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nanocluster absorbates</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: platinum nanocluster absorbates"> <meta name="keywords" content="platinum nanocluster absorbates"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="platinum nanocluster absorbates"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 141</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: platinum nanocluster absorbates</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Catalytic Thermodynamics of Nanocluster Adsorbates from Informational Statistical Mechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forrest%20Kaatz">Forrest Kaatz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhemar%20Bultheel"> Adhemar Bultheel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We use an informational statistical mechanics approach to study the catalytic thermodynamics of platinum and palladium cuboctahedral nanoclusters. Nanoclusters and their adatoms are viewed as chemical graphs with a nearest neighbor adjacency matrix. We use the Morse potential to determine bond energies between cluster atoms in a coordination type calculation. We use adsorbate energies calculated from density functional theory (DFT) to study the adatom effects on the thermodynamic quantities, which are derived from a Hamiltonian. Oxygen radical and molecular adsorbates are studied on platinum clusters and hydrogen on palladium clusters. We calculate the entropy, free energy, and total energy as the coverage of adsorbates increases from bridge and hollow sites on the surface. Thermodynamic behavior versus adatom coverage is related to the structural distribution of adatoms on the nanocluster surfaces. The thermodynamic functions are characterized using a simple adsorption model, with linear trends as the coverage of adatoms increases. The data exhibits size effects for the measured thermodynamic properties with cluster diameters between 2 and 5 nm. Entropy and enthalpy calculations of Pt-O2 compare well with previous theoretical data for Pt(111)-O2, and our Pd-H results show similar trends as experimental measurements for Pd-H2 nanoclusters. Our methods are general and may be applied to wide variety of nanocluster adsorbate systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20thermodynamics" title="catalytic thermodynamics">catalytic thermodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palladium%20nanocluster%20absorbates" title=" palladium nanocluster absorbates"> palladium nanocluster absorbates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20nanocluster%20absorbates" title=" platinum nanocluster absorbates"> platinum nanocluster absorbates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20mechanics" title=" statistical mechanics"> statistical mechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81052/catalytic-thermodynamics-of-nanocluster-adsorbates-from-informational-statistical-mechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Size, Shape, and Compositional Effects on the Order-Disorder Phase Transitions in Au-Cu and Pt-M (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) Nanocluster Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forrest%20Kaatz">Forrest Kaatz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhemar%20Bultheel"> Adhemar Bultheel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Au-Cu and Pt-M (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) nanocluster alloys are currently being investigated worldwide by many researchers for their interesting catalytic and nanophase properties. The low-temperature behavior of the phase diagrams is not well understood for alloys with nanometer sizes and shapes. These systems have similar bulk phase diagrams with the L12 (Au3Cu, Pt3M, AuCu3, and PtM3) structurally ordered intermetallics and the L10 structure for the AuCu and PtM intermetallics. We consider three models for low temperature ordering in the phase diagrams of Au–Cu and Pt–M nanocluster alloys. These models are valid for sizes ~ 5 nm and approach bulk values for sizes ~ 20 nm. We study the phase transition in nanoclusters with cubic, octahedral, and cuboctahedral shapes, covering the compositions of interest. These models are based on studying the melting temperatures in nanoclusters using the regular solution, mixing model for alloys. Experimentally, it is extremely challenging to determine thermodynamic data on nano–sized alloys. Reasonable agreement is found between these models and recent experimental data on nanometer clusters in the Au–Cu and Pt–M nanophase systems. From our data, experiments on nanocubes about 5 nm in size, of stoichiometric AuCu and PtM composition, could help differentiate between the models. Some available evidence indicates that ordered intermetallic nanoclusters have better catalytic properties than disordered ones. We conclude with a discussion of physical mechanisms whereby ordering could improve the catalytic properties of nanocluster alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20reactions" title="catalytic reactions">catalytic reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoalloys" title=" gold nanoalloys"> gold nanoalloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transitions" title=" phase transitions"> phase transitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20nanoalloys" title=" platinum nanoalloys"> platinum nanoalloys</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81051/size-shape-and-compositional-effects-on-the-order-disorder-phase-transitions-in-au-cu-and-pt-m-m-fe-co-and-ni-nanocluster-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Production of Size-Selected Tin Nanoclusters for Device Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20I.%20Ayesh">Ahmad I. Ayesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work reports on the fabrication of tin nanoclusters by sputtering and inert-gas condensation inside an ultra-high vacuum compatible system. This technique allows to fine tune the size and yield of nanoclusters by controlling the nanocluster source parameters. The produced nanoclusters are deposited on SiO2/Si substrate with pre-formed electrical electrodes to produce a nanocluster device. Those devices can be potentially used for gas sensor applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tin" title="tin">tin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoclusters" title=" nanoclusters"> nanoclusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inert-gas%20condensation" title=" inert-gas condensation"> inert-gas condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4049/production-of-size-selected-tin-nanoclusters-for-device-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Investigation of Graphene-MoS₂ Nanocomposite as Counter Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozhgan%20Hosseinnezhad">Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaladin%20Gharanjig"> Kamaladin Gharanjig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ghahari"> Mehdi Ghahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dye-sensitized solar cells are sustainable tool for generating electrical energy using sunlight. To develop this technology, obstacles such as cost and the use of expensive compounds must be overcome. Herein, we employed a MoS₂/graphene composite instead of platinum in the DSSCs. Platinum is an efficient and conventional counter electrode in the preparation of DSSCs, for this purpose, the effect of the presence of platinum electrode was also studied under similar conditions. The prepared nanocomposite product was checked by analysis methods to confirm the correctness of the construction and the desired structure. Finally, the DSSCs were fabricated using MoS₂/graphene composite, and to compare the results, the DSSCs were also prepared using platinum. The results showed that the prepared composite has a similar performance compared to platinum and can replace it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye-sensitized%20solar%20cell" title=" dye-sensitized solar cell"> dye-sensitized solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-composite%20MoS%E2%82%82" title=" nano-composite MoS₂"> nano-composite MoS₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20free" title=" platinum free"> platinum free</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177107/investigation-of-graphene-mos2-nanocomposite-as-counter-electrode-in-dye-sensitized-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline (PANI) – Platinum Nanocomposite </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Neeraj">Kumar Neeraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjan%20Haldar"> Ranjan Haldar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Srivastava"> Ashok Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyaniline used as light-emitting devices (LEDs), televisions, cellular telephones, automotive, Corrosion-resistant coatings, actuators and ability to have micro- and nano-devices. the electrical conductivity properties can be increased by introduction of metal nano particles. In the present study, platinum nano particles have been utilized to achieve the improved properties. Polyaniline and Pt-polyaniline composite are synthesized by chemical routes. The samples characterized by X-ray diffractometer show the amorphous nature of polyaniline and Pt-polyaniline composite. The Bragg’s diffraction peaks correspond to platinum nano particles and thermogravimetric analyzer predicts its decomposition at certain temperature. The current-potential characteristics of the samples are also studied which indicate a significant increasing the value of conductivity after introduction of pt nanoparticles in the matrix of polyaniline (PANI). