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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues_caused_by_poorly-fitting_toe_boxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues_caused_by_poorly-fitting_toe_boxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Issues caused by poorly-fitting toe boxes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issues_caused_by_poorly-fitting_toe_boxes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issues caused by poorly-fitting toe boxes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issues_caused_by_poorly-fitting_toe_boxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Joint_deformities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_deformities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Joint deformities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint_deformities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bunions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bunions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Bunions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bunions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hammertoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hammertoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Hammertoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hammertoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skin_and_nail_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skin_and_nail_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Skin and nail problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skin_and_nail_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blisters_and_calluses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blisters_and_calluses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Blisters and calluses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blisters_and_calluses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jogger's_toes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jogger's_toes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Jogger's toes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jogger's_toes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ingrown_toenails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ingrown_toenails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Ingrown toenails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ingrown_toenails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vertical_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vertical_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vertical profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vertical_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horizontal_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horizontal_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Horizontal profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horizontal_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Split_toe_boxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_toe_boxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Split toe boxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split_toe_boxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creasing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creasing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Creasing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creasing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of a shoe</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diversity_Feet_(4549085259).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group of people stood with one foot outstretched, forming a circle. They wear a variety of shoes and sandals." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Diversity_Feet_%284549085259%29.jpg/220px-Diversity_Feet_%284549085259%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Diversity_Feet_%284549085259%29.jpg/330px-Diversity_Feet_%284549085259%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Diversity_Feet_%284549085259%29.jpg/440px-Diversity_Feet_%284549085259%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3367" data-file-height="2526" /></a><figcaption>Shoes with a variety of toe boxes</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>toe box</b> is the section of <a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">footwear</a> that surrounds the toes on closed-toe shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-design_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-design-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toe boxes that are too tight can cause injuries and <a href="/wiki/Foot_deformity" title="Foot deformity">foot deformities</a>, whereas wider toe boxes may be used to treat or prevent common foot conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Broken_toe" title="Broken toe">broken toes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wider_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wider-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bunions" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunions">bunions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AO2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Highheel2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Highheel2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_neuroma" title="Morton's neuroma">Morton's neuroma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shoemods_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoemods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toe boxes come in a variety of shapes and styles of construction, some of which are a matter of fashion, and some of which are designed for specialized functions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fitting">Fitting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fitting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif/220px-VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif/330px-VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif/440px-VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption>If the toes overhang when standing on the removed insole (right), then they will be cramped inside the toe box (left)</figcaption></figure> <p>The toe box of a shoe should fit the wearer's foot without cramping or compressing it. A simple way to test if a toe box is too tight is to take out the insole of the shoe and stand on it. If the toes overhang the insole, the toe box is too small for the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The toe box also needs enough extra room to accommodate movements of the foot, such as lengthening arches and the splay of the toes.