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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city (苏州市) in Jiangsu. For the city in Anhui, see <a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou (宿州市), Anhui</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Suzhou (disambiguation)">Suzhou (disambiguation)</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Suzhou<a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a> is a major <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> province, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a> <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">megalopolis</a>, it is a major economic center and focal point of trade and commerce. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Suzhou</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">苏州市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Soochow, Sou-tseu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A81.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A81.jpg/960px-%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1150"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gate_to_the_East" title="Gate to the East">Gate to the East</a> at <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park" title="Suzhou Industrial Park">Suzhou Industrial Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhouzhuang_Town_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Zhouzhuang_Town_21.jpg/250px-Zhouzhuang_Town_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Zhouzhuang_Town_21.jpg/330px-Zhouzhuang_Town_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhuang" title="Zhouzhuang">Zhouzhuang Town</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:China_-_Suzhou_-_Garden_of_Cultivation_-_Ravine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_-_Suzhou_-_Garden_of_Cultivation_-_Ravine.jpg/250px-China_-_Suzhou_-_Garden_of_Cultivation_-_Ravine.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_-_Suzhou_-_Garden_of_Cultivation_-_Ravine.jpg/330px-China_-_Suzhou_-_Garden_of_Cultivation_-_Ravine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Cultivation" title="Garden of Cultivation">Garden of Cultivation</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20230328_Skyline_of_Suzhou_High-speed_Rail_New_Town.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20230328_Skyline_of_Suzhou_High-speed_Rail_New_Town.jpg/250px-20230328_Skyline_of_Suzhou_High-speed_Rail_New_Town.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20230328_Skyline_of_Suzhou_High-speed_Rail_New_Town.jpg/330px-20230328_Skyline_of_Suzhou_High-speed_Rail_New_Town.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_HSR_New_Town" title="Suzhou HSR New Town">Suzhou HSR New Town</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E-%E7%95%99%E5%9B%AD-%E5%A5%87%E7%9F%B3_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E-%E7%95%99%E5%9B%AD-%E5%A5%87%E7%9F%B3_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E-%E7%95%99%E5%9B%AD-%E5%A5%87%E7%9F%B3_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lingering_Garden" title="Lingering Garden">Lingering Garden</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Suzhou_locator_map_in_Jiangsu.svg/500px-Suzhou_locator_map_in_Jiangsu.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="756"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Suzhou in Jiangsu</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suzhou is located in China"><img alt="Suzhou is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.833%;left:78.753%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Suzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Suzhou</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Suzhou municipal government): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Suzhou&params=31_18_00_N_120_37_10_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-32">31°18′00″N 120°37′10″E / 31.30000°N 120.61944°E / 31.30000; 120.61944</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">514 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gusu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gusu District">Gusu District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Party Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data">Liu Xiaotao</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Wu Qingwen</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-survey-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,488.42 km2 (3,277.40 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">5,851 km2 (2,259 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2,394.50 km2 (924.52 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,944.4 km2 (1,136.8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,493 km2 (4,824 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020 census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,748,252</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,715,559</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Suzhounese" class="extiw" title="wikt:Suzhounese">Suzhounese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<a href="#cite_note-suzhou.gov.cn-2">[2]</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 2.672 trillion <a href="/wiki/US%24" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 372.2 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 209,652 US$ 29,205</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Time">Beijing Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">215000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">512</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-JS-05</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2015)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.868– very high<a href="#cite_note-hdi-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osmanthus" title="Osmanthus">Osmanthus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor laurel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Regional dialect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" title="Suzhou dialect">Suzhou dialect</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_plates_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="License plates of the People's Republic of China">License plate</a> prefix</th><td class="infobox-data">苏E and 苏U<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suzhou.gov.cn">www.suzhou.gov.cn</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Suzhou</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzhou_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Suzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/90px-Suzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Suzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/135px-Suzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Suzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Suzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="265"></a><div class="infobox-caption">"Suzhou" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:苏州">苏州</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:蘇州">蘇州</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sūzhōu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Su1-chou1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[sú.ʈʂóʊ]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhounese">Suzhounese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sou-tseü</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sû-chû</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sōujāu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sou1-zau1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɔw˥.tsɐw˥]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Soo-ciŭ</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Founded in 514 BC, Suzhou rapidly grew in size by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a>, mostly due to emigration from <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">northern China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> From the 10th century onwards, it has been an important economic, cultural, and commercial center,<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> as well as the largest non-<a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> in the world, until it was overtaken by Shanghai.