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaniline" title="polyaniline">polyaniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD%20and%20platinum%20nanoparticles" title=" XRD and platinum nanoparticles"> XRD and platinum nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20sciences" title=" pharmaceutical sciences"> pharmaceutical sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26283/preparation-and-characterization-of-polyaniline-pani-platinum-nanocomposite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-Type Silicon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyong%20Il%20Chu"> Kyong Il Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25eV(A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54eV(B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-type Silicon for High-Speed Thyristor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GyongIl%20Chu"> GyongIl Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HoJong%20Ri"> HoJong Ri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS (Deep-level transient spectroscopy) measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25 eV (A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54 eV (B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gold" title=" Gold"> Gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Platinum" title=" Platinum"> Platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silicon" title=" Silicon"> Silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon-for-high-speed-thyristor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Malignant Ovarian Cancer Ascites Confers Platinum Chemoresistance to Ovarian Cancer Cells: A Combination Treatment with Crizotinib and 2 Hydroxyestradiol Restore Platinum Sensitivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yifat%20Koren%20Carmi">Yifat Koren Carmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abed%20Agbarya"> Abed Agbarya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazem%20Khamaisi"> Hazem Khamaisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Farah"> Raymond Farah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelena%20Shechtman"> Yelena Shechtman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Korobochka"> Roman Korobochka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20Gopas"> Jacob Gopas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Mahajna"> Jamal Mahajna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ovarian cancer (OC), the second most common form of gynecological malignancy, has a poor prognosis and is frequently identified in its late stages. The recommended treatment for OC typically includes a platinum-based chemotherapy, like carboplatin. Nonetheless, OC treatment has proven challenging due to toxicity and development of acquired resistance to therapy. Chemoresistance is a significant obstacle to a long-lasting response in OC patients, believed to arise from alterations within the cancer cells as well as within the tumor microenvironments (TME). Malignant ascites is a presenting feature in more than one-third of OC patients. It serves as a reservoir for a complex mixture of soluble factors, metabolites, and cellular components, providing a pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting microenvironment for the OC cells. Malignant ascites is also associated with metastasis and chemoresistance. In an attempt to elucidate the role of TME in chemoresistance of OC, we monitored the ability of soluble factors derived from ascites fluids to affect platinum sensitivity of OC cells. This research, compared ascites fluids from non-malignant cirrhotic patients to those from OC patients in terms of their ability to alter the platinum sensitivity of OC cells. Our findings indicated that exposure to OC ascites induces platinum chemoresistance on OC cells in 11 out of 13 cases (85%). In contrast, 75% of cirrhosis ascites (3 out of 4) failed to confer platinum chemoresistance to OC cells. Cytokine array analysis revealed that IL-6, and to a lesser extent HGF were enriched in OC ascites, whereas IL-22 was enriched in cirrhosis ascites. Pharmaceutical inhibitors that target the IL-6/JAK signaling pathway were mildly effective in overcoming the platinum chemoresistance induced by malignant ascites. In contrast, Crizotinib an HGF/c-MET inhibitor, and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2HE2) were effective in restoring platinum chemoresistance to OC. Our findings demonstrate the importance of OC ascites in supporting platinum chemoresistance as well as the potential of a combination therapy with Crizotinib and the estradiol metabolite 2HE2 to regain OC cells chemosensitivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20cancer" title="ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20chemoresistance" title=" platinum chemoresistance"> platinum chemoresistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malignant%20ascites" title=" malignant ascites"> malignant ascites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20microenvironment" title=" tumor microenvironment"> tumor microenvironment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-6" title=" IL-6"> IL-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-hydroxyestradiol" title=" 2-hydroxyestradiol"> 2-hydroxyestradiol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HGF" title=" HGF"> HGF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crizotinib" title=" crizotinib"> crizotinib</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170418/malignant-ovarian-cancer-ascites-confers-platinum-chemoresistance-to-ovarian-cancer-cells-a-combination-treatment-with-crizotinib-and-2-hydroxyestradiol-restore-platinum-sensitivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Targeting Mre11 Nuclease Overcomes Platinum Resistance and Induces Synthetic Lethality in Platinum Sensitive XRCC1 Deficient Epithelial Ovarian Cancers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Alblihy">Adel Alblihy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20Ali"> Reem Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashael%20Algethami"> Mashael Algethami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shoqafi"> Ahmed Shoqafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20S.%20Toss"> Michael S. Toss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliette%20Brownlie"> Juliette Brownlie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalie%20J.%20Tatum"> Natalie J. Tatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Hickson"> Ian Hickson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paloma%20Ordonez%20Moran"> Paloma Ordonez Moran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Grabowska"> Anna Grabowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennie%20N.%20Jeyapalan"> Jennie N. Jeyapalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20P.%20Mongan"> Nigel P. Mongan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20A.%20Rakha"> Emad A. Rakha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasan%20Madhusudan"> Srinivasan Madhusudan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Platinum resistance is a clinical challenge in ovarian cancer. Platinating agents induce DNA damage which activate Mre11 nuclease directed DNA damage signalling and response (DDR). Upregulation of DDR may promote chemotherapy resistance. Here we have comprehensively evaluated Mre11 in epithelial ovarian cancers. In clinical cohort that received platinum- based chemotherapy (n=331), Mre11 protein overexpression was associated with aggressive phenotype and poor progression free survival (PFS) (p=0.002). In the ovarian cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort (n=498), Mre11 gene amplification was observed in a subset of serous tumours (5%) which correlated highly with Mre11 mRNA levels (p<0.0001). Altered Mre11 levels was linked with genome wide alterations that can influence platinum sensitivity. At the transcriptomic level (n=1259), Mre11 overexpression was associated with poor PFS (p=0.003). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.642 for response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Pre-clinically, Mre11 depletion by gene knock down or blockade by small molecule inhibitor (Mirin) reversed platinum resistance in ovarian cancer cells and in 3D spheroid models. Importantly, Mre11 inhibition was synthetically lethal in platinum sensitive XRCC1 deficient ovarian cancer cells and 3D-spheroids. Selective cytotoxicity was associated with DNA double strand break (DSB) accumulation, S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. We conclude that pharmaceutical development of Mre11 inhibitors is a viable clinical strategy for platinum sensitization and synthetic lethality in ovarian cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRE11%3B%20XRCC1" title="MRE11; XRCC1">MRE11; XRCC1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20cancer" title=" ovarian cancer"> ovarian cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20sensitization" title=" platinum sensitization"> platinum sensitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20lethality" title=" synthetic lethality"> synthetic lethality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151440/targeting-mre11-nuclease-overcomes-platinum-resistance-and-induces-synthetic-lethality-in-platinum-sensitive-xrcc1-deficient-epithelial-ovarian-cancers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Application of a Series of New Platinum Organometallic Complexes Derived from Bidentate Schiff Base Ligands in the Hydrogenative and Dehydrogenative Silylation of Styrene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belhadj%20Lachachi">M. Belhadj Lachachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayeb%20Benabdallah"> Tayeb Benabdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hadj%20Youcef"> M. Hadj Youcef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20M.%20Lynama"> Jason M. Lynama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of inorganic chemistry to catalysis and environmental chemistry is a rapidly developing field, and novel catalytic metal complexes are now having an impact on the industrial development practice. Advances in organometallic chemistry are crucial for improving the design of compounds to reduce toxic side effects and understand their mechanisms of action. The reaction of platinum(II) organometallic complexes with bidentate Schiff bases derived from 2-Hydroxynaphtalydeneaniline have been carried out. It concerns N,N’-naphtalidene para-nitroaniline (1-a), the, the N,N’-naphtalidene para-ethoxyaniline (1-b), the N,N’-naphtalideneaniline (1-c), the N,N’-naphtalidene para-chloroaniline (1-d) and the N,N’-naphtalidene para-methoxyaniline (1-e). The ligands were fully characterized by I.R., elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI Mass Spectrometry and X-Ray Diffraction. The resulting metal complexes were obtained as a cationic species, through a simple substitution reaction, leading to two geometric isomers [1, 2], and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LIFDI Mass Spectrometry and supported by Elemental Analysis and X-Ray diffraction. Furthermore, a bimetallic platinum complex was prepared from the same ligands and dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum and characterized by X-Ray diffraction [3]The catalytic properties of the prepared platinum complexes in the hydrogenative and dehydrogenative silylation of styrene were investigated, and reaction kinetics conversion to products was determined by 1H-NMR and confirmed by GC-MS. This presentation will detail a comparison of the catalytic activity of five platinum organometallic complexes bearing different Schiff base ligands in the hydrosilylation of styrene, varying the experimental conditions of temperature, nature of the complex and the loading of the catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title="catalysis">catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrosilylation" title=" hydrosilylation"> hydrosilylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organometallic" title=" organometallic"> organometallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schiff%20base" title=" schiff base"> schiff base</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43642/application-of-a-series-of-new-platinum-organometallic-complexes-derived-from-bidentate-schiff-base-ligands-in-the-hydrogenative-and-dehydrogenative-silylation-of-styrene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Optimization of Platinum Utilization by Using Stochastic Modeling of Carbon-Supported Platinum Catalyst Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar">Ali Akbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungho%20Shin"> Seungho Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukkee%20Um"> Sukkee Um</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The composition of catalyst layers (CLs) plays an important role in the overall performance and cost of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Low platinum loading, high utilization, and more durable catalyst still remain as critical challenges for PEMFCs. In this study, a three-dimensional material network model is developed to visualize the nanostructure of carbon supported platinum Pt/C and Pt/VACNT catalysts in pursuance of maximizing the catalyst utilization. The quadruple-phase randomly generated CLs domain is formulated using quasi-random stochastic Monte Carlo-based method. This unique statistical approach of four-phase (i.e., pore, ionomer, carbon, and platinum) model is closely mimic of manufacturing process of CLs. Various CLs compositions are simulated to elucidate the effect of electrons, ions, and mass transport paths on the catalyst utilization factor. Based on simulation results, the effect of key factors such as porosity, ionomer contents and Pt weight percentage in Pt/C catalyst have been investigated at the represented elementary volume (REV) scale. The results show that the relationship between ionomer content and Pt utilization is in good agreement with existing experimental calculations. Furthermore, this model is implemented on the state-of-the-art Pt/VACNT CLs. The simulation results on Pt/VACNT based CLs show exceptionally high catalyst utilization as compared to Pt/C with different composition ratios. More importantly, this study reveals that the maximum catalyst utilization depends on the distance spacing between the carbon nanotubes for Pt/VACNT. The current simulation results are expected to be utilized in the optimization of nano-structural construction and composition of Pt/C and Pt/VACNT CLs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20layer" title="catalyst layer">catalyst layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20utilization" title=" platinum utilization"> platinum utilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title=" proton exchange membrane fuel cell"> proton exchange membrane fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20modeling" title=" stochastic modeling"> stochastic modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99103/optimization-of-platinum-utilization-by-using-stochastic-modeling-of-carbon-supported-platinum-catalyst-layer-of-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> One Step Synthesis of Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Upadhyay">Sanjay Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Om%20Prakash%20Pandey"> Om Prakash Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen has been promoted as an alternative source of energy, which is renewable, cost-effective, and nature-friendly. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can be used for mass production of hydrogen at a very low cost through electrochemical water splitting. An active and efficient electrocatalyst is required to perform this reaction. Till date, platinum (Pt) is a stable and efficient electrocatalyst towards HER. But its high cost and low abundance hiders its large scale uses. Molybdenum carbide having a similar electronic structure to platinum can be a great alternative to costly platinum. In this study, pure phase molybdenum carbide (Mo₂C) has been synthesized in a single step. Synthesis temperature and holding time have been optimized to obtain pure phases of Mo₂C. The surface, structural and morphological properties of as-synthesized compounds have been studied. The HER activity of as-synthesized compounds has been explored in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitance" title="capacitance">capacitance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fuel" title=" hydrogen fuel"> hydrogen fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molybdenum%20carbide" title=" molybdenum carbide"> molybdenum carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140482/one-step-synthesis-of-molybdenum-carbide-nanoparticles-for-efficient-hydrogen-evolution-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Platinum-Group Metal Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Maruyama">T. Maruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Saida"> T. Saida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Naritsuka"> S. Naritsuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Iijima"> S. Iijima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are generally synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Fe, Co, and Ni as catalysts. However, due to the Ostwald ripening of metal catalysts, the diameter distribution of the grown SWCNTs is considerably wide (>2 nm), which is not suitable for electronics applications. In addition, reduction in the growth temperature is desirable for fabricating SWCNT devices compatible with the LSI process. Herein, we performed SWCNT growth by alcohol catalytic CVD using platinum-group metal catalysts (Pt, Rh, and Pd) because these metals have high melting points, and the reduction in