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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Namnesoge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namnesoge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Namnesoge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namnesoge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skiping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skiping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Skiping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skiping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bymurane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bymurane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bymurane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bymurane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Den_gylne_port-palasset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_gylne_port-palasset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Den gylne port-palasset</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_gylne_port-palasset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lærdomssenter_(700-_til_1200-talet)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lærdomssenter_(700-_til_1200-talet)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lærdomssenter (700- til 1200-talet)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lærdomssenter_(700-_til_1200-talet)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slutten_for_abbasidane_i_Bagdad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slutten_for_abbasidane_i_Bagdad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Slutten for abbasidane i Bagdad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slutten_for_abbasidane_i_Bagdad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Den_osmanske_tida_(1500-_til_1800-talet)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_osmanske_tida_(1500-_til_1800-talet)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Den osmanske tida (1500- til 1800-talet)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_osmanske_tida_(1500-_til_1800-talet)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900-_og_2000-talet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900-_og_2000-talet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1900- og 2000-talet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900-_og_2000-talet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hovudattraksjonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hovudattraksjonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hovudattraksjonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hovudattraksjonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativ_inndeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrativ inndeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Økonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venskapsbyar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venskapsbyar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Venskapsbyar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venskapsbyar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innhaldsliste" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bagdad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 207 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-207" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">207 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%B5" title="ባግዳድ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባግዳድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%93%DC%95%DC%90%DC%95_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܒܓܕܐܕ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܓܕܐܕ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Պաղտատ – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պաղտատ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বাগদাদ – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাগদাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdag" title="Bagdag – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bagdag" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багъдад – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Багъдад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdad" title="Bağdad – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bağdad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বাগদাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাগদাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Бағдад – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бағдад" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F" title="པ་ག་ཏ – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པ་ག་ཏ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Пахтат – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пахтат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagd%C3%A1d" title="Bagdád – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bagdád" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%A3%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%8B%DE%AA" title="ބަޣުދާދު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބަޣުދާދު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1zl%C3%ADn%C3%AD_Hatsoh_(%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah)" title="Názlíní Hatsoh (Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah) – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Názlíní Hatsoh (Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Βαγδάτη – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαγδάτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Багдад ош – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Багдад ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdado" title="Bagdado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bagdado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="БагӀдад – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="БагӀдад" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – gileki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gileki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EA%B7%B8%EB%8B%A4%EB%93%9C" title="바그다드 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바그다드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdaza" title="Bagdaza – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bagdaza" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Բաղդադ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բաղդադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बग़दाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बग़दाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – høgsorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høgsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%93%D7%90%D7%93" title="בגדאד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בגדאד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagidaad%C9%A9" title="Pagidaadɩ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pagidaadɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬಾಗ್ದಾದ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಗ್ದಾದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბაღდადი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაღდადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بَغداد – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بَغداد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Бағдат – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бағдат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldak" title="Baldak – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Baldak" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexda" title="Bexda – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bexda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdatum" title="Bagdatum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bagdatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagd%C4%81de" title="Bagdāde – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bagdāde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багъдад – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Багъдад" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdadas" title="Bagdadas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bagdadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bagdad" title="bagdad – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bagdad" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="ബാഗ്ദാദ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാഗ്ദാദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatata" title="Pakatata – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pakatata" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბაღდადი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბაღდადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdade" title="Bagdade – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bagdade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%92%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဘဂ္ဂဒက်မြို့ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘဂ္ဂဒက်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – nepalsk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बग्दाद – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बग्दाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B0%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="バグダード – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バグダード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="БагӀдад – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="БагӀдад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – austmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="austmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6" title="ବାଗଦାଦ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବାଗଦାଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag%CA%BBdod" title="Bagʻdod – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bagʻdod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਬਗ਼ਦਾਦ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਗ਼ਦਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagd%C3%A1" title="Bagdá – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bagdá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C7%B5dad" title="Baǵdad – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Baǵdad" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdad" title="Bağdad – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bağdad" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Баґдад – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Баґдад" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱫᱟᱫᱽ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱫᱟᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdadi" title="Bagdadi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bagdadi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="බැග්ඩෑඩ් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බැග්ඩෑඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqdaad" title="Baqdaad – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baqdaad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بەغدا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەغدا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="பகுதாது – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகுதாது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%A3dad" title="Bɣdad – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bɣdad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C9%A3dad" title="Beɣdad – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Beɣdad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D" title="బాగ్దాద్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బాగ్దాద్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94" title="แบกแดด – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบกแดด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бағдод – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бағдод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdat" title="Bağdat – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bağdat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdat" title="Bagdat – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bagdat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="باغداد – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="باغداد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdet" title="Bagdet – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bagdet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94" title="巴格達 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴格達" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴格达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%92%D7%93%D7%90%D7%93" title="באגדאד – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באגדאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94" title="巴格達 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴格達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C4%9Fdad" title="Beğdad – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Beğdad" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdads" title="Bagdads – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bagdads" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴格达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C7%A7dad" title="Baǧdad – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Baǧdad" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1530#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bagdad"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bagdad"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Bagdad" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Bagdad" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&oldid=3557549" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Bagdad&id=3557549&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBagdad"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBagdad"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bagdad"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bagdad&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography" style="width: 256px; padding: 0; font-size: 89%;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Stadnamn (lokalt namn)"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; color:black; background-color: #dfdfdf;">Bagdad </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Andre namn"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color:black; background-color: #dfdfdf;">بغداد </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow" title="Kategori"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; color:black; background-color: #dfdfdf;">by </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bagdad_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bagdad_collage.jpg/220px-Bagdad_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bagdad_collage.jpg/330px-Bagdad_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bagdad_collage.jpg/440px-Bagdad_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="1149" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Kallenamn"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>Kallenamn: </b><i>'Fredsbyen'<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Land"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Land </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Regionar der staden ligg"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Guvernement_i_Irak" title="Guvernement i Irak">guvernement</a> </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bagdad_guvernement" title="Bagdad guvernement">Bagdad</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="høgd over havet (moh)"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Høgd </th> <td>34 <a href="/wiki/Meter_over_havet" title="Meter over havet">moh.