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Dennison</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Godwin Dennison"> <meta name="keywords" content="Godwin Dennison"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Godwin Dennison"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 32</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Godwin Dennison</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Giant Filiform Polyposis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Mimicking Colorectal Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Dennison">Godwin Dennison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Cooper"> Edwin Cooper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Theobald"> George Theobald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Dalton"> Richard Dalton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report an unusual case of giant filiform polyposis in a patient with ulcerative colitis, causing a large stricture in the colon. A 62-year-old man was referred to the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme with a positive Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). He was known to have UC for 30 years. A CT scan showed a 9 cm stricture in the transverse colon suspicious of malignancy. A colonoscopy was attempted three times, and biopsies confirmed features of ulcerative colitis. A laparoscopic assisted transverse colectomy (Left hemicolectomy) was performed, and the histology revealed giant filiform polyposis. This should be considered in a UC patient presenting with signs of obstruction mimicking a carcinoma. Whilst it is a benign condition, because of the size of the lesion, it often causes obstruction, and surgery is indicated to relieve symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20inflammatory%20polyposis" title="giant inflammatory polyposis">giant inflammatory polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filiform%20polyposis" title=" filiform polyposis"> filiform polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067/giant-filiform-polyposis-in-a-patient-with-ulcerative-colitis-mimicking-colorectal-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Testing in Fast-Track Patients with Suspected Colorectal Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Dennison">Godwin Dennison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20E.%20Boulind"> C. E. Boulind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Gould"> O. Gould</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20de%20Lacy%20Costello"> B. de Lacy Costello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Allison"> J. Allison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20White"> P. White</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Ewings"> P. Ewings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Wicaksono"> A. Wicaksono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20J.%20Curtis"> N. J. Curtis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pullyblank"> A. Pullyblank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Jayne"> D. Jayne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Covington"> J. A. Covington</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ratcliffe"> N. Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Francis"> N. K. Francis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Colorectal symptoms are common but only infrequently represent serious pathology, including colorectal cancer (CRC). A large number of invasive tests are presently performed for reassurance. We investigated the feasibility of urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) testing as a potential triage tool in patients fast-tracked for assessment for possible CRC. Methods: A prospective, multi-centre, observational feasibility study was performed across three sites. Patients referred on NHS fast-track pathways for potential CRC provided a urine sample which underwent Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) and Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) analysis. Patients underwent colonoscopy and/or CT colonography and were grouped as either CRC, adenomatous polyp(s), or controls to explore the diagnostic accuracy of VOC output data supported by an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Results: 558 patients participated with 23 (4.1%) CRC diagnosed. 59% of colonoscopies and 86% of CT colonographies showed no abnormalities. Urinary VOC testing was feasible, acceptable to patients, and applicable within the clinical fast track pathway. GC-MS showed the highest clinical utility for CRC and polyp detection vs. controls (sensitivity=0.878, specificity=0.882, AUROC=0.884). Conclusion: Urinary VOC testing and analysis are feasible within NHS fast-track CRC pathways. Clinically meaningful differences between patients with cancer, polyps, or no pathology were identified therefore suggesting VOC analysis may have future utility as a triage tool. Acknowledgment: Funding: NIHR Research for Patient Benefit grant (ref: PB-PG-0416-20022). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorectal%20cancer" title="colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compound" title=" volatile organic compound"> volatile organic compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography%20mass%20spectrometry" title=" gas chromatography mass spectrometry"> gas chromatography mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20asymmetric%20ion%20mobility%20spectrometry" title=" field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry"> field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selected%20ion%20flow%20tube%20mass%20spectrometry" title=" selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry"> selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152812/urinary-volatile-organic-compound-testing-in-fast-track-patients-with-suspected-colorectal-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Social Perspectives on Population of People Living Postively; An Indian Scenario, Evidence from Tiruchirappalli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwonkunda%20Jeanne">Uwonkunda Jeanne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Godwin%20Prem%20Singh"> J. Godwin Prem Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjaneyalu%20Subbiah"> Anjaneyalu Subbiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HIV/AIDS is known to affect an individual not only physically but also mentally, socially, and financially. It is a syndrome that builds a vacuum in a person affecting his/her life as a whole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=People%20living%20with%20HIV" title="People living with HIV">People living with HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20dysfunction" title=" social dysfunction"> social dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20Social%20support." title=" and Social support."> and Social support.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874/social-perspectives-on-population-of-people-living-postively-an-indian-scenario-evidence-from-tiruchirappalli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Prospective Teachers’ Metacognitive Awareness and Goal Orientation as Predictors of Academic Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gidado%20Lawal%20Likko">Gidado Lawal Likko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examined the relationship of achievement goals, metacognitive awareness and academic success among students of colleges of education in North Western Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives. The first two were to find out whether students’ achievement goals and metacognitive awareness correlate with their academic success. 358 students comprising 242 males (67.6%) and 116 females (32.4%) were studied. Correlation survey was employed in the conduct of the study. The instruments used to collect data were students’ bio data form, achievement goals inventory (Roedel, Schraw and Plake, 1994), metacognitive awareness inventory (Schraw & Dennison, 1994) and students’ CGPA (NCCE minimum standard, 2013) was used as the index of academic success. Pearson Product Moment and regression analysis were the statistical techniques used to analyze the data. Results of the analysis indicated that students’ achievement goals (r=0.554, p=0.004) and metacognitive awareness (r= 0.67, p=0.001) positively correlated with their academic success. Similarly, significant relationship exists between achievement goals and metacognitive awareness (r=0.77, p=0.000). Part of the recommendations is the need for the management of all colleges of education to have educational interventions aimed at developing students’ metacognitive awareness which will foster purposeful self-regulation of their learning. This could be achieved by periodic assessment of students’ metacognitive awareness which will serve as feedback as they move from one educational level to another. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20success" title="academic success">academic success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goal%20orientation" title=" goal orientation"> goal orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognitive%20awareness" title=" metacognitive awareness"> metacognitive awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospective%20teachers" title=" prospective teachers"> prospective teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103481/prospective-teachers-metacognitive-awareness-and-goal-orientation-as-predictors-of-academic-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth in an Emerging Economy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Chigozie%20Okpara">Godwin Chigozie Okpara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Chimee%20Nwaoha"> William Chimee Nwaoha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper set out to stress on how financial inclusion index could be calculated and also investigated the impact of inclusive finance on inclusive growth in an emerging economy. In the light of these objectives, chi-wins method was used to calculate indexes of financial inclusion while co-integration and error correction model were used for evaluation of the impact of financial inclusion on inclusive growth. The result of the analysis revealed that financial inclusion while having a long-run relationship with GDP growth is an insignificant function of the growth of the economy. The speed of adjustment is correctly signed and significant. On the basis of these results, the researchers called for tireless efforts of government and banking sector in promoting financial inclusion in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chi-wins%20index" title="chi-wins index">chi-wins index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-integration" title=" co-integration"> co-integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20correction%20model" title=" error correction model"> error correction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title=" financial inclusion"> financial inclusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5995/financial-inclusion-for-inclusive-growth-in-an-emerging-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">653</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> An Adjusted Network Information Criterion for Model Selection in Statistical Neural Network Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso">Christopher Godwin Udomboso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Unna%20Chukwu"> Angela Unna Chukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kwame%20Dontwi"> Isaac Kwame Dontwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In selecting a Statistical Neural Network model, the Network Information Criterion (NIC) has been observed to be sample biased, because it does not account for sample sizes. The selection of a model from a set of fitted candidate models requires objective data-driven criteria. In this paper, we derived and investigated the Adjusted Network Information Criterion (ANIC), based on Kullback’s symmetric divergence, which has been designed to be an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the expected Kullback-Leibler information of a fitted model. The analyses show that on a general note, the ANIC improves model selection in more sample sizes than does the NIC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20neural%20network" title="statistical neural network">statistical neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20information%20criterion" title=" network information criterion"> network information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjusted%20network" title=" adjusted network"> adjusted network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20criterion" title=" information criterion"> information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20function" title=" transfer function"> transfer function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771/an-adjusted-network-information-criterion-for-model-selection-in-statistical-neural-network-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Epidemiological Model for Citrus Black Spot Dynamics along the Pre-Harvest Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nqobile%20Muleya">Nqobile Muleya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winston%20Garira"> Winston Garira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Mchau"> Godwin Mchau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus Black Spot (CBS) is a fungal disease that is responsible for huge economical loss and poses a threat to the citrus industry worldwide. We construct a mathematical model framework for citrus black spot between fruits to characterise the dynamics of the disease development, paying attention to the pathogen life cycle. We have made an observation from the model analysis that the initial inoculum from ascomata is very important for disease development and thereafter it is no longer important due to conidia which is responsible for secondary infection. Most importantly, the model indicated that ascospores and conidia are very important parameters in developing citrus black spot within a short distance. The basic reproductive number and its importance in relation to citrus black spot persistence are outlined. A numerical simulation of the model was done to explain the theoretical findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20modelling" title="epidemiological modelling">epidemiological modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guidnardia%20citricarpa" title=" Guidnardia citricarpa"> Guidnardia citricarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20stage" title=" life cycle stage"> life cycle stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title=" fungal"> fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20development" title=" disease development"> disease development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095/epidemiological-model-for-citrus-black-spot-dynamics-along-the-pre-harvest-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> A Simulation Model to Analyze the Impact of Virtual Responsiveness in an E-Commerce Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Godwin">T. Godwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of a supply chain always entails the trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency. The launch of e-commerce has not only changed the way of shopping but also altered the supply chain design while trading off efficiency with responsiveness. A concept called ‘virtual responsiveness’ is introduced in the context of e-commerce supply chain. A simulation model is developed to compare actual responsiveness and virtual responsiveness to the customer in an e-commerce supply chain. The simulation is restricted to the movement of goods from the e-tailer to the customer. Customer demand follows a statistical distribution and is generated using inverse transformation technique. The two responsiveness schemes of the supply chain are compared in terms of the minimum number of inventory required at the e-tailer to fulfill the orders. Computational results show the savings achieved through virtual responsiveness. The insights gained from this study could be used to redesign e-commerce supply chain by incorporating virtual responsiveness. A part of the achieved cost savings could be passed back to the customer, thereby making the supply chain both effective and competitive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20modeling" title=" simulation modeling"> simulation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20responsiveness" title=" virtual responsiveness"> virtual responsiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58603/a-simulation-model-to-analyze-the-impact-of-virtual-responsiveness-in-an-e-commerce-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Petri Net Modeling and Simulation of a Call-Taxi System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Godwin">T. Godwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A call-taxi system is a type of taxi service where a taxi could be requested through a phone call or mobile app. A schematic functioning of a call-taxi system is modeled using Petri net, which provides the necessary conditions for a taxi to be assigned by a dispatcher to pick a customer as well as the conditions for the taxi to be released by the customer. A Petri net is a