the Ostwald ripening of catalyst particles is expected. Our results revealed that web-like SWCNTs were obtained from Pt and Rh catalysts at growth temperature between 500 °C and 600 °C by optimizing the ethanol pressure. The SWCNT yield from Pd catalysts was considerably low. By decreasing the growth temperature, the diameter and chirality distribution of SWCNTs from Pt and Rh catalysts became small and narrow. In particular, the diameters of most SWCNTs grown using Pt catalysts were below 1 nm and their diameter distribution was considerably narrow. On the contrary, SWCNTs can grow from Rh catalysts even at 300 °C by optimizing the growth condition, which is the lowest temperature recorded for SWCNT growth. Our results demonstrated that platinum-group metals are useful for the growth of small-diameter SWCNTs and facilitate low-temperature growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title="carbon nanotube">carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodium" title=" rhodium"> rhodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palladium" title=" palladium"> palladium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90219/single-walled-carbon-nanotube-synthesis-by-chemical-vapor-deposition-using-platinum-group-metal-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Use of Cobalt Graphene in Place of Platnium in Catalytic Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Srinivasan">V. Srinivasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Sriram%20Nandan"> S. M. Sriram Nandan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today in the modern world the most important problem faced by the mankind is increasing the pollution in a very high rate. It affects the ecosystem of the environment and also aids to increase the greenhouse effect. The exhaust gases from the automobile is the major cause of a pollution. Automobiles have increased to a large number which has increased the pollution of our world to an alarming rate. There are two methods of controlling the pollution namely, pre-pollution control method and post-pollution control method. This paper is based on controlling the emission by post-pollution control method. The ratio of surface area of nanoparticles to the volume of the nanoparticles is inversely proportional to the radius of the nanoparticles. So decreasing the radius, this ratio is leading resulting in an increased rate of reaction and thus the concentration of the pollution is decreased. To achieve this objective, use of cobalt-graphene element is proposed. The proposed method is mainly to decrease the cost of platinum as it is expensive. This has a longer life than the platinum-based catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile%20emissions" title="automobile emissions">automobile emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20converter" title=" catalytic converter"> catalytic converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt-graphene" title=" cobalt-graphene"> cobalt-graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replacement%20of%20platinum" title=" replacement of platinum "> replacement of platinum </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19725/use-of-cobalt-graphene-in-place-of-platnium-in-catalytic-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Preparation, Characterisation, and Measurement of the in vitro Cytotoxicity of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Cytotoxic Pt(II) Oxadiazoline Complexes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Wagner">G. Wagner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Herrmann"> R. Herrmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cytotoxic platinum compounds play a major role in the chemotherapy of a large number of human cancers. However, due to the severe side effects for the patient and other problems associated with their use, there is a need for the development of more efficient drugs and new methods for their selective delivery to the tumours. One way to achieve the latter could be in the use of nanoparticular substrates that can adsorb or chemically bind the drug. In the cell, the drug is supposed to be slowly released, either by physical desorption or by dissolution of the particle framework. Ideally, the cytotoxic properties of the platinum drug unfold only then, in the cancer cell and over a longer period of time due to the gradual release. In this paper, we report on our first steps in this direction. The binding properties of a series of cytotoxic Pt(II) oxadiazoline compounds to mesoporous silica particles has been studied by NMR and UV/vis spectroscopy. High loadings were achieved when the Pt(II) compound was relatively polar, and has been dissolved in a relatively nonpolar solvent before the silica was added. Typically, 6-10 hours were required for complete equilibration, suggesting the adsorption did not only occur to the outer surface but also to the interior of the pores. The untreated and Pt(II) loaded particles were characterised by C, H, N combustion analysis, BET/BJH nitrogen sorption, electron microscopy (REM and TEM) and EDX. With the latter methods we were able to demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the Pt(II) compound on and in the silica particles, and no Pt(II) bulk precipitate had formed. The in vitro cytotoxicity in a human cancer cell line (HeLa) has been determined for one of the new platinum compounds adsorbed to mesoporous silica particles of different size, and compared with the corresponding compound in solution. The IC50 data are similar in all cases, suggesting that the release of the Pt(II) compound was relatively fast and possibly occurred before the particles reached the cells. Overall, the platinum drug is chemically stable on silica and retained its activity upon prolonged storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title="cytotoxicity">cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoporous%20silica" title=" mesoporous silica"> mesoporous silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20compounds" title=" platinum compounds"> platinum compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42433/preparation-characterisation-and-measurement-of-the-in-vitro-cytotoxicity-of-mesoporous-silica-nanoparticles-loaded-with-cytotoxic-ptii-oxadiazoline-complexes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Risk of Occupational Exposure to Cytotoxic Drugs: The Role of Handling Procedures of Hospital Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Silva">J. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Arezes"> P. Arezes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Schierl"> R. Schierl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Costa"> N. Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to study environmental contamination by cytostatic drugs in Portugal hospitals, sampling campaigns were conducted in three hospitals in 2015 (112 samples). Platinum containing drugs and fluorouracil were chosen because both were administered in high amounts. The detection limit was 0.01 pg/cm² for platinum and 0.1 pg/cm² for fluorouracil. The results show that spills occur mainly on the patient`s chair, while the most referenced occurrence is due to an inadequately closed wrapper. Day hospitals facilities were detected as having the largest number of contaminated samples and with higher levels of contamination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytostatic" title="cytostatic">cytostatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedures" title=" procedures"> procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handling" title=" handling"> handling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68387/risk-of-occupational-exposure-to-cytotoxic-drugs-the-role-of-handling-procedures-of-hospital-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions with Platinum Compounds in Cancer Chemotherapy at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meena%20Kumari">Meena Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajitha%20Sharma"> Ajitha Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohan%20Babu%20Amberkar"> Mohan Babu Amberkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasitha%20Manohar"> Hasitha Manohar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Thomas"> Joseph Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20L.