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Shepherd</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sally Shepherd"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sally Shepherd"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sally Shepherd"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 47</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sally Shepherd</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Management of Gastrointestinal Metastasis of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Shepherd">Sally Shepherd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20De%20Boer"> Richard De Boer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Murphy"> Craig Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) can metastasize to atypical sites within the peritoneal cavity, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary tract. Management varies depending on the symptom presentation, extent of disease burden, particularly if the primary disease is occult, and patient wishes. Case Series: 6 patients presented with general surgical presentations of ILC, including incomplete large bowel obstruction, cholecystitis, persistent lower abdominal pain, and faecal incontinence. 3 were diagnosed with their primary and metastatic disease in the same presentation, whilst 3 patients developed metastasis from 5 to 8 years post primary diagnosis of ILC. Management included resection of the metastasis (laparoscopic cholecystectomy), excision of the primary (mastectomy and axillary clearance), followed by a combination of aromatase inhibitors, biologic therapy, and chemotherapy. Survival post diagnosis of metastasis ranged from 3 weeks to 7 years. Conclusion: Metastatic ILC must be considered with any gastrointestinal or genitourinary symptoms in patients with a current or past history of ILC. Management may not be straightforward to chemotherapy if the acute pathology is resulting in a surgically resectable disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastrointestinal%20metastasis" title=" gastrointestinal metastasis"> gastrointestinal metastasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20lobular%20carcinoma" title=" invasive lobular carcinoma"> invasive lobular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metastasis" title=" metastasis"> metastasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131926/management-of-gastrointestinal-metastasis-of-invasive-lobular-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Metastatic Invasive Lobular Cancer Presenting as a Cervical Polyp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Shepherd">Sally Shepherd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Murphy"> Craig Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The uterus or cervix are unusual locations as metastatic sites for cancers. It is further unusual for it to be a site of metastasis, whilst the primary malignancy remains occult. Case Report: A 63-year-old female with three months of altered bowel habits underwent a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, revealing a bulky uterus and left ovary, nonspecific colonic thickening, and diffuse peritoneal changes. She underwent colposcopy, which revealed a large endocervical polyp that was excised, revealing strongly hormone-positive metastatic invasive lobular breast cancer. She subsequently underwent a PET scan, which showed moderately diffuse activity in the cervix and left adnexa. Breast examination was unremarkable, and screening mammography, ultrasound, and MRI of the breast did not identify any lesions. Her blood tests revealed a Ca 15-3 of 934, CA-125 of 220, and CEA of 27. She was commenced on letrozole and ribociclib with an improvement in her symptoms. Conclusion: It is rare for occult breast cancer to be established and diagnosed by pelvic imaging and biopsy. Suspicion of uterine or cervical metastasis should be heightened in patients with an active or past history of breast cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occult%20breast%20cancer" title="occult breast cancer">occult breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20metastasis" title=" cervical metastasis"> cervical metastasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20lobular%20carcinoma" title=" invasive lobular carcinoma"> invasive lobular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metastasis" title=" metastasis"> metastasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131927/metastatic-invasive-lobular-cancer-presenting-as-a-cervical-polyp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Traumatic Brachiocephalic Artery Pseudoaneurysm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Shepherd">Sally Shepherd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Wong"> Jessica Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Read"> David Read</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traumatic brachiocephalic artery aneurysm is a rare injury that typically occurs as a result of a blunt chest injury. A 19-year-old female sustained a head-on, high speed motor vehicle crash into a tree. Upon release after 45 minutes of entrapment, she was tachycardic but normotensive, with a significant seatbelt sign across her chest and open deformed right thigh with weak pulses in bilateral lower limbs. A chest XR showed mild upper mediastinal widening. A CT trauma series plus gated CT chest revealed a grade 3a aortic arch transection with brachiocephalic pseudoaneurysm. Endovascular repair of the brachiocephalic artery was attempted post-presentation but was unsuccessful as the first stent migrated to the infrarenal abdominal aorta and the second stent across the brachiocephalic artery origin had a persistent leak at the base. She was transferred to Intensive Care for strict blood pressure control. She returned to theatre 5 hours later for a median sternotomy, aortic arch repair with an 8mm graft extraction, and excision of the innominate artery pseudoaneurysm. She had an uncomplicated post-operative recovery. This case highlights that brachiocephalic artery injury is a rare but potentially lethal injury as a result of blunt chest trauma. Safe management requires a combined Vascular and Cardiothoracic team approach, as stenting alone may be insufficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blunt%20chest%20injury" title="blunt chest injury">blunt chest injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brachiocephalic%20aneurysm" title=" Brachiocephalic aneurysm"> Brachiocephalic aneurysm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innominate%20artery" title=" innominate artery"> innominate artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132011/traumatic-brachiocephalic-artery-pseudoaneurysm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Comparison of Selected Behavioural Patterns of German Shepherd Puppies in Open-Field Test by Practical Assessment Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Mi%C5%88o">Igor Miňo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Le%C5%A1kov%C3%A1"> Lenka Lešková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past 80 years, open-field method has evolved as a commonly used tool for the analysis of animal behaviour. The study was carried out using 50 kennel-reared purebred puppies of the German Shepherd dog breed. All dogs were tested in 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, and 9<sup>th </sup>week of age. For the purpose of behavioural analysis, an open-field evaluation report was designed prior to testing to ensure the most convenient, rapid, and suitable way to assess selected behavioural patterns in field conditions. Onset of vocalisation, intensity of vocalisation, level of physical activity, response to sound, and overall behaviour was monitored in the study. Correlations between measures of height, weight and chest circumference, and behavioural characteristics in the 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, and 9<sup>th</sup> week of age were not statistically significant. Onset of vocalisation, intensity of vocalisation, level of physical activity and response to sound differed on statistically significant level between 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, and 9<sup>th</sup> week of age. Results suggest that our practical assessment report may be used as an applicable method to evaluate the suitability of service dog puppies for future working roles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog" title="dog">dog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour" title=" behaviour"> behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open-field" title=" open-field"> open-field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing" title=" testing"> testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60783/comparison-of-selected-behavioural-patterns-of-german-shepherd-puppies-in-open-field-test-by-practical-assessment-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60783.