</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Geografiske koordinatar"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Koordinatar </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3539874">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bagdad&params=33_20_N_44_23_E_type:city(8765000)_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">44°23′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.333°N 44.383°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.333; 44.383</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Areal"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Areal </th> <td>204,2 <a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Totalt folketal"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Folketal </th> <td> 8 765 000  <small>(2016)</small> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Folketettleik"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Folketettleik </th> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap;">42 924 / km²</span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Grunnleggingsdato"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Grunnlagd </th> <td>762 evt. </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Leiar"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Borgarmeister </th> <td>Zekra Alwach </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Tidssone"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Tidssone </th> <td>Arabisk standardtid </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Postnummer"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Postnummer </th> <td>10001 til 10090 </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Retningsnummer"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Retningsnummer </th> <td>(+964) 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="5" data-lat="33.315277777778" data-lon="44.366111111111" data-lang="en" data-overlays="["_f0be508c1121eb5dc3ce370043c1692a956b57f6"]" href="/wiki/Spesial:Map/5/33.315277777778/44.366111111111/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,33.315277777778,44.366111111111,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=nn.wikipedia.org&title=Bagdad&revid=3557549&groups=_f0be508c1121eb5dc3ce370043c1692a956b57f6" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,33.315277777778,44.366111111111,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=nn.wikipedia.org&title=Bagdad&revid=3557549&groups=_f0be508c1121eb5dc3ce370043c1692a956b57f6 2x" alt="Kart" /></a><br />Bagdad<br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3539874" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bagdad&params=33.315277777778_N_44.366111111111_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°18′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°21′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.315277777778°N 44.366111111111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.315277777778; 44.366111111111</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <div style="width: 256px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: relative;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Iraq_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kart som viser Bagdad."><img alt="Kart som viser Bagdad." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/256px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/384px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/512px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption> Kart som viser Bagdad. </figcaption></figure></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:141.88px; top:118.43px; padding:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Locator_Red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Locator_Red.svg/9px-Locator_Red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Locator_Red.svg/14px-Locator_Red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Locator_Red.svg/18px-Locator_Red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </div> <div style="padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center;"> Kart som viser Bagdad. </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr title="Wikimedia Commons har media knytt til Bagdad"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>Wikimedia Commons: </b> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baghdad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baghdad">Baghdad</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Bagdad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a> <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بغداد</span>‎) er hovudstaden i <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>. I 2016 hadde Bagdad kring 8,8 millionar innbyggjarar,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og er den største byen i Irak, den neste største i <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_verda" title="Den arabiske verda">den arabiske verda</a> etter <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a> i <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> og den nest største byen i Vest-Asia (etter <a href="/wiki/Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>). </p><p>Byen ligg ved <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, vart grunnlagd på 700-talet og vart hovudstaden til <a href="/wiki/Abbasidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasidane">abbasidane</a>. Kort tid etter han vart grunnlagd utvikla Bagdad seg til eit viktig senter for kultur, handel og vitskap for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_islamske_verda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den islamske verda (sida finst ikkje)">den islamske verda</a>. I tillegg var her fleire viktige, akademiske institusjonar (t.d. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visdomshuset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visdomshuset (sida finst ikkje)">Visdomshuset</a>), som gav byen eit verdsomfattande rykte som eit «læresenter». </p><p>Fem hundre år etter Bagdad vart grunnlagd var han den største byen i <a href="/wiki/Mellomalderen" title="Mellomalderen">mellomalderen</a> og hadde på det meste meir enn ein million innbyggjarar..<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byen vart nesten heilt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringsetjinga_av_Bagdad_i_1258&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringsetjinga av Bagdad i 1258 (sida finst ikkje)">lagt i ruinar</a> av <a href="/wiki/Mongolriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolriket">Mongolriket</a> i 1258, og førte til ei nedgangstid som varte i fleire hundreår med mange pestepidemiar og herskarar. Då Irak vart ein sjølvstendig stat (tidlegare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_britiske_mandatet_for_Mesopotamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det britiske mandatet for Mesopotamia (sida finst ikkje)">det britiske mandatet for Mesopotamia</a>) i 1938, fekk Bagdad til ein viss grad attende rolla si som eit viktig senter for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabisk_kultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabisk kultur (sida finst ikkje)">arabisk kultur</a>. </p><p>I moderne tid har byen ofte slite med øydeleggingar av infrastrukturen i byen, sist under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasjonen_av_Irak_i_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasjonen av Irak i 2003 (sida finst ikkje)">invasjonen av Irak i 2003</a> og den påfølgjande <a href="/wiki/Irakkrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Irakkrigen">Irakkrigen</a> som varte til desember 2011. I seinare år har byen stadig vore angripe av opprørarar. I 2012 vart Bagdad rekna som ein av dei minst gjestfrie byane i verda å bu i,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og vart av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercer (sida finst ikkje)">Mercer</a> rekna nedst på lista over 221 byar for livskvalitet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namnesoge">Namnesoge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Namnesoge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Namnesoge"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namnet Bagdad er førislamsk og opphavet er omstridd.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Staden der Bagdad ligg byrja har vore busett i tusenvis av år. På 700-talet evt. hadde det utvikla seg fleire landsbyar her, mellom anna ei persisk<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grend kalla <i>Bagdad</i>. Dette namnet kom til å bli brukt for byen som abbasidane herska over her..<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arabiske skribentar som meiner namnet er førislamsk har generelt sett etter røtene til namnet på persisk.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dei har føreslått forskjellige tydingar, og det vanlegaste er «skjenkt av Gud».<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moderne forskarar har generelt vore samd med denne tolkinga,<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som ser på ordet som ei samansetning av <i>bagh</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Baghpahlavi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Baghpahlavi.png/25px-Baghpahlavi.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Baghpahlavi.png/38px-Baghpahlavi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Baghpahlavi.png/50px-Baghpahlavi.png 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="167" /></a></span>) «gud» og <i>dād</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dadpahlavi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dadpahlavi.png/30px-Dadpahlavi.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dadpahlavi.png/45px-Dadpahlavi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dadpahlavi.png/60px-Dadpahlavi.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="194" /></a></span>) «gjeven»,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/Gammalpersisk" title="Gammalpersisk">gammalpersisk</a> kan det første elementet sporast attende til <i>boghu</i> og er nært knytt til det slaviske <i>bog</i> som tyder «gud», medan det andre kan sporast attende til <i>dadāti</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strange_pg_10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strange_pg_10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namnet på byen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baghdati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baghdati (sida finst ikkje)">Baghdati</a> i <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> har same namnesoge.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eit par forskarar har føreslått eit eldre opphav for namnet, og særskild namnet <i>Bagdadu</i> eller <i>Hudadu</i> som finst i gammal babylonsk, og det babylonsk-talmudiske namnet på ein stad kalla «Baghdatha».<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somme forskarar har føreslått eit arameisk opphav.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Då abbasidekalifen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mansur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mansur (sida finst ikkje)">al-Mansur</a> skipa ein heilt ny by for hovudstaden sin, valde han namnet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_runde_byen_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den runde byen Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Madinat al-Salaam</a> eller <i>Fredsbyen</i>. Dette var det offisielle namnet på myntar, og i anna offisiell bruk, men på folkemunne heldt ein fram å bruke det gamle namnet.<sup id="cite_ref-ما_معنى_اسم_مدينة_بغداد_ومن_سماه_؟_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ما_معنى_اسم_مدينة_بغداد_ومن_سماه_؟-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Egabat.google.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egabat.google.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På 1000-talet vart nesten berre «Bagdad» brukt som namn på den verdskjende metropolen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skiping">Skiping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Skiping" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Skiping"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:PARSONS(1808)_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg/220px-PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg/330px-PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg/440px-PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption>Bagdad frå ei trykksamling i Travels in Asia and Africa, etc. (av J. P. Berjew, British Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>Etterr fallet til <a href="/wiki/Omajadekalifatet" title="Omajadekalifatet">omajadane</a>, det første muslimske dynastiet, ønskte dei sigrande <a href="/wiki/Abbasidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasidane">abbasidane</a> sin eigen hovudstad dei kunne regjere frå. Dei valde ein stad nord for <a href="/wiki/Sassanidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanidane">sassanide</a>-hovudstaden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktesifon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ktesifon (sida finst ikkje)">Ktesifon</a> (og like nord for der oldtidsbyen <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> hadde lege), og den 30. juli 762<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tinga <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">kalifen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mansur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mansur (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Mansur</a> byggjinga av byen. Han vart bygd under leiing av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barmakidane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barmakidane (sida finst ikkje)">barmakidane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mansur meinte at Bagdad var ein perfekt by som hovudstad for det islamske riket til abbasidane. Mansur likte staden så godt at han skal ha sagt: «Dette er verkeleg byen som eg grunnla, der eg skal bu, og der mine etterkomarar skal regjere».<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den flotte plasseringa gjorde at byen voks raskt. Han hadde kontroll over dei strategiske vegar og handelsruter langs <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, og var rik på vatn i eit elles tørt klima. Det var vatn på både nord- og sørsida av byen, slik at alle hushald hadde god vassforsyning, noko som var særs uvanleg på denne tida. </p><p>Bagdad voks forbi Ktesifon, hovudstaden til sassanidane, som låg 30 km lenger søraust. I dag er alle restane av Ktesifon ein del av <a href="/wiki/Salman_Pak" title="Salman Pak">Salman Pak</a>, like sør for Stor-Bagdad. Ktesifon hadde igjen erstatta og absorbert <a href="/wiki/Selevkia" class="mw-redirect" title="Selevkia">Selevkia</a>, den første hovudstaden til <a href="/wiki/Selevkideriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Selevkideriket">Selevkideriket</a>, som tidlegare hadde erstatta byen <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>. </p><p>I tidlege år var byen kjend som ei tilsikta påminning om eit uttrykk i <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a> då han refererer til <a href="/wiki/Paradis" title="Paradis">Paradis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det tok fire år å byggje byen (764–768). Mansur henta inn ingeniørar, landmålarar og kunstarbeiarar frå heile verda og teikna planar for byen. Over 100 000 anleggsarbeidarar kom for å setje planane i verk.