graphical modeling tool used to understand sequences, concurrences, and confluences of activities in the working of discrete event systems. It uses tokens on a directed bipartite multi-graph to simulate the activities of a system. The Petri net model is translated into a simulation model and a call-taxi system is simulated. The simulation model helps in evaluating the operation of a call-taxi system based on the fleet size as well as the operating policies for call-taxi assignment and empty call-taxi repositioning. The developed Petri net based simulation model can be used to decide the fleet size as well as the call-taxi assignment policies for a call-taxi system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call-taxi" title="call-taxi">call-taxi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20system" title=" discrete event system"> discrete event system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petri%20net" title=" petri net"> petri net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20modeling" title=" simulation modeling"> simulation modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58605/petri-net-modeling-and-simulation-of-a-call-taxi-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Evaluation of Phthalates Contents and Their Health Effects in Consumed Sachet Water Brands in Delta State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edjere%20Oghenekohwiroro">Edjere Oghenekohwiroro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asibor%20Irabor%20Godwin"> Asibor Irabor Godwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwem%20Bassey"> Uwem Bassey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper determines the presence and levels of phthalates in sachet and borehole water source in some parts of Delta State, Nigeria. Sachet and borehole water samples were collected from seven different water packaging facilities and level of phthalates determined using GC-MS instrumentation. Phthalates concentration in borehole samples varied from 0.00-0.01 (DMP), 0.06-0.20 (DEP), 0.10-0.98 (DBP), 0.21-0.36 (BEHP), 0.01-0.03 (DnOP) µg/L and (BBP) was not detectable; while sachet water varied from 0.03-0.95 (DMP), 0.16-12.45 (DEP), 0.57-3.38 (DBP), 0.00-0.03 (BBP), 0.08-0.31 (BEHP) and 0-0.03 (DnOP) µg/L. Phthalates concentration in the sachet water was higher than that of the corresponding boreholes sources and also showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two. Sources of these phthalate esters were the interaction between water molecules and plastic storage facilities. Although concentration of all phthalate esters analyzed were lower than the threshold limit value(TLV), over time storage of water samples in this medium can lead to substantial increase with negative effects on individuals consuming them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phthalate%20esters" title="phthalate esters">phthalate esters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borehole" title=" borehole"> borehole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sachet%20water" title=" sachet water"> sachet water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sample%20extraction" title=" sample extraction"> sample extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography" title=" gas chromatography"> gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44400/evaluation-of-phthalates-contents-and-their-health-effects-in-consumed-sachet-water-brands-in-delta-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Female Dis-Empowerment in Contemporary Zimbabwe: A Re-Look at Shona Writers’ Vision of the Factors and Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Makaudze">Godwin Makaudze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of women in contemporary Zimbabwe continue to hold marginalised and insignificant positions in society and to be accorded negative and stereotyped images in literature. In light of this, government and civic organisations and even writers channel many resources, time, and efforts towards the emancipation of the female gender. Using the Africana womanist and socio-historical literary theories and focussing on two post-colonial novels, this paper re-engages the dis-empowerment of women in contemporary Zimbabwe, examining the believed causes and suggested solutions. The paper observes that the writers whip the already whipped by blaming patriarchy, African men and cultural practices as the underlying causes of such a sorry state of affairs while at the same time celebrating war against all these, as well as education, unity among women, Christianity and single motherhood as panaceas to the problem. The paper concludes that the writers’ anger is misdirected as they have fallen trap to the very popular yet mythical victim-blame motif espoused by many writers who focus on Shona people’s problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20practices" title="cultural practices">cultural practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20dis-empowerment" title=" female dis-empowerment"> female dis-empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shona%20novel" title=" Shona novel"> Shona novel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solutions" title=" solutions"> solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zimbabwe" title=" Zimbabwe"> Zimbabwe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40488/female-dis-empowerment-in-contemporary-zimbabwe-a-re-look-at-shona-writers-vision-of-the-factors-and-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Depression and Suicide Risk among HIV/AIDS Positive Individuals Attending an Out Patient HIV/AIDS Clinic in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyebueke%20Godwin">Onyebueke Godwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okwarafor%20Friday"> Okwarafor Friday</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Persons with HIV/AIDS disease are predisposed to mental health disorders such as depression and suicide. HIV/AIDS, being a chronic medical illness with antecedent stigmatization ostracization, leads to low mood, low self-esteem, and a tendency to kill oneself due to the burden of the disease in terms of cost and disability. The aim of one study was to examine the prevalence of depression and risk of suicide among HIV/AIDS patients compared to negative persons. Instruments: The Major Depressive Episode and Suicidality modules of the MINI-Neuropsychiatric inventory were used to screen the attendees. Report: The prevalence of depression and risk of suicide were 27.8% and 7.8%, respectively, for the HIV positive subjects, but 1208% and 2.2%, respectively, for negative subjects. Conclusion and Significance: Persons with HIV/AIDS usually present with mental health symptoms, but the attending physicians usually pay attention to physical symptoms. The symptoms of the disease or the side effects of the medication may mask the mental health disease. Recommendation: There is need to screen HIV/AIDS patents for mental health disorders during clinic visits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FAIDS" title=" HIV/AIDS"> HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicidality" title=" suicidality"> suicidality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172297/depression-and-suicide-risk-among-hivaids-positive-individuals-attending-an-out-patient-hivaids-clinic-in-a-nigerian-tertiary-health-institution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Variability of Metal Composition and Concentrations in Road Dust in the Urban Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandya%20Mummullage">Sandya Mummullage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanna%20Egodawatta"> Prasanna Egodawatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashantha%20Goonetilleke"> Ashantha Goonetilleke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20A.