<sup id="cite_ref-fitting_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitting-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With each step, ankles and feet bend, toes spread and flex,<sup id="cite_ref-fitting_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitting-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Arches_of_the_foot" title="Arches of the foot">arches of the foot</a> flatten and rebound. Because the arches flatten,<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the foot lengthens<sup id="cite_ref-ballet_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ballet-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fitting_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fitting-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and widens as it takes weight.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82–83">: 82–83 </span></sup> Weight-bearing causes the foot to widen across the <a href="/wiki/Ball_(foot)" title="Ball (foot)">ball</a> by up to 0.5 inches (1.3 cm). A foot with a higher longitudinal arch will lengthen more in use, and more room in front of the toes may be needed.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82–83">: 82–83 </span></sup> </p><p>When running, weight is shifted onto the ball and toes of the foot, with the heel barely touching the ground. A narrow toe box therefore hinders running more than it does walking.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p><p>High heels also shift weigh onto the toes. Even a heel less than 2 centimetres (0.79 in) tall can increase pressure on the toes by over 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-cost_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cost-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues_caused_by_poorly-fitting_toe_boxes">Issues caused by poorly-fitting toe boxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Issues caused by poorly-fitting toe boxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2jalan%C3%B5ud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/2jalan%C3%B5ud.jpg/220px-2jalan%C3%B5ud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/2jalan%C3%B5ud.jpg/330px-2jalan%C3%B5ud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/2jalan%C3%B5ud.jpg/440px-2jalan%C3%B5ud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Roomy toe boxes</figcaption></figure> <p>Generally, toes should not touch the toe box itself, at the end or at the sides. Toe boxes that put pressure on the foot slowly produce permanent deformities;<sup id="cite_ref-cost_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cost-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> toe boxes that strike the toes cause bruising; and toe boxes that rub hurt the skin.<sup id="cite_ref-marathon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marathon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narrowed toe boxes may also be linked to <a href="/wiki/Metatarsalgia" title="Metatarsalgia">metatarsalgia</a> (pain in the midfoot), <a href="/wiki/Metatarsal_stress_fracture" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsal stress fracture">metatarsal stress fracture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haglund_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Haglund syndrome">Haglund syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freiberg_infraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiberg infraction">Freiberg infraction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_neuroma" title="Morton's neuroma">Morton's neuroma</a>. They can also aggravate <a href="/wiki/Bursitis" title="Bursitis">bursitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imaging_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imaging-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_deformities">Joint deformities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Joint deformities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Too-tight toe boxes can permanently deform the foot,<sup id="cite_ref-cost_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cost-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weakening it enough to significantly impair function.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 106, 110–113">: 106, 110–113 </span></sup> Tight socks can have similar effects, especially if the foot is already fairly deformed.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 105138">: 105138 </span></sup> </p><p>Roomy toe boxes which permit free movement help, with improvement of deformities of the foot depending on the degree of severity and duration of the deformity, and the age of the patient.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 107, 112">: 107, 112 </span></sup> If too-narrow and too-short toe boxes have previously been worn, the muscles of the arches will be weaker; the foot may expand more, and the muscles may feel tired and painful until they strengthen.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 83">: 83 </span></sup> Foot exercise and broader shoes tend to thicken and widen the foot; a re-fitting after six months may be needed, although after that the shoe size of adults generally stabilizes.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bunions">Bunions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bunions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shoes which put pressure on the outside edge of the big toe cause <a href="/wiki/Bunion" title="Bunion">bunion</a> (bending of the big toe sideways towards the other toes). Bunion prevention requires a shoe with a sole which does not taper on that side, so that the big toe can point in its natural direction.<sup id="cite_ref-cost_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cost-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 103–105">: 103–105 </span></sup> Any material bunion deformity appreciably weakens the foot; the sideways shift in the big toe decreases leverage and shifts weight-bearing. However, this deformity is very common.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 105">: 105 </span></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Tailor%27s_bunion" title="Tailor's bunion">bunionette</a>, a similar inwards bending of the little toe, is caused by a too-narrow toe box which puts pressure on the other side of the toes; it is not uncommon, but generally causes less impairment, as the little toe is less mechanically important.