%20Bairy"> K. L. Bairy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: To evaluate the pattern of occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with platinum compounds in cancer chemotherapy at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive case record study done on patients admitted to the medical oncology ward of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal from July to November 2012. Inclusion criteria comprised of patients of both sexes and all ages diagnosed with cancer and were on platinum compounds, who developed at least one adverse drug reaction during or after the treatment period. CDSCO proforma was used for reporting ADRs. Causality was assessed using Naranjo Algorithm. Results: A total of 65 patients was included in the study. Females comprised of 67.69% and rest males. Around 49.23% of the ADRs were seen in the age group of 41-60 years, followed by 20 % in 21-40 years, 18.46% in patients over 60 years and 12.31% in 1-20 years age group. The anticancer agents which caused adverse drug reactions in our study were carboplatin (41.54%), cisplatin (36.92%) and oxaliplatin (21.54%). Most common adverse drug reactions observed were oral candidiasis (21.53%), vomiting (16.92%), anaemia (12.3%), diarrhoea (12.3%) and febrile neutropenia (0.08%). The results of the causality assessment of most of the cases were probable. Conclusion: The adverse effect of chemotherapeutic agents is a matter of concern in the pharmacological management of cancer as it affects the quality of life of patients. This information would be useful in identifying and minimizing preventable adverse drug reactions while generally enhancing the knowledge of the prescribers to deal with these adverse drug reactions more efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20drug%20reactions" title="adverse drug reactions">adverse drug reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20compounds" title=" platinum compounds"> platinum compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemotherapy" title=" chemotherapy"> chemotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1349/pattern-of-adverse-drug-reactions-with-platinum-compounds-in-cancer-chemotherapy-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-south-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Method Validation for Determining Platinum and Palladium in Catalysts Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marin%20Senila">Marin Senila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oana%20Cadar"> Oana Cadar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thorsten%20Janisch"> Thorsten Janisch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Lacroix-Desmazes"> Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study presents the analytical capability and validation of a method based on microwave-assisted acid digestion for quantitative determination of platinum and palladium in catalysts using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In order to validate the method, the main figures of merit such as limit of detection and limit of quantification, precision and accuracy were considered and the measurement uncertainty was estimated based on the bottom-up approach according to the international guidelines of ISO/IEC 17025. Limit of detections, estimated from blank signal using 3 s criterion, were 3.0 mg/kg for Pt and respectively 3.6 mg/kg for Pd, while limits of quantification were 9.0 mg/kg for Pt and respectively 10.8 mg/kg for Pd. Precisions, evaluated as standard deviations of repeatability (n=5 parallel samples), were less than 10% for both precious metals. Accuracies of the method, verified by recovery estimation certified reference material NIST SRM 2557 - pulverized recycled monolith, were 99.4 % for Pt and 101% for Pd. The obtained limit of quantifications and accuracy were satisfactory for the intended purpose. The paper offers all the steps necessary to validate the determination method for Pt and Pd in catalysts using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20analysis" title="catalyst analysis">catalyst analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICP-OES" title=" ICP-OES"> ICP-OES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20validation" title=" method validation"> method validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palladium" title=" palladium"> palladium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102238/method-validation-for-determining-platinum-and-palladium-in-catalysts-using-inductively-coupled-plasma-optical-emission-spectrometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Surface Segregation-Inspired Design for Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaxin%20Tang">Yaxin Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingao%20Hou"> Mingao Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20He"> Qian He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangfu%20Luo"> Guangfu Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bimetallic nanoparticles serve as a promising class of catalysts with tunable properties suitable for diverse catalytic reactions, yet a comprehensive understanding of their actual structures under operating conditions and the optimal design principles remains largely elusive. In this study, we unveil a prevalent surface segregation phenomenon in nearly 100 platinum-group-element-based bimetallic nanoparticles through first principles-based molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings highlight that two components in a nanoparticle with relatively lower surface energy tend to segregate to the surface. Motivated by this discovery, we propose a deliberate exploitation of surface segregation in designing bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts, aiming for heightened stability and reduced consumption of precious metals. To validate this strategy, we further investigate 36 platinum-based bimetallic nanoparticles for propane dehydrogenation catalysis. Through a systematic examination of catalytic sites on nanoparticles, we identify several systems as top candidates with Pt-enriched surfaces, remarkable thermal stability, and superior catalytic activity for propane dehydrogenation. The insights gained garnered from this study are anticipated to provide a valuable framework for the optimal design of other bimetallic nanoparticles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bimetallic%20nanoparticles" title="bimetallic nanoparticles">bimetallic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum-group%20element" title=" platinum-group element"> platinum-group element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20segregation" title=" surface segregation"> surface segregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-principles%20calculations" title=" first-principles calculations"> first-principles calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183113/surface-segregation-inspired-design-for-bimetallic-nanoparticle-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Bimetallic Silver-Platinum Core-Shell Nanoparticles Formation and Spectroscopic Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mangaka%20C.%20Matoetoe">Mangaka C. Matoetoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fredrick%20O.%20Okumu"> Fredrick O. Okumu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal nanoparticles have attracted a great interest in scientific research and industrial applications, owing to their unique large surface area-to-volume ratios and quantum-size effects. Supported metal nanoparticles play a pivotal role in areas such as nanoelectronics, energy storage and as catalysts for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Monometallics (Ag, Pt) and Silver-platinum (Ag-Pt) bimetallic (BM) nanoparticles (NPs) with a mole fraction (1:1) were prepared by reduction / co-reduction of hexachloroplatinate and silver nitrate with sodium citrate. The kinetics of the nanoparticles formation was monitored using UV-visible spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used for size, film morphology as well as elemental composition study. Fast reduction processes was noted in Ag NPs (0.079 s-1) and Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (0.082 s-1) with exception of Pt NPs (0.006 s-1) formation. The UV-visible spectra showed characteristic peaks in Ag NPs while the Pt NPs and Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 had no observable absorption peaks. UV visible spectra confirmed chemical reduction resulting to formation of NPs while TEM images depicted core-shell arrangement in the Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 with particle size of 20 nm. Monometallic Ag and Pt NPs reported particle sizes of 60 nm and 2.5 nm respectively. The particle size distribution in the BM NPs was found to directly depend on the concentration of Pt NPs around the Ag core. EDX elemental composition analysis of the nanoparticle suspensions confirmed presence of the Ag and Pt in the Ag-Pt NPs 1:1. All the spectroscopic analysis confirmed the successful formation of the nanoparticles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title="kinetics">kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver" title=" silver "> silver </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36810/bimetallic-silver-platinum-core-shell-nanoparticles-formation-and-spectroscopic-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Efficacy and Safety of Updated Target Therapies for Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Hang%20Leung">John Hang Leung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyh-Yau%20Wang"> Shyh-Yau Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hei-Tung%20Yip"> Hei-Tung Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fion"> Fion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Tsung-chin"> Ho Tsung-chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnes%20LF%20Chan"> Agnes LF Chan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer has a short overall survival of 9–12 months and limited treatment options. The combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy appears to be a promising treatment option for patients with ovarian cancer, particularly to patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PRrOC). However, there are no direct head-to-head clinical trials comparing their efficacy and toxicity. We, therefore, used a network to directly and indirectly compare seven newer immunotherapies or targeted therapies combined with chemotherapy in platinum-resistant relapsed ovarian cancer, including antibody-drug conjugates, PD-1 (Programmed death-1) and PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1), PARP (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase) inhibitors, TKIs (Tyrosine kinase inhibitors), and antiangiogenic agents. Methods: We searched PubMed (Public/Publisher MEDLINE), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database), and the Cochrane Library electronic databases for phase II and III trials involving PRrOC patients treated with immunotherapy or targeted therapy plus chemotherapy. The quality of included trials was assessed using the GRADE method. The primary outcomes compared were progression-free survival, the secondary outcomes were overall survival and safety. Results: Seven randomized controlled trials involving a total of 2058 PRrOC patients were included in this analysis. Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy showed statistically significant differences in PFS (Progression-free survival) but not OS (Overall survival) for all interested targets and immunotherapy regimens; however, according to the heatmap analysis, bevacizumab plus chemotherapy had a statistically significant risk of ≥grade 3 SAEs (Severe adverse effects), particularly hematological severe adverse events (neutropenia, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia). Conclusions: Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy resulted in better PFS as compared with all interested regimens for the treatment of PRrOC. However, statistical differences in SAEs as bevacizumab plus chemotherapy is associated with a greater risk for hematological SAE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum-resistant%20recurrent%20ovarian%20cancer" title="platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer">platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20meta-analysis" title=" network meta-analysis"> network meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20checkpoint%20inhibitors" title=" immune checkpoint inhibitors"> immune checkpoint inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20therapy" title=" target therapy"> target therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiangiogenic%20agents" title=" antiangiogenic agents"> antiangiogenic agents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163813/efficacy-and-safety-of-updated-target-therapies-for-treatment-of-platinum-resistant-recurrent-ovarian-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Peptide-Gold Nanocluster as an Optical Biosensor for Glycoconjugate Secreted from Leishmania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20A.%20Prada">Y. A. Prada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fanny%20Guzman"> Fanny Guzman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Cabanzo"> Rafael Cabanzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20J.%20Castillo"> John J. Castillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrique%20Mejia-Ospino"> Enrique Mejia-Ospino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we show the important results about of synthesis of photoluminiscents gold nanoclusters using a small peptide as template for biosensing applications. Interestingly, we design one peptide (NBC2854) homologue to conservative domain from 215 250 residue of a galactolectin protein which can recognize the proteophosphoglycans (PPG) from Leishmania. Peptide was synthetized by multiple solid phase synthesis using FMoc group methodology in acid medium. Finally, the peptide was purified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using a Vydac C-18 preparative column and the detection was at 215 nm using a Photo Diode Array detector. Molecular mass of this peptide was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and to verify the α-helix structure we use Circular Dichroism. By means of the methodology used we obtained a novel fluorescents gold nanoclusters (AuNC) using NBC2854 as a template. In this work, we described an easy and fast microsonic method for the synthesis of AuNC with ≈ 3.0 nm of hydrodynamic size and photoemission at 630 nm. The presence of cysteine residue in the C-terminal of the peptide allows the formation of Au-S bond which confers stability to Peptide-based gold nanoclusters. Interactions between the peptide and gold nanoclusters were confirmed by X-ray Photoemission and Raman Spectroscopy. Notably, from the ultrafine spectra shown in the MALDI-TOF analysis which containing only 3-7 KDa species was assigned to Au₈-₁₈[NBC2854]₂ clusters. Finally, we evaluated the Peptide-gold nanocluster as an optical biosensor based on fluorescence spectroscopy and the fluorescence signal of PPG (0.1 µg-mL⁻¹ to 1000 µg-mL⁻¹) was amplified at the same wavelength emission (≈ 630 nm). This can suggest that there is a strong interaction between PPG and Pep@AuNC, therefore, the increase of the fluorescence intensity can be related to the association mechanism that take place when the target molecule is sensing by the Pep@AuNC conjugate. Further spectroscopic studies are necessary to evaluate the fluorescence mechanism involve in the sensing of the PPG by the Pep@AuNC. To our best knowledge the fabrication of an optical biosensor based on Pep@AuNC for sensing biomolecules such as Proteophosphoglycans which are secreted in abundance by parasites Leishmania. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensing" title="biosensing">biosensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title=" fluorescence"> fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leishmania" title=" Leishmania"> Leishmania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peptide-gold%20nanoclusters" title=" peptide-gold nanoclusters"> peptide-gold nanoclusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteophosphoglycans" title=" proteophosphoglycans"> proteophosphoglycans</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102599/peptide-gold-nanocluster-as-an-optical-biosensor-for-glycoconjugate-secreted-from-leishmania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Antireflection Performance of Graphene Directly Deposited on Silicon Substrate by the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Naghdi">Samira Naghdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyong%20Yop%20Rhee"> Kyong Yop Rhee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transfer-free synthesis of graphene on dielectric substrates is highly desirable but remains challenging. Here, by using a thin sacrificial platinum layer as a catalyst, graphene was deposited on a silicon substrate through a simple and transfer-free synthesis method. During graphene growth, the platinum layer evaporated, resulting in direct deposition of graphene on the silicon substrate. In this work, different growth conditions of graphene were optimized. Raman spectra of the produced graphene indicated that the obtained graphene was bilayer. The sheet resistance obtained from four-point probe measurements demonstrated that the deposited graphene had high conductivity. Reflectance spectroscopy of graphene-coated silicon showed a decrease in reflectance across the wavelength range of 200-800 nm, indicating that the graphene coating on the silicon surface had antireflection capabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antireflection%20coating" title="antireflection coating">antireflection coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20sheet%20resistance" title=" the sheet resistance"> the sheet resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92381/antireflection-performance-of-graphene-directly-deposited-on-silicon-substrate-by-the-atmospheric-pressure-chemical-vapor-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Mordenite as Catalyst Support for Complete Volatile Organic Compounds Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20A.%20Kalvachev">Yuri A. Kalvachev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Totka%20D.