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXu200016,_72%E2%80%9373,_159-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economic reform">economic reforms began in 1978</a>, Suzhou attained GDP growth rates of about 14% in 35 years.<a href="#cite_note-sz2014-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-xmsz-12">[11]</a> In 2023, Suzhou had 5 million registered residents.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Suzhou is listed as the 48th <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">cities by scientific output</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a> 2022.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> The city is home to universities, including <a href="/wiki/Soochow_University_(Suzhou)" title="Soochow University (Suzhou)">Soochow University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Suzhou University of Science and Technology">Suzhou University of Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong%E2%80%93Liverpool_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong–Liverpool University">Xi'an Jiaotong–Liverpool University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Changshu_Institute_of_Technology" title="Changshu Institute of Technology">Changshu Institute of Technology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-16">[15]</a> The city's tourist attractions include canals, stone <a href="/wiki/Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridges">bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagodas</a>, and gardens. The <a href="/wiki/Classical_Gardens_of_Suzhou" title="Classical Gardens of Suzhou">Classical Gardens of Suzhou</a> were added to the list of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in 1997 and 2000.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Names">1 Names</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Administrative_divisions">3 Administrative divisions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Geography">4 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Location_and_Connectivity">4.1 Location and Connectivity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Topography">4.2 Topography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Hydrology">4.3 Hydrology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Climate">4.4 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Cityscape_and_environment">5 Cityscape and environment</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Classical_Gardens_of_Suzhou">5.1 Classical Gardens of Suzhou</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Temples">5.2 Temples</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Canals_and_Historic_Districts">5.3 Canals and Historic Districts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Resorts_and_natural_reserves">5.4 Resorts and natural reserves</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Skyscrapers">5.5 Skyscrapers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Pan_Gate">5.6 Pan Gate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Baodai_Bridge">5.7 Baodai Bridge</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Tiger_Hill">5.8 Tiger Hill</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Pagodas">5.9 Pagodas</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Museums">5.10 Museums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Hospitals">5.11 Hospitals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Demographics">6 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Economy">7 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Development_zones">7.1 Development zones</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Suzhou_Industrial_Park">7.1.1 Suzhou Industrial Park</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Suzhou_Industrial_Park_Export_Processing_Zone">7.1.2 Suzhou Industrial Park Export Processing Zone</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Suzhou_New_District">7.1.3 Suzhou New District</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Sports">8 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Transportation">9 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Railway">9.1 Railway</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Highways">9.2 Highways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Water_transport">9.3 Water transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Metro">9.4 Metro</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Tram">9.5 Tram</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Bus">9.6 Bus</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Culture">10 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Notable_people">11 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Education">12 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Universities_and_colleges">12.1 Universities and colleges</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Under_construction">12.1.1 Under construction</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#High_schools">12.2 High schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Postgraduate_institutions">12.3 Postgraduate institutions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Others">12.4 Others</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Notes">14 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#References">15 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Works_cited">15.1 Works cited</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#External_sources">16 External sources</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> During the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, a settlement known as Gusu after nearby Mount Gusu (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A7%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:姑">姑</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:苏">苏</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Gūsūshān) became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_states" title="Ancient Chinese states">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wu_(state)" title="Wu (state)">Wu</a>. From this role, it also came to be called Wu as well. In 514 BC, <a href="/wiki/King_Hel%C3%BC_of_Wu" class="mw-redirect" title="King Helü of Wu">King Helü of Wu</a> established a new capital nearby at Helü City and this grew into the modern city. During the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>, Helü City continued to serve as the local seat of government. From the areas it administered, it became known as Wuxian (<abbr title="literally">lit</abbr>. "<a href="/wiki/Wu_County" title="Wu County">Wu County</a>") and Wujun ("<a href="/wiki/Wu_Commandery" title="Wu Commandery">Wu Commandery</a>").