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juli vart vald som oppstartstidspunkt fordi to <a href="/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi">astrologar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naubakht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naubakht (sida finst ikkje)">Naubakht Ahvazi</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashallah_ibn_Athari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashallah ibn Athari (sida finst ikkje)">Mashallah</a>, meinte at byen burde byggjast under teiknet til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_mesopotamske_l%C3%B8va&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den mesopotamske løva (sida finst ikkje)">løva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Løva er knytt til eld og symboliserer produktivitet, stoltheit og utviding. </p><p>Mursteinane som vart brukte i byen var 45 cm lange alle fire sider. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hanifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Hanifa (sida finst ikkje)">Abu Hanifah</a> var teljar av mursteinane og han utvikla ein kanal som førte vatn til arbeidsstaden for både drikkevatn og for å lage mursteinane. Marmor vart òg nytta som byggmateriale over heile byen, og marmortrapper førte ned til elvebreidda. </p><p>Rammeverket for byen består av to store halvsirklar som er kring 19 km i diameter. Byen vart designa som ein sirkel med ein diameter på kring 2 km, som førte til at han vart kjend som «den runde byen». Den opphavlege utforminga syner ein enkelt ring med bustader og handelsbygg langs innsida av bymurane, men den endelege konstruksjonen hadde enno ein ring innafor den første.<sup id="cite_ref-ox_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ox-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Innafor byen var det mange parkar, hagar, villaer og promenadar.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I sentrum av byen låg <a href="/wiki/Mosk%C3%A9" title="Moské">moskéen</a>, i tillegg til hovudkvarteret til vaktene. Kva som var føremålet med resten av arealet i sentrum er ikkje kjend. Den sirkelforma byen var ein direkte etterkomar av den tradisjonelle, persiske sasanidiske byplanlegginga. Sasanidebyen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Firuzabad_i_Fars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firuzabad i Fars (sida finst ikkje)">Gur</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fars-provinsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fars-provinsen (sida finst ikkje)">Fars</a>, bygt 500 år før Bagdad, er nesten identisk i den generelle sirkelforma si, med avenuar som stråler utover og statlege bygg og tempel i midten av byen. Denne urbane stilen stod i kontrast til den greske og romerske byplanlegginga i oldtida, der byane vart utforma som firkantar med gater som kryssa kvarandre i rette vinklar. </p> <div class="thumb" style="width:100%;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto; overflow-y:hidden; overflow-x:scroll;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:The_historical_city_of_Babylon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_historical_city_of_Babylon.jpg/960px-The_historical_city_of_Babylon.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_historical_city_of_Babylon.jpg/1350px-The_historical_city_of_Babylon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_historical_city_of_Babylon.jpg/1800px-The_historical_city_of_Babylon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size:smaller;">Oldtidsbyen <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, 85 km sør for Bagdad.</div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bymurane">Bymurane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Bymurane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bymurane"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dei fire bymurane kring Bagdad vart kalla <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stor-Khorasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stor-Khorasan (sida finst ikkje)">Khurasan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> fordi portane deira peikte i retninga til desse stadane. Avstanden mellom portane vart litt mindre enn 2,5 km. Kvar port hadde doble dører som var laga av jarn. Dørene var så tunge at det måtte fleire menn til for å opne dei. Sjølve muren var 44 meter tjukk ved botnen og kring 12 meter tjukk på toppen. Muren var òg 30 meter høg, inkludert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murtind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murtind (sida finst ikkje)">murtindar</a>, ein solid del av ein befesta brystvern som vanlegvis var gjennomstukken av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skytesk%C3%A5r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skyteskår (sida finst ikkje)">skyteskår</a>. Denne muren var omringa av ein annan mur som var kring 50 meter tjukk. Den andre muren hadde tårn og avrunda murtindar, som låg kring tårna. Denne ytre muren vart verna av ein solid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanseskr%C3%A5ning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skanseskråning (sida finst ikkje)">skanseskråning</a>, som var laga av mursteinar og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brent_kalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brent kalk (sida finst ikkje)">brent kalk</a>. Utanom den ytre muren var ei vassfylt vollgrav. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Den_gylne_port-palasset">Den gylne port-palasset</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Den gylne port-palasset" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den gylne port-palasset"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den gylne port-palasset var bustaden til kalifen og familien hans og låg midt i Bagdad, på det sentrale torget. I den sentrale delen av bygningen var det ein 39 meter høg, grøn dom. Kring palasset var ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplanade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esplanade (sida finst ikkje)">esplanade</a>, ein bygning over vatnet, der berre kalifen kunne kome ridande til hest. I tillegg låg palasset nær andre herskapsbygg og bustadane til offiserane. Nær Syriaporten var det ein bygning om vaktene budde i. Han var laga av murstein og marmor. Palassguvernøren budde i den bakerste delen av denne bygningen og vaktkommandøren i den fremre. I 813, etter kalifen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Amin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Amin (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Amin</a> døydde, vart ikkje palasset lenger nytta som heimstaden til kalifen og familien hans.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dei runde formene peiker på at dei var baserte på <a href="/wiki/Arabisk_skrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabisk skrift">arabisk skrift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dei to byplanleggjarane som vart hyra av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mansur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mansur (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Mansur</a> for å planleggje utforminga av byen, var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naubakht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naubakht (sida finst ikkje)">Naubakht</a>, ein <a href="/wiki/Zarathustra" title="Zarathustra">Zarathustra</a>-tilbedar som avgjorde at grunnleggingsdatoen til byen måtte vere på ein astrologisk viktig dag, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashallah_ibn_Athari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashallah ibn Athari (sida finst ikkje)">Mashallah</a>, ein jøde frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khorasan-provinsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khorasan-provinsen (sida finst ikkje)">Khorasan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ref2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png/220px-Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png/330px-Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png/440px-Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png 2x" data-file-width="1805" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_runde_byen_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den runde byen Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Den runde byen Bagdad</a> mellom år 767 og 912.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lærdomssenter_(700-_til_1200-talet)"><span id="L.C3.A6rdomssenter_.28700-_til_1200-talet.29"></span>Lærdomssenter (700- til 1200-talet)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Lærdomssenter (700- til 1200-talet)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Lærdomssenter (700- til 1200-talet)"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Innan ein generasjon etter Bagdad vart skipa, vart han eit senter for lærdom og handel. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visdomshuset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visdomshuset (sida finst ikkje)">Visdomshuset</a> var ein institusjon for omsetjing av <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">greske</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mellompersisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mellompersisk (sida finst ikkje)">mellompersiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gammalsyrisk" title="Gammalsyrisk">gammalsyriske</a> verk. Lærde kom til Bagdad frå heile riket til <a href="/wiki/Abbasidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasidane">abbasidane</a> og introduserte persisk, gresk og indisk vitskap til den arabiske og islamske verda på den tida. Bagdad var truleg den største byen i verda frå kort etter han vart skipa og fram til 930-åra, då <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-disambig" title="Córdoba">Córdoba</a> var blitt like stor.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fleire estimat tyder på at byen hadde over ein million innbyggjarar på det meste.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mange av sogene i <i><a href="/wiki/Tusen_og_ei_natt" title="Tusen og ei natt">Tusen og ei natt</a></i> er sett til Bagdad på denne tida. </p><p>Bagdad var mellom anna på denne tida kjend for dei eksepsjonelle biblioteka. Mange av abbaside-kalifane verna om lærdom og likte å samle litteratur frå både oldtida og samtida. Sjølv om somme av fyrstane frå det tidlegare Omajade-dynastiet hadde byrja å samle inn og omsetje gresk vitskapslitteratur, var abbasidane dei første som pleia gresk lærdom på stor skala. Mange av desse biblioteka var private samlingar som berre var meint for eigarane og venene deira, men biblioteka til kalifen og andre embetsmenn vart etter kort tid offentlege eller delvis offentlege.<sup id="cite_ref-mackensen_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackensen-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fire store bibliotek vart skipa i Bagdad på denne tida. Det første vart skipa av den kjende Al Mamun, som var kalif frå 813 til 833. Eit anna vart skipa av Sabur Ibn Ardashir i 991 eller 993 for lærde menn som vitja akademiet hans.<sup id="cite_ref-mackensen_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackensen-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uheldigvis vart dette andre biblioteket plyndra og brend av <a href="/wiki/Seldsjukkane" class="mw-redirect" title="Seldsjukkane">seldsjukkane</a> berre 70 år etter det vart skipa. Dette var eit godt døme på ein type bibliotek som vrt bygd opp etter behova og interessene til det litterære samfunnet.<sup id="cite_ref-mackensen_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackensen-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dei siste to biblioteka var <i>madrasa</i> eller teologiske biblioteket. Nizamiyah vart skipa av persaren Nizam al Mulk, som var <a href="/wiki/Vesir" title="Vesir">vesir</a> for to tidlege seldsjukk-sultanar.<sup id="cite_ref-mackensen_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackensen-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det var i drift sjølv etter den mongolske invasjonen i 1258. Mustansiriyah <i>madrasa</i>, som var eit særs rikt bibliotek, vart skipa av Al Mustansir, den nest siste abbasidekalifen, som døydde i 1242.<sup id="cite_ref-mackensen_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackensen-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette vart det siste store biblioteket bygt av kalifane i Bagdad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slutten_for_abbasidane_i_Bagdad">Slutten for abbasidane i Bagdad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Slutten for abbasidane i Bagdad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Slutten for abbasidane i Bagdad"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:AlKhulafa_Mosque_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/AlKhulafa_Mosque_Iraq.jpg/250px-AlKhulafa_Mosque_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/AlKhulafa_Mosque_Iraq.jpg/330px-AlKhulafa_Mosque_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/AlKhulafa_Mosque_Iraq.jpg/500px-AlKhulafa_Mosque_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Den historiske abbasidemoskeen Al Khulafa i Bagdad.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg/170px-Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg/255px-Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg/340px-Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2852" data-file-height="3833" /></a><figcaption>Zumurrud Khaton-grava i Bagdad (bygt i 1202), foto frå 1932.</figcaption></figure> <p>På 900-talet var innbyggjartalet i byen mellom 1,2 millionar<sup id="cite_ref-Modelski_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modelski-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og 2 millionar.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den raske veksten til Bagdad i dei tidlege åra sakka etter kvart av då det vart problem i <a href="/wiki/Kalifat" title="Kalifat">kalifatet</a>, og hovudstaden vart mellom anna flytta til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_Samarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbasid Samarra (sida finst ikkje)">Samarra</a> (i 808–819 og 836–892), dei vestlegaste og austlegaste provinsane gjekk tapt og det var periodar med politisk dominans frå dei <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">iranske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buwayhidane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buwayhidane (sida finst ikkje)">buwayhidane</a> (945–1055) og <a href="/wiki/Seldsjukkane" class="mw-redirect" title="Seldsjukkane">seldsjukkane</a> (1055–1135). </p><p>Seldsjukkane var ein klan av <a href="/wiki/Oghuz-tyrkarar" title="Oghuz-tyrkarar">Oghuz-tyrkarar</a> frå Sentral-Asia som konverterte til <a href="/wiki/Sunniislam" title="Sunniislam">sunniislam</a>. I 1040 øydela dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghaznavidane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghaznavidane (sida finst ikkje)">ghaznavidane</a>, og tok over landområdet deira i 1055. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tughril_Beg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tughril Beg (sida finst ikkje)">Tughril Beg</a>, leiaren til seldsjukkane, tok overr Bagdad. Seldsjukkane dreiv ut det sjiamuslimske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyid-dynastiet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyid-dynastiet (sida finst ikkje)">Buyid-dynastiet</a> som regjerte på den tida og tok over makta og kontrollen i Bagdad. Dei regjerte som <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultanar</a> i namnet til abbasidekalifane (dei rekna seg sjølv som ein del av abbasideregimet). Tughril Beg rekna seg sjølv som vernar av abbasidekalifane.