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jnvcFBL1duV2bKg1OVQGOHOTY92o8/0FzM7uSwmgWrTtJUa2UKb9uAE5RUT48KlCvmCcZBXVveMrAt9G9PBXklmCHZ6gO3Wmktnrc3lcdu74vt+H59Zboi69t255s99cPTNS2cnb0i5cqkVMgODt7XX8aDfc2p6dfzfTD1IH4rU6lsGRxsfz97rtU7PLobPDPEPL6L7kIJ1M8inmUa4EpS3UmKEZkRMOgQReDCKV3XDIi9iyKGYNcJe36Rm7PtSCgCdiXxid4JXA05SVwvWP5KhcTCMFsM0XKEMs4Nhxv+Wb8VLOLrxdESfuE318nD+4qjRfyVv/sK+ct9D0Px9ed/+/zj33wxUSSlBP7ihX9BnrtrqVja0VUsdrUPXXweP3/xT0vFl7qKpC/+Z9+89JXnmeth8eg490OwmUG0rbW1mM96KVfgeB1TThUJoXQGcTzlOQq3RHhKTiKCeYJPQk8eo5NwS3CLa6AClH8gG3Yzlg8qQqCJDdDStb9hNwy/tYbLhf2oXgnXG4LIviFHpwUvmbz+6M4HIk48k1q8HQ83a+M4cxCbT4sfPX566965xM65mcGbRu/+0n9/5D/l6Cl8eIGTrav7aRJ751pTYxceldPR1Y/uCPbdOiR3bx1JH/l3Lz+xB/vr9Qq3j7yFLPCupVYBQ6CFGEIoOctiwFkQAUa7mSQW4Zbwgl1thDiGQqxaA7sV+IZgGcQ0GAkgkUoYC16B4NcKZwv4NVLLvr03W5sMaPTLWqA9FMhqCfKgpLRrBTgryzfuyVVwjbzNce0hTWOyBl//CvkW+gSqt6qt0XqlCFJD7HIQOcsxzRHQWQBLwlkR8/zRq4/ec/fFOxd37dzeX/pARWKhv4nHcIXZOLiLMIAhGgYPkeRZ9GeAhxT8Bt3EhTDvhB0APwB/oGETT2LmYyZJ3WnU18aYxHWGFUIArYio07ADY7HhwMOLAnMygJ4y4GkoO88qmEcBl0OULlVWdFcRUmZMcTRBVzQuPyLykqJoipig2BCCKVGfHd8ew67jSDIBdQJEEwNspHJBPDAga5phurITSxmynQp4pkAzljcqkYiiE0FUqKLN3FyNxUOuY8VsYdMcFwsmAmGdkwKbEvltVxZ6Vw+EOUUg1yTAnGD5RKBOMCXsvFmVJFNQQEnP2eZ8QtUVPhGkgizzwYgoOqmSEg4HnT4LC5LGRUjzSDgW02zQdBiEk2RB7BrtKk9rJGUmApIObWR142o4LcHl8+ouzjODlKtMGRFOas2OPPTtQSkVYcsqgJ49Sb9KS6Bl3agIeGUQ1dDV1h/BQspI5iEcSaqiSsppBysBVQmcRAFDDRgnKca6BjHoNBJsLPOCfJALgtKqElKXLWyYWMeGfhBp4Ep2Ik0jexDRyHw6lUhgVKtWhgYHyv19vQBwsqliupjoTnQnu2LRCFvVIMwjSwKK43iId3pxxVflXhxONxiythjOBqyfDlVDOYaCOiHAce10IR0GFsC+9HCyvz+54N24Kb4z3d+fXvaI4d14E//gxqvhVLovlbqFNAbaib9+7LFXH3uM1Mqp9pPd5U99qj+Fz6T7L9x//4U/b/8cZ9uXU70p+LTn37w/k8mAvIiP7/7Ox3ciGmqVETNJRE/zmDKmctL3nVwHwHGABjmRE4FFMNgmrME2m1307yT824/j37VV/L/Y7zovOUF/BGMPo6Poj1GrNXEJxtxdB1jdDe4LUWb/TB9PA86kHHgxxJz2SXDa63j7Iw+fPjU22tfr8DDZcJM0KsxSGK6ughFhMLckBkuBcBtmtoPhYzDXkMsPkDKxWAcXrDDs+o3hENpXwVqhMQ/ejhlVIc+a5SpsILDkzlAwSOeTz+RYiM+rpRHNTmbFgb+yvT5y04ZkKe8GkqYRpDFFoFgpjSu9z/eJCTlmOU77LSFWrXd5sloahV5O9N5bSnY2FJ1aUkuebaZKhHd1ETq15HZbzDt9+o/LwkKzSTmlb1zFS8nBlnRhW4HbVIKhZa8mXz1QdnQ5arrWO2hybA+EL8MNCpJLQoc5KZGJBUI2TwRJVokkiZwScF3e2W3TIIsdl6nqRgKujEOG4/CSqo8WHF7R9FSRj+jAtmJUUFRZdyPcPdSVNOFIiKYSKYGD9hFH+Jyep/WsTWKuzMmBoMNt6gurEhv3rkSsqHBrsetrwBE0iMXpVtIC941nwBUgfBaCMTqKUTgUUFECJzhQf94rAMIHAFuHtSThJgVw5YhYwL/V1fZzhlLyYtc+5M02y7bT15rOfOjafe0vKNsVvMNQ6vUducuP4kjJCznZYgxf/d197a8BInznHcCbTM+yaAJiyAl0EX0R/RBfbpmXsSo/j43AyeMHKVDhma3X5R2LrSNIU5GqgS9AcF3gAsC0DayfRjpn6NxJxCkGp5xECm8oPERWyeClk0gSDUk8iUSBirchgRoCBddhgrYx/Kmq8iKSZdBawBv7wGYCZC6+9boCk538x5OZBnMnpxFmc578f58TGeY/OWXr6P/XrRmicPL/6t727WslXvv3f/Hqn718/YUvPPfsP3/82gP3xdyegVJ+IJqz+K5extsadR8ti4ILtgeBDkpJxoMBZxDRA8DsdgKoHzLzfpQDA2ZxMr/enZk6dOtEQdb+fc09Vh9yOrVNAODsEL/XdS2khtZ6F/K1xvBaNoJN5Vf6M4Ev8ScK+TOtNfUnWW/20oW7Rnr6hzVOl5Xlj6YMU1QEtbm48+pfX/rwG89cUe5YutDV/amjS1i548CFruSR5/ryzwaC3XP95Xh8IW0Z3dv6+rz0XEKIBGJawlAoFKKBuK4+ThVeAfojBB2w9I1YUmzPqw7tuhgUTcFSVVGyJZ6oXGDPWCYTifK8rplZLMjZ4ObBLplKvCGbgilxhAu5KUXhYSj968++fL4cHi539+hAv4sld6KogJ3be1pjd6+28MIzg0fGh6ixc+t+WV6BkrJzfHhEnulKZjKtlCM6zdSm9EzaVsO7oorAyRHTFKUIDC2HTUuckzlCuGBQFBRBIMd4PqCZvGjEH9ybSVcHcFAGN2SpQRF72XC0edBWeCypj/K8ourScLpkmZGIKfLEv25dS7gxgkWZxaF3/vc7K9wHwYY9YN2JVnTjBhOcB0Ay+DnHkglorr/vGIEoYOcbTa5RyQJ4ApCepEIXBmCoEwaKGoLbiQaVJgWta1JAvDonAnISiGhzSlCJ8I/g327/WIMsqiYAJ1Kem/7OK6996eEu4/XYzslCzhuPq27Q0RxOofLR6U3EKI+MNCuDgfjS7HwwSqSfNGRdURTKCYIoJxO1lFf5D//zwOKqU1p97rbaTxN3TwKpL0kU4IFLNCofnNqfLKb0/Gh9UDYXF2qagd6Nu1+B++WB8edaHgiOMr8JcREQMfOdLIACNqZHg3bQ9KFw1S5kujGuYjvzs68+8LMHvo33v9H+4i/e+CRO/vrXr5DlG59tX1wb+yj913QPclEJzba25DFBOYBmLuZgDp7jQKoQ5THjEhxEYBbk0WIny8Vx/KIAoDfAz4XD4VK4x+v18hmRj0Ko93OAEBQZ82UpBTBjiza5aqULLAhYUwNgTeb5F0i2NjB8emQbNQbHpkdc/Ay/vHr7AhydX8Kvf+l6jpAXXx0ehBbz5jNacX6s/Q/tr/DLJ26fNZ+Z/SAW/uZG+8VX13NPxyGu3IwMFEEN1GLMaATLSn2gSEGJgOVxlKccfxopSKaKvAwS40XKL8P9MBqBtVkJi6J/awE0N9kcG3UiXjBrO8NVFZwUZteb7kAw4BQu38FdlXq4lhc93xUAmxedsAi1ACBAreqAu+sU6F8ZXJpL3wDm8RfZWi1LR7K19k/vfOFO+LhezAhMP7bF1KIefupCMDtonzsXrGSJdeGpa4PzZa6+aYT8/Xv9am/vvXLlhStXvhvLYymbFbPxqa5LwVqeWOfPB7N161IS3wqtZmu1tbwlWQW9SaINrTqD3EFgUjZIAtAUFniynl72/fV6dheOkyiZzVlWiC2lxZBUFfBmxnI6TjjkZzOYaxy2xnfW5Mf/9m+DUa900/zk8fGpemPa1PFL15yp1YUbn34H7akYztCnuyOW3cx5M/jgGtZ7mr5EPdC5MrqEdrV2HN5RBb7qpVMKrJIEaI/OyBhNIY7whK0Zz3gsBCgBEw4TtnaI7ma5w0U23EIkfP6OW/fkMuFypBzLiUC68HokEBtrXt5327m1QOCGxcZaPPHjgw3fMCvoXMFl/533GmwU637uJlPJFNb6h/NstPfePmAEqkZfGh87cuzSHbf9fkdrYmzl2JvHjoyNt6eO7L1lqJrzBp44dObI4u5KtVrZvXgP4au5fLcAFCOiKhK2Ld2xQ3ZA5CnmLUpDJuW4JAc+VA5BEJeMPsHSArYdjSW7C1FXl+WAGY1pgJ1OXDy2Mjre2Pab45cvHoXS+OjK0X+AwLB3Zfxs+dH+ierQ7j0/2LtrqNouUhp3ggYsu9GlgiRlSdYsOxoMiALH2xyfS4iaOAcXoxt63BtqShHLcO2IFdIg6GOG8U0zY+pr9vYc/RWNoCq6gJ5GL6ONreaxLeCXrr9AWF78E5eiFG3hGHUHJTsNVnYGsQVjtJ0uMk6wUKu9/KfXPlK7ULswWOYZ2QHRrsu9UWck2ZcthFdYOxbtOyfBffvVjArbnlDG/ho16v52Qqdv5814b77pUwC2aj5gEAV/wVi89+sE7LCsnbC2kEnMyNYfXEdDaNTt+loPBvIZEmA64WtF543f7vIGhgpd44q5b2RxbKIxviETDsox0+aIwkctI1ToWRw/vNw/EdJCs11508nIx4jEYX7FCwE8ELKuluCFrfEKkHO7O6BRCgwZCxxQ1o1mRE+O9usmzxMgwJZckyKTobjT7bSbhJsuddvuyvCejQ9qOki61RrJDBU/U4nH8tvVHBXwF8/vi+qYhAVmQR3OTcCICA4kQXh5A98dFBRZ9DZvPTvfbwD3jMVMScDUdjO8NZiAXpxd0t1uY/NieWe/TahA2oMYi7Ro6KKomXtr2d2TB8pWSJcCRiSd7Ell4TKI0Jufaxq6bCS6TDtiu2akMBC+GJvuCUig32SYUmHl+MKOWwshVdQIB9iDXZoYe2h295Wb1SSoZvszjkLN6Patpggogsic7ozHR9WEo4sBgRH/9/uRUbQdraAtrU396Zgd5BEHsRFxwBIZN8WgrJhbhpsCf7cb/vwsHyULN+8YH7t1/46Vm1emt4xtH99eHRLXtLDzXl/eSbxW4x8NrOVa2Nvw922qDFIyCNjxLix1477nWug6SFxzQX5XqoIjk1QrlMyUu0NBRYYIi51IKGmHQSPNBMjMCAV0N+iaZiBxbHp21/Fd2/cBWXzl8vFjY83m2LHjv18vXD536EBjZKRx4NDr6wWypGnJeD7m6ZYqO1bECVumrujBaFe2J52KRYKGGmxl8t3pWMhQRX7r+VS6OvjVU62J0bf+YGi/8PazfzC2X/Bl/zW6H2KLhCYBeuxu3Ty/aYRSttcD6AS8NQu0iChoGVoQXoI4Q5HIUXEZlkPghCUIuR2ugOfOnDp2ZGn/LTu3LzQnhsrFXDYT6lXBiTdqANQd4O+4li9kavUC/LGslrjOuQsZq1pJcmEX8B0sQBPXCiwTzjLzjsgwOvsyi/Y6O41rCRRm1YzeQ1+2lMA8HncTLnzIh/sSr9Sx19B1JxxIElfXXAU+CoBYV09oCXLn3OaTxHSULkUORmbifAinl7fN1le3bNSe7SqVuj7lbEglApobcRMD88X44dE9K4ZDIrEIcfCOrhJO3Z5q1LCxaT4SyNOYo0dVyRBx+0+IIEgc13PAMOVSMZgo6J6MK6FKT9DpzWvaSO+2/TFAWF34SLIUmCsl9anZSCi7bWN1ZPc6p95HVeC0862ZIOZgFUTmrUGrTjNHcgaCKeI5BGgHYj+3GwI93SOw/N48RslEPBZlaW1D6+SesjijvJd7EkHGjQxQ8Ek87G9YhDKhqrWGhBrkpc0HD25ePWveG8tPZTZuXcLnzrV/wuqourzxxhubDmJ80/27upMY38Ev7jp0f/vF5Y0kAtUMx7ffue5fdwC05FBrqYARH8MCIjPsYjmWgAPeQmXpNOBekVN93QHlgdbQCFzRMtw7lTEFHVMUaTeSJGURKZKycOjAnt03LRQKPflcbq/raQzA1TobK4DZmpgHWsl2nplt+hs4jRpjdm54EtfqYUbxROrDBGAPfj+aJA2Wv4WYxAJJwSuTJoUOJDlaz0zVs3j81GIFbyhObytJPD8cM2jX/ur+FTx/ZX5wwcXAfzaBtPFmqgfNVCUbw9/7/NyDyyNkfOmRmXtvE3Q+DFBnw9X5vZ89N8u1Ln7y1u/+Bn9ufMobPzg8OTV/Tmku15M4GUzkBvGp5cWP7snn1G6IEQIV2l8OBCA6Yi6Smip9/nsjyw8++eDBcbKDF+OizpdreOr8Z174zPmp/+HnO9f3Zz2I25PoVkBf97QundmzbbTIm9wtM0SzZls1MONImKV/ZyAiiByHTIszl21sIY23tOUA5nXQkyADKvQDjA/sed+u99JSNrN0aenSxTtvP3dideW2w8v7Fnft3Dq/ZWpiHIJ0ubeUqWarrmU6fLjXSltp/H6G3snYGURYD+LpjJefgEWpsI1dtvXVYPspnZpQ2AEv4A3g0HrdJIYVGu6cY417caja+e+cBz/RqWUbvvRktXLL3tf23lKp3vzEvjiQasxLxXB9or45u+PG7+clTTPVBvxuUU1W/IYkAJNdgJK4VtAuwlmpwdpI8+/+NOjOtyOkZ9f0lh54bZneNX//LZqoCaqVylmKVyhVS3s16WOs6QMwssMK/tHHRIVgaXXJLwvqu+UGTJmB2TrNTC3j4y8IgL8mnwEE/BTAYhvcgMsgD8gMYk0H8ug4vFYHEMmHTiDj/Hqh8w/CxnUfEkMQK+RDtTU0FXI69YIbzjmhJGZ1a3CMRUQ/s7LW3Q+FGWGYdRXrw2XsT2zgmijwnZn8ucIMQ68js7UmnTjLqIQ/pF/qgLGG/yAE04TOMZx3hSHx3eDcuSK/zbs4Ea4pzwudm/TnoWEjCOybmDIF9SFEAJ7eFXFUMEU+CLBCSLrBcBfHEcl2nWAU6GAgFIMONAqWNWQLbLc0QqgZcLHByYB+jfYKLnSHkxxANzscYk0TELn7wzLmCLTUOFmK4ICIKS5FALhQYsDvIoB8d24pNV3c8PmNh8oywZ6pUJp0WSKHkgLhvayrSiKYXFpkBCcRmxxWOMkCWE5CHth23OIIZwSLm4YBxDC3jrVKbrPKuYPZjbmoAlhicuueRnKgcGh6ss/Eb/9eNRUrYGAStAsilrHIy5p0eIinOgHi0D0e2MjzMq/ohndblxnoFnmBN2Fcg+cFTuMgFPEKpwSMq1LO0mKiRAXRhsV8XCAqpq7E7Y8Nm5pu4i2Udqd4DkgIZ1AKtNoI/klA1OSQInOKIT0mAH2jOCzx2zwOhKjAQFJA2UuK7nmBk+QkaDivJFQTpCB/d7kSSXGcDAtuqD8XaZBt34iSqj0QAwIUT1OxLAZdXQTUbFFL0FcnLD0VjmOSAjTI2aqoEiHkzcf7Y1SY6KkzcG0FNV7hNUVJqsF4ts/VeRoIRA1bJkgEX3gb91/8/YZptIouohfRK+htdLl18d+MAxq9nCMy+vu3fvVfn/7Yhx+4/769u7x0QDABp737wI8mEASSRTIEKQXLLFGqnJEwCcAyIoKXVczSI2yvlZv75jfuvnTy+I//8tXvf+fb33jlm69cevHur99x7vjFkxdXbmtNbqj3FHQIuLkOB2l2NHvAHp6kflaRWWdHx22fsw6v5z+T68rfObtGVtZIq+9SwSpYj9rac1YMmnpiNxcSQ4bZoUEdN+u877fuP4RQYE8wdCZiWQ222eETKGaQwP99i4YrZdYW6jCn94iXT4Ubw2WCn+MU0DMtYPICiI0lkghhcF5gJAHUmAARUKhjqnzJtpSgIAlimFcyhkQEKy/SSJRE9wI9EGEWidOUSETRONEQoELTCDGjj0dNQk7hdNCygmnssb9vmA5VBEYnYHQ2D0/YCyApD2ZgBjSm+JwsCpIoCXCSSsGkyysK70ZpNErFvCUQyXhx170tUTq5c98Zt3dooLYvdGpuIRYqnN390NKDIpGC46Mvnu6J1PqnYxYfsa/+x+ZmSTj06W/FJZ7dIti7U5WBTMmW1A2eP6YoqqLCy1PTIQecBxcJ5ROljeFyqoIfwmm7O270YK6/1f+aFIzEh7MbppKaQoiiJUfuaeSH45VaejDR15cYTH85EdsVS/g/eY5zQqrqqqoGQ6cURQ4LAdGUonLfhK1JArtrXorj8aF0OYxTjm5bdjoZ1gnWsQBzcbjHDnfb6SauLI5OfGR0oigFAqqs0K7uicpdd9eGZ49+0I3FN+RyCYWjksoStqJUfXj74k35icW8nzvs4M4JdAAdbd22CxOA8xgtYA4vAXzYDALnZ5AkS2cRy1WyZyzAT2K2twDEkp5ETP78SQRadA7JMKAMkI4XRX432I24iEReXNizu+Tls9mBXK5f8WFcmQ7gMi3UqhV/37tagUgEMYdlGJ0k8U2BPWxYpgBWGYSrNAH0sVQQfEGza431RxkA/kMX0SWPu6lKKbFLcjUB74jk1ZAS02Op1sF6fraZxU5fX/bmqhYsZ7r6kk5KTyQeOdgz3/Jeu7I4N9pb3PHkiXEs9/sHPdufPNHEUh/GiXIyogsOkRRd7tUUW9az0e7BBA56zR6vlnJFR5PUviQOAhnzIrVZ7BRb2/dd6ZebJ564uad3dPZ9ZfTuvtl+qqEcmmpt7LaBYWVBQ5DMrGqGkd2zIE16FvGIPyuwhyjOrqWH8VGG8aORoBlQAVbncE7soHsGmgAsMLnkfYkwyTRBpCC9gghENVwnX5xfXf3oCYx/UJ3eurq6dbr6A7z68aPkxNwMlKAWh088eeLEnKitDEJhcEUT51fJqSdOYSjqULm+t/uf6XlyAryujjIsg53UAwLEOZ+mbHl/GhsdTafCJgXyx3t+Tg5oEHNohSHerTfsOiw0aC8sPG5iV8SnVJmKeJb0t0cCsigfvRdX4xnhQ4KWtG5kI7bufAu/qFicyB7Mor/EG278Oc/JB2Z/rBtJ0htOyVL7dzLDlJgKGJjP+rOeH4O4oKGuVkyTQVERngGlZgDX388CTk4ZdK3azOXaVWxlrGe/PzQ8OPG9p9sffIjubP9o66FblnD+xnfZk7edMc/TX9BZYMK3bb3etWOxFUNr7IwRGPZIjr+L7Wee41uvZ6FF9B+3QOgMa0Xn4i2bPSB89g/Ftm/fv2LPBrPcP9tjz9k5K63gaTxN8PTbffhg2/WLBE/9Hxjzs6Z4nGNgZGBgAOLdL1/9iOe3+crAzfwCKMJw+UmpJYz+//t/MqsscxiQy8HABBIFALVEDskAeJxjYGRgYA76n8XAwCr7//f//6yyDEARFKAMAJPZBiB4nGN+wcDAZA3EbQwMzC8gmCUJiLcyMLDKAulzQBwJxEeAcmuB+CMQX4aqu/z/P0vB/9/Ma4D8/RAxpgyEOWAcCcP//8HNv4UkDhKbCqEB+hwd2QAAAAAAADgA0gFmAdoCgAOyBBoEigTQBb4GVgaEB3gHuAmaChIKQAqkCy4LegxcDZ4OXA8iD34QNhEcErwUXhUUFXIVyBXyFjoAAQAAACMBFAAIAAAAAAACADIAQgBzAAAAqwtwAAAAAHicdZC9bsIwFIVP+KsKUodW6tLFUwWqCD9SGViKhAQ7Utk6OCEkoSFGjkFi7FN06zv0hfoGfYeeBAuhCmLZ+e