%20Ayoko"> Godwin A. Ayoko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban road dust comprises of a range of potentially toxic metal elements and plays a critical role in degrading urban receiving water quality. Hence, assessing the metal composition and concentration in urban road dust is a high priority. This study investigated the variability of metal composition and concentrations in road dust in four different urban land uses in Gold Coast, Australia. Samples from 16 road sites were collected and tested for selected 12 metal species. The data set was analyzed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Outcomes of the data analysis revealed that the metal concentrations inroad dust differs considerably within and between different land uses. Iron, aluminum, magnesium and zinc are the most abundant in urban land uses. It was also noted that metal species such as titanium, nickel, copper, and zinc have the highest concentrations in industrial land use. The study outcomes revealed that soil and traffic related sources as key sources of metals deposited on road surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals%20build-up" title="metals build-up">metals build-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant%20accumulation" title=" pollutant accumulation"> pollutant accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stormwater%20quality" title=" stormwater quality"> stormwater quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20road%20dust" title=" urban road dust"> urban road dust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2248/variability-of-metal-composition-and-concentrations-in-road-dust-in-the-urban-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Call Me By My Name: Portrayal of Albinism in Kiswahili Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Godwin%20Mahenge">Elizabeth Godwin Mahenge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study seeks to investigate the portrayal of albinism in Swahili literature. People with albinism have faced many life-threatening challenges, from being hunted for their body parts of being assigned derogatory names that depict them as ghosts as or less than humans. Many studies have been conducted on the perception of people towards Persons with Albinism [PWA] worldwide. Findings showed there is negative perception or negative portrayal of PWA in different societies worldwide. These negative connotations raised hot debates around the world among different societies and associations of/for PWA. People with disability in different parts of the world started arguing the labeling and name calling same applied to persons with disability in Tanzania (albinism included). They went the same debate about name calling hence in 2010, the Tanzanian Parliament passed the bill on Persons with Disability Act which banned derogative names attached to disability in general and to albinism in particular. In Tanzanian societies, there have been a mixed feelings with regards to albinism. Some do have negative perceptions because of the killings with connection to superstitious believes, while in other societies are perceived positively as blessed children a family. From these two contradictory perceptions that exist in this society, the study seeks to find out how Swahili literature portrays albinism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albinism" title="albinism">albinism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portrayal" title=" portrayal"> portrayal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title=" disability"> disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiswahili%20literature" title=" Kiswahili literature"> Kiswahili literature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171520/call-me-by-my-name-portrayal-of-albinism-in-kiswahili-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Inhalable Lipid-Coated-Chitosan Nano-Embedded Microdroplets of an Antifungal Drug for Deep Lung Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjot%20Kaur">Ranjot Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Om%20P.%20Katare"> Om P. Katare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupama%20Sharma"> Anupama Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20R.%20Dennison"> Sarah R. Dennison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamalinder%20K.%20Singh"> Kamalinder K. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhupinder%20Singh"> Bhupinder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory microbial infections being among the top leading cause of death worldwide are difficult to treat as the microbes reside deep inside the airways, where only a small fraction of drug can access after traditional oral or parenteral routes. As a result, high doses of drugs are required to maintain drug levels above minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) at the infection site, unfortunately leading to severe systemic side-effects. Therefore, delivering antimicrobials directly to the respiratory tract provides an attractive way out in such situations. In this context, current study embarks on the systematic development of lung lia pid-modified chitosan nanoparticles for inhalation of voriconazole. Following the principles of quality by design, the chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and further coated with major lung lipid by precipitation method. The factor screening studies were performed by fractional factorial design, followed by optimization of the nanoparticles by Box-Behnken Design. The optimized formulation has a particle size range of 170-180nm, PDI 0.3-0.4, zeta potential 14-17, entrapment efficiency 45-50% and drug loading of 3-5%. The presence of a lipid coating was confirmed by FESEM, FTIR, and X-RD. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were found to be safe upto 40µg/ml on A549 and Calu-3 cell lines. The quantitative and qualitative uptake studies also revealed the uptake of nanoparticles in lung epithelial cells. Moreover, the data from Spraytec and next-generation impactor studies confirmed the deposition of nanoparticles in lower airways. Also, the interaction of nanoparticles with DPPC monolayers signifies its biocompatibility with lungs. Overall, the study describes the methodology and potential of lipid-coated chitosan nanoparticles in futuristic inhalation nanomedicine for the management of pulmonary aspergillosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine" title="dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine">dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nebulization" title=" nebulization"> nebulization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPC%20monolayers" title=" DPPC monolayers"> DPPC monolayers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality-by-design" title=" quality-by-design"> quality-by-design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103730/inhalable-lipid-coated-chitosan-nano-embedded-microdroplets-of-an-antifungal-drug-for-deep-lung-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Investigation of Lead and Zinc Oxide Deposits Using Geological and Geophysical Techniques at Oshiri Province in Onicha Local Government Area of Ebonyi State Located Within Southeastern Part of Nigeria, West Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaechi%20O.%20Azi">Amaechi O. Azi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uche%20D.%20Aluge"> Uche D. Aluge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20H.%20San"> Lim H. San</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20A.%20Agbo"> Godwin A. Agbo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is centered on the investigation of mineral deposits in selected locations in Oshiri province in Ebonyi State. Mineral deposits contribute immensely to the economic growth of a society. In researching lead and zinc oxide-bearing sites at Oshiri, geological and geophysical research technique was employed. Petrozenith, Earth Resistivity Meter, and Schlumberger setup were selected to examine the electrical characteristics of the subsurface. To determine the apparent resistivity of the subsurface, five soundings were taken, and the field data were processed using WinResist software. The mudstone, lead-shale, shale-granite, and lateritic topsoil were the four geoelectric strata that were found. The third layer, which corresponds to the shale-lead lithology, has a resistivity value between 211.9 m to 807.7 m at a depth of 25 m. Due to its resistivity levels and geological trend, this layer makes an excellent signature for lead-zinc occurrence. This zone is expected to house deposits of lead and zinc oxide in commercial quantity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schlumberger" title="Schlumberger">Schlumberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current" title=" current"> current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithology" title=" lithology"> lithology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170191/investigation-of-lead-and-zinc-oxide-deposits-using-geological-and-geophysical-techniques-at-oshiri-province-in-onicha-local-government-area-of-ebonyi-state-located-within-southeastern-part-of-nigeria-west-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Examination of the Influence of the Near-Surface Geology on the Initial Infrastructural Development Using High-Resolution Seismic Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collins%20Chiemeke">Collins Chiemeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Ibe"> Stephen Ibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Onyedim"> Godwin