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Krigar som Bagdad var involverte i er oppført under: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringsetjinga_av_Bagdad_(812%E2%80%93813)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringsetjinga av Bagdad (812–813) (sida finst ikkje)">kringsetjinga av Bagdad (812–813)</a>, fjerde Fitna (islamsk borgarkrig)</li> <li>kringsetjinga av Bagdad (865), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_kalifiske_borgarkrigen_(865%E2%80%93866)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den kalifiske borgarkrigen (865–866) (sida finst ikkje)">den kalifiske borgarkrigen (865–866)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Bagdad_(946)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Bagdad (946) (sida finst ikkje)">slaget ved Bagdad (946)</a>, Buyid–Hamdanid-krigen</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringsetjinga_av_Bagdad_(1157)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1157) (sida finst ikkje)">kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1157)</a>, abbaside-seldsjukk-krigane</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringsetjinga_av_Bagdad_(1258)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1258) (sida finst ikkje)">kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1258)</a>, den mongolske erobringa av Bagdad</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringsetjinga_av_Bagdad_(1401)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1401) (sida finst ikkje)">kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1401)</a>, av <a href="/wiki/Timur_Lenk" title="Timur Lenk">Timur Lenk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erobringa_av_Bagdad_(1534)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erobringa av Bagdad (1534) (sida finst ikkje)">erobringa av Bagdad (1534)</a>, dei osmansk-safavidiske krigane</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erobringa_av_Bagdad_(1623)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erobringa av Bagdad (1623) (sida finst ikkje)">erobringa av Bagdad (1623)</a>, dei osmansk-safavidiske krigane</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringsetjinga_av_Bagdad_(1625)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1625) (sida finst ikkje)">kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1625)</a>, dei osmansk-safavidiske krigane</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erobringa_av_Bagdad_(1638)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erobringa av Bagdad (1638) (sida finst ikkje)">erobringa av Bagdad (1638)</a>, dei osmansk-safavidiske krigane</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fallet_til_Bagdad_(1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fallet til Bagdad (1917) (sida finst ikkje)">fallet til Bagdad (1917)</a>, fyrste verdskrigen</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_irakisk_statskuppet_i_1941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det irakisk statskuppet i 1941 (sida finst ikkje)">det irakisk statskuppet i 1941</a>, andre verdskrigen</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Bagdad_(2003)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Bagdad (2003) (sida finst ikkje)">slaget ved Bagdad (2003)</a>, den amerikanske invasjonen av Irak</li></ul> <p>I 1058 vart Bagdad erobra av <a href="/wiki/Fatimidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimidane">fatimidane</a> under den tyrkiske generalen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-%E1%B8%A4%C4%81rith_Arsl%C4%81n_al-Basasiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu'l-Ḥārith Arslān al-Basasiri (sida finst ikkje)">Abu'l-Ḥārith Arslān al-Basasiri</a>, som var tilslutta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismailiane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismailiane (sida finst ikkje)">ismailiane</a> i lag med 'Uqaylid Quraysh.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ikkje lenge før saldsjukkane kom til Bagdad, bad al-Basasiri om støtte hos fatimidane og imam-kalifen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mustansir_Billah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mustansir Billah (sida finst ikkje)">al-Mustansir</a> for å erobre Bagdad på vegner av den ismailske imamen. Det har i nyare tid vorte kjend at den kjende fatimide-<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da'i (sida finst ikkje)">da'i</a>-en</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mu%27ayyad_al-Shirazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mu'ayyad al-Shirazi (sida finst ikkje)">al-Mu'ayyad al-Shirazi</a>, hadde ei direkte rolle i støtta til al-Basasiri og hjelpte generalen med å ta <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mawṣil</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasit_i_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasit i Irak (sida finst ikkje)">Wāsit</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>. Kort tid eter,<sup id="cite_ref-Daftary,_Farhad_1990_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daftary,_Farhad_1990-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i desember 1058, vart ein sjia-<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adh%C4%81n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adhān (sida finst ikkje)">adhān</a></i> (ein bønekallar) sett inn i Bagdad og ein <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khutbah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khutbah (sida finst ikkje)">khutbah</a></i> (preike) vart levert i namnet til imam-kalifen frå fatimidane.<sup id="cite_ref-Daftary,_Farhad_1990_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daftary,_Farhad_1990-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trass i sjia-hellinga fekk Al-Basasiri støtte frå både sunniar og sjiaer, som stod saman mot makta til seldsjukkane.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad.jpg/220px-DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad.jpg/330px-DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad.jpg/440px-DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4429" data-file-height="2786" /></a><figcaption>Mongolane erobrar Bagdad i 1258. </figcaption></figure> <p>Den 10. februar 1258 vart Bagdad erobra av <a href="/wiki/Mongolane" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolane">mongolane</a> leia av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulegu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hulegu (sida finst ikkje)">Hulegu</a>, eit barnebarn av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Djengis-khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djengis-khan (sida finst ikkje)">Djengis-khan</a>, under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringsetjinga_av_Bagdad_(1258)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringsetjinga av Bagdad (1258) (sida finst ikkje)">kringsetjinga av Bagdad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mange kvarter brende ned, vart plynda eller kringsette. Mongolane massakrerte dei fleste av innbyggjarane i byen, inkludert kalifen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Musta%27sim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Musta'sim (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Musta'sim</a>, og øydela store delar av byen. <a href="/wiki/Kanal" title="Kanal">Kanalane</a> og <a href="/wiki/Dike" title="Dike">dikane</a> som utgjorde vatningssystemet til byen vart òg øydelagde. På denne tida vart både kristne og sjiaer tolererte i Bagdad, medan sunniar vart rekna som fiendar.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plyndringa av Bagdad var slutten for abbasidane, eit slag som den islamske sivilisasjonen aldri heilt kom seg frå. </p><p>På denne tida vart Bagdad styrt av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilkhanatet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilkhanatet (sida finst ikkje)">Ilkhanatet</a>, ein utbrytarstat av Mongolriket, som regjerte frå Iran. I 1401 vart Bagdad igjen plyndra av den sentralasiatiske tyrkaren <a href="/wiki/Timur_Lenk" title="Timur Lenk">Timur Lenk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Då styrkane hans tok Bagdad, sparte han nesten ingen, og gav ordre om at kvar av soldatane hans skulle bringe han to avkappa hovud.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagdad vart ein provinshovudstad kontrollert av den mongolske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalayirid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalayirid (sida finst ikkje)">Jalayirid</a> (1400–1411), tyrkaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kara_Koyunlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kara Koyunlu (sida finst ikkje)">Kara Koyunlu</a> (1411–1469), tyrkaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ak_Koyunlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ak Koyunlu (sida finst ikkje)">Ak Koyunlu</a> (1469–1508), og dynastia til dei persiske <a href="/wiki/Safavidane" title="Safavidane">safavidane</a> (1508–1534). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Den_osmanske_tida_(1500-_til_1800-talet)"><span id="Den_osmanske_tida_.281500-_til_1800-talet.29"></span>Den osmanske tida (1500- til 1800-talet)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Den osmanske tida (1500- til 1800-talet)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den osmanske tida (1500- til 1800-talet)"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg/220px-Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg/330px-Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg/440px-Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>Souk i Bagdad i 1876.</figcaption></figure> <p>I 1534 vart Bagdad erobra av <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" title="Det osmanske riket">osmanske tyrkarar</a>. Under <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" title="Det osmanske riket">osmanarane</a> heldt Bagdad fram nedgangstida, dels på grunn av fiendskap mellom herskarane her og dei iranske safavidane, som ikkje aksepterte at sunniar hadde kontroll over byen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_osmansk-safavidiske_krigen_(1623%E2%80%931639)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den osmansk-safavidiske krigen (1623–1639) (sida finst ikkje)">Mellom 1623 og 1638</a> var byen under iransk styre før han kom attende til osmanarane. </p><p>Bagdad har fleire gonger lide under epidemiar av <a href="/wiki/Pest" title="Pest">pest</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera">kolera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og stundom har to tredjedelar av innbyggjarane blitt utsletta.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I ei tid var Bagdad den største byen i Midtausten. Byen fekk eit lite oppsving i slutten av 1700-talet under eit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukkdynastiet_i_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamelukkdynastiet i Irak (sida finst ikkje)">mamelukkstyre</a>. Direkte osmansk styre vart sett inn att av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_R%C4%B1za_Pasha_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Rıza Pasha i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Ali Rıza Pasha</a> i 1831. Frå 1851 til 1852 og frå 1861 til 1867 vart Bagdad styrt, under Det osmanske riket av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmed_Nam%C4%B1k_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmed Namık Pasha (sida finst ikkje)">Mehmed Namık Pasha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuttall_Encyclopedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuttall Encyclopedia (sida finst ikkje)">Nuttall Encyclopedia</a> rapporterte i 1907 at folketalet i Bagdad var 185 000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900-_og_2000-talet">1900- og 2000-talet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: 1900- og 2000-talet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen 1900- og 2000-talet"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg/220px-Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg/330px-Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Shabandar Café i Bagdad i 1923.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bagdad og sørlege Irak var under osmansk styre til 1917, då området vart erobra av britiske styrkar under fyrste verdskrigen. In 1920 vart Bagdad hovudstad i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_britiske_mandatet_for_Mesopotamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det britiske mandatet for Mesopotamia (sida finst ikkje)">det britiske mandatet for Mesopotamia</a> og etter det fekk sjølvstende i 1932, vart det hovudstad i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konged%C3%B8met_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongedømet Irak (sida finst ikkje)">Kongedømet Irak</a>. Folketalet i byen voks frå kring 145 000 i 1900 til 580 000 i 1950. Under mandatet og utgjorde det jødiske samfunnet kring ein fjerdedel av folketalet i byen.<sup id="cite_ref-GhareebDougherty2004_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GhareebDougherty2004-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1. april 1941 utførte medlemmar av «Det gyldne kvadratet» og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashid_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashid Ali (sida finst ikkje)">Rashid Ali</a> eit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_irakiske_statskuppet_i_1941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det irakiske statskuppet i 1941 (sida finst ikkje)">eit statskupp i Bagdad</a>. Rashid Ali sette inn ei pro-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazi_Tyskland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazi Tyskland (sida finst ikkje)">tysk</a> og pro-<a href="/wiki/Konged%C3%B8met_Italia" title="Kongedømet Italia">italiensk</a> regjering som erstatta den pro-britiske regjeringa til regenten <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Abd_al-Ilah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Abd al-Ilah (sida finst ikkje)">Abdul Ilah</a>. Den 31. mai, etter den påfølgjande <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_engelsk-irakiske_krigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den engelsk-irakiske krigen (sida finst ikkje)">engelsk-irakiske krigen</a> og etter Rashid Ali og regjeringa hans flykta, overgav borgarmeisteren i Bagddad byen til styrkanee til britane og samveldet. </p><p>Den 14. juli 1958 utførte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_irakiske_h%C3%A6ren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den irakiske hæren (sida finst ikkje)">den irakiske hæren</a> under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Karim_Qasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Karim Qasim (sida finst ikkje)">Abd al-Karim Qasim</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=14._juli-revolusjonen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14. juli-revolusjonen (sida finst ikkje)">eit statskupp for å styrte Kongedømet Irak</a>. Kong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisal_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisal II (sida finst ikkje)">Faisal II</a>, tidlegare statsminister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuri_as-Said&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuri as-Said (sida finst ikkje)">Nuri as-Said</a>, tidlegare prins <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Abd_al-Ilah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Abd al-Ilah (sida finst ikkje)">'Abd al-Ilah</a>, medlemmar av kongefamilien og andre vart brutalt drepne i kuppet. Mange av offera vart dregne gjennom gatene i Bagdad. </p><p>I 1970-åra opplevde Bagdad ei velstandstid og vekst på grunn av ein skarp auke i oljeprise, som var hovudeksportvaren til Irak. Ny infrastruktur, inkludert moderne kloakkanlegg, vatn og motorvegar vart bygde på denne tida. Byplanane for byen (1967, 1973) vart leverte til det polske planleggingsselskapet Miastoprojekt-Kraków, via Polservice.