7xse/1BXCLHzg4fM+cB3bQYHTgEq4wslymPrVcIc8sV8lvlmvkyHIdT8gsN3CHL97gVK4ZrfBt2cG982C5hBunZ7lM/cVyhfxquUp+t1wjf1iuY+58Wm7g0fkdq81ex2FkRHPcEv1ubyC8vVCU4lQmQm5NpHQmRmKpUhMkiXJ9tV7LLMq8di7NgnCbSH2inOA80FmsUtFzuyfqNEgDLU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HBAKzU6VAACAAD/aQUdA1MAHAAtAEZAQxEQDwMAAyAfHgMBAAJHBgEAAwEDAAFtAAMDAlgAAgIMSAABAQRYBwEEBA1IAAUFBFgHAQQEDQRJExMYFRgVExEIBRwrPQEzFRQeATYnETQ2HgEHFQcnNTQmIgYHERQGLgElNRc3FRQeATY9ATMVFAYiJuAoOioBruywAoZZKDooAazxrALUWYYoOijgqvSqj7WzHCgCKhwBp3WmAqR3XCgqUB0oKB3+X3iqAap4tyoouB0oAiwbu7V5rKoAAAAAAQAA/2kEzgNSADAATkBLKCYkIiAWBgQFDgEDBAsHAgIDA0cABAUDBQQDbQADAgUDAmsAAgEFAgFrAAEABQEAawAFBQxIAAAABlgABgYNBkkvJBcWIxEhBwUbKxUWMzI3LgEnFjMyNy4BJzUWFy4BJzQ3FgQXJjU0NjMyFzY3Bgc2NwYHFRQOAyciHh6wilKCGBQbIyBYcgE1PjQ8ASNeARCaB5RpbUtXSRxSSUcwTTp6qOqI0SUDbAFiTAQJEYxaAx4BInBARDt1igkhGWiUUBIsWzEJH0s4IWXKupBWAQACAAD/xARZAvgAEQAbACpAJwEBAwIBRwACAwJvAAMAA28AAAEBAFQAAAABWAABAAFMEzM3FQQFGCs1ETQ3ARYyNwEWFREUBgchIiYTNjMhMhcBBiInAgHMJ28nAcwCNCT8VyQ0Pw0MA6kMDf4xDSQMHAKECAr+NCcnAcwJCf18JTIBNAL8BAT+MQwMAAEAAAAABMQCvACXADZAM0A6NjIoAAYGAAFHAAIAAm8EAwEDAAYAbwAGBQZvBwEFBWaMinx6eHZYU1JPLSphMggFFisRPgE7ATIXFjMyNzYyFxYXHgMXFh8BHgU3Njc2NTQnLgInPgE7ATIfAhYHFhcUFxQHBhUGFRQXFhc+AT8BPgE3Nj8CNhQ3NjsBMhcWMzI/ATYeARcWFRQHDgIHDgMXFBYfARYfAR4BFRQHBiMiJyYjIgcjJicuAwcOAgcGIyInLgInJi8BLgIKHQsJCg4WCgYgEBoKFAwGDgoMBCY4BwUICgoMCgccAwEPBhIgBw5IPE8aARYUFAgJAgEDBAMCBBoJEAcLBBIBLy8JDAwPEBYJFBogDwkTIA0iEAYDIxEiOggCGAoOAgYHCgMKDEdRMxobFRYUERoTBkJJBBoSHA0XDgQIDUIcJk5+TCtoXRcECgYCjggIAQECAQECBgMUEiAGUlELCAgQBgoCAQVwExBKHAsOCgUcEgMGCQkFEhgHBxQgKgoXFxIULBEBBggMBBgCPmUXGhoMEwcCAgECAQQICQYHHTodLkYMAiAQHA0IDggMBAkLQWgXIQgEAwIFC1MEIhASAwQyRA8YBAhASDiFvTAIIBgAAAAABgAA/5IDrQMqABsAHwAoACwAMAA0AIxAiQcBBQkACQUAbQAICwoLCAptFAEKDQsKDWsADQ8LDQ9rAwEBDgwOAQxtAAYTAQkFBgleBBICAAALCAALYBEBDxABDgEPDl4ADAICDFIADAwCVgACDAJKISAcHAEANDMyMTAvLi0sKyopJSQgKCEoHB8cHx4dGhkYFxYVFBINCwoJCAYAGwEbFQUUKwEyFhURFAYrARchNyMiJjURNDY7ATUzNSEVMxUlESERATI2NCYiBhQWEyEnIRcjNTMXIzUzA2IeLS0eTCL9TRtSIS0tIWAiAg8i/fIByf3GFyAhLCAgVQI3L/4c2IuLxouLAjQuIP6SHy6ZmS0gAW4hLXWBgXXH/twBJP57ICsgICsg/krygSMjIwAAAAIAAP9qA/EDUgADAAcAMUAuAAACAwIAA20FAQMBAgMBawACAgxIBAEBAQ0BSQQEAAAEBwQHBgUAAwADEQYFFSsVESERExEhEQH1CAH0lgH1/gsB8wH1/gsAAAAAAwAA/2oD0wNSADUAZgCNAEBAPXkBAgNUNgIABB8AAgEAA0cAAgMEAwIEbQAEAAMEAGsAAAEDAAFrAAMDDEgAAQENAUmHhm1sOzosKxQFBRUrNT4CNzIeARcWFxY+ATM3Nj8BNjc2HgEfAR4CFxYXDgIHDgEHDgEPAQYiJyUmLwIuAhE+AjcyFh8CFhcWNj8BNjc+Ajc2HgEzHgMXDgIHBQ4DJyYnLgMnJhE+AjclMh4BHwEWFx4CFxYXDgIPAQYPAQYPAQYmIyUnLgEnJgsqOAwTHiQHL9UTIiwCTTkeKiYWDR4QDxIDGgoGAwEKKjwKK6osBxwJGhEUFP74BhozNh0iCQsqOgwTHhQZf1UqEyQVGURcCyoiExAgKgIFFg4HAQoqQAn+/gcmFCwO1i4GTD4+AwQKLDwLAVweMEAIdU4nBEIqBgMBCSI0CYxdLhQOCRkQFhH/AD87VgUEWA8WEgYIFgIVYgQIHCMaDRUTBQIGCAkLAggIBwQKDRYWBRRUEwMSBAsHAnsDCxYYDRYJARUPFBQFCAsOOicUBQoMDiAoBRgOBAMIGgMGCgsJDhYYBHwDFggMBmUVAyAcIAYEARUPGBQGog4mAzYkEwIaFgkECQ0SFARCLBcLCAQLBwJ3HBooCgQAAAABAAD/sQPoAwwAHAAhQB4RAQABAUcCAQEAAW8DAQAAZgEAFxUNCwAcARwEBRQrBSInAScuAzU0NjcyHgIXPgMXMhYUBwEGAfQOC/6kDwoqIhqOfSJIPi4TFCxARiN9joD+pQpPCgFQDwo2NlAle4oBGCoiFRQkKBoBjPWA/rEKAAf///9qBNMDUgAkAD0AVABqAHgApwDOAXtAEHsBCwmqAQ8Na2leAwcIA0dLsAlQWEBlAAwLAAsMAG0AAA0LAA1rAAEPDg8BDm0ADgQPDgRrAAQKDwQKawAKBQ8KBWsABQgPBQhrAAgHDwgHawAHBgMHYwAGAw8GA2sADRABDwEND2AACwsJWAAJCQxIAAMDAlkAAgINAkkbS7AKUFhAawAMCwALDABtAAANCwANawAQDwEPEAFtAAEODwEOawAOBA8OBGsABAoPBAprAAoFDwoFawAFCA8FCGsACAcPCAdrAAcGAwdjAAYDDwYDawANAA8QDQ9gAAsLCVgACQkMSAADAwJZAAICDQJJG0BmAAwLAAsMAG0AAA0LAA1rAAEPDg8BDm0ADgQPDgRrAAQKDwQKawAKBQ8KBWsABQgPBQhrAAgHDwgHawAHBg8HBmsABgMPBgNrAA0QAQ8BDQ9gAAsLCVgACQkMSAADAwJZAAICDQJJWVlAHMzLyMa7urCupaShn4+OgoAaFikvKiYvGSURBR0rNTQ3Njc2MzIWFRQHBhY/ATYyFxYUBwYeARceARUUDgIHIi4BNxYXFjMyNzY3NjU0JyYnJiMiBw4BBwYVFBcmNTQ3Njc2MzIXFhcWFAcGBwYjIicmNxYXFjI3Njc2NTQnJicmIgcGBwYVFDcWFxYyNz4BLgEGBwYVASY1NDc2NzYzMhceARcWFRQHFQYHBiMiJyYnJjQ3NTY1NCcuAScmIyIHBiMiJyYXJjU0Nz4BMzIXFhcWFRQHBgcGIicmJyY0NzY1NCcmIyIHBiMiJya4dXc4KS01DAQOCQpglCAPEAcKBgs+WFKM2HmD6Jx+CnNcdR0fmWZcAQpzXXUdHmWkLCahDRIfSS0uGxtMIREPH04sLCIhSRwGGA0aDBwPCgMGGA0ZDRsOC48DCgUKBAsKBhIUBgMBQQEIChMiIjMxU3gSBxAGEQsLBwgTCAUCCwQNVjsjIxgZBQUODBAkAQYJJBJDMB0JAwgFDwkQBhAIBAIEFRYgCgoFBAsKDrKhunQuFzUuHykOBgIEKCoWPSgKDgQDE1ZAO3poQAFMnDBlPDEDD1JLWgkJZDwxAwpSPDU4CUcdHiMjQCAUBxQ+IEIhRyETCxdTGQoGBAkYEBAHCBgKBQQJFxARB0kJBAICBBISBwYKBgYCZwUFDQwQBQcPG4RXIyEzLwESCQUCBhELEgcBIiQXGT5eEwoFAQgLigUFCgsOCDUhKhEQGBgQBwUCBQ8JEAYODBwWGgIBBwkAAAAC//v/ZARxA1IAIgBHABxAGUE5EAMBAAFHAAEAAXAAAAAMAEktLGcCBRUrEyY3PgQ3MiQ7ATIeAQceAwYdARQGBw4CLgInJjcGFh8BHgIXFjI+AxY/AT4DNy4BDgQHLgMHBgIHEwQKEgoYBYgB9E+VNwJYCxAWCgYCLklGvsTMqIYdD+AaUj8nJSI8GwsWEhQMFAQKAwlmRkICDy44OD4yMA0bXEhKEhkCCNc3CQ4KCgoDBAYGBwkeHDQgIjLP8F1YaBQqaKRjNNkcej8oJhwqCAMCDAIWAgwDCV5EWh4oIA4mOjYwCRBYTDQMDwAAAAACAAD/agOsA1IABQALACVAIgkFAgMAAQFHAAIBAm8AAQABbwAAAwBvAAMDZhITEhAEBRgrNTMTJyMfAQEzARMj262C24K9AVro/qfe6JgBHuXlxAJg/aD+eAAAAAIAAP9mA78DVgAWACoASEBFJgECACUBAQIWAQQDAAEFBARHAAECAwIBA20AAwQCAwRrAAICAFgAAAAMSAAEBAVYBgEFBQ0FSRcXFyoXKSIrIiYjBwUZKxURNDYzIQcGDwEOASMiPQEjIg4CBxEDPgQzMh0BMzI2JxE3ERQGI6quAiQ0LzVtOE4DDzA7RjgWAZwFYGhyTAMPMHRcAeCosCUCArPGNTA1bThKEJwMKEo7/vr+rAVganJIEJxIcQEG3/3+s8YAAAAABAAA/2kD6ANRAA8AGAA3AEAATkBLOAEJCjYvKAMHBQJHBgEEAwUDBAVtAAoACQMKCWAAAwAFBwMFYAACAgFYAAEBDEgIAQcHAFgAAAANAEk/Pjs6FBgiEiQTFDUzCwUdKwERFAYjISImNRE0NjMhMhYFNCYiBhQWMjYXNCYHIgcGIicmIyIGBxQXBwYUFjY/ARcWMjYmLwE2AxQGIi4BNjIWA+g0JPzIJDQ0JAM4JDT+2XaudnaudhYiGg8NRotFEAwZIgGTdRIkMBNwcBIyJAIRdZOOMEouBDZCOAL5/MgkNDQkAzgkNDT8V35+rn5+wBomAQgkJAckG0QdeRI0JgIRdHQSJDYReR4BWyQ0NEg0NAAAAQAA/2oCaANSAB4AOUA2AQECARIBAwITAQQDA0cAAQYFAgIDAQJeAAAADEgAAwMEWAAEBA0ESQAAAB4AHiQlEREVBwUZKxE1PgI3MxUzFSMRFBYXFjMyNxUOASMiJy4BJyY1ETxSNAmP7e0SGSIqTUo/aTxENjdGEA4BuI4URGhM/Z3/AFYyDxQxnR8YERM+JSJHAV4AAAADAAD/mgO4AyIAFgAuAHkAU0BQYlAzAwUEIiEgCgQDBQgBAAMDRwkBAEQABAIFAgQFbQAFAwIFA2sAAQYBAgQBAmAAAwAAA1QAAwMAWAAAAwBMGBd0c1tWJSMXLhguGiUHBRYrARQHBgcGIyInBzcmNTQ3Njc2MhcWFxYlIgcGBwYVFBYXBzcWMzI3Njc2NCcmJyYTJicmFycmJyYOBCcWJyYnJicmJyYnJjc2PwE2NzYHNicmJy4BIzIjJyIHBgcGFRQXJhcWFxYXFhcWFxYXFhcWPwE2Nz4BNzYDuDw7ZWd5c2P2UEA9O2Rn8mdlOzz+RGVXVTEzJSIvkF9uZVhUMjMzMlRYfAIFMyUmHwYICwoYCwoIARMRDhQTFRMNBwUDAQURAwMVEAMEBB4ECQQCCRUQDQ8IDywGEQwNExMZGh4fJxkWDgkJDRAZGgwCAQFqeGdkOjw3Tuxpe3hmZDo8PDpkZvozMVNXZDxvLootPTMxVFbJV1MxM/4oAwMbFBIPAgMBDx0LAgQBCQgJDBETGRINBwYEBRMEBSUcBwwHSQoIAQ4PDhsiMT4IGBEPFhMYERUMDwgHAQECAwEQECMQDgAAAAQAAP+kA+IDGAAzAHUAmgC6AEFAPmdFAgMAsK4CAQMCR5d5GQMARQQBAQMCAwECbQACAm4AAAMDAFQAAAADWAADAANMNDS6t46HNHU0dTAuBQUUKwEGBwYnJicmJyY3Njc2FxYfARYXFhcWNzY1MhcWDgEHBicmJyYnJgcOAhcWFxY3Mj8BNhMiBi4BPwE2NzY3Ni8BJicmJyY3Njc2NzY3Njc2JyYvASY+ARcWFxYHBgcGBw4BBwYHBhcWFxYXHgEXFgcGBwYHBgEUDwEGBwYXFhcWFxYXHgEUBisBBgcGJyYnJicmNzY3NjcGNzYTNhceARcWBwYPAQYmJyYXJjc2BzYHNicmJyYnJicmJwH8HSIvMScdPAoQWThYOz03PDkjFxIJGhATBAIKBRkRDxUnKVg8YmAtPRUMFUgdJhAUIwlnAggEAQVkIhUKBgsGJBYMHAUGSxsyIBAaEx8NDAMDCAEBAQYEGAQIQRAYDh46LQ4QBQUCAQYIEQk0CBg/FRsUHxT+PgIERiofExZkNVZBhAwOAwIDQEA4IzEonjIbGiZPCyUDBgGndFkZDgECFwYFAwIFAQIBAQIGAgYBAgIBDR42EyImDwF6EgYKCQciQ0tvSi0PCwoJGhoQCAYBAxMWIwURMBwFAwIEEyoOFh8PQ1guUi0TAgMGAv4wAQEHAygPDgcHDBBXNCRUP10uERUOCA0PGCEeKSAkAwIDAgYrJkk+Dw4JDxwdEBMYExYQGCcvF3gaRikNCAcFAwI1AwMGZGlMUFsnFQsHDAIEBgIEAgEBAgcahUhUflELHgIEAf6eFAoDEBlPSxAHBAICAgkEDhQ8GzoLHBQOBw0GAgECAQAAAwAA/5oDuAMiADoATwBkAEVAQi0hGhMSBQAEAUcAAAQDBAADbQUBAQAEAAEEYAYBAwICA1QGAQMDAlgAAgMCTFFQPDtbWlBkUWRGRTtPPE8zMQcFFCsBBgcGBwYHBgcGJyYnJicmJyY/AQcGBwYHBgcmJyYnJi8BHgEVFAcGBwYHBg8BHgEXFjMyNz4BNTQnJiUiBwYHBhQXFhcWMjc2NzY0JyYnJgMiJyYnJjQ3Njc2MhcWFxYUBwYHBgMLAQIECAsRFR4jLh8VEgoJAwIBARQYFR4TFwYBFBAcExgTDxUNDhYSFhAQDRxnRkhTaVNPWRQU/sR7aWc7Pj47Z2n2aWc7Pj47Z2l7cF9dNzg4N11f4F9dNzg4N11fAlwMDB4bJhoiDhELCRQRGBQXERAOCg4SGR0kKSEgGhgSDwsSQCMmHyEaFQ8LBwVLdCAhMzCtbEA9Ovg+O2dp9mlnOz4+O2dp9mlnOz78oTg3XV/gX103ODg3XV/gX103OAADAAD/sQNaA1IACAA/AG8AVEBRSkI4AwMFAUcABQIDAgUDbQAKAAACCgBgAAgAAgUIAl4AAwAHBAMHYAAEAAYEBlwAAQEJWAAJCQwBSW5sZ2VcWlVST0w+PTEuKCUkIxUrCwUWKzc0LgEGFBY+AQE0JicjNDYnNCYnDgIHBgcOAg8BBg8BBicjETMyHgQXFjsBMjU0Jz4BNCc2NTQmJz4BNxQHFhUUBxYVFAcUBisBIiYnJisBIiY1ETQ2OwE2NzY3PgI3NjMyHgEVFAczMhaPFhwWFhwWAoMsHMQ2ASI3Dg4UFw0eAhYODBYKDBYKChISBxYOHAwcAnZJQ2sCEBQKHQoJEhhHGwUVASFgTkg2aEVBDKEdKiodmRQ5IBwNDBYYFhwvSigbYjpWZA8UAhgaGAIUAVAdKgEgciA3NAEPQkoYDSYDGhQOGQsIDwcB/psCBgYIBAQpXQ8QCSooEhwnDiIJATIVMikSFCsmDAw4K05aGhcXKh0BZR4qDUkqHg5ESBgVJE5BMzhUAAABAAD/sQNZAwsAJABKQEcSAQQFAUcHAQIDAQMCAW0IAQEBbgkBAAAFBAAFYAAEAwMEVAAEBANWBgEDBANKAQAeHBsaGRgVExEPDAsKCQgGACQBIwoFFCsBMhYVERQGByMRMzcjNTQ2PwE1JiMiBhcVIxUzESEiJjURNDY3ArhDXl5DaG8QfxomRCNBS1wBcHD+10NeXkMDC2BB/ehCXgEBTYFTHx4BAXMFWFNfgf6zYEECGEJeAQAAAv/+/7ADWQMLAA0AYABfQFwnAQAFGgEGAAJHAAUEAAQFAG0ACQMIAwkIbQALAAcECwdgAAQAAAYEAGAABgACAwYCYAABAAMJAQNgAAgKCghUAAgIClgACggKTF9dVlRNTCcnKSYlJVcWIgwFHSsBNCYjIg4CFxQWMj4BBRQOAisBIgciJyYnDgEHIiY3ND4BMzIWFz8BNDYXMzIXFgcDBhUUFhc+BDc0JiMiDgMeAjcyNzYyHwEWBgcOASciLgI+AzMyFgIeOjYjRDYkATxsWDIBOShGTioIBQU1Gg8DHVozWmQBSn5KMEwWAQYGAkIDBAMBQwMOEhAgMiQaAcKjSYRgOAI8XIhHf2MGDgUXBAIFOYxKV6BwSARAeJhbwOwBojxEIjxeNT9ESnAKPmA2HgEeEhwlMAFsYFiUViYlCx8DCAEGAwb+qQ0NFg4BAQQYIEQqo8I4YISShF48AlAFBxsHDgUuNAFEdJ6unnRE7gAGAAD/agPoA1IAAwAiADMAPwBbAHkAfEB5blZOOigFEARVRwIMEUhANAMDBRgXAgEDBEcPCwoHBAQAEBEEEGATAREADAURDGANAQUOCQgGEgUDAQUDYQACAgBWAAAADEgAAQENAUlcXCQjXHlceXh2cnBqaGRjYmBZWFNSS0pFRD08NzYvLisqIzMkMxYREBQFFysRIREhATQnJicmIgcGBwYVFB4BFxYXFg8CBjc2NzY3Njc2ISMiJj0BNDYyFh0BMzIWFAY3FAYiJj0BNDYyFhUXFAYPASIvARUUBiImPQE0Nj8BMh8BNTQ2MhYVFzIWFAYrARUzMhYUBisBIiY9ATQ2OwEyFhQGKwEVA+j8GANrMzJVV8xXVTIzUZBZGwYDAQEFCCgXNj02QyRQ/fZKCAwMEAs3CAwMRQsQDAwQC7QIBgYKBkwMEAsHBgYKBkwMEAx4CAwMCDc3CAwMCEoIDAwISggMDAg3A1L8GAIpU0ZFKSkpKUVGU0qBVQwHDAYLESAlEQoiJyozKlcMCJUIDAwIggsQDBQIDAwIlQgMDAiVBwoCAQhoXAgMDAiVBgsCAQhoXAgMDAg3DBALIwwQDAwIlQgMDBAMIwAABAAAAAAD5QKeAFgAkwEGARMAAAEWNzYnJjc2NzQ3NhYXFgcGBw4BFxY3NicmNzY/ATYnJicmBwYHBiYnJicmBwYHBicmJyYHBhcWDwE2BwYVFBY3PgEnJhU0PwE2NzY3NhUUDwE2BwYVBhYXJRQVHgE3Njc2FhcWFxY3NicmPwE2NzY1NCYHBhcWDwEGBwYHBiMGNTQ/ATYHNjUuAQcOARcWDwE0BwYFJgcGBwYnBicmJyYXJicuATc2NzY3NicmBw4BFxYPAQYHBgcGJy4BJyY/ATY3NicuAScmBwYXFhcWNzY3PgEXFg8CBgcGFxYXFj8BNhYGMQcGBwYHBgcGBwYeATc2NzY3PgEXFh8BFhcWFxY3Njc2NSYFBgcGBwYmJzY3Njc2AxcPEgoDBAIQCQMWHQECAgYKAwkdGBQLAwQDBRIEAgIGHhYSFx0EBAIIExYUEhkHAwUNFRoKAwQDGQEGAzETBgMBAgEYAgMQDRYBDwQJAwEQD/5kAScfFx4EBAEFExcVCgMEAxwCAQEtFwkBBAIYAgMMBAkIGAENBwEDASoYBwQCAwIPBwQCWAYICxZJXCBGKDmjQV8uCQIBIhAKAwMeFhQGAwEDAicCBSIkFgsIBwIBAyEHAgQBAhwaPzUKBAgRBwYEAhUiAQEEGxEEAgQPEihCNQMCAgEDAgEBDDIlQwsEFjAkQSUZCgIECD9LVjceLydfRj8sEAH89gsQChENDwECEhMnBwEJAQcFCQwIYjEFAw4CDgkJHzwNQQUFCQUKDg8iYx0QDR8HBQYFEAIBAw8FBQYEDAQGCAQFCgQKDQ+MCCURDBoHCAMGB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<div