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Theocritus’ Idylls and the Serenading of Mystical Women: Toxic Modes of Seduction in Pastoral Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayla%20Fanning">Kayla Fanning</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Theocritus’ use of near-pastoral motifs in creating the lamenting narrative in “The Sorceress” idyll suggests a link between Simaetha and the quintessential shepherd that ultimately transcends the bucolic serenading structure, evident in “The Serenade”, as it pertains to depictions of women. In Theocritus’ “The Serenade”, an anonymous goatherd serenades his beloved, Amaryllis, in hopes of persuading her to reciprocate his love. This serenade soon turns into a vicious lament where all hope for reciprocation dissolves, leaving the goatherd severely melancholic and malignant. In “The Cyclops’ Serenade”, the cyclops, Polyphemus, sings of Galatea in solitude; in so doing, he negotiates between feelings of heartache and anger that eventually subside. His depiction of Galatea, in being less vindictive than the goatherd’s, manifests less toxicity. In adopting, and essentially creating, this serenading structure, Theocritus illustrates his ability to alter portrayals of women while maintaining the premise of the pastoral serenade; that is the shepherd's lament of his indifferent beloved. A thematic intertextual analysis of the idylls reveals a variety of ways in which the toxicity of the goatherd’s relation to Amaryllis is mutated or even inverted. In “The Sorceress”, a powerful witch named Simaetha spellbinds her unfaithful lover and angrily laments his betrayal in a way that is reminiscent of the goatherd's harmful behavior towards Amaryllis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femininity" title="femininity">femininity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pastoral" title=" pastoral"> pastoral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serenade" title=" serenade"> serenade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theocritus" title=" Theocritus"> Theocritus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132512/theocritus-idylls-and-the-serenading-of-mystical-women-toxic-modes-of-seduction-in-pastoral-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Neuropsychology of Social Awareness: A Research Study Applied to University Students in Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argyris%20Karapetsas">Argyris Karapetsas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Bampou"> Maria Bampou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriani%20Mitropoulou"> Andriani Mitropoulou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present work is to study the role of brain function in social awareness processing. Mind controls all the psychosomatic functions. Mind’s functioning enables individual not only to recognize one's own self and propositional attitudes, but also to assign such attitudes to other individuals, and to consider such observed mental states in the elucidation of behavior. Participants and Methods: Twenty (n=20) undergraduate students (mean age 18 years old) were involved in this study. Students participated in a clinical assessment, being conducted in Laboratory of Neuropsychology, at University of Thessaly, in Volos, Greece. Assessment included both electrophysiological (i.e.Event Related Potentials (ERPs) esp.P300 waveform) and neuropsychological tests (Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) and Sally-Anne test). Results: Initial assessment’s results confirmed statistically significant differences between the males and females, as well as in score performance to the tests applied. Strong correlations emerged between prefrontal lobe functioning, RPM, Sally-Anne test and P300 latencies. Also, significant dysfunction of mind has been found, regarding its three dimensions (straight, circular and helical). At the end of the assessment, students received consultation and appropriate guidelines in order to improve their intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. Conclusions: Mind and social awareness phenomena play a vital role in human development and may act as determinants of the quality of one’s own life. Meanwhile, brain function is highly correlated with social awareness and it seems that different set of brain structures are involved in social behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20activity" title="brain activity">brain activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERP%27s" title=" ERP's"> ERP's</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20awareness" title=" social awareness"> social awareness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107968/neuropsychology-of-social-awareness-a-research-study-applied-to-university-students-in-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Food Supply Chain Optimization: Achieving Cost Effectiveness Using Predictive Analytics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayant%20Kumar">Jayant Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarcha%20Jayachandran%20Sasikala"> Aarcha Jayachandran Sasikala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barry%20Adrian%20Shepherd"> Barry Adrian Shepherd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public Distribution System is a flagship welfare programme of the Government of India with both historical and political significance. Targeted at lower sections of society,it is one of the largest supply chain networks in the world. There has been several studies by academics and planning commission about the effectiveness of the system. Our study focuses on applying predictive analytics to aid the central body to keep track of the problem of breach of service level agreement between the two echelons of food supply chain. Each shop breach is leading to a potential additional inventory carrying cost. Thus, through this study, we aim to show that aided with such analytics, the network can be made more cost effective. The methods we illustrate in this study are applicable to other commercial supply chains as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDS" title="PDS">PDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytics" title=" analytics"> analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20effectiveness" title=" cost effectiveness"> cost effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karnataka" title=" Karnataka"> Karnataka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20cost" title=" inventory cost"> inventory cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20level%20JEL%20classification%3A%20C53" title=" service level JEL classification: C53"> service level JEL classification: C53</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21047/food-supply-chain-optimization-achieving-cost-effectiveness-using-predictive-analytics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Standard Model-Like Higgs Decay into Displaced Heavy Neutrino Pairs in U(1)' Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Accomando">E. Accomando</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Delle%20Rose"> L. Delle Rose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Moretti"> S. Moretti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Olaiya"> E. Olaiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Shepherd-Themistocleous"> C. Shepherd-Themistocleous</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy sterile neutrinos are almost ubiquitous in the class of Beyond Standard Model scenarios aimed at addressing the puzzle that emerged from the discovery of neutrino flavour oscillations, hence the need to explain their masses. In particular, they are necessary in a U(1)’ enlarged Standard Model (SM). We show that these heavy neutrinos can be rather long-lived producing distinctive displaced vertices and tracks. Indeed, depending on the actual decay length, they can decay inside a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) detector far from the main interaction point and can be identified in the inner tracking system or the muon chambers, emulated here through the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector parameters. Among the possible production modes of such heavy neutrino, we focus on their pair production mechanism in the SM Higgs decay, eventually yielding displaced lepton signatures following the heavy neutrino decays into weak gauge bosons. By employing well-established triggers available for the CMS detector and using the data collected by the end of the LHC Run 2, these signatures would prove to be accessible with negligibly small background. Finally, we highlight the importance that the exploitation of new triggers, specifically, displaced tri-lepton ones, could have for this displaced vertex search. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beyond%20the%20standard%20model" title="beyond the standard model">beyond the standard model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displaced%20vertex" title=" displaced vertex"> displaced vertex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Higgs%20physics" title=" Higgs physics"> Higgs physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrino%20physics" title=" neutrino physics"> neutrino physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102211/standard-model-like-higgs-decay-into-displaced-heavy-neutrino-pairs-in-u1-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Optimisation of Wastewater Treatment for Yeast Processing Effluent Using Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shepherd%20Manhokwe">Shepherd Manhokwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheron%20Shoko"> Sheron Shoko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuthbert%20Zvidzai"> Cuthbert Zvidzai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the interactive effects of temperature and cultured bacteria on the performance of a biological treatment system of yeast processing wastewater were investigated. The main objective of this study was to investigate and optimize the operating parameters that reduce organic load and colour. Experiments were conducted based on a Central Composite Design (CCD) and analysed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three dependent parameters were either directly measured or calculated as response. These parameters were total Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal, colour reduction and total solids. COD removal efficiency of 26 % and decolourization efficiency of 44 % were recorded for the wastewater treatment. The optimized conditions for the biological treatment were found to be at 20 g/l cultured bacteria and 25 °C for COD reduction. For colour reduction optimum conditions were temperature of 30.35°C and bacterial formulation of 20g/l. Biological treatment of baker’s yeast processing effluent is a suitable process for the removal of organic load and colour from wastewater, especially when the operating parameters are optimized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COD%20reduction" title="COD reduction">COD reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast%20processing%20wastewater" title=" yeast processing wastewater"> yeast processing wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69508/optimisation-of-wastewater-treatment-for-yeast-processing-effluent-using-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Generational Differences in Leadership and Motivation: A Multilevel Study of Federal Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Selden">Sally Selden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Aggarwal"> Jyoti Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research on generational expectations about leadership is developing, but little scholarship exists on this topic for public sector organizations. Given the size of the federal workforce, this research study fills an important gap in the knowledge base and will inform public organizations how to approach managing and leading a multigenerational workforce. The research objectives of this study are to explore leadership preferences and motivation within generations and to determine whether these qualities differ by type of federal agency (e.g., law enforcement, human services, etc.). This paper will review the research on generational differences, expectations, and leadership with a focus on studies of public organizations. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), this study will examine how leadership and motivation vary by generation in the federal government workforce, controlling for other demographic characteristics. The study will also examine whether generational differences impact satisfaction and performance. The study will utilize the 2019 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multigenerational%20workforce" title="multigenerational workforce">multigenerational workforce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generational%20differences" title=" generational differences"> generational differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federal%20workforce" title=" federal workforce"> federal workforce</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130882/generational-differences-in-leadership-and-motivation-a-multilevel-study-of-federal-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Hominin Niche in the Times of Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilia%20Hunt">Emilia Hunt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20C.%20Reynolds"> Sally C. Reynolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20Coward"> Fiona Coward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Parracho%20Silva"> Fabio Parracho Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Hopley"> Philip Hopley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ecological niche modeling is widely used in conservation studies, but application to the extinct hominin species is a relatively new approach. Being able to understand what ecological niches were occupied by respective hominin species provides a new perspective into influences on evolutionary processes. Niche separation or overlap can tell us more about specific requirements of the species within the given timeframe. Many of the ancestral species lived through enormous climate changes: glacial and interglacial periods, changes in rainfall, leading to desertification or flooding of regions and displayed impressive levels of adaptation necessary for their survival. This paper reviews niche modeling methodologies and their application to hominin studies. Traditional conservation methods might not be directly applicable to extinct species and are not comparable to hominins. Hominin niche also includes aspects of technologies, use of fire and extended communication, which are not traditionally used in building conservation models. Future perspectives on how to improve niche modeling for extinct hominin species will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hominin%20niche" title="hominin niche">hominin niche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution" title=" evolution"> evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20niche%20modelling" title=" ecological niche modelling"> ecological niche modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140489/hominin-niche-in-the-times-of-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Integrated Models of Reading Comprehension: Understanding to Impact Teaching—The Teacher’s Central Role</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20A.%20Brown">Sally A. Brown</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last 30 years, researchers have developed models or frameworks to provide a more structured understanding of the reading comprehension process. Cognitive information processing models and social cognitive theories both provide frameworks to inform reading comprehension instruction. The purpose of this paper is to (a) provide an overview of the historical development of reading comprehension theory, (b) review the literature framed by cognitive information processing, social cognitive, and integrated reading comprehension theories, and (c) demonstrate how these frameworks inform instruction. As integrated models of reading can guide the interpretation of various factors related to student learning, an integrated framework designed by the researcher will be presented. Results indicated that features of cognitive processing and social cognitivism theory—represented in the integrated framework—highlight the importance of the role of the teacher. This model can aid teachers in not only improving reading comprehension instruction but in identifying areas of challenge for students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicit%20instruction" title="explicit instruction">explicit instruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20models%20of%20reading%20comprehension" title=" integrated models of reading comprehension"> integrated models of reading comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20comprehension" title=" reading comprehension"> reading comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%E2%80%99s%20role" title=" teacher’s role"> teacher’s role</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160592/integrated-models-of-reading-comprehension-understanding-to-impact-teaching-the-teachers-central-role" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Climate Change and Food Security: Effects of Ozone on Crops in North-West Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nauman%20Ahmad">Muhammad Nauman Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20B%C3%BCker"> Patrick Büker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Khalid"> Sofia Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leon%20Van%20Den%20Berg"> Leon Van Den Berg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ullah%20Shah"> Hamid Ullah Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Wahid"> Abdul Wahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Emberson"> Lisa Emberson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20A.%20Power"> Sally A. Power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mike%20Ashmore"> Mike Ashmore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although ozone is well-documented to affect crop yields in the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little knowledge of its effects around cities in more remote areas of South Asia. We surveyed crops around the city of Peshawar, Pakistan for visible injury, linking this to passive measurements of ozone concentrations. Foliar injury was found in the field on potato, onion and cotton when the mean monthly ozone concentration reached 35-55ppb. The symptoms on onion were reproduced in ozone fumigation experiments, which also showed that daytime ozone concentrations of 60ppb and above significantly reduce the growth of Pakistani varieties of both spinach (Beta vulgaris) and onion. Aphid infestation on spinach was also reduced at these elevated ozone concentrations. The ozone concentrations in Peshawar are comparable to those through many parts of northern south Asia, where ozone may therefore be a significant threat to sensitive vegetable crops in peri-urban regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone" title="ozone">ozone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20crops" title=" vegetable crops"> vegetable crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peshawar" title=" peshawar"> peshawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20asia" title=" south asia"> south asia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20539/climate-change-and-food-security-effects-of-ozone-on-crops-in-north-west-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">740</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Reliability of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Differentiation of Salivary Gland Tumors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Salah%20El%20Menshawy">Sally Salah El Menshawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20M.