Onyedim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work on high-resolution seismic tomography method was carried out with the aim of investigating how near-surface geology influences the initial distribution of infrastructural development in an area like Otuoke and its environs. To achieve this objective, seismic tomography method was employed. The result revealed that the overburden (highly-weathered layer) thickness ranges from 27 m to 50 m within the survey area, with an average value of 37 m. The 3D surface analysis for the overburden thickness distribution within the survey area showed that the thickness of the overburden is more in regions with less infrastructural development, and least in built-up areas. The range of velocity distribution from the surface to within a depth of 5 m is about 660 m/s to 1160 m/s, with an average value of 946 m/s. The 3D surface analysis of the velocity distribution also revealed that the areas with large infrastructural development are characterized with large velocity values compared with the undeveloped regions that has average low-velocity values. Hence, one can conclusively say that the initial settlement of Otuoke and its environs and the subsequent infrastructural development was influenced by the underlying near surface geology (rigid earth), among other factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geology" title="geology">geology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructural" title=" infrastructural"> infrastructural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-surface" title=" near-surface"> near-surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51401/examination-of-the-influence-of-the-near-surface-geology-on-the-initial-infrastructural-development-using-high-resolution-seismic-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> The Ecological Role of Loligo forbesii in the Moray Firth Ecosystem, Northeast Scotland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20A.%20Otogo">Godwin A. Otogo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sansanee%20Wangvoralak"> Sansanee Wangvoralak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20J.%20Pierce"> Graham J. Pierce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20C.%20Hastie"> Lee C. Hastie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beth%20Scott"> Beth Scott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The squid <em>Loligo forbesii</em> is suspected to be an important species in marine food webs, as it can strongly impact its prey and be impacted upon by predation, competition, fishing and/or climate variability. To quantify these impacts in the food web, the measurement of its trophic position and ecological role within well-studied ecosystems is essential. An Ecopath model was balanced and run for the Moray Firth ecosystem and was used to investigate the significance of this squid’s trophic roles. The network analysis routine included in Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) was used to estimate trophic interaction, system indicators (health condition and developmental stage) and food web features. Results indicated that within the Moray Firth squid occupy a top trophic position in the food web and also a major prey item for many other species. Results from Omnivory Index (OI) showed that squid is a generalized feeder transferring energy across wide trophic levels and is more important as a predator than that as a prey in the Moray Firth ecosystem. The results highlight the importance of taking squid into account in the management of Europe’s living marine resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loligo%20forbesii" title=" Loligo forbesii"> Loligo forbesii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecopath" title=" Ecopath"> Ecopath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moray%20Firth" title=" Moray Firth"> Moray Firth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trophic%20level" title=" Trophic level "> Trophic level </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23472/the-ecological-role-of-loligo-forbesii-in-the-moray-firth-ecosystem-northeast-scotland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The State, Class and the Challenges of National Development in Nigeria since 1914</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriba%20Christopher%20Inyila">Eriba Christopher Inyila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Egena%20Oga"> Godwin Egena Oga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statecraft appears to be one of the greatest cultural achievements in the history of man’s civilization. The state itself is often portrayed as the supreme community of the citizen’s collective goodness and will. However, history experience reveals that the state has often been held in captivity permanently in the hand of the political class to almost a total exclusion of the labouring class of workers, artisans and peasants. Consequently, the hallmark of the Nigerian state and society in contemporary era is state of permanent crisis characterized by poverty, unemployment and profound insecurity. A lasting solution to this state of anomie is often touted in terms of ethnic, religious and regional integration which border on non-material perception of realities. A neglected aspect of the approach to the study of recurrent problems in contemporary is the materialist conception of realties through class perspectives of the society. The cutting edge of the approach is found in the attempt to reconcile the contradiction between the productive forces and the social relation of production. In other words, the contemporary state is skewed in favour of ownership of properties/commanding height of economy predominantly in the hands of the few monopoly companies to the total exclusion of majority of Nigerian population classified as peasant, workers and artisan. The lopsided situation creates economic and social disequilibria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20development" title="national development">national development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class" title=" class"> class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20state" title=" the state"> the state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9963/the-state-class-and-the-challenges-of-national-development-in-nigeria-since-1914" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Preparation and Characterizations of Hydroxyapatite-Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friday%20Godwin%20Okibe">Friday Godwin Okibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Chinweuba%20Onoyima"> Christian Chinweuba Onoyima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edith%20Bolanle%20Agbaji"> Edith Bolanle Agbaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Olatunji%20Ajibola"> Victor Olatunji Ajibola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer-inorganic nanocomposites are presently impacting diverse areas, specifically in biomedical sciences. In this research, hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate has been prepared, and characterized, with emphasis on the influence of sodium alginate on its characteristics. In situ wet chemical precipitation method was used in the preparation. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with image analysis, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The FTIR study shows peaks characteristics of hydroxyapatite and confirmed formation of the nanocomposite via chemical interaction between sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite. Image analysis shows the nanocomposites to be of irregular morphologies which did not show significant change with increasing sodium alginate addition, while particle size decreased with increase in sodium alginate addition (359.46 nm to 109.98 nm). From the XRD data, both the crystallite size and degree of crystallinity also decreased with increasing sodium alginate composition (32.36 nm to 9.47 nm and 72.87% to 1.82% respectively), while the specific surface area and microstrain increased with increasing sodium alginate composition (0.0041 to 0.0139 and 58.99 m²/g to 201.58 m²/g respectively). The results show that the formulation with 50%wt of sodium alginate (HASA-50%wt), possess exceptional characteristics for biomedical applications such as drug delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title="nanocomposite">nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20alginate" title=" sodium alginate"> sodium alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical" title=" biomedical"> biomedical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66789/preparation-and-characterizations-of-hydroxyapatite-sodium-alginate-nanocomposites-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Political