class="off-canvas-wrapper"><div class="off-canvas position-right" id="off-canvas" data-off-canvas><ul id="menu-main-navigation-3" class="vertical menu" data-accordion-menu><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182996"><a href="https://techwireasia.com/category/insights/">Insights</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-182997"><a href="https://techwireasia.com/latest-tech/">Latest</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-182998"><a href="https://techwireasia.com/popular-tech/">Popular</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-225348"><a target="_blank" href="https://jobs.techwireasia.com/">Jobs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-182999"><a href="#">Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="menu social"><li><a href="https://twitter.com/techwireasia" target="_blank"><img 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'facebook-jssdk'));</script><div id="content"><div id="inner-content" class="row"><main id="main" class="article-feed large-12 medium-12 columns" role="main"> <style> a { color: #141414; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; } </style><article id="post-237693" class="article loop-single post-237693 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-applications category-china category-chinese category-enterprise category-latest tag-apps tag-business tag-china tag-compliance tag-e-commerce tag-mobile tag-platforms tag-social-media tag-technology" role="article" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"><section class="entry-content float-left width_100pc" itemprop="articleBody"><div class="main-post-thumbnail"> <img width="897" height="500" src="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/000_34HD3GE-897x500.jpg" class="attachment-thumb-897w500h size-thumb-897w500h wp-post-image" alt="Shou Zi Chew, CEO of TikTok, testifies during the US Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, "Big Tech and the Online Child Sexual Exploitation Crisis," in Washington, DC, on January 31, 2024. (Photo by Brendan SMIALOWSKI/AFP)." decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> <span class="social-buzz-news animated fadeInUp"><aside class="mashsb-container mashsb-main mashsb-stretched"><div class="mashsb-box"><div class="mashsb-count mash-large" style="float:left;"><div class="counts mashsbcount"> 15</div> <span class="mashsb-sharetext">SOCIAL BUZZ</span></div><div class="mashsb-buttons"></div></div><div style="clear:both;"></div><div class="mashsb-toggle-container"></div></aside> </span><p class="caption">Shou Zi Chew, CEO of TikTok, testifies during the US Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, “Big Tech and the Online Child Sexual Exploitation Crisis,” in Washington, DC. (Photo by Brendan SMIALOWSKI/AFP).</p></div><div class="pos-abs"><div class="large-6 medium-9 columns main-headlines float-left"><h1 class="entry-title single-title animated fadeInUp" itemprop="headline"> <span>This is how much ByteDance and Shein spent on US lobbying in 2023</span></h1></div></div><div class="large-12 medium-12 columns single-byline animated fadeInUp"><div class="avatar"><img data-del="avatar" src='https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Ill_for_Dashveen_r-100x100.png' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-96wp-user-avatar wp-user-avatar- photo ' height='96' width='96'/></div><div class="details"><p>By <strong><a href="https://techwireasia.com/author/dashveen/" title="Posts by Dashveenjit Kaur" rel="author">Dashveenjit Kaur</a></strong></p></div></div><div class="large-1 medium-1 columns "><div class="single-social-media left summary sticky_column"><ul><li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://techwireasia.com/2024/02/this-is-how-much-bytedance-and-shein-spent-on-us-lobbying-in-2023/&title=This is how much ByteDance and Shein spent on US lobbying in 2023" target="_blank"><img class="social-icon-nav" src="/wp-content/themes/correspondent/assets/images/facebook-icon-round-black.png"></a></li><li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=This+is+how+much+ByteDance+and+Shein+spent+on+US+lobbying+in+2023&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftechwireasia.com%2F2024%2F02%2Fthis-is-how-much-bytedance-and-shein-spent-on-us-lobbying-in-2023%2F" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(this.href,'targetWindow','toolbar=no,location=0,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=600,height=400'); return