%20Ahmed%20GabAllah"> Ghada M. Ahmed GabAllah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Khedr%20M.%20Khedr"> Doaa Khedr M. Khedr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Our study aims to detect the diagnostic role of DTI in the differentiation of salivary glands benign and malignant lesions. Results: Our study included 50 patients (25males and 25 females) divided into 4 groups (benign lesions n=20, malignant tumors n=13, post-operative changes n=10 and normal n=7). 28 patients were with parotid gland lesions, 4 patients were with submandibular gland lesions and only 1 case with sublingual gland affection. The mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of malignant salivary gland tumors (n = 13) (0.380±0.082 and 0.877±0.234× 10⁻³ mm² s⁻¹) were significantly different (P<0.001) than that of benign tumors (n = 20) (0.147±0.03 and 1.47±0.605 × 10⁻³ mm² s⁻¹), respectively. The mean FA and ADC of post-operative changes (n = 10) were (0.211±0.069 and 1.63±0.20× 10⁻³ mm² s⁻¹) while that of normal glands (n =7) was (0.251±0.034and 1.54±0.29× 10⁻³ mm² s⁻¹), respectively. Using ADC to differentiate malignant lesions from benign lesions has an (AUC) of 0.810, with an accuracy of 69.7%. ADC used to differentiate malignant lesions from post-operative changes has (AUC) of 1.0, and an accuracy of 95.7%. FA used to discriminate malignant from benign lesions has (AUC) of 1.0, and an accuracy of 93.9%. FA used to differentiate malignant from post-operative changes has (AUC) of 0.923, and an accuracy of 95.7%. Combined FA and ADC used to differentiate malignant from benign lesions has (AUC) of 1.0, and an accuracy of 100%. Combined FA and ADC used to differentiate malignant from post-operative changes has (AUC) of 1.0, and an accuracy of 100%. Conclusion: Combined FA and ADC can differentiate malignant tumors from benign salivary gland lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20tensor%20imaging" title="diffusion tensor imaging">diffusion tensor imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salivary%20gland" title=" salivary gland"> salivary gland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumors" title=" tumors"> tumors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154784/reliability-of-diffusion-tensor-imaging-in-differentiation-of-salivary-gland-tumors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Validating Texture Analysis as a Tool for Determining Bioplastic (Bio)Degradation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20J.%20Price">Sally J. Price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greg%20F.%20Walker"> Greg F. Walker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyi%20Liu"> Weiyi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20R.%20Bunt"> Craig R. Bunt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastics, due to their long lifespan, are becoming more of an environmental concern once their useful life has been completed. There are a vast array of different types of plastic, and they can be found in almost every ecosystem on earth and are of particular concern in terrestrial environments where they can become incorporated into the food chain. Hence bioplastics have become more of interest to manufacturers and the public recently as they have the ability to (bio)degrade in commercial and in home composting situations. However, tools in which to quantify how they degrade in response to environmental variables are still being developed -one such approach is texture analysis using a TA.XT Texture Analyser, Stable Microsystems, was used to determine the force required to break or punch holes in standard ASTM D638 Type IV 3D printed bioplastic “dogbones” depending on the thicknesses of them. Manufacturers’ recommendations for calibrating the Texture Analyser are one such approach for standardising results; however, an independent technique using dummy dogbones and a substitute for the bioplastic was used alongside the samples. This approach was unexpectedly more valuable than realised at the start of the trial as irregular results were later discovered with the substitute material before valuable samples collected from the field were lost due to possible machine malfunction. This work will show the value of having an independent approach to machine calibration for accurate sample analysis with a Texture Analyser when analysing bioplastic samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioplastic" title="bioplastic">bioplastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture%20analyzer" title=" texture analyzer"> texture analyzer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145992/validating-texture-analysis-as-a-tool-for-determining-bioplastic-biodegradation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Oral Contraceptic Pill Associated Hypertension on the Sex Productive Women in the Andalas Public Health Center, Padang, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenia%20Nazar">Armenia Nazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20M.%20J.%20Anggelya"> Sally M. J. Anggelya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Dinda"> Rose Dinda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypertension prevalence in Indonesian has increased from time to time since 2013, especially in women. This cross-sectional analysis study was made to observe the incidence of hypertension on the reproductive women (20-49 years old) with several risk factors who use contraceptive pills. Data was collected from June - October 2016 in the Andalas Public Health Center, East Padang District, Indonesia. An amount of 167 respondents who were taken using consecutive sampling technique were participate in this study. Data of social demography, contraceptive used, duration of use, hypertension risk factors (age, family history, central obesity, body mass index, physical activity, and stress) were collected and analyzed statistically using Chi-Square analysis. Significant was taken at p < 0.05. Results showed that the woman with contraceptive pill was tent to get hypertension (OR = 3,90 and p < 0,001). In addition, woman with a family history OR of 6,77 (p = 0,09), mild physical activity OR of 3,67 (p = 0,33), moderate physical activity OR of 3,33 (p = 0,16), and stressed OR of 5.11 (p = 0.18). These indicated that the contraceptive pill user is 3.9 times more risk to develop hypertension than non-users, especially one with a family history of hypertension. Other risk factors were not associated with hypertension risk in these sex productive women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title="hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20contraceptive" title=" oral contraceptive"> oral contraceptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20productive%20woman" title=" sex productive woman"> sex productive woman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72577/oral-contraceptic-pill-associated-hypertension-on-the-sex-productive-women-in-the-andalas-public-health-center-padang-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Melatonin Suppresses the Brain Injury after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Hyperglycemic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20O.%20Saleha">Dalia O. Saleha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gehad%20A.%20Abdel%20Jaleela"> Gehad A. Abdel Jaleela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20W.%20Al-Awdana"> Sally W. Al-Awdana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to exacerbate cerebral ischemic injury. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of oral supplementation of melatonin (MLN) on cerebral injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/Re) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by a single injection of STZ (55mg/kg; i.p.), six weeks later the cerebral injury was induced by MCAO/Re. Twenty-four hours after the MCAO/Re the MLN (10 mg/kg) was injected for 14 consecutive days. Results of the present study revealed that MCAO/Re in STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats causes an increase in the oxidative stress biomarkers; it increased brain lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde; MDA) and brain level of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, MCAO/Reproduces a prominent increase in the brain inflammatory markers viz. interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis nuclear factor-alpha (TNF-α). Oral treatment of MCAO/Re in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats with MLN (10 mg/kg) for two weeks restored the brain levels of MDA, GSH, NO, IL-6, IL-1β and the TNF-α. MLN succeeded to suppress the exacerbation of damage in the brain of hyperglycemic rats. These results suggest that daily intake of MLN attenuates the exacerbation of cerebral ischemic injury in a diabetic state, which may be attributed to anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melatonin" title="melatonin">melatonin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20injury" title=" brain injury"> brain injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20ischemia%2Freperfusion" title=" cerebral ischemia/reperfusion"> cerebral ischemia/reperfusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperglycemia" title=" hyperglycemia"> hyperglycemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rats" title=" rats"> rats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89295/melatonin-suppresses-the-brain-injury-after-cerebral-ischemiareperfusion-in-hyperglycemic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> The Impact of Political Satire on the Balance of Political Powers in Egypt: The Case of El-Bernameg in Egypt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Barsoum">Sally Barsoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is providing a significant insight into the role of satire in Egyptian politics and how it has been received from the government and viewer’s point of view. It mainly sets out to test whether Bassem Youssef’s satirical program has played a significant role in Egypt recent politics and to investigate what is the nature and extent of this role. In order to test this hypothesis, the researcher chose to critically analyze one episode of Bassem Youssef’s satirical show, El Bernameg. This paper goes further to highlight that the aims of satire is to invite citizens to analyze, criticize and question people in power and the realm of politics rather than remain as untouched subjects by combining humor with critique in order to enhance citizens’ political awareness and perhaps even political engagement. Moreover it identifies that Bassem Youssef’s satire is to use laughter as a medium to communicate his political message. By first informing the public and secondly engaging them through laughter, satire plays a very constructive political role, which have been argued finally that Bassem Youssef has indeed played an important part in the Egyptian political scene of today and this can be measured by the degree of censorship that he has been subject to and the level of international and domestic reaction towards his satirical show. At the end, this paper is suggesting that the measure of a strong government is its ability not only to accommodate satire but also to learn from it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20satirist" title="political satirist">political satirist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassem%20Youssef" title=" Bassem Youssef"> Bassem Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20broadcasting%20center" title=" capital broadcasting center"> capital broadcasting center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TV%20channel" title=" TV channel"> TV channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muslims%20brotherhood%20regime" title=" muslims brotherhood regime"> muslims brotherhood regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ONTV%20Egyptian%20TV%20channel" title=" ONTV Egyptian TV channel"> ONTV Egyptian TV channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59872/the-impact-of-political-satire-on-the-balance-of-political-powers-in-egypt-the-case-of-el-bernameg-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Predicting Dose Level and Length of Time for Radiation Exposure Using Gene Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Sima">Chao Sima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanaz%20Ghandhi"> Shanaz Ghandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20A.%20Amundson"> Sally A. Amundson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20L.%20Bittner"> Michael L. Bittner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20J.%20Brenner"> David J. Brenner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a large-scale radiologic emergency, potentially affected population need to be triaged efficiently using various biomarkers where personal dosimeters are not likely worn by the individuals. It has long been established that radiation injury can be estimated effectively using panels of genetic biomarkers. Furthermore, the rate of radiation, in addition to dose of radiation, plays a major role in determining biological responses. Therefore, a better and more accurate triage involves estimating both the dose level of the exposure and the length of time of that exposure. To that end, a large in vivo study was carried out on mice with internal emitter caesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs). Four different injection doses of ¹³⁷Cs were used: 157.5 μCi, 191 μCi, 214.5μCi, and 259 μCi. Cohorts of 6~7 mice from the control arm and each of the dose levels were sacrificed, and blood was collected 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after injection for microarray RNA gene expression analysis. Using a generalized linear model with penalized maximum likelihood, a panel of 244 genes was established and both the doses of injection and the number of days after injection were accurately predicted for all 155 subjects using this panel. This has proven that microarray gene expression can be used effectively in radiation biodosimetry in predicting both the dose levels and the length of exposure time, which provides a more holistic view on radiation exposure and helps improving radiation damage assessment and treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caesium-137" title="caesium-137">caesium-137</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression%20microarray" title=" gene expression microarray"> gene expression microarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20responses%20prediction" title=" multivariate responses prediction"> multivariate responses prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20biodosimetry" title=" radiation biodosimetry"> radiation biodosimetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88188/predicting-dose-level-and-length-of-time-for-radiation-exposure-using-gene-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Protective Role of CoQ10 or L-Carnitine on the Integrity of the Myocardium in Doxorubicin Induced Toxicity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gehan%20A.%20Hegazy">Gehan A. Hegazy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20N.%20Mustafa"> Hesham N. Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20A.%20El%20Awdan"> Sally A. El Awdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marawan%20AbdelBaset"> Marawan AbdelBaset </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of different cancers and its clinical usage is hindered by the oxidative injury-related cardiotoxicity. This work aims to declare if the harmful effects of DOX on the heart can be alleviated with the use of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or L-carnitine. The study was performed on seventy-two female Wistar albino rats divided into six groups, 12 animals each: Control group; DOX group (10 mg/kg); CoQ10 group (200 mg/kg); L-carnitine group (100 mg/kg); DOX + CoQ10 group; DOX + L-carnitine group. CoQ10 and L-carnitine treatment orally started five days before a single dose of 10 mg/kg DOX that injected intraperitoneally (IP) then the treatment continued for ten days. At the end of the study, serum biochemical parameters of cardiac damage, oxidative stress indices, and histopathological changes were investigated. CoQ10 or L-carnitine showed noticeable effects in improving cardiac functions evidenced reducing serum enzymes as serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), leptin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Cardiotrophin-1, Troponin-I and Troponin-T. Also, alleviate oxidative stress, decrease of cardiac Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO) and restoring cardiac reduced glutathione levels to normal levels. Both corrected the cardiac alterations histologically and ultrastructurally. With visible improvements in -SMA, vimentin and eNOS immunohistochemical markers. CoQ10 or L-carnitine supplementation improves the functional and structural integrity of the myocardium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CoQ10" title="CoQ10">CoQ10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doxorubicin" title=" doxorubicin"> doxorubicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-Carnitine" title=" L-Carnitine"> L-Carnitine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiotoxicity" title=" cardiotoxicity"> cardiotoxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96528/protective-role-of-coq10-or-l-carnitine-on-the-integrity-of-the-myocardium-in-doxorubicin-induced-toxicity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Flexural Strengthening of Steel Beams Using Fiber Reinforced Polymers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Hosny">Sally Hosny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20G.%20Ibrahim"> Mona G. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Hassan"> N. K. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is one of the most environmentally method for strengthening and retrofitting steel structure buildings. The behaviour of flexural strengthened steel I-beams using FRP was investigated. The finite element (FE) models were developed using ANSYS® as verification cases to simulate the experimental behaviour of using FRP strips to flexure strengthen steel I-beam. Two experimental studies were selected for verification; first examined the effect of different thicknesses and modulus of elasticity while the second studied the effect of applying different carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) bond lengths. The proposed FE models were in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of failure modes, load bearing capacities and strain distribution on CFRP strips. The verified FE models can be utilized to conduct a parametric study where various widths (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mm), thickness (1.2, 2 and 4 mm) and lengths (1500, 1700 and 1800 mm) of CFRP were analyzed. The results presented clearly revealed that the load bearing capacity was significantly increased (+7%) when the width and thickness were increased. However, load bearing capacity was slightly affected using longer CFRP strips. Moreover, applying another glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) of 1500 mm in length, 50 mm in width and thicknesses of 1.2, 2 and 4 mm were investigated. Load bearing capacity of strengthened I-beams using GFRP is less than CFRP by average 8%. Statistical analysis has been conducted using Minitab®. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP" title="FRP">FRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthened%20steel%20I-beams" title=" strengthened steel I-beams"> strengthened steel I-beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural" title=" flexural"> flexural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title=" ANSYS"> ANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90119/flexural-strengthening-of-steel-beams-using-fiber-reinforced-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Antihyperglycemic Potential of Chrysin and Diosmin alone or in Combination against Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20A.%20El%20Awdan">Sally A. El Awdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gehad%20A.%20Abdel%20Jaleel"> Gehad A. Abdel Jaleel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20O%20Saleh"> Dalia O Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Badawi"> Manal Badawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affects a wide range of people worldwide and results in serious complications. Streptozotocin (STZ) causes selective cytotoxicity in the pancreatic β-cell, and it has been extensively used to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. The present study investigated the effects of diosmin and chrysin alone or in combination with each other on glucose level and on liver in STZ diabetic rats. Methods: In this study, rats were divided into six experimental groups (normal, untreated STZ-diabetic (60 mg/kg B.W., IP), treated STZ-diabetic with glycazide (10 mg/kg B.W, oral), treated STZ-diabetic with diosmin (100 mg/kg B. W., oral), treated STZ-diabetic with chrysin (80 mg/kg B.W., oral), treated STZ-diabetic with diosmin (50 mg/kg B.W, oral) + chrysin (40 mg/kg B.W., oral). After 2 weeks blood samples were withdrawn and glucose was measured. Animals were anaesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg), and sacrificed for dissecting liver. Results: Throughout the experimental period, all treatments significantly (P<0.05) lowered serum glucose, AST, ALT, triglyceride, cholesterol, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, the treated diabetic rats showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (P<0.05) in the liver compared to the diabetic control rats and inhibited diabetes-induced elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde in liver. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that diosmin and chrysin possess several treatment-oriented properties, including the control of hyperglycemia, antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: Considering these observations, it appears that diosmin and chrysin may be a useful supplement to delay the developmentof diabetes and its complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streptozocin" title=" streptozocin"> streptozocin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chrysin" title=" chrysin"> chrysin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diosmin" title=" diosmin"> diosmin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57801/antihyperglycemic-potential-of-chrysin-and-diosmin-alone-or-in-combination-against-streptozotocin-induced-hyperglycemia-in-rats-anti-inflammatory-and-antioxidant-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Audit of Post-Caesarean Section Analgesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Ashwell">Rachel Ashwell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Millett"> Sally Millett</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Adequate post-operative pain relief is a key priority in the delivery of caesarean sections. This improves patient experience, reduces morbidity and enables optimal mother-infant interaction. Recommendations outlined in the NICE guidelines for caesarean section (CS) include offering peri-operative intrathecal/epidural diamorphine and post-operative opioid analgesics; offering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) unless contraindicated and taking hourly observations for 12 hours following intrathecal diamorphine. Method: This audit assessed the provision of post-CS analgesia in 29 women over a two-week period. Indicators used were the use of intrathecal/epidural opioids, use of post-operative opioids and NSAIDs, frequency of observations and patient satisfaction with pain management on post-operative days 1 and 2. Results: All women received intrathecal/epidural diamorphine, 97% were prescribed post-operative opioids and all were prescribed NSAIDs unless contraindicated. Hourly observations were not maintained for 12 hours following intrathecal diamorphine. 97% of women were satisfied with their pain management on post-operative day 1 whereas only 75% were satisfied on day 2. Discussion: This service meets the proposed standards for the provision of post-operative analgesia, achieving high levels of patient satisfaction 1 day after CS. However, patient satisfaction levels are significantly lower on post-operative day 2, which may be due to reduced frequency of observations. The lack of an official audit standard for patient satisfaction on postoperative day 2 may result in reduced incentive to prioritise pain management at this stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caesarean%20section" title="Caesarean section">Caesarean section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analgesia" title=" analgesia"> analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20care" title=" postoperative care"> postoperative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20satisfaction" title=" patient satisfaction"> patient satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18795/audit-of-post-caesarean-section-analgesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Heat Sink Optimization for a High Power Wearable Thermoelectric Module</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohreh%20Soleimani">Zohreh Soleimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Salome%20Shahzad"> Sally Salome Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stamatis%20Zoras"> Stamatis Zoras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of current energy and environmental issues, the human body is known as one of the promising candidate for converting wasted heat to electricity (Seebeck effect). Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is one of the most prevalent means of harvesting body heat and converting that to eco-friendly electrical power. However, the uneven distribution of the body heat and its curvature geometry restrict harvesting adequate amount of energy. To perfectly transform the heat radiated by the body into power, the most direct solution is conforming the thermoelectric generators (TEG) with the arbitrary surface of the body and increase the temperature difference across the thermoelectric legs. Due to this, a computational survey through COMSOL Multiphysics is presented in this paper with the main focus on the impact of integrating a flexible wearable TEG with a corrugated shaped heat sink on the module power output. To eliminate external parameters (temperature, air flow, humidity), the simulations are conducted within indoor thermal level and when the wearer is stationary. The full thermoelectric characterization of the proposed TEG fabricated by a wavy shape heat sink has been computed leading to a maximum power output of 25µW/cm2 at a temperature gradient nearly 13°C. It is noteworthy that for the flexibility of the proposed TEG and heat sink, the applicability and efficiency of the module stay high even on the curved surfaces of the body. As a consequence, the results demonstrate the superiority of such a TEG to the most state of the art counterparts fabricated with no heat sink and offer a new train of thought for the development of self-sustained and unobtrusive wearable