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 105">: 105 </span></sup> </p><p>The 1993 <a href="/wiki/American_Orthopaedic_Foot_and_Ankle_Society" title="American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society">American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</a> Women’s Shoe Survey found that women who wore shoes no more than 0.5 cm narrower than their feet (12% of those surveyed) very rarely had foot pain and had less foot deformity than the average woman (who wore shoes 1.2 cm narrower than her foot). Of women who wore shoes that <i>were</i> more than 0.5 cm narrower than their feet, 80% had foot pain and 73 percent were <a href="/wiki/Orthopaedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopaedic">orthopaedic</a> patients.<sup id="cite_ref-cost_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cost-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women over 50 who remember wearing narrow toe boxes in their 20s and 30s are more likely to have foot pain and <a href="/wiki/Bunion" title="Bunion">bunions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-design_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-design-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Severe bunions can develop into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crossover_toe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crossover toe (page does not exist)">crossover toes</a>, where the toes overlap.<sup id="cite_ref-imaging_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imaging-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crossover toes are initially flexible, and can be uncrossed with the fingers, but spring back. If left, eventually the soft tissue scars and tightens, and it becomes impossible to uncross the toes.<sup id="cite_ref-lesser_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesser-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hammertoes">Hammertoes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hammertoes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tight toe boxes are the most common cause of <a href="/wiki/Hammer_toe" title="Hammer toe">hammertoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallet_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mallet toe">mallet toes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claw_toes" class="mw-redirect" title="Claw toes">claw toes</a>. A too-small toe box forces the toes to bend; eventually, the ligaments shorten, the joint capsule tightens, and the toes no longer relax to a straight position when taken out of the shoes. If the ligaments continue to tighten, it may become impossible to straighten the toes.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lesser_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesser-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wearing wide, roomy toe boxes which are longer than the longest toe, and are not tight or painful anywhere, prevents and treats hammertoes. High heels can force the toes forwards against the ends of the toe box, and should also be avoided (both to prevent hammertoes and to treat them).<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shoes should fasten such that the toes do not slide into a collision with the end of the toe box, especially when walking downhill.<sup id="cite_ref-marathon_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marathon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skin_and_nail_problems">Skin and nail problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Skin and nail problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preventing_black_toenail_subungual_hematoma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Preventing_black_toenail_subungual_hematoma.svg/220px-Preventing_black_toenail_subungual_hematoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Preventing_black_toenail_subungual_hematoma.svg/330px-Preventing_black_toenail_subungual_hematoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Preventing_black_toenail_subungual_hematoma.svg/440px-Preventing_black_toenail_subungual_hematoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Right column: the shoe is loose, and when walking, particularly downhill, the foot slides back and forth within the shoe.</li><li>Center: there is too little ease for arches to extend when walking, and the shoe is too tight.</li><li>Left: a properly-fitting shoe.</li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blisters_and_calluses">Blisters and calluses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Blisters and calluses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ill-fitting toe boxes can rub against the foot, causing <a href="/wiki/Blisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Blisters">blisters</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-marathon_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marathon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eventually <a href="/wiki/Callus" title="Callus">calluses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corn_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn (medicine)">corns</a>. These often occur on the toes and the balls of the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 110–113">: 110–113 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marathon_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marathon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foot deformation and dysfunction can encourage calluses to form.<sup id="cite_ref-marathon_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marathon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jogger's_toes"><span id="Jogger.27s_toes"></span>Jogger's toes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jogger's toes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the toe box does not have enough room around the toes, or the foot can slide forwards far enough to jam the toes into the end of the toe box, it can also cause <a href="/wiki/Subungual_hematoma" title="Subungual hematoma">black toenail</a> (also known as jogger's toe).<sup id="cite_ref-marathon_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marathon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The toes also need vertical space; a toe cap which is low enough to press on the top of the toe may also cause bruising under the nail, especially if the toe cap is stiff. If the toe box is pointed, the toes may be wedged forwards into the area with inadequate height.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 52–53, 135">: 52–53, 135 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ingrown_toenails">Ingrown toenails</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ingrown toenails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Narrow pointed shoes (or tight socks) can be a factor in causing ingrown toenails.