false;"> <img class="social-icon-nav" src="/wp-content/themes/correspondent/assets/images/twitter-icon-round-black.png"> </a></li><li> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://techwireasia.com/2024/02/this-is-how-much-bytedance-and-shein-spent-on-us-lobbying-in-2023/&title=This is how much ByteDance and Shein spent on US lobbying in 2023" target="_blank"><img class="social-icon-nav" src="/wp-content/themes/correspondent/assets/images/linkedin-icon-round-black.png"></a></li><li> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?urlhttps://techwireasia.com/2024/02/this-is-how-much-bytedance-and-shein-spent-on-us-lobbying-in-2023/&title=This is how much ByteDance and Shein spent on US lobbying in 2023" target="_blank"><img class="social-icon-nav" src="/wp-content/themes/correspondent/assets/images/reddit_icon-round-black.png"></a></li><li> <a href="http://service.weibo.com/share/share.php?url=https://techwireasia.com/2024/02/this-is-how-much-bytedance-and-shein-spent-on-us-lobbying-in-2023/&title=This is how much ByteDance and Shein spent on US lobbying in 2023" target="_blank"><img class="social-icon-nav" src="/wp-content/themes/correspondent/assets/images/weibo-icon-round-black.png"></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="large-7 medium-7 columns single-content"><ul><li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">In 2023, Shein increased its lobbying in the US by 657% to US$2.12 million; less than a quarter of ByteDance’s US$8.74 million was spent the same year.</span></strong></li><li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">In 2023, ByteDance had 45 lobbyists, while Shein increased from eight to 14 amidUS IPO uncertainties.</span></strong></li><li><strong>What are they spending all the money on? What are they getting in return?</strong></li></ul><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">In the corridors of power in Washington, the clout of corporate giants often speaks volumes. In 2023, two notable Chinese-founded companies, ByteDance and Shein, made headlines for their substantial lobbying efforts. As scrutiny intensified over their Chinese ties, TikTok’s parent company, ByteDance, and the聽</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://techwireasia.com/11/2023/why-is-temu-is-paying-a-hefty-price-to-rival-shein-amazon-and-tiktok-shop-this-holiday-season/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">fast fashion giant Shein</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">聽significantly ramped up their lobbying expenditures in the US.</span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">According to data from OpenSecrets, Shein experienced a staggering 657% surge in lobbying spending, reaching a total of US$2.12 million in 2023 compared to the previous year. Despite this substantial increase, it’s noteworthy that Shein’s lobbying budget remained less than a quarter of <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/summary?id=D000073174">ByteDance’s expenditure</a>, which stood at a whopping US$8.74 million for the same period.聽</span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">These figures underscore the growing importance of influencing US policymakers for companies with international stakes, particularly those facing scrutiny due to their origins. Tighter regulation and聽</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://techwireasia.com/11/2022/the-us-wants-to-ban-government-deals-with-chip-makers-in-china/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">possible bans</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">聽that continue to loom over TikTok’s future in the US pushed ByteDance to</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://techwireasia.com/04/2023/bytedance-has-lemon8-prepared-if-tiktok-gets-banned/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">聽ramp up its lobbying efforts last year</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">. Since 2019, ByteDance has spent a total of US$21.27 million.</span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true"><div class="see-also right"><div class="row" data-equalizer><a href=https://techwireasia.com/2024/01/china-decouples-huawei-ends-us-lobbying/><div class="medium-12 small-4 columns" data-equalizer-watch><img decoding="async" width="400" height="200" src="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-400x200.jpg" class="ratio2by1 wp-post-image" alt="As per federal filings, the Chinese telecom giant invested over US$13 million in lobbying over the last decade. (Photo by Josep LAGO / AFP)" srcset="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-400x200.jpg 400w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-800x400.