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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phoenice_I_and_Phoenice_Libanensis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phoenice_I_and_Phoenice_Libanensis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Phoenice I and Phoenice Libanensis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phoenice_I_and_Phoenice_Libanensis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ecclesiastical administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Phoenicia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propraetorial_Imperial_Legates_of_Phoenicia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulares_of_Phoenicia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulares_of_Phoenicia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>Consulares</i> of Phoenicia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulares_of_Phoenicia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوريا فينيقيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوريا فينيقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria_(prov%C3%ADncia_romana)#Governadors_romans_de_Síria" title="Síria (província romana) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Síria (província romana)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_Phoenice" title="Syria Phoenice – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Syria Phoenice" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7_(%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Φοινίκη (Ρωμαϊκή επαρχία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φοινίκη (Ρωμαϊκή επαρχία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria_Fenicia" title="Siria Fenicia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siria Fenicia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrie-Ph%C3%A9nicie_(province_romaine)" title="Syrie-Phénicie (province romaine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syrie-Phénicie (province romaine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenice_(provinsi_Romawi)" title="Phoenice (provinsi Romawi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Phoenice (provinsi Romawi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרובינקיה סוריה פיניקיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרובינקיה סוריה פיניקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_Phoenice" title="Syria Phoenice – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Syria Phoenice" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria-Fenici%C3%AB" title="Syria-Fenicië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Syria-Fenicië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_(prowincja_rzymska)" title="Syria (prowincja rzymska) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Syria (prowincja rzymska)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia_romana" title="Fenícia romana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fenícia romana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Финикия (римская провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Финикия (римская провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicija_(rimska_provinca)" title="Fenicija (rimska provinca) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fenicija (rimska provinca)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_Phoenice" title="Syria Phoenice – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syria Phoenice" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81)" title="فینیس (رومی صوبہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فینیس (رومی صوبہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="腓尼基 (罗马行省) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腓尼基 (罗马行省)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Roman/Byzantine province (c. 194–394)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ancient Roman province in the Levant. For the ancient Greek city in Epirus, see <a href="/wiki/Phoenice" title="Phoenice">Phoenice</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Province of Syria Phoenice<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size:120%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Provincia Syria Phoenice</span></span></span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br /><span title="Koinē Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐπαρχία τῆς Φοινίκης Συρίας</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">Province of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> (after 395 of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 194</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 394</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_-_Syria_Phoenice_(AD_210).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Roman_Empire_-_Syria_Phoenice_%28AD_210%29.svg/220px-Roman_Empire_-_Syria_Phoenice_%28AD_210%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Roman_Empire_-_Syria_Phoenice_%28AD_210%29.svg/330px-Roman_Empire_-_Syria_Phoenice_%28AD_210%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Roman_Empire_-_Syria_Phoenice_%28AD_210%29.svg/440px-Roman_Empire_-_Syria_Phoenice_%28AD_210%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a></span><br />Roman Empire in 210 with Syria Phoenice highlighted in red</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyrus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Created by <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 194</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Division during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosius the Great">Theodosius the Great</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 394</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Syria_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria (Roman province)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Libanensis" title="Phoenice Libanensis">Phoenice Libanensis</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Paralia" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice Paralia">Phoenice Paralia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Phoenice</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Syria Phoenīcē</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ˈsʏri.a<span class="wrap"> </span>pʰoe̯ˈniːkeː]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἡ Φοινίκη Συρία</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Koinē Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hē Phoinī́kē Syría</i></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[(h)e<span class="wrap"> </span>pʰyˈni.ke<span class="wrap"> </span>syˈri.a]</a></span>) was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, encompassing the historical region of <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>. It was officially created in 194 AD and after <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 394</span>, <b>Phoenice Syria</b> was divided into <b>Phoenice</b> proper or <b>Phoenice Paralia</b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Libanensis_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice Libanensis (Roman province)">Phoenice Libanensis</a></b>, a division that persisted until the region