<a href="#cite_note-WDL-20">[19]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a>, it was known as Kuaiji after its greatly enlarged commandery, which was named for the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kuaiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Kuaiji">reputed resting place</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yu_the_Great" title="Yu the Great">Yu the Great</a> near modern <a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>. The name "Suzhou" was first officially used for the city in AD 589 during the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>. Su (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%98%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:蘇">蘇</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:苏">苏</a>) in its name is a contraction of the old name Gusu. It refers to "Satisfied place" in the Old Yue language. The zhou <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:州">州</a> originally meant <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(Chinese_administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou (Chinese administrative division)">something like a province or county</a> (cf. <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>), but often came to be used <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymously</a> for the capital of such a region (cf. <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Suzhou is the <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> spelling of the Putonghua pronunciation of the name. Prior to the adoption of pinyin, it was variously <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanized</a> as Soo-chow, Suchow, or Su-chow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1887-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Suzhou, the cradle of <a href="/wiki/Wu_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (region)">Wu culture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> is one of the oldest towns in the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze</a> Basin. By the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a> of the Zhou, local Baiyue tribes named the <a href="/wiki/Gou_Wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gou Wu">Gou Wu</a> are recorded living in the area which would become the modern city of Suzhou. These tribes formed villages on the edges of the hills above the wetlands surrounding <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tai" title="Lake Tai">Lake Tai</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qian</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian">Records of the Grand Historian</a> records traditional accounts that the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> lord <a href="/wiki/Wu_Taibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu Taibo">Taibo</a> established the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Wu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Wu">state of Wu</a> at nearby Wuxi during the 11th century BC, civilizing the local people and improving their agriculture and mastery of irrigation. The Wu court later moved to Gusu within the area of modern Suzhou. In 514 BC,<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> King Helü of Wu relocated his court nearby and called the settlement Helü City after himself. His minister <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zixu" title="Wu Zixu">Wu Zixu</a> was closely involved with its planning and it was this site that grew into present-day Suzhou. The height of his tower on Gusu Hill (Gusutai) passed into Chinese legend. In 496 BC, King Helü was buried at <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Hill,_Suzhou" title="Tiger Hill, Suzhou">Tiger Hill</a>. In 473 BC, Wu was defeated and annexed by <a href="/wiki/State_of_Yue" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Yue">Yue</a>, a kingdom to its southeast; Yue was annexed in turn by <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">Chu</a> in 306 BC. Remnants of the ancient kingdom include pieces of its 2,500-year-old city wall and the gate through it at <a href="/wiki/Pan_Gate" title="Pan Gate">Pan Gate</a>. The city was originally laid out according to a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_urban_planning#Classical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese urban planning">symbolic three-by-three grid of nine squares</a>, with the royal palace occupying the central position.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXu200034%E2%80%9336-27">[26]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Warring States">Warring States</a> period, Suzhou was the seat of Wu <a href="/wiki/County_(China)" title="County (China)">County</a> (吳縣, Wú xiàn) and <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">Commandery</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:吳">吳</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%83%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:郡">郡</a>, Wú jùn). Following the <a href="/wiki/Qin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Empire">Qin Empire</a>'s conquest of the area in 222 BC, it was made the capital of <a href="/wiki/Kuaiji_Commandery" title="Kuaiji Commandery">Kuaiji Commandery</a>, including lands stretching from the south bank of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> to the unconquered interior of <a href="/wiki/Minyue" title="Minyue">Minyue</a> in southern Zhejiang. Amid the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Qin">collapse of the Qin</a>, Kuaiji's governor Yin Tong attempted to organize his own rebellion only to be betrayed and executed by <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Liang" title="Xiang Liang">Xiang Liang</a> and his nephew <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Yu" title="Xiang Yu">Xiang Yu</a>, who launched their own rebellion from the city. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg/220px-Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3316"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 89px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg/220px-Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="89" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg/330px-Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg/440px-Aerial_panorama_of_Suzhou_and_the_Grand_Canal_that_runs_through_it.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial panorama of Suzhou in 2023 and the Grand Canal that runs through it</figcaption></figure> When the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal</a> was completed, Suzhou found itself strategically located on a major trade route.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1887-22">[21]</a> Suzhou served as the regional metropolis of industry and foreign commerce on the southeastern coast of China. During the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, the great poet <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a> constructed the Shantang Canal (better known as "<a href="/wiki/Shantang_Street" title="Shantang Street">Shantang Street</a>") to connect the city with Tiger Hill for tourists. In AD 1035, the <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Confucian_Temple" title="Suzhou Confucian Temple">Suzhou Confucian Temple</a> was founded by famed poet and writer <a href="/wiki/Fan_Zhongyan" title="Fan Zhongyan">Fan Zhongyan</a>. It became a venue for the <a href="/wiki/Keju" class="mw-redirect" title="Keju">imperial civil examinations</a> and then developed into the modern <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou High School">Suzhou High School</a> in the 1910s. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg/250px-Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="3152"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 231px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg/250px-Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="231" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg/330px-Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg/500px-Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_-_Villes_de_la_province_de_Kiang_nan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>"Sou-tcheou-foo" & other towns of "<a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Province" title="Jiangnan Province">Kiang-nan</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Du_Halde" class="mw-redirect" title="Du Halde">Du Halde</a>'s 1736 <a href="/wiki/Description_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Description of China">Description of China</a>, based on accounts by <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China missions">Jesuit missionaries</a></figcaption></figure> After February 1130, riots and unrest disrupted Suzhou.