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-150x150.jpg" class="ratiosquare wp-post-image" alt="As per federal filings, the Chinese telecom giant invested over US$13 million in lobbying over the last decade. (Photo by Josep LAGO / AFP)" srcset="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-150x150.jpg 150w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-400x400.jpg 400w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-167x167.jpg 167w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-344x344.jpg 344w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-409x409.jpg 409w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/000_9DG83U-125x125.jpg 125w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></div><div class="medium-12 small-8 columns" data-equalizer-watch><h4>CHINA DECOUPLES: HUAWEI ENDS US LOBBYING</h4><p class="byline">Dashveenjit Kaur | 15 January, 2024</p><div class='mobile-advert-mpu' style='background:#fff'><div class='ad'><div style='text-align: center' id='tech_article_mpu'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display('tech_article_mpu');}); </script></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">The parent company of the immensely popular video-sharing app TikTok also ensured it maintained a formidable presence in lobbying, employing 45 lobbyists throughout 2023. This figure, essentially unchanged from previous years, highlights the company’s ongoing efforts to navigate the complex regulatory landscape in the US, where concerns about data privacy, national security, and censorship have often dominated the discourse surrounding Chinese tech firms.</span></p><div id="attachment_237697" style="width: 1034px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-237697" class="wp-image-237697 size-large" src="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bytedance-lobbying-efforts-in-the-US-2023-1024x697.png" alt="ByteDance spends millions lobbying, outpacing prior years amid crackdown on TikTok鈥檚 China ties. Source: Open Secret." width="1024" height="697" srcset="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bytedance-lobbying-efforts-in-the-US-2023-1024x697.png 1024w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bytedance-lobbying-efforts-in-the-US-2023-300x204.png 300w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bytedance-lobbying-efforts-in-the-US-2023-768x522.png 768w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bytedance-lobbying-efforts-in-the-US-2023.png 1029w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><p id="caption-attachment-237697" class="wp-caption-text">ByteDance spends millions lobbying, outpacing prior years amid crackdown on TikTok鈥檚 China ties. Source: Open Secret.</p></div><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">TikTok boasts over 150 million American users, and therefore, US lawmakers harbor suspicion regarding the app’s data accessibility to the Chinese government and its potential role in expanding China’s influence. On the other hand, Shein,聽</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://techwireasia.com/08/2023/shein-vs-temu-the-fast-fashion-war-you-didnt-notice-happening/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">known for its rapid rise</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">聽in the fashion e-commerce space, made a strategic move by increasing its lobbying team, hiring 14 lobbyists in 2023 compared to just eight the year before.聽</span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">This surge in lobbying personnel reflects Shein’s proactive approach to addressing regulatory challenges and uncertainties, especially against聽</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://techwireasia.com/11/2023/did-shein-finally-make-the-bold-move-and-file-for-a-us-ipo/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">a potential initial public offering</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">聽(IPO) in the US market.</span></p><h2><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Why are Chinese entities increasing their lobbying efforts in the US?</span></h2><div id="attachment_237694" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-237694" class="wp-image-237694 size-medium" src="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Annual-lobbying-by-Shein-in-the-US-300x204.png" alt="Source: Open Secrets." width="300" height="204" srcset="https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Annual-lobbying-by-Shein-in-the-US-300x204.png 300w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Annual-lobbying-by-Shein-in-the-US-1024x697.png 1024w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Annual-lobbying-by-Shein-in-the-US-768x523.png 768w, https://techwireasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Annual-lobbying-by-Shein-in-the-US.png 1036w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /><p id="caption-attachment-237694" class="wp-caption-text">Source: Open Secrets.