CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f989d9d6fd37',cH: 'JXsDo3J8DFOlD89Ysm8ruiTqBrq6ekfL5.C5e5Imo.E-1739786891-1.2.1.1-ms6jUv2zTh.H_4sI3wCFn169bsLJq6CzNIXc4vyUaquUZLVU.fnvq656r_VP_Q0d',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=social%20identity&__cf_chl_tk=ZWiOrgGcIqglCS6kb7fFGXJ1.Wm5zn..hcqQmMHvA_g-1739786891-1.0.1.1-Rfw_5kSPckxX2UolWYxCYjPiLqO_SGZ3bbvqJ1r.Mnk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786891',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=social%20identity&__cf_chl_f_tk=ZWiOrgGcIqglCS6kb7fFGXJ1.Wm5zn..hcqQmMHvA_g-1739786891-1.0.1.1-Rfw_5kSPckxX2UolWYxCYjPiLqO_SGZ3bbvqJ1r.Mnk",md: "fLbbZol_9_C0Xdi.gluc7RDAiUO.tgWT9Ha_62qYMRg-1739786891-1.2.1.1-rUnHPz9AKFR8ZL_.CzziYTvXCh0YfuXU85nytxm4yyWBH7OPoc6_pkM.ZEckrjqfyu2yzgMG6xTpFpCMC7DAT3LkW1DBzBoOVRWFGnznRgGmbBUhZg6F7iluSQXItDCuqxZUbtf90AS4WjN9RBsPtwr8tZwiN.ZDW10Janox0nFMs7R5Z7NfA5jYJjDRQoom1a2gJBCelrU_KHHe8YjNSfMyKBt6jI6xMjUULFp1Z3WNS45VD01y0QQAw_0Q_2gGUwyfEnQaHp5qf4jTCgJ40JcWi0StL8mr.JezsJBVephDwSvk9xvVuP0cQHoJpe.BSub6NND.RMxQSw9lyyo4q2fOGOwtiDUIHjQuIsGCzMQfwQlyX8EIY6G.VbBfEtyaxP5XL6jATvXrcnUSHws._fMPEEup0B6flIWTDvHUqIZ2KEXvkeQl1nut0Jn1E9fwcMo95EX2eTNNOe0yUZRuCKKU2j58b9hsqVe4jKeT3kWqJEyymAnUh3pLCMYNbabWJjtBesKCAmD7DmNhoF7Xq1.tH6Tf.7_MFdD8c5TrXA3gJTtrYLppjD0dXrY_DjKlNIb9f6aTUEPZHayUtjR78WSUHSyWDJNXv1H.9u0NkmDxphbPC.sdDIT597NJasl146eBuGuO5q2YPR1.D47pRV1t3ElrZ5gEdUCDqEXFdI97d4KKFbcVb9DMTyjWWt8aKZr7ZsmsH8G3QmrJrFl2Rmopf0bTbUvJBjo5kfmNJUSB.2GY2INj5fiYXqby_ioWlo6G7DMulTIoEFBSK71CZQ7v92G_kdpwURQjPwRzHBlEylf8elsgkpxvn_qhWZMZb0Uo6pGfVOt.fM82H2XaPpHGqxdrmQE82KJanlu4m7o_5vJNZqVuvN6Cg4QM3bBrKqSavM8tZmlxtezACki7zDkKRyyRU1N4Inxakphswr7_MoYDRSRhel5gEiF63qzIVo3VE94k0wEoYAPGtpJNd_TeAjfaIBcaz3bDOL4LbQPWUEcIwKfpfDZYJA1Yg26Y5WZlR4iQ90twxSUnaCWW1y5FJazRu4RSFmi5Tt.J6F5uTlf04ovECzZ7box.TqjWlHc7H8S7gdjgqvE7hJE4C3MEwp8E50jz1wjm0OW7NENH.s3mQizbiThw3GBglq4kQLoaLpQjIy0qLIHFyjQGvENKTWtajP0SCXdIi1gDuLqbr_VdoLfQs28U3L4MZO6pNIM9OKNosu3c_J1nlbNiWr3daybgxO4e1WB4G_RIeTOnqxH863acZLGKOaUa8nc.ty9Pn2ovX4KnmnaSi7O8g3jI5.K1Io5twmtg9kUShUzgw6xg1sIFOTGrCe_5z3ldWKIDpADnnjlYP1qaoseJJiDrJMtSclxBSYJbr0D3C8iNQWn1o1GvOmWvT2RCVJfJLbNb.7sgTys729E7xWRCIFVpTcKfgzVZgyKOF5_lBxFsmjs.91S5K3PgpJYCwShRCzgxhMjTafsrdOEtORickgjXAt0XdorB.kbWXeG7qAxqJ6DO9jDG1hqeFXar6xRKwe3cCr2dqi2KR5uvHLeIap8W8z_Lq_Q.nT0Q7wlaR5CtlZ_Embso_3KQoc85B9rQPu8qgl_.GQJxplBnmEqddm8CzG.wdz0PmJb5y2ZPn8AyoD2uypo5_GK3tDDMKDa0HMvu60zLhvl0RhpsbaOSysJZhK5dH7friGhi.71wCWPV3s.C5IKLTwqpy88JDLnuD_eoeA63xb.F6w1GnkNXs4GgHlN1_d2J58PXkZVEMMsrv6GTR1XAUTHz642KH2LVmZ6zt4bIEJN6pjD1ZgcB1s_DLRu3oQAr6IRSQGF_7BHkFznGNvIzGnPR1fXCw5wQawf.cyT.s.juf2w9zYP8IDfhpfPlkXid_pd14SuQhRewQQVKQdXE_TjMYTRq29nA3F9BTq_IlZnj80KMUTGVS2NI18k5VZPbkDCJvHeUQR8",mdrd: "xYm7q3oD7Ou4CSgXrHr9J_dzG9UZVhHRrBF9aQfcb94-1739786891-1.2.1.1-rZDQbrxjM1R51Ub6w_S53qNvWDNPuW6BrdZvD.dPKnhS4XVep1lPyFEXGsLnpXp46e9bBrE9SB6u2OTAXSMEUJqiFPI39Ssp_QAsmgnbVCEf__1Kf4HGw4EMU0h36oMtzCmHMjG8YnJI4Npt2Md3zPNimUVLwN5Unahs.NBG.V78NkFL7fxkBOBg4eAqOw_u33AKgksHgs9bsR4MdUDVJ.OvnDNPMhraWtw.qMhANg5WXumg6yR9wr5burdoJL9bAubeyH7HqWAXaGe9quJRDzGX6xlkEAK2sRhXzis.WO8OapBV_a8rww00a2wx5NlUdmauz7ZM7h1vjaaVr4O5zAxtJdjO92og.RYK4sJPhQpO.dLhpaU1Ik4g7iB2sJ8lkk9OxptCEF4XrkOM3o2Vg4H5SySIqVBr3Wl4qeOKJFBz9wLFn4mRfLKVLbTuN_VVGPkVkJRM2wamP.fAssmkPlApL0BQ_bB6iHSXm1u1HdFKbDqS4f4fX8BYHmRKL2DnNz_2aofNaeuLmxSin0J0nf9qzH2gZONq414.r47b6eT2s1AQt3e_ga9ncXbIWcb1nyEig85lZilk2fxXwLnKM8u8aSin0P2PhfSTGQ4AgHwFepL2WSPesWz4f_zJ5FCn1uDJhbmiDF0kfziRUmOQUXZXBq5E5TohcTyWNhdL55_Tzsg5cFepBra4HtyDj2h32I_.9EfFGoxYrG1s4PTmiDja88M3wUPAd7Jdk8CBfibAIXbqo8xcmnhHY.rE52MalfSEJa2.p.lX4Y0yPMH.svnj2Wqu_zmzEFKxo8bRW4IB5mD733gS5AlBd799IprDfAn2a6vrnL9JfkDYiQx0qgxF.EqgwxhQZrzNc_iPecXngIW_4gQdjiUFKqGoDWeSK4Urkz_sh.ZQAY_mrfQ0Tz9_Z5aq1ZKblz96xnL9Ohp6cXm8h0oBOBVDTvv7Jt5JhKneqmyKtf.R87PsruxunKUzdswA6jk5Urwh7NOTXkXTglBHVQwk1Ndw69JpzZ0aHMXl4GKZDkyXUDOKtxibkMAFUj0fKec4HrMIDh3SePJEY0ItwWP0qGB5hL2BTNOYh75aBft50_TwNaTYUHaGqg.RWVXNUUs0XHxScizLz27g4PHzTpD8KHTlv4tlZHxkr7aNJhw8rgZ7qQP6FipO2QZAJ3kQIVyHTnfTLenEj7wKmISQlXCg3o7CMsl6W2tmNbu8rSphnu_lWF6x5pl6QuaEEv3RYjbvc1NSYuilmq.9ypX31Q1poFbC6SmTHRP2qKCmMwFgpqE18Qyh__KlAvaeux1hGQgegSHH_3jmGYQ5eYXfLMyJTYqVG6utGN_pBNG.TMM6djcLCugJbEvPXbJlPVJpNY1.u8FvKox2O3JtpsQJLIi0o7IIn4AVKmnPfoy9Qh.tOBlSQK6yaEv.v2bmuHZH3BytGwpLKqQqYlyJ16JF1pthE5GPFoDQ3A.wPTycTLEzm4pRR0gZzLfjKqc6ES3c8TlNxSUUBXOHxmeR6R9Wm8Z0q.yVhO3WCFY02F5aaBMwDYl8dO2OShFId4jyE36L74xri3Q44AitD31WA8Bcq95mSaSe76Z4lFaUvWaMMk.rt6lOh9SZucGPwLXn3GjvWHg1qWDM3YrgvoObzFTwCcfYythf6L87m03QddYDmzdIAp_ysGu.rSbbtkzbVdctNspaEEwPAORkOhIacMO90zqmOGGRu8iVbxPGVCRbJxFzvwtd7qsj7H1zy0QyevlYdo8lQHtRbnFk0jZutw2ayNB.vAOIgvgGsmayG64azp5TJGG4i1ffGChGDddFvNhNhYmGV.w..Wib0N55gXzHJZFmsoudTxsQ1xsdYTGZDo_bdjFjdFi52qBjL5eEFwRRyGSECpp8Sg5Bx8XpwkUKmb90ULrLjRf9B9_8tyJvijLPkUq7iKsXqhCJIOEr87itdvlDeiNrYHq0JVcrNv4kFm4EM1BkNWKZR.L_"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f989d9d6fd37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=social%20identity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZWiOrgGcIqglCS6kb7fFGXJ1.Wm5zn..hcqQmMHvA_g-1739786891-1.0.1.1-Rfw_5kSPckxX2UolWYxCYjPiLqO_SGZ3bbvqJ1r.Mnk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>