Economy of Ungoverned Spaces and Rural Armed Banditry in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collins%20Ogbu">Collins Ogbu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Johnny%20Akpan"> Godwin Johnny Akpan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20NDA%20Jacob"> James NDA Jacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The debilitating outcomes of violent conflict, consummated by rural armed banditry have nonetheless, occasioned the need for the mapping of crime zones in Nigeria. As a step towards understanding the scourge of armed bandits, ungoverned spaces have been uncovered as the most dominant excuse for rural crimes and fierce confrontations. From the creeks of the Niger Delta to the forest of Sambisa, Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) have proliferated to the vagaries of national insecurity. While the trends present indications of State fragility, the paucity of governance in these so-called ungoverned spaces has persistently reflected a Hobbesian state of nature, where the fittest survives. This study, therefore, interrogates the demographic implications of these ungoverned spaces by specifically identifying the most immediate features of the characters in the areas under investigation. The Farmers-Herders Crises, Niger-Delta Militancy, Boko-Haram Insurgency, Armed Robbery, Kidnapping and Cattle Rustling all define the major focus. In undertaking this study, anecdotal sources will be relied on, while extant information on the concept of ungoverned spaces will be content-analyzed. It is hoped that the knowledge gathered, as a result, will ultimately aid in proffering a dependable panacea to the crises of rural armed banditry in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungoverned%20spaces" title="ungoverned spaces">ungoverned spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20armed%20banditry" title=" rural armed banditry"> rural armed banditry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20fragility" title=" state fragility"> state fragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflicts" title=" conflicts"> conflicts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142027/political-economy-of-ungoverned-spaces-and-rural-armed-banditry-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Downside Risk Analysis of the Nigerian Stock Market: A Value at Risk Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Chigozie%20Okpara">Godwin Chigozie Okpara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper using standard GARCH, EGARCH, and TARCH models on day of the week return series (of 246 days) from the Nigerian Stock market estimated the model variants’ VaR. An asymmetric return distribution and fat-tail phenomenon in financial time series were considered by estimating the models with normal, student t and generalized error distributions. The analysis based on Akaike Information Criterion suggests that the EGARCH model with student t innovation distribution can furnish more accurate estimate of VaR. In the light of this, we apply the likelihood ratio tests of proportional failure rates to VaR derived from EGARCH model in order to determine the short and long positions VaR performances. The result shows that as alpha ranges from 0.05 to 0.005 for short positions, the failure rate significantly exceeds the prescribed quintiles while it however shows no significant difference between the failure rate and the prescribed quantiles for long positions. This suggests that investors and portfolio managers in the Nigeria stock market have long trading position or can buy assets with concern on when the asset prices will fall. Precisely, the VaR estimates for the long position range from -4.7% for 95 percent confidence level to -10.3% for 99.5 percent confidence level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downside%20risk" title="downside risk">downside risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value-at-risk" title=" value-at-risk"> value-at-risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20rate" title=" failure rate"> failure rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kupiec%20LR%20tests" title=" kupiec LR tests"> kupiec LR tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GARCH%20models" title=" GARCH models "> GARCH models </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21471/downside-risk-analysis-of-the-nigerian-stock-market-a-value-at-risk-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Optimization of Photocatalytic Degradation of Para-Nitrophenol in Visible Light by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Zinc Oxide Using Factorial Design of Experimental</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friday%20Godwin%20Okibe">Friday Godwin Okibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaoyi%20David%20Paul"> Elaoyi David Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladayo%20Thomas%20Ojekunle"> Oladayo Thomas Ojekunle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Nitrogen and Phosphorous co-doped Zinc Oxide (NPZ) was prepared through a solvent-free reaction. The NPZ was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was investigated by monitoring the degradation of para-nitrophenol (PNP) under visible light irradiation and the process was optimized using factorial design of experiment. The factors investigated were initial concentration of para-nitrophenol, catalyst loading, pH and irradiation time. The characterization results revealed a successful doping of ZnO by nitrogen and phosphorus and an improvement in the surface morphology of the catalyst. The photo-catalyst exhibited improved photocatalytic activity under visible light by 73.8%. The statistical analysis of the optimization result showed that the model terms were significant at 95% confidence level. Interactions plots revealed that irradiation time was the most significant factor affecting the degradation process. The cube plots of the interactions of the variables showed that an optimum degradation efficiency of 66.9% was achieved at 10mg/L initial PNP concentration, 0.5g catalyst loading, pH 7 and 150 minutes irradiation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20and%20phosphorous%20co-doped%20Zno" title="nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped Zno">nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped Zno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-nitrophenol" title=" p-nitrophenol"> p-nitrophenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factorial%20design%20of%20experimental" title=" factorial design of experimental "> factorial design of experimental </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73455/optimization-of-photocatalytic-degradation-of-para-nitrophenol-in-visible-light-by-nitrogen-and-phosphorus-co-doped-zinc-oxide-using-factorial-design-of-experimental" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Stock Market Development and the Growth of Nigerian Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Chigozie%20Okpara">Godwin Chigozie Okpara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Iheanacho"> Eugene Iheanacho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examined the dynamic behavior of stock market development and the growth of Nigerian economy. The variables; market capitalization ratio, turnover ratio and liquidity proxies by the ratio of market capitalization to gross domestic product were sourced and computed from the Nigerian stock exchange fact books and the CBN statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The variables were tested and found stationary and cointregrated using the augumented Dickey Fuller unit root test and the Johnson cointegration test respectively. The dynamic behavior of the stock market development model was verified using the error correction model. The result shows that about 0.4l percent of the short run deviation is corrected every year and also reveals that market capitalization ratio and market liquidity are positive and significant function of economic growth. In other words market capitalization ratio and liquidity positively and significantly impact economic growth. Market development variables such as turnover ratio and market restriction can exert positive but insignificant impact on the growth of the economy suggesting that securities transaction relative to the size of the securities market are not high enough to significantly engender economic growth in Nigeria. In the light of this, the researchers recommend that the regulatory body as well as the government, should provide a conducive environment capable of encouraging the growth and development of the stock