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_iransk-irakiske_krigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den iransk-irakiske krigen (sida finst ikkje)">Den iransk-irakiske krigen</a> i 1980-åra vart ei vanskeleg tid for byen, sidan pengar vart avleid av <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> til hæren og tusenvis av innbyggjarar i byen vart drepne. Iran sendte ei rekkje missilåtak mot Bagdad som hemn for at Saddam Hussein stadig bomba bustadomåde i <a href="/wiki/Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>. </p><p>I 1991 og 2003 førte <a href="/wiki/Golfkrigen" title="Golfkrigen">Golfkrigen</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasjonen_av_Irak_i_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasjonen av Irak i 2003 (sida finst ikkje)">invasjonen av Irak i 2003</a> til store øydeleggingar på infrastrukturen i Bagdad då USA-leia koalisjonsstyrkar utførte mange luftåtak på byen i dei to krigane. I 2003 skapte òg eit mindre opprør i byen til uro i folkesetnaden. </p><p>Det historiske «Assyriske kvarteret» i byen, Dora, hadde eit folketal på kring 150 000 assyrarar i 2003 og utgjorde over 3 % av den assyriske folkesetnaden i byen. Samfunnet har vore utsett for kidnappingar, dødstrugslar, vandalisme og husbrenning av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alqaida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alqaida (sida finst ikkje)">Alqaida</a> og andre opprørsgrupper. Mot slutten av 2014 var det berre 1 500 assyrarar att i Dora.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hovudattraksjonar">Hovudattraksjonar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Hovudattraksjonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hovudattraksjonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turistmål i Bagdad er mellom andre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasjonalmuseet_i_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasjonalmuseet i Irak (sida finst ikkje)">Nasjonalmuseet i Irak</a>, som mista prislause samlingar under invasjonen i 2003, og dei ikoniske bogane kalla Sigershendene. Tusenvis av eldgamle manuskript i Nasjonalbiblioteket vart øydelagde under regjeringstida til Saddam Hussein. </p><p>Mutanabbigata ligg nær gamlebyen i Bagdad. Det er det historiske senteret for bokhandlarar i Bagdad.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes2008_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes2008-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dyrepark" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyrepark">Dyreparken</a> i Bagdad brukte å vere den største i <a href="/wiki/Midtausten" title="Midtausten">Midtausten</a>. Åtte dagar etter invasjonen i 2003 starta, hadde berre 35 av 650 dyr overlevd. Mange av dyra vart drepne for å etast.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_radio_4,_zoo_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_radio_4,_zoo-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Kadhimiyyah-moskeen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Kadhimiyyah-moskeen (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Kadhimiyyah-moskeen</a> er ein heilagdom i forstaden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadhimiyyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadhimiyyah (sida finst ikkje)">Kadhimiyyah</a>. Her er den sjuande og niande <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolvar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolvar (sida finst ikkje)">Tolvar</a>-imamane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_al-Kadhim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa al-Kadhim (sida finst ikkje)">Musa al-Kadhim</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_at-Taqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (sida finst ikkje)">Muhammad at-Taqi</a> gravlagde.<sup id="cite_ref-KazemOmmolKitab_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KazemOmmolKitab-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dome_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dome-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Al-Jawadain2009_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Jawadain2009-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ein annan moské for sjiaene er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-A%E2%80%98%E1%BA%93amiyyah-moskeen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-A‘ẓamiyyah-moskeen (sida finst ikkje)">Al-A‘ẓamiyyah-moskeen</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=A%27dhamiyyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A'dhamiyyah (sida finst ikkje)">A'dhamiyyah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Aadhamy_-_s.29_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Aadhamy_-_s.29-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Endre bolk: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Geografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Baghdad,_Iraq.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG/220px-Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG/330px-Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG/440px-Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>Satellittbilete av Bagdad.</figcaption></figure> <p>Byen ligg på ei stor slette som <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> renn over. Tigris deler Bagdad i to, der den austlege halvdelen vert kalla «<a href="/wiki/Al-Rusafa_i_Irak" title="Al-Rusafa i Irak">Risafa</a>» og den vestlege halvdelen «<a href="/wiki/Karkh" title="Karkh">Karkh</a>». Landområdet som byen ligg på er nesten heilt flatt og lågtliggjande, skapt av mange elveflaumar som over tid har lagt frå seg avleiringar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Endre bolk: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klima"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagdad har eit subtropisk <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rkenklima" title="Ørkenklima">ørkenklima</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_si_klimaklassifisering" title="Köppen si klimaklassifisering">Köppen si klimaklassifisering</a>: <i>BWh</i>) og er ein av dei varmaste byane i verda. Om sommaren frå juni til august er den gjennomsnittlege maksimumstemperaturen 44 °C med steikande sol. Ein har berre registrert regn på denne tida nokre få gonger og aldri meir enn 1–2 mm. Sjølv på natta går temperaturen sjeldan under 24 °C. Den høgaste temperaturen som er målt i Bagdad er 51 °C, frå juli 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luftfukta er som regel særs låg (under 10 %) fordi Bagdad ligg eit stykke unna det myrlendte, sørlege Irak og kysten av <a href="/wiki/Persiabukta" title="Persiabukta">Persiabukta</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Sandstorm" title="Sandstorm">sandstormar</a> frå ørkenane i vest er vanlege om sommaren. </p><p>Vintrane er milde med kjølige netter. Frå desember til februar har Bagdad ein maksimumstemperatur på 15,5 til 18,5 °C. Om morgonen kan det vere kjøleg og i januar er minimumstemperaturen 3,8 °C, men det kan oppstå frost nokre gonger i året.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Årsnedbøren, der nesten all nedbør kjem frå november til mars, er kring 150 mm, men har variert frå 338 mm på det meste til berre 37 mm det tørraste året.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den 11. januar 2008 fall det lett snø over Bagdad for første gong i manns minne.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:60%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Vêrdata for Bagdad </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">Mai </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Okt </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Des </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">År </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Høgast målte °C </th> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;">24,8 </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;">27,1 </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;">30,9 </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;">38,6 </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;">43,5 </td> <td style="background: #9A0000; color:#FFFFFF;">48,8 </td> <td style="background: #7A0000; color:#FFFFFF;">51,1 </td> <td style="background: #8B0000; color:#FFFFFF;">49,9 </td> <td style="background: #A90000; color:#FFFFFF;">47,7 </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;">40,2 </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;">35,6 </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;">25,3 </td> <td style="background: #7A0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">51,1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gjennomsnittleg maks °C </th> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;">15,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;">18,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;">23,6 </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;">29,9 </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;">36,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;">41,3 </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;">44 </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;">43,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;">40,2 </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;">33,4 </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;">23,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;">17,2 </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">30,6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Døgnmiddeltemperatur °C </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;">9,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;">12 </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;">16,6 </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;">22,6 </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;">28,3 </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;">32,3 </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;">34,8 </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;">34 </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;">30,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;">24,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;">16,5 </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;">11,2 </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">22,8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gjennomsnittleg min °C </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;">3,8 </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;">5,5 </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;">9,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;">15,2 </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;">20,1 </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;">23,3 </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;">25,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;">24,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;">20,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;">15,9 </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;">9,2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;">5,1 </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">14,9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Lågast målte °C </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;">−11 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;">−10 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;">−5,5 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;">−0,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;">8,3 </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;">14,6 </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;">22,4 </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;">20,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;">15,3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;">6,2 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;">−1,5 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;">−8,7 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">−11 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gjennomsnittleg <a href="/wiki/Nedb%C3%B8r" title="Nedbør">nedbør</a> mm </th> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;">27,2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;">19,1 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;">22 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;">15,6 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;">3,2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;">3,3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;">12,4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">20 </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">122,8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gns. <a href="/wiki/Luftfukt" class="mw-redirect" title="Luftfukt">luftfukt</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;">71 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;">61 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;">53 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">43 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;">30 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;">21 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;">22 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;">22 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;">26 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;">34 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;">54 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;">71 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">42 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gns. <a href="/wiki/Solskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Solskin">solskinstimar</a> i månaden </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;">192,2 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;">203,3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;">244,9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;">255 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;">300,7 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2C; color:#000000;">348 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;">347,2 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;">353,4 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;">315 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;">272,8 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;">213 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;">195,3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">3 240,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:88%;">Kjelde: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations">UN</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrativ_inndeling">Administrativ inndeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Endre bolk: Administrativ inndeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Administrativ inndeling"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:BagdhadFromTheISS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/BagdhadFromTheISS.jpg/250px-BagdhadFromTheISS.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/BagdhadFromTheISS.jpg/500px-BagdhadFromTheISS.