power suppliers which generate energy from low grade dissipated heat from the body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=device%20simulation" title="device simulation">device simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20thermoelectric%20module" title=" flexible thermoelectric module"> flexible thermoelectric module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sink" title=" heat sink"> heat sink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20body%20heat" title=" human body heat"> human body heat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96446/heat-sink-optimization-for-a-high-power-wearable-thermoelectric-module" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Saying of Conceptual Metaphors about Law, Righteousness, and Justice in the Old Testament: Cardinal Tendencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Prochazkova">Ivana Prochazkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cognitive linguistics offers biblical scholarship a specific methodological tool for analysis and interpretation of metaphorical expressions. Its methodology makes it possible to study processes involved in constructing the meaning of individual metaphorical expressions and whole conceptual metaphors; to analyze their function in the text; to follow the semantic development of concepts and conceptual domains, and to trace semantic changes and their motivation. The legal language in the Hebrew canon is extremely specific and formalized. Especially in the preambles to the collections of laws in the Pentateuch, more general considerations of the motif of keeping and breaking the law are encountered. This is also true in the psalms and wisdom literature. Legal theory and the philosophy of law deal with these motifs today. Metaphors play an important role in texts that reflect on more general issues. The purpose of this conference contribution is to write all over the central metaphorical concept, conceptual metaphor ךרד תורה (TORAH/LAW IS A JOURNEY), its function in the Torah and principal trends of the further development in the Prophets and the Writings. The conceptual metaphor תורה ךרד (TORAH/LAW IS A JOURNEY) constitutes a coherent system in conjunction with other metaphors that include e.g., conceptual metaphors נחה תורה (TORAH/LAW LEADS); its variant רעה תורה (TORAH IS A SHEPHERD/GUIDE); מקור תורה (TORAH/LAW IS A FOUNTAIN/A SOURCE OF LIFE). Some conceptual metaphors are well known, and their using are conventional (עשׁר תורה TORAH/LAW IS RICHES, שׂשׂון תורה TORAH/LAW IS DELIGHT, דבשׁ תורה TORAH/LAW IS HONEY, שׁמשׁ תורה TORAH/LAW IS SUN ). But some conceptual metaphors are by its occurrence innovative and unique (e.g., שׁריון תורה TORAH /LAW IS BODY ARMOR, כובע תורה TORAH /LAW IS A HELMET, בגד תורה TORAH/LAW IS A GARMENT, etc.). There will be given examples. Conceptual metaphors will be described by means of some 'metaphorical vehicles,' which are Hebrew expressions in the source domain that are repeatedly used in metaphorical conceptualizations of the target domain(s). Conceptual metaphors will be further described by means of 'generic narrative structures,' which are the particular aspects of a conceptual metaphor that emerge during the metaphorical structuring of concepts. They are the units of the metaphorical vehicles – the Hebrew expressions in the source domain – that structure concepts in much the same way that the conceptual metaphor in the target domain does. And finally, they will be described by means of the network of correspondences that exist between metaphorical vehicles – or generic metaphorical structures – and the Hebrew expressions in the target domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20theology" title="cognitive theology">cognitive theology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20in%20the%20Old%20Testament" title=" conceptual metaphor in the Old Testament"> conceptual metaphor in the Old Testament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphors%20of%20the%20Torah" title=" conceptual metaphors of the Torah"> conceptual metaphors of the Torah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20domain%20of%20law" title=" conceptual domain of law"> conceptual domain of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=righteousness" title=" righteousness"> righteousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20justice" title=" and justice"> and justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93054/the-saying-of-conceptual-metaphors-about-law-righteousness-and-justice-in-the-old-testament-cardinal-tendencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Free Will and Compatibilism in Decision Theory: A Solution to Newcomb’s Paradox</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Heyeon%20Hwang">Sally Heyeon Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within decision theory, there are normative principles that dictate how one should act in addition to empirical theories of actual behavior. As a normative guide to one’s actual behavior, evidential or causal decision-theoretic equations allow one to identify outcomes with maximal utility values. The choice that each person makes, however, will, of course, differ according to varying assignments of weight and probability values. Regarding these different choices, it remains a subject of considerable philosophical controversy whether individual subjects have the capacity to exercise free will with respect to the assignment of probabilities, or whether instead the assignment is in some way constrained. A version of this question is given a precise form in Richard Jeffrey’s assumption that free will is necessary for Newcomb’s paradox to count as a decision problem. This paper will argue, against Jeffrey, that decision theory does not require the assumption of libertarian freedom. One of the hallmarks of decision-making is its application across a wide variety of contexts; the implications of a background assumption of free will is similarly varied. One constant across the contexts of decision is that there are always at least two levels of choice for a given agent, depending on the degree of prior constraint. Within the context of Newcomb’s problem, when the predictor is attempting to guess the choice the agent will make, he or she is analyzing the determined aspects of the agent such as past characteristics, experiences, and knowledge. On the other hand, as David Lewis’ backtracking argument concerning the relationship between past and present events brings to light, there are similarly varied ways in which the past can actually be dependent on the present. One implication of this argument is that even in deterministic settings, an agent can have more free will than it may seem. This paper will thus argue against the view that a stable background assumption of free will or determinism in decision theory is necessary, arguing instead for a compatibilist decision theory yielding a novel treatment of Newcomb’s problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20theory" title="decision theory">decision theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibilism" title=" compatibilism"> compatibilism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20will" title=" free will"> free will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newcomb%E2%80%99s%20problem" title=" Newcomb’s problem"> Newcomb’s problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81175/free-will-and-compatibilism-in-decision-theory-a-solution-to-newcombs-paradox" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Interpersonal Variation of Salivary Microbiota Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjula%20Weerasekera">Manjula Weerasekera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Sissons"> Chris Sissons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Wong"> Lisa Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Anderson"> Sally Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann%20Holmes"> Ann Holmes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Cannon"> Richard Cannon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to characterize bacterial population and yeasts in saliva by Polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and measure yeast levels by culture. PCR-DGGE was performed to identify oral bacteria and yeasts in 24 saliva samples. DNA was extracted and used to generate DNA amplicons of the V2–V3 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene using PCR. Further universal primers targeting the large subunit rDNA gene (25S-28S) of fungi were used to amplify yeasts present in human saliva. Resulting PCR products were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using Universal mutation detection system. DGGE bands were extracted and sequenced using Sanger method. A potential relationship was evaluated between groups of bacteria identified by cluster analysis of DGGE fingerprints with the yeast levels and with their diversity. Significant interpersonal variation of salivary microbiome was observed. Cluster and principal component analysis of the bacterial DGGE patterns yielded three significant major clusters, and outliers. Seventeen of the 24 (71%) saliva samples were yeast positive going up to 10³ cfu/mL. Predominately, C. albicans, and six other species of yeast were detected. The presence, amount and species of yeast showed no clear relationship to the bacterial clusters. Microbial community in saliva showed a significant variation between individuals. A lack of association between yeasts and the bacterial fingerprints in saliva suggests the significant ecological person-specific independence in highly complex oral biofilm systems under normal oral conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denaturing%20gradient%20gel%20electrophoresis" title=" denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis"> denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20biofilm" title=" oral biofilm"> oral biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeasts" title=" yeasts"> yeasts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73969/interpersonal-variation-of-salivary-microbiota-using-denaturing-gradient-gel-electrophoresis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Neuroprotective Effect of Crocus sativus against Cerebral Ischemia in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehab%20F.