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> In 1356, Suzhou became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shicheng" title="Zhang Shicheng">Zhang Shicheng</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dazhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Dazhou">Wu</a>. In 1367, Zhang's rival <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Zhu Yuanzhang</a> took the city after a 10-month siege. Zhu – who was soon to proclaim himself the first emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> – demolished the old city walls at the center of Suzhou's walled city and imposed crushing taxes on the city and prefecture's powerful families.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Despite the heavy taxation and the forced exile of some prominent citizens' south, Suzhou was soon prosperous again. During the early Ming, Suzhou Prefecture supervised the Yangtze <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">shoals</a> which later became <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chongming_Island" title="Chongming Island">Chongming Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eos-30">[29]</a> For centuries the city, with its surroundings as an economic base, represented an extraordinary source of tax revenue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXu200016-31">[30]</a> When the shipwrecked Korean official <a href="/wiki/Choe_Bu" title="Choe Bu">Choe Bu</a> had a chance to see much of Eastern China from Zhejiang to Liaoning on his way home in 1488, he described Suzhou in his travel report as exceeding every other city.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a>, Suzhou was a prosperous center of the <a href="/wiki/Nanzhili" title="Nanzhili">Nanzhili</a> area controlled by the secondary capital at <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>; <a href="/wiki/Scholar-official" title="Scholar-official">scholar-officials</a> constructed <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou gardens">the area's most famous private gardens</a> during this period in a "<a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangnan (region)">Jiangnan</a> style" copied at the time by <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yu_Garden" title="Yu Garden">Yu Garden</a> and later by parts of the <a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">empress dowager</a> <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Cixi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> occupied the area in 1644 and 1645, it was reorganized as <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Province" title="Jiangnan Province">Jiangnan Province</a>, whose "Right" Governor controlled its eastern <a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">prefectures</a> from Suzhou until the division of Jiangnan into the separate provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui at some point during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taipings</a> captured the city in 1860. Many of its former buildings and gardens were "almost... a heap of ruins"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1887-22">[21]</a> by the time of their recovery by <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon" title="Charles George Gordon">Charles Gordon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ever-Victorious_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ever-Victorious Army">Ever-Victorious Army</a> in November 1863.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> Nonetheless, by 1880, its population was estimated to have recovered to about 500,000,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1887-22">[21]</a> which remained stable for the next few decades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> In the late 19th century, the town was particularly known for its wide range of silks and its Chinese-language publishing industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1887-22">[21]</a> The town was first opened to direct foreign trades by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> ending the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Most_favored_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Most favored nation">most favored nation</a> clauses of earlier <a href="/wiki/Unequal_treaties" title="Unequal treaties">unequal treaties</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Powers">Great Powers</a>. The new expatriates opened a European-and-Chinese school in 1900 and the <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_railway_station" title="Suzhou railway station">Suzhou railway station</a>, connecting it with <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_North_railway_station" title="Shanghai North railway station">Shanghai</a>, opened<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> on 16 July 1906. Just prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, there were 7000 silk looms in operation, as well as a cotton mill and a large trade in rice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:5010px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto;direction:rtl"><a href="/wiki/File:Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="‪Excerpt from Prosperous Suzhou by Xu Yang, small section of a 1225 cm (482 in) panoramic painting of the city in 1759‬"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg/5000px-Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="5000" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="35311" data-file-height="1010"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5000px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg/5000px-Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="5000" data-height="143" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg/7500px-Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg/10000px-Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Prosperous_Suzhou.jpg" title="File:Prosperous Suzhou.jpg"> </a></div>Excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Suzhou" title="Prosperous Suzhou">Prosperous Suzhou</a> by <a href="/wiki/Xu_Yang_(Qing_dynasty)" title="Xu Yang (Qing dynasty)">Xu Yang</a>, small section of a 1225 cm (482 in) panoramic painting of the city in 1759</div></div></div> As late as the early 20th century, much of the city consisted of islands connected by rivers, creeks, and canals to the surrounding countryside.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> Prior to their demolition, the city walls ran in a circuit of about 10 miles (16 km) with four large suburbs lying outside.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-23">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invaded</a> in 1937, and many gardens were again devastated by the end of the war. In the early 1950s, restoration was done on the <a href="/wiki/Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden" title="Humble Administrator's Garden">Humble Administrator's Garden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lingering_Garden" title="Lingering Garden">Lingering Garden</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Jiangsu" title="List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu">List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu</a></div> Suzhou is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu Province, administratively divided into six urban districts and four county-level cities. The city’s urban core, Gusu District, is historically known as the "Old Town" and preserves Suzhou’s iconic canals, classical gardens, and cultural heritage. Established in 2016 through the merger of three former districts (Canglang, Pingjiang, and Jinchang), Gusu remains the political and cultural heart of the city. To the east of Gusu lies Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), a nationally designated economic zone established in 1994 through a landmark China-Singapore partnership.