market. This if well articulated will enhance the market turnover and the growth of the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20capitalization%20ratio" title="market capitalization ratio">market capitalization ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turnover%20ratio" title=" turnover ratio"> turnover ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquidity" title=" liquidity"> liquidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20root%20test" title=" unit root test"> unit root test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52846/stock-market-development-and-the-growth-of-nigerian-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Economic Performance of Manufacturing Sector: Evidence from Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeoma%20Patricia%20Osamor">Ifeoma Patricia Osamor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayotunde%20Qudus%20Saka"> Ayotunde Qudus Saka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Omoregbee"> Godwin Omoregbee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hikmat%20Oreoluwalomo%20Omolaja"> Hikmat Oreoluwalomo Omolaja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Persistent fall in the value of Nigeria's currency compared to other foreign currencies, constant fluctuations in the exchange rate, and an increase in the price of goods and services necessitated the examination of the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the economic performance of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted. Manufacturing gross domestic product (MGDP) was proxied for performance; Naira/Dollar exchange rate (NDE), Naira/Pounds exchange rate (NPE), Foreign exchange supply (FES) were used for exchange rate fluctuations; and inflation rate (INF) was a control variable. Data were collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin (2020) also World Development Indicators of the World Bank, while data collected were analysed using descriptive analysis, unit root, bounds cointegration test, and ARDL. Findings showed that changes in Naira/Dollar exchange rate (NDE) and Naira/Pound Sterling exchange rate negatively but significantly impact the economic performance of the manufacturing sector, while foreign exchange supply leads to an insignificant positive effect on the economic performance of the manufacturing. The study concludes that exchange rate fluctuations negatively impact the performance of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria and, therefore, recommends that government should encourage export diversification through agriculture, agro-investment, and agro-allied industries that would boost export in order to improve the value of the Naira, thereby stabilizing the exchange rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20performance" title=" economic performance"> economic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20domestic%20product" title=" gross domestic product"> gross domestic product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation%20rate" title=" inflation rate"> inflation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20exchange%20supply" title=" foreign exchange supply"> foreign exchange supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155776/exchange-rate-fluctuations-and-economic-performance-of-manufacturing-sector-evidence-from-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> A Review of Critical Factors in Budgetary Financing of Public Infrastructure in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akintayo%20Opawole">Akintayo Opawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20O.%20Jagboro"> Godwin O. Jagboro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research efforts on infrastructure development in Nigeria had not provided adequate assessment of issues essential for policy response by the government to address infrastructure deficiency. One major gap existing in previous studies is the assessment of challenges facing the budgetary financing model. Based on a case study of Osun State in Southwestern Nigeria, factors affecting budgetary financing of public infrastructure were identified from literature and brainstorming. Respondents were: 6 architects, 4 quantity surveyors, 6 town planners, 5 estate surveyors, 4 builders, 21 engineers and 26 economists/accountants ranging from principal to director who have been involved in policy making process with respect to infrastructure development in the public service of Osun state. The identified variables were subjected to factor analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy tests carried out (KMO, 0.785) showed that the data collected were adequate for the analysis and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity (0.000) showed the data upon which the analysis was carried out was reliable. Results showed that factors such as poor collaboration between the state and local government establishments, absence of credible database system and inadequate funding of maintenance were the most significant to infrastructure development in the State. Policy responses to address challenges of infrastructure development in the state were identified to focus on creation of legal framework for liberation policy, enforcement of ‘due process’ in the procurement and establishment of monitoring system for project delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financing" title=" financing"> financing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procurement" title=" procurement"> procurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24414/a-review-of-critical-factors-in-budgetary-financing-of-public-infrastructure-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Internationalization of Capital Market Influencing Debt Sustainability's Impact on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Chigozie%20Okpara">Godwin Chigozie Okpara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugine%20Iheanacho"> Eugine Iheanacho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper set out to assess the sustainability of debt in the Nigerian economy. Precisely, it sought to determine the level of debt sustainability and its impact on the growth of the economy; whether internationalization of capital market has positively influenced debt sustainability’s impact on economic growth; and to ascertain the direction of causality between external debt sustainability and the growth of GDP. In the light of these objectives, ratio analysis was employed for the determination of debt sustainability. Our findings revealed that the periods 1986 – 1994 and 1999 – 2004 were periods of severe unsustainable borrowing. The unit root test showed that the variables of the growth model were integrated of order one, I(1) and the cointegration test provided evidence for long run stability. Considering the dawn of internationalization of capital market, the researcher employed the structural break approach using Chow Breakpoint test on the vector error correction model (VECM). The result of VECM showed that debt sustainability, measured by debt to GDP ratio exerts negative and significant impact on the growth of the economy while debt burden measured by debt-export ratio and debt service export ratio are negative though insignificant on the growth of GDP. The Cho test result indicated that internationalization of capital market has no significant effect on the debt overhang impact on the growth of the Economy. The granger causality test indicates a feedback effect from economic growth to debt sustainability growth indicators. On the bases of these findings, the researchers made some necessary recommendations which if followed religiously will go a long way to ameliorating debt burdens and engendering economic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debt%20sustainability" title="debt sustainability">debt sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internalization" title=" internalization"> internalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20market" title=" capital market"> capital market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chow%20test" title=" chow test"> chow test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42376/the-internationalization-of-capital-market-influencing-debt-sustainabilitys-impact-on-the-growth-of-the-nigerian-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Impact of Biological Treatment Effluent on the Physico-Chemical Quality of a Receiving Stream in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asibor%20Godwin">Asibor Godwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeniyi%20Funsho"> Adeniyi Funsho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to investigate the impact of biological