was <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">conquered</a> by the Muslim Arabs in the 630s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png/220px-Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png/330px-Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png/440px-Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a> with its provinces, as recorded in the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>, c. 400</figcaption></figure> <p>Phoenicia came <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Roman_rule" title="Phoenicia under Roman rule">under Roman rule</a> in 64 BC, when <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> created the province of <a href="/wiki/Syria_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria</a>. With the exception of a brief period in 36–30 BC, when <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> gave the region to <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>, Phoenicia remained part of the province of Syria thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> (reigned 117–138) is said to have considered a division of the overly large Syrian province in 123–124 AD, but it was not until shortly after c. 194 AD that <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> (r. 193–211) actually undertook this, dividing the province into <a href="/wiki/Syria_Coele" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria Coele">Syria Coele</a> in the north and <b>Syria Phoenice</b> in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> became the capital of the new province, but <a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a> (r. 218–222) raised his native <a href="/wiki/Emesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesa">Emesa</a> to co-capital, and the two cities rivalled each other as the head of the province until its division in the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province was much larger than the area traditionally called <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>: for example, cities like <a href="/wiki/Emesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesa">Emesa</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the base of the <a href="/wiki/Legio_III_Gallica" title="Legio III Gallica">Legio III Gallica</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Raphanea" title="Raphanea">Raphanaea</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were now subject to governor in Tyre. Veterans of this military unit were settled in Tyre, which also received the rank of <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman)">colonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of the 2nd century Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a>, a civil war erupted, in which <a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> supported <a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a>. While the city of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> supported <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>, which led Niger to send <a href="/wiki/Mauri" title="Mauri">Mauri</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Javelin" title="Javelin">javelin</a> men and archers to sack the city.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Niger lost the civil war, and Septimius Severus decided to show his gratitude for Tyre's support by making it the capital of Phoenice. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> (r. 284–305) separated the district of <a href="/wiki/Batanaea" title="Batanaea">Batanaea</a> and gave it to <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia</a>, while sometime before 328, when it is mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Laterculus_Veronensis" title="Laterculus Veronensis">Laterculus Veronensis</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> (r. 306–337) created the new province of <b>Augusta Libanensis</b> out of the eastern half of the old province, encompassing the territory east of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon" title="Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368–369_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368–369-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phoenice_I_and_Phoenice_Libanensis">Phoenice I and Phoenice Libanensis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phoenice I and Phoenice Libanensis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Constantine's province was short-lived, but formed the basis of the re-division of Phoenice c. 394 into the <b>Phoenice I</b> or <b>Phoenice Paralia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Φοινίκη Παραλία</span>, "coastal Phoenice"), and <b>Phoenice II</b> or <b>Phoenice Libanensis</b> (Φοινίκη Λιβανησία), with Tyre and Emesa as their respective capitals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368–369_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368–369-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>, written shortly after the division, Phoenice I is governed by a <i><a href="/wiki/Consularis" title="Consularis">consularis</a></i>, while Libanensis is governed by a <i><a href="/wiki/Praeses" title="Praeses">praeses</a></i>, with both provinces under the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OriensI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OriensI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This division remained intact until the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a> in the 630s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a>, most of the two Phoenices came under the <a href="/wiki/Jund_Dimashq" title="Jund Dimashq">province of Damascus</a>, with parts in the south and north going to the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Urdunn" title="Jund al-Urdunn">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jund_Hims" title="Jund Hims">Emesa</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199447–48,_240_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199447–48,_240-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_administration">Ecclesiastical administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ecclesiastical administration paralleled the political, but with some differences. The bishop of Tyre emerged as the pre-eminent prelate of Phoenice by the mid-3rd century. When the province was divided c. 394, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, rather than Emesa, became the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_see" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan see">metropolis</a> of Phoenice II. Both provinces belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Antioch">Patriarchate of Antioch</a>, with Damascus initially outranking Tyre, whose position was also briefly challenged by the see of <a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus</a> c. 450; after 480/1, however, the Metropolitan of Tyre established himself as the first in precedence (<i><a href="/wiki/Protothronos" title="Protothronos">protothronos</a></i>) of all the Metropolitans subject to Antioch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the time of <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>, it had been the practice to assign not more than two <a href="/wiki/Legionary" title="Legionary">legions</a> to each frontier province, and, although in some provinces one legion was sometimes deemed sufficient, the upper limit was not exceeded. This policy appears to have been continued during the third century AD, as seen in the case of <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> raising the garrisons of Phoenice to the normal strength of two legions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governors">Governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propraetorial_Imperial_Legates_of_Phoenicia">Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Phoenicia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Phoenicia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalMuseumOfBeirut_SeptimiusSverus-marble-Tyre_RomanDeckert06102019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/NationalMuseumOfBeirut_SeptimiusSverus-marble-Tyre_RomanDeckert06102019.jpg/220px-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_SeptimiusSverus-marble-Tyre_RomanDeckert06102019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/NationalMuseumOfBeirut_SeptimiusSverus-marble-Tyre_RomanDeckert06102019.jpg/330px-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_SeptimiusSverus-marble-Tyre_RomanDeckert06102019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/NationalMuseumOfBeirut_SeptimiusSverus-marble-Tyre_RomanDeckert06102019.jpg/440px-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_SeptimiusSverus-marble-Tyre_RomanDeckert06102019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Marble head of the emperor Septimius Severus, from Tyre, on display at the National Museum of Beirut.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" width="70%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#FFDEAD"> <th width="9%">Date </th> <th width="39%"><i><a href="/wiki/Legatus_Augusti_pro_praetore" title="Legatus Augusti pro praetore">Legatus Augusti pro praetore</a></i> (Governor of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial province">imperial province</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>193 – 194</td> <td>Ti. Manilius Fuscus<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>198</td> <td>Q. Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus L. Calvinianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 207</td> <td>Domitius Leo Procillianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>213</td> <td>D. Pius Cassius </td></tr> <tr> <td>Between 268 and 270</td> <td>Salvius Theodorus </td></tr> <tr> <td>Between 284 and 305</td> <td>L. Artorius Pius Maximus </td></tr> <tr> <td>292 – 293</td> <td>Crispinus </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulares_of_Phoenicia"><i>Consulares</i> of Phoenicia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consulares of Phoenicia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the fourth century, as a whole, almost 30 governors of Phoenicia are known with 23 governors of Phoenicia being in office between 353 and 394.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="70%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#FFDEAD"> <th width="9%">Date </th> <th width="39%">Provincial governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Consularis" title="Consularis">Consularis</a></i>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Between 293 and 305</td> <td>Aelius Statuus </td></tr> <tr> <td>Between 293 and 303</td> <td>Sossianus Hierocles </td></tr> <tr> <td>Before 305</td> <td>Julius Julianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>? Between 309/313</td> <td>Maximus </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 323</td> <td>Achillius </td></tr> <tr> <td>328 – 329</td> <td>Fl. Dionysius </td></tr> <tr> <td>335</td> <td>Archelaus </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 337</td> <td>Nonnus </td></tr> <tr> <td>342</td> <td>Marcellinus </td></tr> <tr> <td>353/4</td> <td>Apollinaris </td></tr> <tr> <td>Before 358</td> <td>Demetrius </td></tr> <tr> <td>358 – 359</td> <td>Nicentius<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(?) 359/60</td> <td>Euchrostius </td></tr> <tr> <td>Before 360</td> <td>Julianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>360 – 361</td> <td>Andronicus </td></tr> <tr> <td>Before 361</td> <td>Aelius Claudius Dulcitius </td></tr> <tr> <td>361</td> <td>Anatolius </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 361/2</td> <td>Polycles </td></tr> <tr> <td>362</td> <td>Julianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>362 – 363</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaianus_of_Tyre" title="Gaianus of Tyre">Gaianus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>363 – 364</td> <td>Marius </td></tr> <tr> <td>364</td> <td>Ulpianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>364 – 365</td> <td>Domninus </td></tr> <tr> <td>372</td> <td>Leontius </td></tr> <tr> <td>380</td> <td>Petrus </td></tr> <tr> <td>382 – 383</td> <td>Proculus </td></tr> <tr> <td>Before 388</td> <td>Eustathius </td></tr> <tr> <td>388</td> <td>Antherius </td></tr> <tr> <td>388</td> <td>Epiphanius </td></tr> <tr> <td>390</td> <td>Domitius </td></tr> <tr> <td>391</td> <td>Severianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>392</td> <td>Leontius </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modern-day Homs/Hims (حمص), Syria.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arabic: تَدْمُر (<i>Tadmur</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A military unit of the Imperial Roman army</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arabic: الرفنية, romanized: al-Rafaniyya; colloquial: Rafniye</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latin designation for the Berber population of Mauretania, a region in the ancient Maghreb.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEißfeldt1941">Eißfeldt 1941</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ulpian" title="Ulpian">Ulpian</a>, <i>Digests</i> 50.15.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodian" title="Herodian">Herodian</a>, <i>Roman History</i> 3.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368–369-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368–369_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368–369_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEißfeldt1941">Eißfeldt 1941</a>, pp. 368–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OriensI-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OriensI_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Notitia Dignitatum</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P17.HTM"><i>in partibus Orientis</i>, I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEißfeldt1941">Eißfeldt 1941</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199447–48,_240-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199447–48,_240_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlankinship1994">Blankinship 1994</a>, pp. 47–48, 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, “The Legions of Diocletian and Constantine,” p. 177/178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, pg. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.H.M. Jones, J.R. Martindale, J. Morris, Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. I: AD 260–395, Cambridge 1971 (hereinafter: PLRE I), pp. 1105–1110 (fasti). For the reviews, often negative, and corrections to the first volume of PLRE, cf. A.H.M. Jones, “Fifteen years of Late Roman Prosopography in the West” (1981–95), [in:] Medieval Prosopography 17/1, 1996, pp. 263–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martindale, J. R. & A. H. M. Jones, "Nicentius 1", <i>The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260-395</i> (Cambridge: University Press, 1971), p. 628</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenice_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlankinship1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Yahya_Blankinship" title="Khalid Yahya Blankinship">Blankinship, Khalid Yahya</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz0Yy053WS4C"><i>The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads</i></a>. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-1827-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Jih%C3%A2d+State%3A+The+Reign+of+Hish%C4%81m+ibn+%CA%BBAbd+al-Malik+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Umayyads&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1827-7&rft.aulast=Blankinship&rft.aufirst=Khalid+Yahya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJz0Yy053WS4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhoenice+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEißfeldt1941" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Eißfeldt, Otto (1941). "Phoiniker (Phoinike)". <i><a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_Classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft">Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft</a></i>. Vol. Band XX, Halbband 39, Philon–Pignus. pp. 350–379.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phoiniker+%28Phoinike%29&rft.btitle=Realencyclop%C3%A4die+der+Classischen+Altertumswissenschaft&rft.pages=350-379&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Ei%C3%9Ffeldt&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhoenice+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Sch%C3%BCrer" title="Emil Schürer">Schürer Emil</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Vermes Geza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fergus_Millar" title="Fergus Millar">Millar Fergus</a>, <i>The history of the Jewish people in the age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135)</i>, Volume I, Edinburgh 1973, p. 243-266 (Survey of the Roman Province of Syria from 63 B.C. to A.D. 70).</li> <li>Linda Jones Hall, <i>Roman Berytus: Beirut in late antiquity</i> (2004)</li> <li>Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, <i>The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</i>, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Achaia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Achaia">Achaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Roman_Egypt" title="List of governors of Roman Egypt">Aegyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Africa" title="List of Roman governors of Africa">Africa proconsularis</a></li> <li>Alpes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Cottiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Cottiae (page does not exist)">Alpes Cottiae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Maritimae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Maritimae (page does not exist)">Alpes Maritimae</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Poeninae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Poeninae (page does not exist)">Alpes Poeninae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Arabia_Petraea" title="List of Roman governors of Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Roman_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Roman Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Asia" title="List of Roman governors of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Assyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Assyria (page does not exist)">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Bithynia_and_Pontus" title="List of Roman governors of Bithynia and Pontus">Bithynia and Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Roman_Britain" title="List of governors of Roman Britain">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Cappadocia" title="List of Roman governors of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Cilicia" title="List of Roman governors of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Corsica_and_Sardinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Corsica and Sardinia (page does not exist)">Corsica and Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Crete_et_Cyrernaica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Crete et Cyrernaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Roman_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Dacia_Traiana" title="List of Roman governors of Dacia Traiana">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Epirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Epirus (page does not exist)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Galatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_governors_of_Gaul" title="Roman Republican governors of Gaul">Gaul</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Aquitania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Belgica" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Lugdunensis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Narbonensis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>)</li> <li>Germania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Germania_Inferior" title="List of Roman governors of Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Germania_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a>)</li> <li>Hispania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Hispania_Baetica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="List of Roman governors of Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_administration_of_Judaea_(AD_6%E2%80%93135)" title="Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135)">Judaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lusitania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lycia_et_Pamphylia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Lycia et Pamphylia">Lycia et Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li>Mauretania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="List of Roman governors of Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mauretania_Tingitana" title="List of Roman governors of Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mesopotamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Mesopotamia (page does not exist)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Moesia">Moesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lower_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Lower Moesia">Moesia Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Upper_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Upper