%20Abdel-Rahman">Rehab F. Abdel-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20A.%20El%20Awdan"> Sally A. El Awdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehab%20R.%20Hegazy"> Rehab R. Hegazy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20F.%20Mansour"> Dina F. Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Ogaly"> Hanan A. Ogaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwan%20Abdelbaset"> Marwan Abdelbaset</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Disorders of the cerebral circulation are the leading cause of numerous neurological and psychiatric illnesses. The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) is considered to be a reliable and reproducible rodent model of cerebral ischemia. The purpose of the current study was to examine the neuroprotective effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) in a rat model of left middle cerebral artery MCAO. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized and subjected to 1 h of MCAO followed by 48 h reperfusion or sham surgery. One group of the ischemia operated animals was kept as left brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Another 2 operated groups received saffron extract (100 or 200 mg/kg, i.p) four times (60 min before the surgery, during the surgery, and on days 1 and 2 after the occlusion). During the experiment, behavioral tests were performed. After 72 h the animals were euthanized and their left brain hemispheres were used in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. Saffron administration revealed an improvement in I/R-induced alteration of locomotor balance and coordination ability of rats. Moreover, saffron decreased the brain content of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, brain natriuretic peptide and vascular endothelial growth factor with significant increase of reduced glutathione. Immunohistochemical evaluation of caspase-3 and Bax protein expression revealed reduction in I/R-enhanced apoptosis in saffron treated rats. In conclusion, saffron treatment decreases ischemic brain injury in association with inhibition of apoptotic and oxidative cell death in a dose dependent manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caspase-3" title="caspase-3">caspase-3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20ischemia" title=" cerebral ischemia"> cerebral ischemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crocus%20sativus" title=" Crocus sativus"> Crocus sativus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rats" title=" rats"> rats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20endothelial%20growth%20factor" title=" vascular endothelial growth factor"> vascular endothelial growth factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70152/neuroprotective-effect-of-crocus-sativus-against-cerebral-ischemia-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Association Between Short-term NOx Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations in East London: A Time Series Regression Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajar%20Hajmohammadi">Hajar Hajmohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Pfeffer"> Paul Pfeffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20De%20Simoni"> Anna De Simoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jim%20Cole"> Jim Cole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Griffiths"> Chris Griffiths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Hull"> Sally Hull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Heydecker"> Benjamin Heydecker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: There is strong interest in the relationship between short-term air pollution exposure and human health. Most studies in this field focus on serious health effects such as death or hospital admission, but air pollution exposure affects many people with less severe impacts, such as exacerbations of respiratory conditions. A lack of quantitative analysis and inconsistent findings suggest improved methodology is needed to understand these effectsmore fully. Method: We developed a time series regression model to quantify the relationship between daily NOₓ concentration and Asthma exacerbations requiring oral steroids from primary care settings. Explanatory variables include daily NOₓ concentration measurements extracted from 8 available background and roadside monitoring stations in east London and daily ambient temperature extracted for London City Airport, located in east London. Lags of NOx concentrations up to 21 days (3 weeks) were used in the model. The dependent variable was the daily number of oral steroid courses prescribed for GP registered patients with asthma in east London. A mixed distribution model was then fitted to the significant lags of the regression model. Result: Results of the time series modelling showed a significant relationship between NOₓconcentrations on each day and the number of oral steroid courses prescribed in the following three weeks. In addition, the model using only roadside stations performs better than the model with a mixture of roadside and background stations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series%20modeling" title=" time series modeling"> time series modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title=" road transport"> road transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144203/association-between-short-term-nox-exposure-and-asthma-exacerbations-in-east-london-a-time-series-regression-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Living Wall Systems: An Approach for Reducing Energy Consumption in Curtain Wall Façades </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Maher">Salma Maher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Elseragy"> Ahmed Elseragy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Eldeeb"> Sally Eldeeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, Urbanism and climate change lead to the rapid growth in energy consumption and the increase of using air-conditioning for cooling. In a hot climate area, there is a need for a new sustainable alternative that is more convenient for an existing situation. The Building envelope controls the heat transfer between the outside and inside the building. While the building façade is the most critical part, types of façade material play a vital role in influences of the energy demand for heating and cooling due to exposure to direct solar radiation throughout the day. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the use of curtain walls in office buildings façades started to increase rapidly, which lead to more cooling loads in energy consumption. Integrating the living wall system in urban areas as a sustainable renovation and energy-saving method for the built environment will reduce the energy demand of buildings and will also provide environmental benefits. Also, it will balance the urban ecology and enhance urban life quality. The results show that the living wall systems reduce the internal temperature up to 4.0 °C. This research carries on an analytical study by highlighting the different types of living wall systems and verifying their thermal performance, energy-saving, and life potential on the building. These assessing criteria include the reason for using the Living wall systems in the building façade as well as the effect it has upon the surrounding environment. Finally, the paper ends with concluding the effect of using living wall systems on building. And, it suggests a system as long-lasting, and energy-efficient solution to be applied in curtain wall façades in a hot climate area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20wall%20systems" title="living wall systems">living wall systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curtain%20walls" title=" curtain walls"> curtain walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-saving" title=" energy-saving"> energy-saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20life%20quality" title=" urban life quality "> urban life quality </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113776/living-wall-systems-an-approach-for-reducing-energy-consumption-in-curtain-wall-facades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Shepherd&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Shepherd&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div 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