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vertical_profile">Vertical profile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vertical profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toes boxes are either structured (with a three-dimensional shape, often produced with a thermoplastic interlayer) or unstructured. Structuring mostly affects the depth of the toe box.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Moccasins" class="mw-redirect" title="Moccasins">moccasins</a> have wide, unstructured toe boxes, somewhat loose on the foot, which allow toe splay.<sup id="cite_ref-why_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many toe boxes also include toe spring, where the sole curves up towards the toes. When the shoe is flexible enough to bend with the foot, at the ball of the foot, this is not needed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most toe boxes, at a point 5 cm (2.0 in) from the tip, are roughly 44 mm (1.7 in) deep, regardless of style.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Especially wide and deep toe boxes may be used to provide space for foot deformities and foot orthotics.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boots,_pair,_man%27s_(AM_1931.576-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pair of boots with symmetrically-pointed unstructured square toe boxes."><img alt="A pair of boots with symmetrically-pointed unstructured square toe boxes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Boots%2C_pair%2C_man%27s_%28AM_1931.576-1%29.jpg/120px-Boots%2C_pair%2C_man%27s_%28AM_1931.576-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Boots%2C_pair%2C_man%27s_%28AM_1931.576-1%29.jpg/180px-Boots%2C_pair%2C_man%27s_%28AM_1931.576-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Boots%2C_pair%2C_man%27s_%28AM_1931.576-1%29.jpg/240px-Boots%2C_pair%2C_man%27s_%28AM_1931.576-1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="1394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pair of boots with symmetrically-pointed unstructured square toe boxes.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_clogs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entirely wooden clogs are rigid. While they are fairly foot-shaped inside, they often have bulky, pointed "duck-tail" external toe boxes, with substantial external toe spring."><img alt="Entirely wooden clogs are rigid. While they are fairly foot-shaped inside, they often have bulky, pointed "duck-tail" external toe boxes, with substantial external toe spring." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lithuanian_clogs.jpg/120px-Lithuanian_clogs.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lithuanian_clogs.jpg/180px-Lithuanian_clogs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lithuanian_clogs.jpg/240px-Lithuanian_clogs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entirely wooden <a href="/wiki/Clogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Clogs">clogs</a> are rigid. While they are fairly foot-shaped inside, they often have bulky, pointed "duck-tail" external toe boxes, with substantial external toe spring.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0097-02,_Holtwick,_M%C3%A4dchen_auf_dem_Schulweg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The internal and external shape of a wooden clog allows the shoes to rock forwards, so the foot can push off in a fairly normal gait."><img alt="The internal and external shape of a wooden clog allows the shoes to rock forwards, so the foot can push off in a fairly normal gait." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0097-02%2C_Holtwick%2C_M%C3%A4dchen_auf_dem_Schulweg.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0097-02%2C_Holtwick%2C_M%C3%A4dchen_auf_dem_Schulweg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0097-02%2C_Holtwick%2C_M%C3%A4dchen_auf_dem_Schulweg.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0097-02%2C_Holtwick%2C_M%C3%A4dchen_auf_dem_Schulweg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0097-02%2C_Holtwick%2C_M%C3%A4dchen_auf_dem_Schulweg.jpg/240px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0097-02%2C_Holtwick%2C_M%C3%A4dchen_auf_dem_Schulweg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The internal and external shape of a wooden clog allows the shoes to rock forwards, so the foot can push off in a fairly normal gait.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Horizontal_profile">Horizontal profile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Horizontal profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toe boxes also come in various widths and horizontal-plane shapes. Foot-shaped toe boxes are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-footshape_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footshape-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most toe boxes are widest at the ball of the foot, then taper towards the toes, although the foot widens from the base of the toes forwards.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toe boxes often taper symmetrically, from both sides;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> feet do not. If toe box taper is wide enough that it is outside the space needed by the foot, a tapered toe box can be comfortable.<sup id="cite_ref-footshape_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footshape-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many shoes have a toe box which is excessively narrow in relation to heel width; if a sufficiently wide toe box can be picked out, the shoe will often be loose on the heel. Some shoe manufacturers make "split sizes", where the toe and heel size are varied independently, on a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combination_last&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combination last (page does not exist)">combination last</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cost_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cost-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are periodic fashions for pointy-toes shoes. Pointy-toed <a href="/wiki/Poulaines" class="mw-redirect" title="Poulaines">poulaines</a> were fashionable in the 14th and 15th centuries. Skeletons of people who lived in this time are much more likely to have bunions, and richer people, who were more likely to wear pointy-toed shoes, were more likely to have bunions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Winkle_picker" class="mw-redirect" title="Winkle picker">Winkle pickers</a>, fashionable in the mid 20th century, were also quite pointed. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birkenstock_Mules.