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> To the west, the Suzhou High-Tech District serves as a hub for technology and innovation, founded in 1992. The city’s administrative structure expanded significantly in the 21st century: In 2000, the former Wu County was abolished and split into Xiangcheng District (north) and Wuzhong District (south). In 2012, Wujiang City, a former county-level city, was incorporated as Wujiang District, strengthening Suzhou’s governance over Taihu Lake’s eastern shores.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Suzhou’s economic prosperity is bolstered by its integrated network of county-level cities, which operate with significant autonomy under the prefecture-level administration. These include: Kunshan: A global manufacturing powerhouse and home to China’s first county-level economy to exceed RMB 500 billion GDP (2022).<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Taicang: A major port and hub for over 500 German-invested industries.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Changshu: Known for textiles, machinery, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Mount Yushan).<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Zhangjiagang: A leading ecological city and river port on the Yangtze. Together, Suzhou’s districts and county-level cities form one of China’s most economically dynamic regions, hosting over 16,000 high-tech enterprises (as of 2023) and contributing to around 20% of Jiangsu Province’s GDP.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 600px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Administrative_Division_Suzhou.png/960px-Administrative_Division_Suzhou.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="607" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1820"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 607px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Administrative_Division_Suzhou.png/960px-Administrative_Division_Suzhou.png" data-alt="" data-width="600" data-height="607" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Administrative_Division_Suzhou.png/1200px-Administrative_Division_Suzhou.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <div style="position:absolute; left:190.66666666667px; top:328.66666666667px"><a href="/wiki/Huqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huqiu District">Huqiu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:230.66666666667px; top:388.66666666667px"><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong District">Wuzhong</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:240.66666666667px; top:285.33333333333px"><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangcheng District, Suzhou">Xiangcheng</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:252.33333333333px; top:342px"><a href="/wiki/Gusu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gusu District">Gusu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:260.66666666667px; top:478.66666666667px"><a href="/wiki/Wujiang_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujiang District, Suzhou">Wujiang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:320.66666666667px; top:192px"><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu (city)</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:82px"><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang (city)</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:387.33333333333px; top:335.33333333333px"><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan (city)</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:454px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang (city)</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:287.33333333333px; top:332px"><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park" title="Suzhou Industrial Park">Suzhou Industrial Park</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:44px; top:415.33333333333px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tai" title="Lake Tai">Lake Tai</a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Subdivision </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Simplified Chinese </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Hanyu Pinyin </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Population (<a href="/wiki/Seventh_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Area (km2) </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Density (/km2) </th></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">City Proper </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gusu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gusu District">Gusu District</a> </td> <td align="left">姑苏区 </td> <td align="left">Gūsū Qū </td> <td align="right">2,058,010 </td> <td align="right">372 </td> <td align="right">5,532.28 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">Suburban </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Huqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huqiu District">Huqiu District</a> </td> <td align="left">虎丘区 </td> <td align="left">Hǔqiū Qū </td> <td align="right">832,499 </td> <td align="right">258 </td> <td align="right">3,226.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong District">Wuzhong District</a> </td> <td align="left">吴中区 </td> <td align="left">Wúzhōng Qū </td> <td align="right">1,388,972 </td> <td align="right">672 </td> <td align="right">2,066.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangcheng District, Suzhou">Xiangcheng District</a> </td> <td align="left">相城区 </td> <td align="left">Xiāngchéng Qū </td> <td align="right">891,055 </td> <td align="right">416 </td> <td align="right">2,141.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Wujiang_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujiang District, Suzhou">Wujiang District</a> </td> <td align="left">吴江区 </td> <td align="left">Wújiāng Qū </td> <td align="right">1,545,023 </td> <td align="right">1,093 </td> <td align="right">1,413.56 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">Satellite cities (<a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu City</a> </td> <td align="left">常熟市 </td> <td align="left">Chángshú Shì </td> <td align="right">1,677,050 </td> <td align="right">1,094 </td> <td align="right">1,532.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang City</a> </td> <td align="left">太仓市 </td> <td align="left">Tàicāng Shì </td> <td align="right">831,113 </td> <td align="right">620 </td> <td align="right">1,340.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan City</a> </td> <td align="left">昆山市 </td> <td align="left">Kūnshān Shì </td> <td align="right">2,092,496 </td> <td align="right">865 </td> <td align="right">2,419.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang City</a> </td> <td align="left">张家港市 </td> <td align="left">Zhāngjiāgǎng Shì </td> <td align="right">1,432,044 </td> <td align="right">772 </td> <td align="right">1,854.97 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">Total </td> <td align="right">12,748,252 </td> <td align="right">8,488 </td> <td align="right">1,501.