%20Todorova"> Totka D. Todorova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zeolite mordenite has been investigated as a transition metal support for the preparation of efficient catalysts in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The highly crystalline mordenite samples were treated with hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride to get hierarchical material with secondary porosity. The obtained supports by this method have a high active surface area, good diffusion properties and prevent the extraction of metal components during catalytic reactions. The active metal phases platinum and copper were loaded by impregnation on both mordenite materials (parent and acid treated counterparts). Monometalic Pt and Cu, and bimetallic Pt/Cu catalysts were obtained. The metal phases were fine dispersed as nanoparticles on the functional porous materials. The catalysts synthesized in this way were investigated in the reaction of complete oxidation of propane and benzene. Platinum, copper and platinum/copper were loaded and there catalytic activity was investigated and compared. All samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron measurements (XPS) and temperature programed reduction (TPR). The catalytic activity of the samples obtained is investigated in the reaction of complete oxidation of propane and benzene by using of Gas Chromatography (GC). The oxidation of three organic molecules was investigated—methane, propane and benzene. The activity of metal loaded mordenite catalysts for methane oxidation is almost the same for parent and treated mordenite as a support. For bigger molecules as propane and benzene, the activity of catalysts based on treated mordenite is higher than those based on parent zeolite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20loaded%20catalysts" title="metal loaded catalysts">metal loaded catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mordenite" title=" mordenite"> mordenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOCs%20oxidation" title=" VOCs oxidation"> VOCs oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolites" title=" zeolites"> zeolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130542/mordenite-as-catalyst-support-for-complete-volatile-organic-compounds-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Carbon-Foam Supported Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albert%20Mufundirwa">Albert Mufundirwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoru%20Yoshioka"> Satoru Yoshioka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ogi"> K. Ogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeharu%20Sugiyama"> Takeharu Sugiyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20F.%20Harrington"> George F. Harrington</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bretislav%20Smid"> Bretislav Smid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Cunning"> Benjamin Cunning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazunari%20Sasaki"> Kazunari Sasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akari%20Hayashi"> Akari Hayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20M.%20Lyth"> Stephen M. Lyth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are electrochemical energy conversion devices used for portable, residential and vehicular applications due to their low emissions, high efficiency, and quick start-up characteristics. However, PEMFCs generally use expensive, Pt-based electrocatalysts as electrode catalysts. Due to the high cost and limited availability of platinum, research and development to either drastically reduce platinum loading, or replace platinum with alternative catalysts is of paramount importance. A combination of high surface area supports and nano-structured active sites is essential for effective operation of catalysts. We synthesize carbon foam supports by thermal decomposition of sodium ethoxide, using a template-free, gram scale, cheap, and scalable pyrolysis method. This carbon foam has a high surface area, highly porous, three-dimensional framework which is ideal for electrochemical applications. These carbon foams can have surface area larger than 2500 m²/g, and electron microscopy reveals that they have micron-scale cells, separated by few-layer graphene-like carbon walls. We applied this carbon foam as a platinum catalyst support, resulting in the improved electrochemical surface area and mass activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), compared to carbon black. Similarly, silver-decorated carbon foams showed higher activity and efficiency for electrochemical carbon dioxide conversion than silver-decorated carbon black. A promising alternative to Pt-catalysts for the ORR is iron-impregnated nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts (Fe-N-C). Doping carbon with nitrogen alters the chemical structure and modulates the electronic properties, allowing a degree of control over the catalytic properties. We have adapted our synthesis method to produce nitrogen-doped carbon foams with large surface area, using triethanolamine as a nitrogen feedstock, in a novel bottom-up protocol. These foams are then infiltrated with iron acetate (FeAc) and pyrolysed to form Fe-N-C foams. The resulting Fe-N-C foam catalysts have high initial activity (half-wave potential of 0.68 VRHE), comparable to that of commercially available Pt-free catalysts (e.g., NPC-2000, Pajarito Powder) in acid solution. In alkaline solution, the Fe-N-C carbon foam catalysts have a half-wave potential of 0.89 VRHE, which is higher than that of NPC-2000 by almost 10 mVRHE, and far out-performing platinum. However, the durability is still a problem at present. The lessons learned from X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements will be used to carefully design Fe-N-C catalysts for higher performance PEMFCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon-foam" title="carbon-foam">carbon-foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20electrolyte%20membrane%20fuel%20cells" title=" polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells"> polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pt-free" title=" Pt-free"> Pt-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-N-C" title=" Fe-N-C"> Fe-N-C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORR" title=" ORR"> ORR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87590/carbon-foam-supported-electrocatalysts-for-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Effect of a Synthetic Platinum-Based Complex on Autophagy Induction in Leydig TM3 Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzati%20Givi%20M.">Ezzati Givi M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoveizi%20E."> Hoveizi E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nezhad%20Marani%20N."> Nezhad Marani N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Platinum-based anticancer therapeutics are the most widely used drugs in clinical chemotherapy but have major limitations and various side effects in clinical applications. Gonadotoxicity and sterility is one of the most common complications for cancer survivors, which seem to be drug-specific and dose-related. Therefore, many efforts have been dedicated to discovering a new structure of platinum-based anticancer agents with improved therapeutic index, fewer side effects. In this regard, new Pt(II)-phosphane complexes containing heterocyclic thionate ligands (PCTL) have been synthesized, which show more potent antitumor activities in comparison to cisplatin. Cisplatin, the best leading metal-based antitumor drug in the field, induces testicular toxicity on Leydig and Sertoli cells leading to serious side effects such as azoospermia and infertility. Therefore in the present study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of PCTL on mice TM4 Sertoli cells with particular emphasis on the role of autophagy in comparison to cisplatin. In this study, an MTT assay was performed to evaluate the IC50 of PCTL and to analyze the TM3 Leydig cell's viability. Cells morphology was evaluated via invert microscope and Changing in morphology for nuclei swelling or autophagic vacuoles formation were assessed by DAPI and MDC staining. Testosterone production in the culture medium was measured using an ELISA kit. Finally, the expression of Autophagy-related genes, Atg5, Beclin1 and p62, were analyzed by qPCR. Based on the obtained results by MTT, the IC50 value of PCTL was 50 μM in TM3 cells and cytotoxic effects was in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cells morphological changes investigated by inverted microscopy, DAPI, and MDC staining which showed the cytotoxic concentrations of PCTL was significantly higher than cisplatin in the treated TM3 Leydig cells. The results of PCR showed a lack of expression of the p62, Atg5 and Beclin1 gene in TM3 cells treated with PCTL in comparison to cisplatin and control groups. It should be noted that the effects of 25 μM PCTL concentration on TM3 cells have been associated with increased testosterone production and secretion, which requires further study to explain the possible causes and involved molecular mechanisms. The results of the study showed that the PCTL had less-lethal effects on TM3 cells in comparison to cisplatin and probably did not induce autophagy in TM3 cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum-based%20anticancer%20agents" title="platinum-based anticancer agents">platinum-based anticancer agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cisplatin" title=" cisplatin"> cisplatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leydig%20TM3%20cells" title=" Leydig TM3 cells"> Leydig TM3 cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title=" autophagy"> autophagy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149103/effect-of-a-synthetic-platinum-based-complex-on-autophagy-induction-in-leydig-tm3-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Comparison of Transparent Nickel Doped Cobalt Sulfide and Platinum Counter Electrodes Used in