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Bagdad sett frå <a href="/wiki/Den_internasjonale_romstasjonen" title="Den internasjonale romstasjonen">Den internasjonale romstasjonen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Administrativt er Bagdad guvernement delt inn i distrikt som igjen er delt inn i <a href="/wiki/Nahiyah" title="Nahiyah">underdistrikt</a>. Guvernementet er delt inn i ni kommunar, som har lokalt ansvar. </p><p>Dei ni distrkta:<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhamiyah" title="Adhamiyah">Adhamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkh" title="Karkh">Karkh</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Karrada">Karrada</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadhimiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadhimiya">Kadhimiya</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansour-distriktet" title="Mansour-distriktet">Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_by" title="Sadr by">Sadr by</a> (Thawra)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Rashid_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Rashid i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Al Rashid</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rusafa_i_Irak" title="Al-Rusafa i Irak">Rusafa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ny-Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ny-Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Ny-Bagdad</a> (Tisaa Nissan) (9. april)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Dei ni distrikta er delt inn i 89 mindre bydelar. Eit utval av desse er oppførte under: </p> <ul><li>Al-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazaliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghazaliya (sida finst ikkje)">Ghazaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-A%27amiriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-A'amiriya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-A'amiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dora_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dora i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Karrada">Karrada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jadriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jadriya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Jadriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hebnaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hebnaa (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Hebnaa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zayouna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zayouna (sida finst ikkje)">Zayouna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Saydiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Saydiya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Saydiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sa%27adoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sa'adoon (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Sa'adoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Shu%27ala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Shu'ala (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Shu'ala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mahmudiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mahmudiyah (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Mahmudiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_Al-Moatham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab Al-Moatham (sida finst ikkje)">Bab Al-Moatham</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiyaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiyaa (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Baya'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Za%27franiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Za'franiya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Za'franiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Ur (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha%27ab_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha'ab i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamia (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Al-Jami'a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Adel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Adel (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Adel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Khadhraa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Khadhraa (sida finst ikkje)">Al Khadhraa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Al-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Al-Jihad (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Al-A%27amel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Al-A'amel (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Al-A'amel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Aoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Aoor (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Aoor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hurriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hurriya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Hurriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Al-Shurtta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Al-Shurtta (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Al-Shurtta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarmouk_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarmouk i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesr_Diyala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesr Diyala (sida finst ikkje)">Jesr Diyala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Disher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Disher (sida finst ikkje)">Abu Disher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raghiba_Khatoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raghiba Khatoun (sida finst ikkje)">Raghiba Khatoun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Jibor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Jibor (sida finst ikkje)">Arab Jibor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Fathel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Fathel (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Fathel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ubedy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ubedy (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Ubedy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Washash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Washash (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Washash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Wazireya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Wazireya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Wazireya</a></li></ul><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Endre bolk: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Demografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagdad hadde eit estimert folketal på 7,22 millionar innbyggjarar i 2015. Byen har historisk sett hatt ein sunnimuslimsk majoritet. Kring 2000 utgjorde 82 % av folketalet sjiamuslimar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Økonomi"><span id=".C3.98konomi"></span>Økonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Endre bolk: Økonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Økonomi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagdad står for 22,2 % av folketalet i Irak og 40 % av <a href="/wiki/Bruttonasjonalprodukt" title="Bruttonasjonalprodukt">bruttonasjonalproduktet</a> i landet. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Airways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraqi Airways (sida finst ikkje)">Iraqi Airways</a>, det nasjonale flyselskapet i Irak, har hovudkvarteret sitt nær <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad_internasjonale_flyplass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagdad internasjonale flyplass (sida finst ikkje)">Bagdad internasjonale flyplass</a> i Bagdad.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Naser_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Naser Airlines (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Naser Airlines</a> har hovudkvarter i <a href="/wiki/Karrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Karrada">Karrada</a> i Bagdad.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venskapsbyar">Venskapsbyar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Endre bolk: Venskapsbyar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Venskapsbyar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon"><img alt="Flagget til Libanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> i Libanon<sup id="cite_ref-twins_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" class="extiw" title="en:Baghdad">Baghdad</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, den 23. februar 2020.</i></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Petersen, Andrew (13. september 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamic-arts.org/2011/baghdad-madinat-al-salam/">«Bagdad (Madinat al-Salam)»</a>. Islamic Arts & Architecture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.btitle=Bagdad+%28Madinat+al-Salam%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Islamic+Arts+%26+Architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislamic-arts.org%2F2011%2Fbaghdad-madinat-al-salam%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bagdad">«Bagdad»</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 30. november 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">«Largest Cities Through History»</a>. Geography.about.com. 6. april 2011. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">originalen</a> 18. august 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Largest+Cities+Through+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Geography.about.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fweekly%2Faa011201a.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Inocencio, Ramy (4. desember 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/04/business/global-city-quality-life/index.html">«What city has world's best quality of life?»</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=What+city+has+world%27s+best+quality+of+life%3F&rft.au=Inocencio%2C+Ramy&rft.chron=4.+desember+2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2012%2F12%2F04%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal-city-quality-life%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21569077-one-africas-most-miserable-countries-looks-unstable-ever-brink">The Central African Republic: On the brink</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EI2_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EI2_6-1">6,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EI2_6-2">6,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EI2_6-3">6,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EI2_6-4">6,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EI2_6-5">6,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Duri, A.A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0084">«Bag̲h̲dād»</a>. I P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (2nd utg.). Brill. <span style="font-size:90%; color:#555">(krev abonnement (<span title="Sources are not required to be available online. Online sources do not have to be freely available. The site may require a paid subscription." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=Bag%CC%B2h%CC%B2d%C4%81d&rft.au=Duri%2C+A.A.&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.date=2012&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Brill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0084&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bagdad">«Bagdad, Foundation and early growth»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Bagdad%2C+Foundation+and+early+growth&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBagdad&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Strange, G. (n.d.). [...] The Persian hamlet of Bagdad, at the Western bank of the Tigris, and just above where Sarat canal flowed in, was ultimately fixed upon [...]. In Bagdad during Abbasids (p. 9).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.nl-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA564&dq=baghdad+aramaic+christian+villages&hl=nl">[1]</a> Encyclopedia of Islam</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie, D. (1971). A concise Pahlavi Dictionary (p. 23, 16).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol">«BAGHDAD i. Before the Mongol Invasion – Encyclopædia Iranica»</a>. Iranicaonline.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 9. september 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=BAGHDAD+i.+Before+the+Mongol+Invasion+%93+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Iranicaonline.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbaghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strange_pg_10-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Strange_pg_10_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Le Strange, «Bagdad During the Abbasids from Contemporary Arab and Persian», s 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923104427/http://www.georgianjournal.ge/image-page.html?view=item&id=300">«Persimmons surviving winter in Bagdati, Georgia»</a>. Georgian Journal. 22. februar 2016. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgianjournal.ge/image-page.html?view=item&id=300">originalen</a> 23. september 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. september 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=Persimmons+surviving+winter+in+Bagdati%2C+Georgia&rft.chron=22.+februar+2016&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgianjournal.ge%2Fimage-page.html%3Fview%3Ditem%26id%3D300&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923113613/http://www.visitkutaisi.com/en/discover-imereti/districts/9-baghdati">«Kutaisi»</a>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitkutaisi.com/en/discover-imereti/districts/9-baghdati">originalen</a> 23. september 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. september 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=Kutaisi&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitkutaisi.com%2Fen%2Fdiscover-imereti%2Fdistricts%2F9-baghdati&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John B. Friedman, Kristen M. Figg <i>Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the mellomalderen</i>, (Taylor & Francis, 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brinkmann J. A. <i>A political history of post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C.</i>(Gregorian Biblical BookShop, 1968)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ما_معنى_اسم_مدينة_بغداد_ومن_سماه_؟-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ما_معنى_اسم_مدينة_بغداد_ومن_سماه_؟_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seenjeem.maktoob.com/question?category_id=4&level=L2&question_id=9510">«ما معنى اسم مدينة بغداد ومن سماه ؟»</a>. Seenjeem.maktoob.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%A7+%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85+%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Seenjeem.maktoob.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseenjeem.maktoob.com%2Fquestion%3Fcategory_id%3D4%26level%3DL2%26question_id%3D9510&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Daude_eksterne_lenkjer" title="Wikipedia:Daude eksterne lenkjer">daud lenkje</a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egabat.google.com-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Egabat.google.com_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egabat.google.com/ejabat/thread?tid=6981074380f32f74">«ما معنى (بغداد)؟ - تمت الإجابة عنه - Google إجابات»</a>. Egabat.google.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%A7+%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89+%28%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%29%D8%9F+-+%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87+-+Google+%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Egabat.google.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegabat.google.com%2Fejabat%2Fthread%3Ftid%3D6981074380f32f74&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Daude_eksterne_lenkjer" title="Wikipedia:Daude eksterne lenkjer">daud lenkje</a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Corzine, Phyllis (2005). <i>The Islamic Empire</i>. Thomson Gale. s. 68–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft.aulast=Corzine&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Empire&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=68-69&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Times History of the World</i>. London: Times Books. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Times+History+of+the+World&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wiet, Gastron (1971). <i>Bagdad: Metropolis of the Abbasids</i>. Univ. of Oklahoma Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.aufirst=Gastron&rft.aulast=Wiet&rft.btitle=Bagdad%3A+Metropolis+of+the+Abbasids&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiet, pg. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Corzine, Phyllis (2005). <i>The Islamic Empire</i>. Thomson Gale. s. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft.aulast=Corzine&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Empire&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiet, pg. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ox-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ox_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030325090348/http://islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/Abbasid/baghdad.htm">«Abbasid Ceramics: Plan of Bagdad»</a>. web.archive.org. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/Abbasid/baghdad.htm">originalen</a> 25. mars 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Abbasid+Ceramics%3A+Plan+of+Bagdad&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=web.archive.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk%2FAbbasid%2Fbaghdad.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«Yakut: Bagdad under the Abbasids, c. 1000CE»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiet, pg. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sjå: <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Hattstein, Markus; Peter Delius (2000). <i>Islam Art and Architecture</i>. Cologne: Könemann. s. 96. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/3-8290-2558-0" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/3-8290-2558-0">3-8290-2558-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.au=Peter+Delius&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.aulast=Hattstein&rft.btitle=Islam+Art+and+Architecture&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-8290-2558-0&rft.pages=96&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pub=K%C3%B6nemann&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopædia Iranica (sida finst ikkje)">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, s.413.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ref2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref2_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hill, Donald R. (1994). <i>Islamic Science and Engineering</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. s. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-7486-0457-X" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-7486-0457-X">0-7486-0457-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.aufirst=Donald+R.&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.btitle=Islamic+Science+and+Engineering&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7486-0457-X&rft.pages=10&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+Univ.+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">«Largest Cities Through History»</a>. Geography.about.com. 2. november 2009. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">originalen</a> 18. august 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Largest+Cities+Through+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Geography.about.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fweekly%2Faa011201a.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matt T. Rosenberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm"><i>Largest Cities Through History</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">Arkivert</a> 2016-08-18 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mackensen-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mackensen_32-0">32,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mackensen_32-1">32,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mackensen_32-2">32,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mackensen_32-3">32,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mackensen_32-4">32,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackensen, Ruth Stellhorn . (1932). Four Great Libraries of Medieval Bagdad. <i>The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy</i>, Vol. 2, No. 3 (July 1932), s. 279-299. University of Chicago Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Modelski-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Modelski_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Modelski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Modelski (sida finst ikkje)">George Modelski</a>, <i>World Cities: –3000 to 2000</i>, Washington, D.C.: FAROS 2000, 2003. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-9676230-1-6" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-9676230-1-6">978-0-9676230-1-6</a>. Sjå òg <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/">Evolutionary World Politics Homepage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070520065457/http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/">Arkivert</a> 2007-05-20 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Trudy Ring, Robert M. Salkin, K. A. Berney, Paul E. Schellinger (1996). «International dictionary of historic places, Volume 4: Middle East and Africa». <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_and_Francis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor and Francis (sida finst ikkje)">Taylor and Francis</a>: 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=International+dictionary+of+historic+places%2C+Volume+4%3A+Middle+East+and+Africa&rft.aufirst=K.+A.+Berney%2C+Paul+E.+Schellinger&rft.aulast=Trudy+Ring%2C+Robert+M.+Salkin&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=116&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Atlas of the Medieval World pg. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Virani, Shafique N. <i>The Ismailis in the Medieval: A History of Survival, A Search for Salvation</i>, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daftary,_Farhad_1990-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daftary,_Farhad_1990_37-0">37,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daftary,_Farhad_1990_37-1">37,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Daftary, Farhad. <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 205-206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daftary, Farhad. <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/CAWC.htm">Central Asian world cities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118121401/https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/CAWC.htm">Arkivert</a> 18. januar 2012 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., George Modelski</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bosworth, C.E.; Donzel, E. van; Heinrichs, W.P.; Pellat, Ch., red. (1998). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_of_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam (sida finst ikkje)">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, Volume VII (Mif-Naz)</i>. BRILL. s. 1032. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9789004094192" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/9789004094192">9789004094192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+VII+%28Mif-Naz%29&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789004094192&rft.pages=1032&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Frazier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/04/25/050425fa_fact4?currentPage=5">Annals of history: Invaders: Destroying Bagdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> 25. april 2005. s.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/eav042806.shtml">New Book Looks at Old-Style Central Asian Despotism</a>, EurasiaNet Civil Society, Elizabeth Kiem, 28. april 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2TGkO7G43oC&pg=PA99&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: a documentary economic history</a></i>». Charles Philip Issawi (1988). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press_US&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press US (sida finst ikkje)">Oxford University Press US</a>. s.99. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-19-504951-9" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-19-504951-9">0-19-504951-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suraiya Faroqhi, Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert (1997). «<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c00jmTrjzAoC&pg=PA651&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">An economic and social history of the The Ottoman Empire</a></i>». <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (sida finst ikkje)">Cambridge University Press</a>. s.651. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-521-57455-2" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-521-57455-2">0-521-57455-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cetinsaya, Gokhan. <i>Ottoman Administration i Irak, 1890–1908</i>. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GhareebDougherty2004-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GhareebDougherty2004_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Edmund A. Ghareeb; Beth Dougherty (18. mars 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RIB5qT9sGnwC&pg=PA125"><i>Historical Dictionary i Irak</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. s. 125. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-8108-6568-6" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-8108-6568-6">978-0-8108-6568-6</a>. «Jews represented 2.5 percent of 'Iraq's population and 25 percent of Baghdad's.»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.au=Beth+Dougherty&rft.au=Edmund+A.+Ghareeb&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+i+Irak&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6568-6&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRIB5qT9sGnwC%26pg%3DPA125&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanek, L., Miastoprojekt goes abroad: the transfer of architectural labour from socialist Poland to Iraq (1958–1989), The Journal of Architecture, Volume 17, Issue 3, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11307515/Iraq-crisis-The-last-Christians-of-Dora.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11307515/Iraq-crisis-The-last-Christians-of-Dora.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes2008-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes2008_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Owles, Eric (18. desember 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/18/then-and-now-a-new-chapter-for-baghdad-book-market/?hp">«Then and Now: A New Chapter for Bagdad Book Market»</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=Then+and+Now%3A+A+New+Chapter+for+Bagdad+Book+Market&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Owles&rft.chron=18.+desember+2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F18%2Fthen-and-now-a-new-chapter-for-baghdad-book-market%2F%3Fhp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_radio_4,_zoo-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_radio_4,_zoo_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/4a456893b10c4c55a2d0fbda730485c5">«<i>The Choice</i>, featuring Lawrence Anthony»</a>. BBC radio 4. 23. februar 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=The+Choice%2C+featuring+Lawrence+Anthony&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC+radio+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2F4a456893b10c4c55a2d0fbda730485c5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anthony, Lawrence; Spence Grayham (3. juni 2007). <i>Babylon's Ark; The Incredible Wartime Rescue of the Bagdad Zoo</i>. Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-312-35832-6" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-312-35832-6">0-312-35832-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.au=Spence+Grayham&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.btitle=Babylon%27s+Ark%3B+The+Incredible+Wartime+Rescue+of+the+Bagdad+Zoo&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-312-35832-6&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KazemOmmolKitab-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KazemOmmolKitab_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kazem.ommolketab.ir/تاريخچه-حرم-كاظمين/">«تاریخچه حرم کاظمین»</a>. kazem.ommolketab.ir<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87+%D8%D8%B1%D9%85+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=kazem.ommolketab.ir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkazem.ommolketab.ir%2F%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87-%D8%D8%B1%D9%85-%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (på <a href="/wiki/Persisk" title="Persisk">persisk</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dome-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dome_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813105435/http://www.aljawadain.org/AKHBAR/news.php?action=view&id=5"><bdi lang="ar">افتتاحية قبة الامام الجواد عليه السلام</bdi></a>. <i>www.aljawadain.org</i> (på arabisk). Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljawadain.org/AKHBAR/news.php?action=view&id=5">originalen</a> 13. august 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljawadain.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljawadain.org%2FAKHBAR%2Fnews.php%3Faction%3Dview%26id%3D5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Jawadain2009-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Al-Jawadain2009_54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813105330/http://www.aljawadain.org/AKHBAR/news.php?action=view&id=20"><bdi lang="ar">البدء بإعمار وتذهيب قبة الإمام الكاظم عليه السلام</bdi></a>. <i>www.aljawadain.org</i> (på arabisk). Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljawadain.org/AKHBAR/news.php?action=view&id=20">originalen</a> 13. august 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1+%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljawadain.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljawadain.org%2FAKHBAR%2Fnews.php%3Faction%3Dview%26id%3D20&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Aadhamy_-_s.29-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-al-Aadhamy_-_s.29_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">al-Aadhamy. <i>History of the Great Imam mosque and al-Adhamiyah mosques <b>1</b><span></span></i>. s. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.au=al-Aadhamy&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Great+Imam+mosque+and+al-Adhamiyah+mosques+1&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Al Shakir, Osama S. (20. oktober 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abu-hanefa.blogspot.com/2013/10/blog-post_30.html">«History of the Mosque of Abu Hanifa and its school»</a>. <i>Abu Hanifa An-Nu'man Mosque</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Mosque+of+Abu+Hanifa+and+its+school&rft.aufirst=Osama+S.&rft.aulast=Al+Shakir&rft.chron=20.+oktober+2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abu+Hanifa+An-Nu%27man+Mosque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabu-hanefa.blogspot.com%2F2013%2F10%2Fblog-post_30.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (på arabisk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/weather/iranian-city-just-hit-world-record-temps-that-feel-like-163-degrees/ar-BBlh7k7">[2]</a> Henta 23. februar 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1464">«World Weather Information Service»</a>. <i>worldweather.wmo.int</i>. 23. februar 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=World+Weather+Information+Service&rft.chron=23.