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">Not formal administrative subdivisions – <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park" title="Suzhou Industrial Park">Suzhou Industrial Park</a> & <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_New_District" title="Suzhou New District">Suzhou New District</a> Defunct districts – <a href="/wiki/Canglang_District" title="Canglang District">Canglang District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pingjiang_District" title="Pingjiang District">Pingjiang District</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Jinchang_District" title="Jinchang District">Jinchang District</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Suzhou (coordinates: 31°18′6.1″N 120°34′51.9″E)<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Jiangsu Province, China, situated within the Yangtze River Delta—one of the world’s most economically dynamic regions. The city lies on the Lake Tai Plain, a fertile alluvial basin bordered by Lake Tai (Taihu) to tflrhe southwest, China’s third-largest freshwater lake (2,578 km²),<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> and the Yangtze Riverto the north. Suzhou covers a total area of 8,657.32 square kilometers.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The terrain is predominantly low-lying and flat, crossed by numerous rivers and lakes. The majority of Lake Tai (Taihu)’s surface area lies within Suzhou’s boundaries. Rivers, lakes, and mudflats collectively account for 36.6% of the city’s total land area,<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> solidifying its reputation as a Jiangnan water town (a region south of the Yangtze River renowned for its aquatic landscapes). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location_and_Connectivity">Location and Connectivity</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Location and Connectivity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Proximity to Major Cities: Shanghai: 100 km (62 mi) to the southeast (~30 minutes by high-speed rail). Nanjing: 200 km (124 mi) to the northwest (~1 hour by high-speed rail). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Topography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Suzhou features low-lying and flat terrain, with plains accounting for 53.7% of its total area.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The city belongs to two first-level natural geographic regions: the Yangtze River Delta Plain and the Taihu Lake Plain, which are further divided into four second-level natural zones: Yangtze River Coastal Plain and Sandbar Area, Suxi (Suzhou-Wuxi) Plain Area, Taihu Lake and Lakeside Hilly Area, and Yangcheng-Dianmao Lowland Area. The landform is characterized by gentle plains. Suzhou’s terrain is uniformly low-lying, sloping gradually from west to east. The elevation of its plains ranges between 3–4 meters, while areas around Yangcheng Lake and Wujiang drop to approximately 2 meters. Low mountains and hills are scattered sporadically, typically reaching heights of 100–350 meters, concentrated in the western mountainous regions and Taihu Lake islands. Notable peaks include: Qionglong Mountain (342 meters, the highest), Nanyang Mountain (338 meters), Misty Peak of West Dongting Mountain (336 meters), Moli Peak of East Dongting Mountain (293 meters), Qizi Mountain (294 meters), Tianping Mountain (201 meters), Lingyan Mountain (182 meters), Yuyang Mountain (171 meters), Yushan Mountain (262 meters), Tan Mountain (252 meters).<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hydrology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The ancient city of Suzhou is renowned for its intricate network of rivers, canals, and densely clustered lakes. Notable water bodies include Taihu Lake (太湖) and Caohu Lake (漕湖) in the west; Dianshan Lake (淀山湖) and Chenghu Lake (澄湖) in the east; Kuncheng Lake (昆承湖) in the north; and Yangcheng Lake (阳澄湖), Jinji Lake (金鸡湖), and Dushu Lake (独墅湖) in the central region. The Yangtze River and the Grand Canal traverse the city’s northern area. Water from Taihu Lake flows northward into the Yangtze River and eastward through the Dianmao wetlands (淀泖地区) into the Huangpu River, while the Grand Canal enters from the west at Wangting (望亭) and exits southward at Shengze (盛泽). Historically, the "Three Rivers" (三江) drained directly to the sea, but today their waters merge into the Huangpu River, forming Suzhou’s three major hydrological systems. Crisscrossed by countless waterways, Suzhou is celebrated as the “Water Capital”, “Aquatic City”, and “Jiangnan Water Town”, famously dubbed the “Venice of the East” in the 13th-century The Travels of Marco Polo.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Suzhou has a four-season <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> with hot, humid summers and cool, cloudy, damp winters with occasional snowfall (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Cfa). Northwesterly winds blowing from <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> during winter can cause temperatures to fall below freezing at night, while southerly or southwesterly winds during the summer can push temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F). The hottest temperature recorded since 1951 was at 41.0 °C (106 °F) on 7 August 2013,<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> and the lowest at −9.8 °C (14 °F) on 16 January 1958, though an unofficial record low of −12 °C (10 °F) was recorded on 10 January 1933.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Suzhou (<a href="/wiki/Wujiang,_Suzhou" title="Wujiang, Suzhou">Wujiang District</a>), elevation 5 m (16 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5 (99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3 (102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 (46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 (51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9 (84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 (37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.8 (14.4) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6 (20.1) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5 (31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−9.8 (14.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.5 (2.93) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.1 (2.64) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.3 (3.83) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2 (3.24) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.6 (4.08) </td> <td style="background: #00B700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">212.3 (8.36) </td> <td style="background: #16FF16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.9 (6.14) </td> <td style="background: #2CFF2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.3 (5.56) </td> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.7 (3.81) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9 (2.67) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4 (2.18) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.0 (1.81) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,200.2 (47.25) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">127.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B4B469; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.5 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.7 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.9 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.1 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.2 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.9 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.4 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.5 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.7 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.5 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.3 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,878.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Cityscape_and_environment">Cityscape and environment</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cityscape and environment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lingering_Garden_-_%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E9%99%A2%E6%99%9A%E7%BF%A0%E5%B3%B0_20220904.