Quasi-Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitra%20Sygkridou">Dimitra Sygkridou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Karageorgopoulos"> Dimitrios Karageorgopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elias%20Stathatos"> Elias Stathatos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelos%20Vitoratos"> Evangelos Vitoratos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transparent nickel doped cobalt sulfide was fabricated on a SnO2:F electrode and tested as an efficient electrocatalyst and as an alternative to the expensive platinum counter electrode. In order to investigate how this electrode could affect the electrical characteristics of a dye-sensitized solar cell, we manufactured cells with the same TiO2 photoanode sensitized with dye (N719) and employing the same quasi-solid electrolyte, altering only the counter electrode used. The cells were electrically and electrochemically characterized and it was observed that the ones with the Ni doped CoS2 outperformed the efficiency of the cells with the Pt counter electrode (3.76% and 3.44% respectively). Particularly, the higher efficiency of the cells with the Ni doped CoS2 counter electrode (CE) is mainly because of the enhanced photocurrent density which is attributed to the enhanced electrocatalytic ability of the CE and the low charge transfer resistance at the CE/electrolyte interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20doped%20cobalt%20sulfide" title="nickel doped cobalt sulfide">nickel doped cobalt sulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter%20electrodes" title=" counter electrodes"> counter electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells" title=" dye-sensitized solar cells"> dye-sensitized solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-solid%20state%20electrolyte" title=" quasi-solid state electrolyte"> quasi-solid state electrolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20organic-inorganic%20materials" title=" hybrid organic-inorganic materials"> hybrid organic-inorganic materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29157/comparison-of-transparent-nickel-doped-cobalt-sulfide-and-platinum-counter-electrodes-used-in-quasi-solid-state-dye-sensitized-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">759</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Characterization of White Spot Lesion Using Focused Ion Beam - Scanning Electron Microscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malihe%20Moeinin">Malihe Moeinin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Hill"> Robert Hill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferranti%20Wong"> Ferranti Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: A white spot lesion (WSL) is defined as subsurface enamel porosity from carious demineralisation on the smooth surfaces of the tooth. It appears as a milky white opacity. Lesions shown an apparently intact surface layer, followed underneath by the more porous lesion body. The small pores within the body of the lesion act as diffusion pathway for both acids and minerals, so allowing the demineralisation of enamel to occur at the advancing front of the lesion. Objectives: The objective is to mapthe porosity and its size on WSL with Focused Ion Bean- Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) Method: The basic method used for FIB-SEM consisted of depositing a one micron thick layer of platinum over 25μmx 25μm of the interest region of enamel. Then, making a rough cut (25μmx 5μmx 20μm) with 3nA current and 30Kv was applied with the help of drift suppression (DS), using a standard “cross-sectional” cutting pattern, which ended at the front of the deposited platinum layer. Two adjacent areas (25μmx 5μmx 20μm) on the both sides of the platinum layer were milled under the same conditions. Subsequent, cleaning cross-sections were applied to polish the sub-surface edge of interest running perpendicular to the surface. The "slice and view" was carried out overnight for milling almost 700 slices with 2Kv and 4nA and taking backscattered (BS) images. Then, images were imported into imageJ and analysed. Results: The prism structure is clearly apparent on FIB-SEM slices of WSL with the dissolution of prism boundaries as well as internal porosity within the prism itself. Porosity scales roughly 100-400nm, which is comparable to the light wavelength (500nm). Conclusion: FIB-SEM is useful to characterize the porosity of WSL and it clearly shows the difference between WSL and normal enamel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20spot%20lesion" title="white spot lesion">white spot lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIB-SEM" title=" FIB-SEM"> FIB-SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enamel%20porosity" title=" enamel porosity"> enamel porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157409/characterization-of-white-spot-lesion-using-focused-ion-beam-scanning-electron-microscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Reaction Rate Behavior of a Methane-Air Mixture over a Platinum Catalyst in a Single Channel Catalytic Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doo%20Ki%20Lee">Doo Ki Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Selvakumar"> Kumaresh Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catalytic combustion is an environmentally friendly technique to combust fuels in gas turbines. In this paper, the behavior of surface reaction rate on catalytic combustion is studied with respect to the heterogeneous oxidation of methane-air mixture in a catalytic reactor. Plug flow reactor (PFR), the simplified single catalytic channel assists in investigating the catalytic combustion phenomenon over the Pt catalyst by promoting the desired chemical reactions. The numerical simulation with multi-step elementary surface reactions is governed by the availability of free surface sites onto the catalytic surface and thereby, the catalytic combustion characteristics are demonstrated by examining the rate of the reaction for lean fuel mixture. Further, two different surface reaction mechanisms are adopted and compared for surface reaction rates to indicate the controlling heterogeneous reaction for better fuel conversion. The performance of platinum catalyst under heterogeneous reaction is analyzed under the same temperature condition, where the catalyst with the higher kinetic rate of reaction would have a maximum catalytic activity for enhanced methane catalytic combustion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20combustion" title="catalytic combustion">catalytic combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20reaction" title=" heterogeneous reaction"> heterogeneous reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plug%20flow%20reactor" title=" plug flow reactor"> plug flow reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20reaction%20rate" title=" surface reaction rate"> surface reaction rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77722/reaction-rate-behavior-of-a-methane-air-mixture-over-a-platinum-catalyst-in-a-single-channel-catalytic-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Dependence of Ionomer Loading on the Hydrogen Generation Rate of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingjeng%20James%20Li">Yingjeng James Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Chi%20Hsu"> Chih Chi Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Chih%20Hu"> Chiao-Chih Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane electrode assemblies MEAs for proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolyzers were prepared by employing 175um perfluorosulfonic acid PFSA membranes as the PEM, onto which iridium oxide catalyst was coated on one side as the anode and platinum catalyst was coated on the other side as the cathode. The cathode catalyst ink was prepared so that the weight ratio of the catalyst powder to ionomer was 75:25, 70:30, 65:35, 60:40, and 55:45, respectively. Whereas, the ratio of catalyst powder to ionomer of the anode catalyst ink keeps constant at 50:50. All the MEAs have a catalyst coated area of 5cm*5cm. The test cell employs a platinum plated titanium grid as anode gas diffusion media; whereas, carbon paper was employed as the cathode gas diffusion media. The measurements of the MEA gases production rate were carried out by holding the cell voltage ranging from 1.6 to 2.8 volts at room temperature. It was found that the MEA with cathode catalyst to ionomer ratio of 65:35 gives the largest hydrogen production rate which is 2.8mL/cm2*min. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolyzer" title="electrolyzer">electrolyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20electrode%20assembly" title=" membrane electrode assembly"> membrane electrode assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane" title=" proton exchange membrane"> proton exchange membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionomer" title=" ionomer"> ionomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72426/dependence-of-ionomer-loading-on-the-hydrogen-generation-rate-of-a-proton-exchange-membrane-electrolyzer" class="btn 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