</p></div><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">The increased lobbying activities of ByteDance and Shein coincide with a broader trend of Chinese companies facing heightened scrutiny and regulatory challenges in the US. Allegations of espionage, data privacy concerns, and geopolitical tensions have fueled calls for stricter oversight and regulation of Chinese tech firms operating on American soil.</span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Additionally, Shein’s decision to bolster its lobbying efforts聽</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://techwireasia.com/04/2023/us-continues-its-beef-with-china-as-shein-and-temu-the-latest-targets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">amid an uncertain IPO outlook</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">聽underscores the significance of regulatory clarity and favorable legislative conditions for companies seeking US capital markets. </span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">The success or failure of Shein’s lobbying endeavors could have far-reaching implications for its聽</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://techwireasia.com/01/2022/shein-ipo-will-the-chinese-fashion-retailer-finally-get-listed-on-nyse-this-year/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">IPO aspirations</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">聽and the broader landscape of Chinese companies seeking to establish a foothold in the US market.</span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">In conclusion, the increased lobbying expenditures of ByteDance and Shein shed light on the evolving dynamics of corporate influence and regulatory challenges faced by Chinese-founded companies in the US. As these companies navigate a complex web of political, economic, and regulatory pressures, their lobbying efforts testify to the strategic importance of engaging with policymakers and stakeholders to safeguard their interests and ensure continued growth and success in an increasingly competitive global marketplace.</span></p><p><iframe loading="lazy" title="SHEIN Tries to Clear Name With DC Lobby Campaign | Trailer | China In Focus" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MGuNyWDq4ZA" width="853" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p></p> <br><div class="tags-panel"> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/china/" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>CHINA</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/apps" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>APPS</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/business" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>BUSINESS</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/compliance" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>COMPLIANCE</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/e-commerce" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>E-COMMERCE</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/mobile" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>MOBILE</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/platforms" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>PLATFORMS</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/social-media" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>SOCIAL MEDIA</span></div> </a> <a href="https://techwireasia.com/tag/technology" rel="tag"><div class="parallelogram tag-label columns"> <span>TECHNOLOGY</span></div> </a></div> <br><hr><div class="social-bar"><div class="social-buzz"> <span><aside class="mashsb-container mashsb-main mashsb-stretched"><div class="mashsb-box"><div class="mashsb-count mash-large" style="float:left;"><div class="counts mashsbcount"> 15</div> <span class="mashsb-sharetext">SOCIAL BUZZ</span></div><div class="mashsb-buttons"></div></div><div style="clear:both;"></div><div class="mashsb-toggle-container"></div></aside> </span></div><div class="single-social-media horizontal base"><ul><li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://techwireasia.com/2024/02/this-is-how-much-bytedance-and-shein-spent-on-us-lobbying-in-2023/&title=This is how much ByteDance and Shein spent on US lobbying in 2023" target="_blank"><img class="social-icon-nav" src="/wp-content/themes/correspondent/assets/images/facebook-icon-round-black.png"></a></li><li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=This+is+how+much+ByteDance+and+Shein+spent+on+US+lobbying+in+2023&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftechwireasia.com%2F2024%2F02%2Fthis-is-how-much-bytedance-and-shein-spent-on-us-lobbying-in-2023%2F" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(this.href,'targetWindow','toolbar=no,location=0,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=600,height=400'); 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