the gulf itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Suez" title="Isthmus of Suez">Isthmus of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Khalil-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khalil_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalil_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhalilMcClay_K.R.2001" class="citation book cs1">Khalil, S.M.; McClay K.R. (2001). "Tectonic evolution of the NW Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rift system". In Wilson, R.C.L.; Whitmarsh, R.B.; Taylor, B.; Froitzheim, N. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bsvkxVBTasC"><i>Non-Volcanic Rifting of Continental Margins: A Comparison of Evidence from Land and Sea</i></a>. Special Publication. Vol. 187. Geological Society of London. pp. 453–473. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86239-091-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86239-091-1"><bdi>978-1-86239-091-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tectonic+evolution+of+the+NW+Red+Sea-Gulf+of+Suez+rift+system&rft.btitle=Non-Volcanic+Rifting+of+Continental+Margins%3A+A+Comparison+of+Evidence+from+Land+and+Sea&rft.series=Special+Publication&rft.pages=453-473&rft.pub=Geological+Society+of+London&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-86239-091-1&rft.aulast=Khalil&rft.aufirst=S.M.&rft.au=McClay+K.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-bsvkxVBTasC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huchon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huchon_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworthHuchonMcClay2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bosworth, W.; Huchon, P.; McClay, K.R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818154407/http://ipac.kacst.edu.sa/eDoc/2007/169232_1.pdf">"The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Basins"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of African Earth Sciences</i>. <b>43</b> (1–3): 334–378. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JAfES..43..334B">2005JAfES..43..334B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jafrearsci.2005.07.020">10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.020</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipac.kacst.edu.sa/eDoc/2007/169232_1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Red+Sea+and+Gulf+of+Aden+Basins&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=334-378&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jafrearsci.2005.07.020&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JAfES..43..334B&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Huchon%2C+P.&rft.au=McClay%2C+K.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fipac.kacst.edu.sa%2FeDoc%2F2007%2F169232_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosworth-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworthMcClay_K.R.2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Bosworth, W.; McClay K.R. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utdallas.edu/~rjstern/egypt/PDFs/Cenozoic%20Red%20Sea/Bosworth&McClay01.pdf">"18 Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Gulf of Suez Rift, Egypt: a synthesis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Ziegler P.A.; Cavazza W.; Robertson A.H.F.; Crasquin-Soleau (eds.). <i>Peri-Tethyan Rift/Wrench Basins and Passive Margins</i>. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Vol. Peri-Tethys Memoir 6. Paris. pp. 567–606<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=18+Structural+and+stratigraphic+evolution+of+the+Gulf+of+Suez+Rift%2C+Egypt%3A+a+synthesis&rft.btitle=Peri-Tethyan+Rift%2FWrench+Basins+and+Passive+Margins&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Mem.+Mus.+natn.+Hist.+nat.&rft.pages=567-606&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=McClay+K.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F~rjstern%2Fegypt%2FPDFs%2FCenozoic%2520Red%2520Sea%2FBosworth%26McClay01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Younes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Younes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Younes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Younes_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Younes_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounesMcClay_K.2002" class="citation journal cs1">Younes, A.I.; McClay K. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/6/1003">"Development of Accommodation Zones in the Gulf of Suez-Red Sea Rift, Egypt"</a>. <i>AAPG Bulletin</i>. <b>86</b> (6): 1003–1026. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1306%2F61EEDC10-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D">10.1306/61EEDC10-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Development+of+Accommodation+Zones+in+the+Gulf+of+Suez-Red+Sea+Rift%2C+Egypt&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1003-1026&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1306%2F61EEDC10-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D&rft.aulast=Younes&rft.aufirst=A.I.&rft.au=McClay+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faapgbull.geoscienceworld.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F86%2F6%2F1003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tawadros-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tawadros_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tawadros_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTawadrosEzzat_Tawadros2000" class="citation book cs1">Tawadros, Edward; Ezzat Tawadros (2 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wBXdka5y9KwC"><i>Geology of Egypt and Libya</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 500. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5809-331-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5809-331-8"><bdi>978-90-5809-331-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/7/633">"Late Cretaceous (c. 84 Ma) compressive deformation of the stable platform of northeast Africa (Egypt): Far-field stress effects of the "Santonian event" and origin of the Syrian arc deformation belt"</a>. <i>Geology</i>. <b>27</b> (7): 633–636. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Geo....27..633B">1999Geo....27..633B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281999%29027%3C0633%3ALCCMCD%3E2.3.CO%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0633:LCCMCD>2.3.CO;2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Late+Cretaceous+%28c.+84+Ma%29+compressive+deformation+of+the+stable+platform+of+northeast+Africa+%28Egypt%29%3A+Far-field+stress+effects+of+the+%22Santonian+event%22+and+origin+of+the+Syrian+arc+deformation+belt&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=633-636&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0091-7613%281999%29027%3C0633%3ALCCMCD%3E2.3.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Geo....27..633B&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Guiraud%2C+R.&rft.au=Kessler+II%2C+L.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeology.geoscienceworld.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F7%2F633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kuss-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kuss_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKussScheibnerGietl2000" class="citation journal cs1">Kuss, J.; Scheibner, C.; Gietl, R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.uni-bremen.de/geochronologie/PDF/Kuss,%20GA.pdf">"Carbonate Platform to Basin Transition along an Upper Cretaceous to Lower Tertiary Syrian Arc Uplift, Galala Plateaus, Eastern Desert of Egypt"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>GeoArabia</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 405–424. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000GeoAr...5..405K">2000GeoAr...5..405K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2113%2Fgeoarabia0503405">10.2113/geoarabia0503405</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128180958">128180958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GeoArabia&rft.atitle=Carbonate+Platform+to+Basin+Transition+along+an+Upper+Cretaceous+to+Lower+Tertiary+Syrian+Arc+Uplift%2C+Galala+Plateaus%2C+Eastern+Desert+of+Egypt&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=405-424&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128180958%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2113%2Fgeoarabia0503405&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000GeoAr...5..405K&rft.aulast=Kuss&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Scheibner%2C+C.&rft.au=Gietl%2C+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geo.uni-bremen.de%2Fgeochronologie%2FPDF%2FKuss%2C%2520GA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosworth3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth3_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1995" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, W. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/80/1/75">"A high-strain rift model for the southern Gulf of Suez (Egypt)"</a>. <i>Rift Structure: Models and Observations</i>. Special Publications. Vol. 80. London: Geological Society. pp. 75–102<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+high-strain+rift+model+for+the+southern+Gulf+of+Suez+%28Egypt%29&rft.btitle=Rift+Structure%3A+Models+and+Observations&rft.place=London&rft.series=Special+Publications&rft.pages=75-102&rft.pub=Geological+Society&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsp.lyellcollection.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F80%2F1%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF99-50A/source.html#Other%20Source">"Source Rock"</a>. <i>USGS Open File Report 99-50-A The Red Sea Basin Province: Sudr-Nubia(!) and Maqna(!) Petroleum Systems</i>. 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USGS+Open+File+Report+99-50-A+The+Red+Sea+Basin+Province%3A+Sudr-Nubia%28%21%29+and+Maqna%28%21%29+Petroleum+Systems&rft.atitle=Source+Rock&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F1999%2Fofr-99-0050%2FOF99-50A%2Fsource.html%23Other%2520Source&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alsharhan-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alsharhan_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alsharhan_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsharhan2003" class="citation journal cs1">Alsharhan, A.S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714070027/http://www.megeuae.com/SharhanPDFpubs/Petroleum-Geology-Gulf-Suez/Petroleum-Geology.pdf">"Petroleum geology and potential hydrocarbon plays in the Gulf of Suez rift basin, Egypt"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AAPG Bulletin</i>. <b>87</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1306%2F062002870143">10.1306/062002870143</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megeuae.com/SharhanPDFpubs/Petroleum-Geology-Gulf-Suez/Petroleum-Geology.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Petroleum+geology+and+potential+hydrocarbon+plays+in+the+Gulf+of+Suez+rift+basin%2C+Egypt&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1306%2F062002870143&rft.aulast=Alsharhan&rft.aufirst=A.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.megeuae.com%2FSharhanPDFpubs%2FPetroleum-Geology-Gulf-Suez%2FPetroleum-Geology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+Suez+Rift" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Suez_Rift&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF99-50A/index.html#TOP">USGS Open-File Report OF99-50-A The Red Sea Basin Province: Sudr-Nubia(!) and Maqna(!) 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template talk:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_African_geological_formations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major African geological formations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major plates: <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a></li> <li>Minor plates: <a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a></li> <li>Microplates: <a href="/wiki/Lwandle_plate" title="Lwandle plate">Lwandle plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_plate" title="Madagascar plate">Madagascar plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovuma_plate" title="Rovuma plate">Rovuma plate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles plate (page does not exist)">Seychelles plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Microplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Microplate">Victoria Microplate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">Cratons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shield_(geology)" title="Shield (geology)">shields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian-Nubian_Shield" title="Arabian-Nubian Shield">Arabian-Nubian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Metacraton" title="Saharan Metacraton">Saharan Metacraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Craton" title="Tanzania Craton">Tanzania Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_Shield" title="Tuareg Shield">Tuareg Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Craton" title="West African Craton">West African Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Craton" title="Zimbabwe Craton">Zimbabwe Craton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shear_zone" title="Shear zone">Shear zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aswa_Dislocation" title="Aswa Dislocation">Aswa Dislocation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broodkop_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broodkop Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Broodkop Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Shear_Zone" title="Central African Shear Zone">Central African Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuan_Shear_Zones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuan Shear Zones (page does not exist)">Chuan Shear Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foumban_Shear_Zone" title="Foumban Shear Zone">Foumban Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandi_Fault_Zone" title="Kandi Fault Zone">Kandi Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwembeshi_Shear_Zone" title="Mwembeshi Shear Zone">Mwembeshi Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Todi_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Todi Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Todi Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Meseta_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Meseta Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Western Meseta Shear Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Orogen">Orogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">Alpine Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fold_Belt" title="Cape Fold Belt">Cape Fold Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damara_orogeny" title="Damara orogeny">Damara Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Orogeny" title="East African Orogeny">East African Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburnean_orogeny" title="Eburnean orogeny">Eburnean Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwanide_orogeny" title="Gondwanide orogeny">Gondwanide Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibaran_orogeny" title="Kibaran orogeny">Kibaran Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuunga_orogeny" title="Kuunga orogeny">Kuunga Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanide_Belt" title="Mauritanide Belt">Mauritanide Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_orogeny" title="Pan-African orogeny">Pan-African orogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis_Orogen" title="Terra Australis Orogen">Terra Australis Orogen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">Rifts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_Triangle" title="Afar Triangle">Afar Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anza_trough" title="Anza trough">Anza trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahr_el_Arab_rift" title="Bahr el Arab rift">Bahr el Arab rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benue_Trough" title="Benue Trough">Benue Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_rift" title="Blue Nile rift">Blue Nile rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gulf of Suez Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamu_Embayment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamu Embayment (page does not exist)">Lamu Embayment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melut_Basin" title="Melut Basin">Melut Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muglad_Basin" title="Muglad Basin">Muglad Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Rift" title="Red Sea Rift">Red Sea Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangha_aulacogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangha aulacogen (page does not exist)">Sangha Aulacogen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atbara_rift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atbara rift (page does not exist)">Atbara rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urema_Valley" title="Urema Valley">Urema Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_and_Central_African_Rift_System" title="West and Central African Rift System">West and Central African Rift System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nile_rift" title="White Nile rift">White Nile rift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">Sedimentary basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola_Basin" title="Angola Basin">Angola Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aoukar" title="Aoukar">Aoukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_Basin" title="Blue Nile Basin">Blue Nile Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin" title="Chad Basin">Chad Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Basin" title="Congo Basin">Congo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douala_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douala Basin (page does not exist)">Douala Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Djouf" title="El Djouf">El Djouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Karoo Basin">Karoo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabon Basin (page does not exist)">Gabon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iullemmeden_Basin" title="Iullemmeden Basin">Iullemmeden Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kufra_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kufra Basin (page does not exist)">Kufra Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzuq_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Murzuq Basin">Murzuq Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger Delta Basin">Niger Delta Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_Basin" title="Ogaden Basin">Ogaden Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_River_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange River Basin (page does not exist)">Orange River Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouled_Abdoun_Basin" title="Ouled Abdoun Basin">Ouled Abdoun Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owambo_Basin" title="Owambo Basin">Owambo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reggane_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reggane Basin (page does not exist)">Reggane Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_del_Rey_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio del Rey Basin">Rio del Rey Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Basin" title="Sirte Basin">Sirte Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somali Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Somali Coastal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoudeni_Basin" title="Taoudeni Basin">Taoudeni Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzania_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzania Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Tanzania Coastal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindouf_Basin" title="Tindouf Basin">Tindouf Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_Basin" title="Turkana Basin">Turkana Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Mountain ranges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFr_Mountains" title="Aïr Mountains">Aïr Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambouk_Mountains" title="Bambouk Mountains">Bambouk Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Niger)" title="Blue Mountains (Niger)">Blue Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_line" title="Cameroon line">Cameroon line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pangean_Mountains" title="Central Pangean Mountains">Central Pangean Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaillu_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaillu Mountains">Chaillu Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakensberg" title="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arc_Mountains" title="Eastern Arc Mountains">Eastern Arc Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rift_mountains" title="Eastern Rift mountains">Eastern Rift mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands" title="Ethiopian Highlands">Ethiopian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Escarpment,_Southern_Africa" title="Great Escarpment, Southern Africa">Great Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Karas_Mountains" title="Great Karas Mountains">Great Karas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Highlands" title="Guinea Highlands">Guinea Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoggar_Mountains" title="Hoggar Mountains">Hoggar Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatong_Mountains" title="Imatong Mountains">Imatong Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Uweinat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Uweinat">Jebel Uweinat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Mountains" title="Loma Mountains">Loma Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_Mountains" title="Mandara Mountains">Mandara Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrah_Mountains" title="Marrah Mountains">Marrah Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitumba_Mountains" title="Mitumba Mountains">Mitumba Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwenzori_Mountains" title="Rwenzori Mountains">Rwenzori Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankwala_Mountains" title="Sankwala Mountains">Sankwala Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Leba" title="Serra da Leba">Serra da Leba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Chela" title="Serra da Chela">Serra da Chela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teffedest_Mountains" title="Teffedest Mountains">Teffedest Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibesti_Mountains" title="Tibesti Mountains">Tibesti Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselbergs</a> (aka koppie)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Atlas" title="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gorongosa" title="Mount Gorongosa">Mount Gorongosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugurtha_Tableland" title="Jugurtha Tableland">Jugurtha Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mabu" title="Mount Mabu">Mount Mabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulanje_Massif" title="Mulanje Massif">Mulanje Massif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Ni%C3%A9nokou%C3%A9" title="Mont Niénokoué">Mont Niénokoué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wase_Rock" title="Wase Rock">Wase Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuma_Rock" title="Zuma Rock">Zuma Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inselbergs" title="List of inselbergs">List of inselbergs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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