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A rounded, asymmetical toe box, probably fairly deep. These are quite toe-shaped toeboxes. The toe box does not narrow on the inside, allowing the big toe to point straight forward"><img alt="A rounded, asymmetical toe box, probably fairly deep. These are quite toe-shaped toeboxes. The toe box does not narrow on the inside, allowing the big toe to point straight forward" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Birkenstock_Mules.jpg/240px-Birkenstock_Mules.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Birkenstock_Mules.jpg/360px-Birkenstock_Mules.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Birkenstock_Mules.jpg/480px-Birkenstock_Mules.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A rounded, asymmetical toe box, probably fairly deep. These are quite toe-shaped toeboxes. The toe box does not narrow on the inside, allowing the big toe to point straight forward</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-08_archeon_schnabelschuh.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Poulaines are turnshoes which have toe boxes with protruding points."><img alt="Poulaines are turnshoes which have toe boxes with protruding points." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2008-08_archeon_schnabelschuh.JPG/240px-2008-08_archeon_schnabelschuh.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2008-08_archeon_schnabelschuh.JPG/360px-2008-08_archeon_schnabelschuh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2008-08_archeon_schnabelschuh.JPG/480px-2008-08_archeon_schnabelschuh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Poulaine" title="Poulaine">Poulaines</a> are <a href="/wiki/Turnshoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnshoes">turnshoes</a> which have toe boxes with protruding points.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 406.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 404.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_David_-_The_Marriage_at_Cana_(cropped_to_foreground_shoes).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duckbill shoes came into fashion as poulaines went out of fashion."><img alt="Duckbill shoes came into fashion as poulaines went out of fashion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gerard_David_-_The_Marriage_at_Cana_%28cropped_to_foreground_shoes%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="405" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="133" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Duckbill_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Duckbill shoes">Duckbill shoes</a> came into fashion as poulaines went out of fashion.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plateau_region_moccasins,_1900-1930_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00545.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Moccasins are turnshoes. These ones have wide, asymmetrical, rounded toe boxes"><img alt="Moccasins are turnshoes. These ones have wide, asymmetrical, rounded toe boxes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Plateau_region_moccasins%2C_1900-1930_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00545.JPG/177px-Plateau_region_moccasins%2C_1900-1930_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00545.JPG" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Plateau_region_moccasins%2C_1900-1930_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00545.JPG/266px-Plateau_region_moccasins%2C_1900-1930_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00545.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Plateau_region_moccasins%2C_1900-1930_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00545.JPG/355px-Plateau_region_moccasins%2C_1900-1930_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00545.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3593" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Moccasins" class="mw-redirect" title="Moccasins">Moccasins</a> are <a href="/wiki/Turnshoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnshoes">turnshoes</a>. These ones have wide, asymmetrical, rounded toe boxes</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Split_toe_boxes">Split toe boxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Split toe boxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some toe boxes are split. Some are split into two pockets, like those of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jika-tabi" title="Jika-tabi">jika-tabi</a></i></span>; others are split into more pockets. Five-pocket toe boxes, with one pocket per toe, can be difficult to fit, as each pocket may be too long, too short, too wide, or too narrow. Splitting the toe box helps allow toe splay and gripping.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-why_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jika-tabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jika-tabi with a split two-pocket tabi toe box"><img alt="Jika-tabi with a split two-pocket tabi toe box" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Jika-tabi.jpg/120px-Jika-tabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Jika-tabi.jpg/180px-Jika-tabi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Jika-tabi.jpg/240px-Jika-tabi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jika-tabi" title="Jika-tabi">Jika-tabi</a></i></span> with a split two-pocket <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tabi" title="Tabi">tabi</a></i></span> toe box</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inov8_Evoskin_Minimalist_Shoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Five-toed shoes, transparent. It can be seen that the wearer's big toes are a bit too long for their pockets, and the small toes too short."><img alt="Five-toed shoes, transparent. It can be seen that the wearer's big toes are a bit too long for their pockets, and the small toes too short." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Inov8_Evoskin_Minimalist_Shoes.jpg/120px-Inov8_Evoskin_Minimalist_Shoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Inov8_Evoskin_Minimalist_Shoes.jpg/180px-Inov8_Evoskin_Minimalist_Shoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Inov8_Evoskin_Minimalist_Shoes.jpg/240px-Inov8_Evoskin_Minimalist_Shoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="1532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Five-toed shoes, transparent. It can be seen that the wearer's big toes are a bit too long for their pockets, and the small toes too short.