treated effluent on the physico-chemical properties of receiving waterbodies and also to establish its suitability for other purposes. It focused on the changes of some physic-chemical variables as one move away from the point of discharge downstream of the waterbodies. Water samples were collected from 14 sampling stations made up of the untreated effluent, treated effluent and receiving streams (before and after treated effluent discharge) over a period of 6 months spanning the dry and rainy seasons. Analyses were carried out on the following: temperature, turbidity, pH, conductivity, major anions and cation, dissolved oxygen, percentage oxygen Saturation, biological oxygen demand (BOD), solids (total solids, suspended solids and dissolved solids), nitrates, phosphates, organic matter and flow discharge using standard analytical methods. The relationships between investigated sites with regards to their physico-chemical properties were analyzed using student-t statistics. Also changes in the treated effluent receiving streams after treated effluent outfall was discussed fully. The physico-chemical water quality of the receiving water bodies meets most of the general water requirements for both domestic and industrial uses. The untreated effluent quality was shown to be of biological origin based on the biological oxygen demand, chloride, dissolved oxygen, total solids, pH and organic matter. The treated effluent showed significant improvement over the raw untreated effluent based on most parameters assessed. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the physico-chemical quality of untreated effluent and the treated effluent for the most of the investigated physico-chemical quality. The difference between the discharged treated effluent and the unimpacted section of the receiving waterbodies was also significant (p<0.05) for the most of the physico-chemical parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eflluent" title="eflluent">eflluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opa%20River" title=" Opa River"> Opa River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemical" title=" physico-chemical"> physico-chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterbody" title=" waterbody"> waterbody</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32089/impact-of-biological-treatment-effluent-on-the-physico-chemical-quality-of-a-receiving-stream-in-ile-ife-southwest-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Hypolipidemic and Anti-Nephrotoxic Potentials of Vernonia calvoana Extract in Acetaminophen-Treated Male Wistar Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20E.%20Egbung">Godwin E. Egbung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Item%20J.%20Atangwho"> Item J. Atangwho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20O.%20Odey"> Diana O. Odey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyong%20U.%20Eyong"> Eyong U. Eyong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background of the study: The frequent abuse of acetaminophen by field workers in Calabar metropolis necessitated the present study on the hypolipidemic and anti-nephrotoxic potentials of Vernonia calvoana (VC) extract in acetaminophen (paracetamol) treated male albino Wistar rats Methods:. Thirty-five (35) male albino Wistar rats weighing 100-150 g were divided into five (5) groups of seven rats each. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 received normal saline after treatment with Acetaminophen (PCM), group 3 was treated with VC extracts (200 mg/kg body weight), group 4 received VC extracts ( 400 mg/kg body weight) and group 5 was administered 100 mg/kg body weight of Vitamin E. At the end of the 21 days treatment period, the animals were sacrificed using chloroform vapours, and blood was collected via cardiac puncture and used for analyses of haematological as well as biochemical indices. Results: Results indicated significant decreases (p < 0.001) in LDL-c, TC and TG levels in groups 3,4 and 5 relative to both the control as well as group 2, the atherogenic index showed a significant decrease at p < 0.001) in all treated groups compared with control and PCM- treated group. However, both extracts treated groups and vitamin E treated group showed significant (p < 0.001) increase in HDL-c relative to the control and PCM treated group. Serum potassium concentration was significantly (p < 0.05 and 0.001) reduced across all the treated groups compared with control and PCM- treated groups. Group 4 showed significant (p < 0.001) increase in RBC count, Hb, and PCV compared with PCM- treated group. Conclusions: We therefore conclude that ethanolic leaf extract of VC possesses probable anti-anemic, hypolipidemic potentials, and also ameliorates serum electrolyte imbalance in paracetamol- induced toxicity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetaminophen" title="acetaminophen">acetaminophen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haematological%20indices" title=" haematological indices"> haematological indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypolipidemic%20potentials" title=" hypolipidemic potentials"> hypolipidemic potentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20lipid%20profile" title=" serum lipid profile"> serum lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vernonia%20calvoana" title=" vernonia calvoana"> vernonia calvoana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wistar%20rats" title=" wistar rats"> wistar rats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45628/the-hypolipidemic-and-anti-nephrotoxic-potentials-of-vernonia-calvoana-extract-in-acetaminophen-treated-male-wistar-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Healthy Feeding and Drinking Troughs for Profitable Intensive Deep-Litter Poultry Farming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Ojochogu%20Adejo">Godwin Ojochogu Adejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyn%20UnekwuOjo%20Adejo"> Evelyn UnekwuOjo Adejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20UnenwOjo%20Adejo"> Sunday UnenwOjo Adejo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mainstream contemporary approach to controlling the impact of diseases among poultry birds rely largely on curative measures through the administration of drugs to infected birds. Most times as observed in the deep liter poultry farming system, entire flocks including uninfected birds receive the treatment they do not need. As such, unguarded use of chemical drugs and antibiotics has led to wastage and accumulation of chemical residues in poultry products with associated health hazards to humans. However, wanton and frequent drug usage in poultry is avoidable if feeding and drinking equipment are designed to curb infection transmission among birds. Using toxicological assays as guide and with efficiency and simplicity in view, two newly field-tested and recently patented equipments called 'healthy liquid drinking trough (HDT)' and 'healthy feeding trough (HFT)' that systematically eliminate contamination of the feeding and drinking channels, thereby, curbing wide-spread infection and transmission of diseases in the (intensive) deep litter poultry farming system were designed. Upon combined usage, they automatically and drastically reduced both the amount and frequency of antibiotics use in poultry by over > 50%. Additionally, they conferred optimization of feed and water utilization/elimination of wastage by > 80%, reduced labour by > 70%, reduced production cost by about 15%, and reduced chemical residues in poultry meat or eggs by > 85%. These new and cheap technologies which require no energy input are likely to elevate safety of poultry products for consumers' health, increase marketability locally and for export, and increase output and profit especially among poultry farmers and poor people who keep poultry or inevitably utilize poultry products in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy" title="healthy">healthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trough" title=" trough"> trough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicological" title=" toxicological"> toxicological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assay-guided" title=" assay-guided"> assay-guided</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry" title=" poultry"> poultry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105246/healthy-feeding-and-drinking-troughs-for-profitable-intensive-deep-litter-poultry-farming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Dennison&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Dennison&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div 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