Moesia">Moesia Superior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Noricum" title="List of Roman governors of Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia">Pannonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Raetia" title="List of Roman governors of Raetia">Raetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Sicilia" title="List of Roman governors of Sicilia">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Syria" title="List of Roman governors of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Thracia" title="List of Roman governors of Thracia">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)"><img alt="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/150px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/225px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/300px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template talk:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="List of Late Roman provinces">Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces</a> (4th–7th centuries AD)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">As found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>. Provincial administration reformed and <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">dioceses</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 293. Permanent <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">praetorian prefectures</a> established after the death of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Africa</a> established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Theme_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme system">theme system</a> in c. 640–660, although in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Roman_Empire_(395–476)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> (395–476)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Gaul" title="Praetorian prefecture of Gaul">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Gaul" title="Diocese of Gaul">Diocese of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Poeninae_et_Graiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpes Poeninae et Graiae">Alpes Poeninae et Graiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Prima">Belgica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Secunda">Belgica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis I">Lugdunensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis II">Lugdunensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis III">Lugdunensis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis IV">Lugdunensis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Sequanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxima Sequanorum">Maxima Sequanorum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Diocese of Vienne</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Maritimae" title="Alpes Maritimae">Alpes Maritimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica I">Aquitanica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica II">Aquitanica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis I">Narbonensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis II">Narbonensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novempopulania" title="Novempopulania">Novempopulania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennensis" title="Viennensis">Viennensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Spain">Diocese of Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Balearica" title="Hispania Balearica">Balearica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Carthaginensis" title="Hispania Carthaginensis">Carthaginensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Tarraconensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Britains" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of the Britains">Diocese of the Britains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Prima" title="Britannia Prima">Britannia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Secunda" title="Britannia Secunda">Britannia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Caesariensis" title="Flavia Caesariensis">Flavia Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Caesariensis" title="Maxima Caesariensis">Maxima Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentia_(Roman_Britain)" title="Valentia (Roman Britain)">Valentia (?)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Italy" title="Praetorian prefecture of Italy">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Suburbicarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy">Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="Province of Apulia and Calabria">Apulia et Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campania_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campania (Roman province)">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucania_et_Bruttium" title="Lucania et Bruttium">Lucania et Bruttium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Picenum Suburbicarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuscia_et_Umbria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuscia et Umbria (page does not exist)">Tuscia et Umbria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Suburbicaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valeria Suburbicaria (page does not exist)">Valeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Annonarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Annonarian Italy">Diocese of Annonarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Cottiae" title="Alpes Cottiae">Alpes Cottiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminia_et_Picenum_Annonarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium">Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liguria_(Roman_province)" title="Liguria (Roman province)">Liguria</a> et <a href="/wiki/Aemilia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aemilia (Roman province)">Aemilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Prima" title="Raetia Prima">Raetia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Raetia Secunda">Raetia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_et_Histria" title="Venetia et Histria">Venetia et Histria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Africa" title="Diocese of Africa">Diocese of Africa</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzacena" title="Byzacena">Byzacena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Sitifensis" title="Mauretania Sitifensis">Mauretania Sitifensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numidia_(Roman_province)" title="Numidia (Roman province)">Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitania_(Roman_province)" title="Tripolitania (Roman province)">Tripolitania (Roman province)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eastern_Roman_Empire_(395–c._640)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> (395–c. 640)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Illyricum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_mediterraneum" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum mediterraneum">Noricum mediterraneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_ripense" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum ripense">Noricum ripense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Prima" title="Pannonia Prima">Pannonia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Savia" title="Pannonia Savia">Savia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_ripensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria ripensis">Valeria ripensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Prima" title="Moesia Prima">Moesia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Diocese of Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaea (Roman province)">Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Creta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Nova">Epirus Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Vetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Vetus">Epirus Vetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Prima">Macedonia Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Secunda">Macedonia II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalia">Thessalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_the_East" title="Praetorian prefecture of the East">Praetorian prefecture<br />of the East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Thrace" title="Diocese of Thrace">Diocese of Thrace</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(Roman_province)" title="Europa (Roman province)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemimontus" title="Haemimontus">Haemimontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Secunda">Moesia II</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(province)" title="Rhodope (province)">Rhodope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor" title="Scythia Minor">Scythia</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Asia" title="Diocese of Asia">Diocese of Asia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontus_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespontus (province)">Hellespontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_(Roman_province)" title="Islands (Roman province)">Islands</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia (370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Pacatiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Pacatiana">Phrygia Pacatiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Salutaris">Phrygia Salutaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pontus" title="Diocese of Pontus">Diocese of Pontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Prima">Armenia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Secunda">Armenia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Maior" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Maior">Armenia Maior</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Satrapies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Satrapies">Armenian Satrapies</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia III">Armenia III (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia IV">Armenia IV (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Prima">Cappadocia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Secunda">Cappadocia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Prima">Galatia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Secunda">Galatia II Salutaris</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenopontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenopontus">Helenopontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorias" title="Honorias">Honorias</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_Polemoniacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontus Polemoniacus">Pontus Polemoniacus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Prima">Cilicia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Secunda">Cilicia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphratensis" title="Euphratensis">Euphratensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroene_(Roman_province)" title="Osroene (Roman province)">Osroene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_III_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaestina III Salutaris">Palaestina III Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice Prima">Phoenice I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_II_Libanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice II Libanensis">Phoenice II Libanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Prima" title="Syria Prima">Syria I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_II_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria II Salutaris">Syria II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorias_(province)" title="Theodorias (province)">Theodorias (528)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Egypt" title="Diocese of Egypt">Diocese of Egypt</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus I">Aegyptus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus II">Aegyptus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Aegypti" title="Arcadia Aegypti">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica I">Augustamnica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica II">Augustamnica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Superior">Libya Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Inferior">Libya Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Superior">Thebais Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Inferior">Thebais Inferior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taurica" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurica">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania (552)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Septem Provinciae</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Re-established after <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">reconquest</a> by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">Prefecture of Africa</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Illyricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Illyricum">Diocese of Illyricum</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Placed under the <a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a> in 536</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a>'s administrative reorganization in 534–536</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman Berytus<br />(actual Beirut)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum,_Beirut" title="Roman Forum, Beirut">Roman Forum of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Baths,_Beirut" title="Roman Baths, Beirut">Berytus Roman Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisterns_of_the_Roman_Baths,_Beirut" title="Cisterns of the Roman Baths, Beirut">Cisterns of Berytus Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardo_Decumanus_Crossing" title="Cardo Decumanus Crossing">Berytus Cardo Decumanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnaded_Street" title="Colonnaded Street">Berytus Colonnaded street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_mosaics" title="Byzantine