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lingering Garden"><noscript><img alt="Lingering Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lingering_Garden_-_%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E9%99%A2%E6%99%9A%E7%BF%A0%E5%B3%B0_20220904.jpg/120px-Lingering_Garden_-_%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E9%99%A2%E6%99%9A%E7%BF%A0%E5%B3%B0_20220904.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lingering_Garden_-_%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E9%99%A2%E6%99%9A%E7%BF%A0%E5%B3%B0_20220904.jpg/120px-Lingering_Garden_-_%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E9%99%A2%E6%99%9A%E7%BF%A0%E5%B3%B0_20220904.jpg" data-alt="Lingering Garden" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lingering_Garden_-_%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E9%99%A2%E6%99%9A%E7%BF%A0%E5%B3%B0_20220904.jpg/250px-Lingering_Garden_-_%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E9%99%A2%E6%99%9A%E7%BF%A0%E5%B3%B0_20220904.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lingering_Garden" title="Lingering Garden">Lingering Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Couples_garden_moveable_pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Couple's Retreat Garden"><noscript><img alt="Couple's Retreat Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Couples_garden_moveable_pavilion.jpg/120px-Couples_garden_moveable_pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Couples_garden_moveable_pavilion.jpg/120px-Couples_garden_moveable_pavilion.jpg" data-alt="Couple's Retreat Garden" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Couples_garden_moveable_pavilion.jpg/250px-Couples_garden_moveable_pavilion.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Couple%27s_Retreat_Garden" title="Couple's Retreat Garden">Couple's Retreat Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-04-15_Changmen,_Suzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Changmen at night"><noscript><img alt="Changmen at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg/120px-2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg/120px-2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg" data-alt="Changmen at night" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg/180px-2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg/240px-2017-04-15_Changmen%2C_Suzhou.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Changmen at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzhou_Xuanmiao_Guan_2015.04.23_17-54-47.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xuanmiao Temple"><noscript><img alt="Xuanmiao Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suzhou_Xuanmiao_Guan_2015.04.23_17-54-47.jpg/120px-Suzhou_Xuanmiao_Guan_2015.04.23_17-54-47.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suzhou_Xuanmiao_Guan_2015.04.23_17-54-47.jpg/120px-Suzhou_Xuanmiao_Guan_2015.04.23_17-54-47.jpg" data-alt="Xuanmiao Temple" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suzhou_Xuanmiao_Guan_2015.04.23_17-54-47.jpg/250px-Suzhou_Xuanmiao_Guan_2015.04.23_17-54-47.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Xuanmiao_Temple" title="Xuanmiao Temple">Xuanmiao Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-04-16_Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Humble Administrator's Garden"><noscript><img alt="The Humble Administrator's Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2017-04-16_Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden_01.jpg/120px-2017-04-16_Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2017-04-16_Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden_01.jpg/120px-2017-04-16_Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden_01.jpg" data-alt="The Humble Administrator's Garden" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2017-04-16_Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden_01.jpg/250px-2017-04-16_Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden_01.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden" title="Humble Administrator's Garden">Humble Administrator's Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion Grove Garden"><noscript><img alt="Lion Grove Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg/120px-Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg/120px-Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg" data-alt="Lion Grove Garden" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg/180px-Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg/240px-Lion_Grove_Garden_Suzhou_November_2017_009.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lion_Grove_Garden" title="Lion Grove Garden">Lion Grove Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Youyicun_garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An entrance to the Youyicun Garden"><noscript><img alt="An entrance to the Youyicun Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Youyicun_garden.jpg/120px-Youyicun_garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="1418"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 91px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Youyicun_garden.jpg/120px-Youyicun_garden.jpg" data-alt="An entrance to the Youyicun Garden" data-width="120" data-height="91" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Youyicun_garden.jpg/250px-Youyicun_garden.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An entrance to the Youyicun Garden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzhou%27s_North_Temple_Pagoda.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Beisi Pagoda"><noscript><img alt="Beisi Pagoda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Suzhou%27s_North_Temple_Pagoda.JPG/120px-Suzhou%27s_North_Temple_Pagoda.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Suzhou%27s_North_Temple_Pagoda.JPG/120px-Suzhou%27s_North_Temple_Pagoda.JPG" data-alt="Beisi Pagoda" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Suzhou%27s_North_Temple_Pagoda.JPG/250px-Suzhou%27s_North_Temple_Pagoda.JPG 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Beisi_Pagoda" title="Beisi Pagoda">Beisi Pagoda</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruiguang_Pagoda,_Suzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruiguang Pagoda"><noscript><img alt="Ruiguang Pagoda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ruiguang_Pagoda%2C_Suzhou.jpg/120px-Ruiguang_Pagoda%2C_Suzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ruiguang_Pagoda%2C_Suzhou.jpg/120px-Ruiguang_Pagoda%2C_Suzhou.jpg" data-alt="Ruiguang Pagoda" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ruiguang_Pagoda%2C_Suzhou.jpg/250px-Ruiguang_Pagoda%2C_Suzhou.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pan_Gate" title="Pan Gate">Ruiguang Pagoda</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_Gardens_of_Suzhou">Classical Gardens of Suzhou</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Classical Gardens of Suzhou" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Classical_Gardens_of_Suzhou" title="Classical Gardens of Suzhou">Classical Gardens of Suzhou</a></div> Suzhou is famous for its over 60 <a href="/wiki/Classical_Gardens_of_Suzhou" title="Classical Gardens of Suzhou">Classical Gardens</a>, collectively a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. The city has the most UNESCO-recognized gardens in the world.