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zehenstegschuh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A more conventional shoe with a five-pocket toe box"><img alt="A more conventional shoe with a five-pocket toe box" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zehenstegschuh.jpg/120px-Zehenstegschuh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zehenstegschuh.jpg/180px-Zehenstegschuh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zehenstegschuh.jpg/240px-Zehenstegschuh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="1662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A more conventional shoe with a five-pocket toe box</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Happy_Birthday_Son_-_Skele-Toes_(5878956020).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Four-pocket toe box"><img alt="Four-pocket toe box" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Happy_Birthday_Son_-_Skele-Toes_%285878956020%29.jpg/120px-Happy_Birthday_Son_-_Skele-Toes_%285878956020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Happy_Birthday_Son_-_Skele-Toes_%285878956020%29.jpg/180px-Happy_Birthday_Son_-_Skele-Toes_%285878956020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Happy_Birthday_Son_-_Skele-Toes_%285878956020%29.jpg/240px-Happy_Birthday_Son_-_Skele-Toes_%285878956020%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Four-pocket toe box</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An early 20th century survey by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Corps" title="United States Army Medical Corps">United States Army Medical Corps</a>'s Army Shoe Board found that less than five percent of the enlisted men had good feet, and attributed most of the problems to poor shoe fit (including civilian shoes).<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 101–102">: 101–102 </span></sup> The toe boxes of the new military-issue shoes were therefore designed to fit mildly deformed rather than undeformed feet.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104–105">: 104–105 </span></sup> The Shoe Board recognized that fit would be imperfect, and recommended breaking in new shoes rapidly by standing in them in 3 inches (76 mm) of water for up to 5 minutes, to soak the leather through, and then walking on a level surface outdoors for up to 1 hour, or until the shoes have dried. Failing this, they suggested breaking them in by wearing them for initially short periods, progressively lengthened, to break in the shoe rather than the foot. They also recommended using special shoe stretchers with removable pegs to stretch the toe boxes wider, and stretch bumps over blisters, corns, and bunions.<sup id="cite_ref-usmilit_9-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmilit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88–90">: 88–90 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballet">Ballet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ballet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pointe_shoe_toe_box.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pointe_shoe_toe_box.jpg/220px-Pointe_shoe_toe_box.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pointe_shoe_toe_box.jpg/330px-Pointe_shoe_toe_box.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pointe_shoe_toe_box.jpg/440px-Pointe_shoe_toe_box.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2191" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>Toe box of a ballet shoe, a rigid shell tightly covered in satin. The flat platform at the end of the toe box bears the dancer's whole weight when <i>en pointe</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ballet <a href="/wiki/Pointe_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe shoes">pointe shoes</a> have highly specialized toe boxes, as the end of the toe boxes, called the platform, must bear a dancer's entire weight when dancing <i>en pointe</i>. This is a <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> of about 220 psi or 1.5 MPa. When a dancer leaps and lands <i>en pointe</i>, the higher <a href="/wiki/Transient_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient load">transient load</a>, acting on the same area, briefly creates a much higher pressure. The toe box is a rigid socket, built from layers of paper, glue, and fabric (usually <a href="/wiki/Burlap" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlap">burlap</a>), and covered with a satin fabric. They sometimes contain plastic, but this tends to produce a stiff shoe and is not popular. The toe boxes start out too stiff to dance in, and must be broken in; after a certain amount of dancing, depending on technique and conditions, the toe boxes become too soft to support the foot. Reinforcement with fresh glue may postpone the date when the shoes must be replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-ballet_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ballet-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The toe box of a pointe shoe must be carefully fitted, with width of the toe box according with the dancer's toe shape. When the dancer stand with the feet pointing straight ahead and parallel (sixth position), and bends their knees deeply without raising their heels from the floor (a demi-plié), the feet lengthen; the toes should just touch the platform when in this position. The top of the toe box should be long enough that the throat (edge) falls a bit beyond the far end of the third <a href="/wiki/Phalanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanges">phalanx</a>, covering it entirely. Dancers often wear specialized padding around and between their toes.<sup id="cite_ref-ballet_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ballet-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creasing">Creasing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Creasing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A stiff, multipiece shoe with toe caps, which has been left on the <a href="/wiki/Shoe_last" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoe last">last</a> a long time, will crease less across the toe box. Leather quality has little effect. Using a shoe tree and a shoehorn will reduce creasing. Creasing is a cosmetic concern, but generally does not impair function.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boot" title="Steel-toe boot">Steel-toe boot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toe_box&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-design-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-design_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-design_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJellemaHuysmansHartholtvan_der_Cammen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Jellema, AH; 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