+februar+2020&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldweather.wmo.int&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2Fen%2Fcity.html%3FcityId%3D1464&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climexp.knmi.nl/data/tspa40650.txt">Annual Rainfall Statistics for Bagdad (WMO #40650)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Daude_eksterne_lenkjer" title="Wikipedia:Daude eksterne lenkjer">daud lenkje</a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">(AFP) – 11. januar 2008 (11. januar 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929173506/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw">«Afp.google.com, First snow for 100 years falls on Bagdad»</a>. Afp.google.com. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw">originalen</a> 29. september 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.au=%28AFP%29+%93+11.+januar+2008&rft.btitle=Afp.google.com%2C+First+snow+for+100+years+falls+on+Bagdad&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Afp.google.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafp.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/154/c01464.htm">«World Weather Information Service - Bagdad»</a>. World Meteorological Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+-+Bagdad&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F154%2Fc01464.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.usatoday.com/news/graphics/troop_surge/flash.swf">«New troops to move into Iraq»</a>. <i>USA Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=New+troops+to+move+into+Iraq&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fgraphics%2Ftroop_surge%2Fflash.swf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=27637">«DefenseLink News Article: Soldier Helps to Form Democracy in Bagdad»</a>. Defenselink.mil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831135357/http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=27637">Arkivert</a> frå originalen den 31. august 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=DefenseLink+News+Article%3A+Soldier+Helps+to+Form+Democracy+in+Bagdad&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Defenselink.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D27637&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228064722/http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/june2005/a060105la2.html">«Zafaraniya Residents Get Water Project Update - DefendAmerica News Article»</a>. Defendamerica.mil. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/june2005/a060105la2.html">originalen</a> 28. desember 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Zafaraniya+Residents+Get+Water+Project+Update+-+DefendAmerica+News+Article&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Defendamerica.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defendamerica.mil%2Farticles%2Fjune2005%2Fa060105la2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Frank, Thomas (26. mars 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-03-26-councils-work_x.htm">«Basics of democracy i Irak include frustration»</a>. <i>USA Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 26. april 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.atitle=Basics+of+democracy+i+Irak+include+frustration&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.chron=26.+mars+2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq%2F2006-03-26-councils-work_x.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227233739/http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/mar2004/a031804d.html">«DefendAmerica News - Article»</a>. Defendamerica.mil. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/mar2004/a031804d.html">originalen</a> 27. desember 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=DefendAmerica+News+-+Article&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Defendamerica.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defendamerica.mil%2Farticles%2Fmar2004%2Fa031804d.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1205/p01s04-woiq.html">«Democracy from scratch»</a>. csmonitor.com. 5. desember 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100403220914/http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1205/p01s04-woiq.html">Arkivert</a> frå originalen den 3. april 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Democracy+from+scratch&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=csmonitor.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2003%2F1205%2Fp01s04-woiq.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228012249/http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/sept2006/a091906dg2.html">«Leaders Highlight Successes of Bagdad Operation - DefendAmerica News Article»</a>. Defendamerica.mil. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/sept2006/a091906dg2.html">originalen</a> 28. desember 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Leaders+Highlight+Successes+of+Bagdad+Operation+-+DefendAmerica+News+Article&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Defendamerica.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defendamerica.mil%2Farticles%2Fsept2006%2Fa091906dg2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcentv.com/news/c-article.php?cid=5&nid=235">NBC 6 News - 1st Cav Headlines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212142736/http://www.kcentv.com/news/c-article.php?cid=5&nid=235">Arkivert</a> 12. desember 2007 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518015038/http://www.aaco.org/airlines_iraqi.asp">««Iraqi Airways.»»</a>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaco.org/airlines_iraqi.asp">originalen</a> 18. mai 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=%ABIraqi+Airways.%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaco.org%2Fairlines_iraqi.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Air_Carriers_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Air Carriers Organization (sida finst ikkje)">Arab Air Carriers Organization</a>. Henta 19. oktober 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alnaserairlines.com/contact-us.htm">Contact Us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110215083622/http://www.alnaserairlines.com/contact-us.htm">Arkivert</a> 15. februar 2011 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..» <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Naser_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Naser Airlines (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Naser Airlines</a>. Henta 23. februar 2020. «Main Branch: Al-Karrada, Babil Region - Distrlct 929<sup> [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]</sup> - St21 - Home 46 - Beside Al Jadirya Private Hospital. [...] Iraq- Baghdad.»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twins-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-twins_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6 %7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23">«Twinning the Cities»</a>. City of Beirut. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6 %7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#">originalen</a> 21. februar 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 23. februar 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad&rft.btitle=Twinning+the+Cities&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=City+of+Beirut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSTest%2FMenu-Pages%2FSisterCitiesEN.aspx%3FNRMODE%3DPublished%26NRORIGINALURL%3D%252fwww%252ebeirut%252egov%252elb%252fMCMSEN%252fTwinning%252bthe%252bCities%252f%26NRNODEGUID%3D%257b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6+%257d%26NRCACHEHINT%3DNoModifyGuest%23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> har multimedium som gjeld: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baghdad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baghdad">Bagdad</a></b> </div></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> Reiseguide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Baghdad" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Baghdad">Baghdad</a> frå Wikivoyage</div></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <span class="citation book">«<a href="https://nn.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Baghdad_(city)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Baghdad (city)">Baghdad (city)</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11. utg.). 1911.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%5B%5Bs%3A1911+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2FBaghdad+%28city%29%7CBaghdad+%28city%29%5D%5D&rft.atitle=%5B%5BEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Eleventh+Edition%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=11.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Bagdad"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amanatbaghdad.gov.iq">Offisiell nettstad</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530#P856" title="Endra lenkja på Wikidata"><img alt="Endra lenkja på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Distrikt_og_bydelar_i_Bagdad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Administrative_distrikt_i_Bagdad" title="Mal:Administrative distrikt i Bagdad"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Administrative_distrikt_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Administrative distrikt i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-endre"><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mal:Administrative_distrikt_i_Bagdad&action=edit"><abbr title="Endre denne malen">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Distrikt_og_bydelar_i_Bagdad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_distrikt_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative distrikt i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Distrikt</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bydelar_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bydelar i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">bydelar</a> i <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bagdad</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hovudbydelar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhamiyah" title="Adhamiyah">Adhamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadhimiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadhimiya">Kadhimiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkh" title="Karkh">Karkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Karrada">Karrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansour-distriktet" title="Mansour-distriktet">Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ny-Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ny-Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Ny-Bagdad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Rashid_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Rashid i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Al Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rusafa_i_Irak" title="Al-Rusafa i Irak">Rusafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_by" title="Sadr by">Sadr by</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Za%27franiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Za'franiya (sida finst 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href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Jibor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Jibor (sida finst ikkje)">Arab Jibor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_Al-Moatham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab Al-Moatham (sida finst ikkje)">Bab Al-Moatham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_Al-Sharqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab Al-Sharqi (sida finst ikkje)">Bab Al-Sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiyaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiyaa (sida finst ikkje)">Baiyaa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dora_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dora i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Fathel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Fathel (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Fathel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazaliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghazaliya (sida finst ikkje)">Ghazaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haifa_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haifa Street (sida finst ikkje)">Haifa Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hebnaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hebnaa (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Hebnaa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hurriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hurriya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Hurriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jadriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jadriya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Jadriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Al-Jami%27a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Al-Jami'a (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Al-Jami'a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jisr_Diyala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jisr Diyala (sida finst ikkje)">Jisr Diyala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jihad_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jihad i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Khadhraa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Khadhraa (sida finst ikkje)">Al Khadhraa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansour_bydel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansour bydel (sida finst ikkje)">Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raghiba_Khatoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raghiba Khatoun (sida finst ikkje)">Raghiba Khatoun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sa%27adoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sa'adoon (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Sa'adoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Saydiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Saydiya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Saydiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha%27ab_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha'ab i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Shu%27ala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Shu'ala (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Shu'ala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Al-Shurtta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Al-Shurtta (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Al-Shurtta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ubedy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ubedy (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Ubedy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayy_Ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayy Ur (sida finst ikkje)">Hayy Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utafiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utafiyah (sida finst ikkje)">Utafiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Washash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Washash (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Washash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Wazireya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Wazireya (sida finst ikkje)">Al-Wazireya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarmouk_i_Bagdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarmouk i Bagdad (sida finst ikkje)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a 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