mosaics">Byzantine mosaics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Roman_Berytus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippodrome of Roman Berytus">Roman hippodrome of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_school_of_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Law school of Beirut">Roman Law school of Berytus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/250px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/375px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/500px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman Phoenicia<br />(actual Lebanon)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triparadeisos" title="Triparadeisos">Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Bacchus" title="Temple of Bacchus">Temple of Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Baalbek)" title="Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)">Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_Mount_Hermon" title="Temples of Mount Hermon">Temples of Mount Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_the_Beqaa_Valley" title="Temples of the Beqaa Valley">Temples of the Beqaa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaqbe" title="Aaqbe">Aaqbe temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afqa" title="Afqa">Afqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Aata" title="Ain Aata">Ain Aata temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Harcha" title="Ain Harcha">Ain Harcha roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amioun Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arca Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusti_Pagus_(Roman_Phoenicia)" title="Augusti Pagus (Roman Phoenicia)">Augusti Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakka,_Lebanon" title="Bakka, Lebanon">Bakka temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroumine" title="Batroumine">Batroumine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_Bziza" title="Roman temple of Bziza"> Bziza temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canalizations_of_Zenobia" title="Canalizations of Zenobia">Canalizations of Zenobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakoue" title="Dakoue">Dakoue temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mansouria,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Mansouria, Lebanon">Mansourieh Roman aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbariye" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebbariye">Hebbariye temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaat" title="Iaat">Iaat column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Zabad" title="Kafr Zabad">Kafr Zabad temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_El-Knese" title="Khirbet El-Knese">Khirbet El-Knese roman temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labweh" title="Labweh">Labweh Roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libbaya" title="Libbaya">Libbaya roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Qozhaya" title="Monastery of Qozhaya">Monastery of Qozhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Maron" title="Monastery of Saint Maron">Monastery of Saint Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahle,_Lebanon" title="Nahle, Lebanon">Nahle roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebi_Safa" title="Nebi Safa">Nebi Safa temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niha_Bekaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Niha Bekaa">Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosn_Niha" title="Hosn Niha">Hosn Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalaat_Faqra" title="Qalaat Faqra">Qalaat Faqra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_Bustra" title="Qal'at Bustra">Qal'at Bustra temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_Chbib" title="Qasr Chbib">Castra Chbib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon" title="Qasr el Banat, Lebanon">Castra El Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraain_El_Faouqa" title="Saraain El Faouqa">Saraain El Faouqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shheem" title="Shheem">Schleem roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Colonia Aurelia Pia "Sidon"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temnin_el-Foka" title="Temnin el-Foka">Temnin el-Foka nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripolis in Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyrus</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Necropolis" title="Tyre Necropolis">Tyre Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammoune" title="Yammoune">Roman temple to Venus in Yammoune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Roman_rule" title="Phoenicia under Roman rule">Roman Lebanon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Phoenice (Roman province)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina Secunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Libanensis" title="Phoenice Libanensis">Phoenice Libanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_of_the_Pregnant_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone of the Pregnant Woman">Stone of the Pregnant Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulpianus">Ulpianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Probus" title="Marcus Valerius Probus">Marcus Valerius Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_of_Heliopolis" title="Eudokia of Heliopolis">Eudokia of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Saint Barbara of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coele-Syria" title="Coele-Syria">Coele-Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Lebanon" title="List of cathedrals in Lebanon">List of Christian cathedrals in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon" title="Christianity in Lebanon">Christianity in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lebanon" title="Catholic Church in Lebanon">Catholic Church in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Greek_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral">Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_century_in_Lebanon" title="2nd century in Lebanon">2nd century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_century_in_Lebanon" title="3rd century in Lebanon">3rd century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_century_in_Lebanon" title="4th century in Lebanon">4th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_century_in_Lebanon" title="5th century in Lebanon">5th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_century_in_Lebanon" title="6th century in Lebanon">6th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/551_Beirut_earthquake" title="551 Beirut earthquake">551 Beirut earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> UNESCO World Heritage Sites <sup><small>2</small></sup> Proposed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Category:Roman sites in Lebanon">Category:Roman sites in Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11950672#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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