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden" title="Humble Administrator's Garden">Humble Administrator's Garden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lingering_Garden" title="Lingering Garden">Lingering Garden</a> are among the four most famous classical gardens in China. The <a href="/wiki/Canglang_Pavilion" title="Canglang Pavilion">Canglang Pavilion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lion_Grove_Garden" title="Lion Grove Garden">Lion Grove Garden</a>, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden, respectively representing the garden styles of traditional architecture are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou. Other gardens inscribed on the World Heritage List include the <a href="/wiki/Couple%27s_Retreat_Garden" title="Couple's Retreat Garden">Couple's Retreat Garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Cultivation" title="Garden of Cultivation">Garden of Cultivation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Retreat_and_Reflection_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat and Reflection Garden">Retreat and Reflection Garden</a>. <a href="/wiki/Five_Peaks_Garden" title="Five Peaks Garden">Five Peaks Garden</a> which dates to the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1522–1566) is also located in the Suzhou. Ming painter <a href="/wiki/Wen_Boren" title="Wen Boren">Wen Boren</a> established his home on the site. The original name was Qiayin Shanfang and the garden is located at Changmin West Street.<a href="#cite_note-Dfzb-55">[54]</a> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temples">Temples</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Temples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanshan_Temple" title="Hanshan Temple">Hanshan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiyuan_Temple" title="Xiyuan Temple">Xiyuan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanmiao_Temple" title="Xuanmiao Temple">Xuanmiao Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyanshan_Temple" title="Lingyanshan Temple">Lingyanshan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongyuan_Temple" title="Chongyuan Temple">Chongyuan Temple</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canals_and_Historic_Districts">Canals and Historic Districts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canals and Historic Districts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pingjiang_Road" title="Pingjiang Road">Pingjiang Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shantang_Street" title="Shantang Street">Shantang Street</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road,_Gusu,_Suzhou,_Jiangsu,_China,_215000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg/220px-A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg/220px-A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg/330px-A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg/440px-A_gallery_bridge_in_Pingjiang_Road%2C_Gusu%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu%2C_China%2C_215000.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pingjiang_Road" title="Pingjiang Road">Pingjiang Road</a></figcaption></figure> The Suzhou section of the Jiangnan Canal, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal (China)</a>, includes ten city gates and over 20 stone bridges of traditional design and historic areas that have been well preserved, as well as temples and pavilions. <a href="/wiki/Xinshi_Bridge" title="Xinshi Bridge">Xinshi Bridge</a> is a bridge that has been built over this canal. <a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> There are a full 24 waterways in Suzhou near the Grand Canal.<a href="#cite_note-Suzhou:_China's_Canal_Capital-59">[58]</a> In 2015, both 800-year-old Pingjiang Road Historical Block (平江路) and 1,200-year-old Shantang Street Scenic Area (山塘街) were added to the list of China's "National Historic and Cultural Streets".<a href="#cite_note-en.visitsz.com-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Pingjiang Road runs parallel to the Pingjiang River for 1.5 kilometers and is lined with homes and some teahouses. Shantang Street, over twice as long at 3.8 km, is described by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> as retaining "the alluring qualities of an old canal-side street: whitewashed buildings are completed by red-tasseled lanterns that swing softly in the breeze, adding to the charm of the river bank".<a href="#cite_note-Suzhou:_China's_Canal_Capital-59">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-04-17_Shantang_River,_Suzhou_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg/220px-2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg/220px-2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg/330px-2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg/440px-2017-04-17_Shantang_River%2C_Suzhou_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shantang_Street" title="Shantang Street">Shantang Street</a></figcaption></figure> Boat tours are offered on the waterways of this city that was dubbed the "Venice of the East" by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> because of its criss-crossing canals and stone bridges.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> The Grand Canal (from Beijing to Zhejiang province) is a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resorts_and_natural_reserves">Resorts and natural reserves</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Resorts and natural reserves" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Suzhou Taihu National Tourism and Vacation Zone (苏州太湖国家旅游度假区) is in the western part of Suzhou, 15 km (9 mi) from the city center.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skyscrapers">Skyscrapers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Skyscrapers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Suzhou" title="List of tallest buildings in Suzhou">List of tallest buildings in Suzhou</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Gate_to_the_East" title="Gate to the East">Gate to the East</a> is a 301.8-meter, 74-story skyscraper in Suzhou's central business district, built in 2015 at a cost of US$700 million and is currently the tallest building in Suzhou.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_IFS" title="Suzhou IFS">Suzhou IFS</a> is a 450-meter-tall (1,480 ft) building home to 95 floors near Gate to the East. You can see the tower from Huqiu, which is a special tourist attraction in Suzhou. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pan_Gate">Pan Gate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pan Gate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg/220px-Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg/220px-Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg/330px-Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg/440px-Land_Gate_of_Pan_Men.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Pan Gate</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Pan_Gate" title="Pan Gate">Pan Gate</a> is on the southwest corner of the Main Canal or encircling canal of Suzhou. Originally built during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Warring States">Warring States</a> period in the state of Wu, historians estimate it to be around 2,500 years old. It is now part of the Pan Gate Scenic Area. It is known for the "three landmarks of Pan Gate". They are the <a href="/wiki/Ruiguang_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruiguang Pagoda">Ruiguang Pagoda</a>, the earliest pagoda in Suzhou built in 247 BC, the Wu Gate Bridge, the entrance to the gate at that time over the water passage and the highest bridge in Suzhou at the time, and the Pan Gate. The Ruigang Pagoda is constructed of brick with wooden platforms and has Buddhist carvings at its base. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baodai_Bridge">Baodai Bridge</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Baodai Bridge" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Baodai_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baodai Bridge">Baodai Bridge</a> stretches across the Tantai Lake in the suburbs of Suzhou. To raise money to finance the bridge, the magistrate donated his expensive belt, hence the name. The bridge was first built in 806 A.D. in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> and has 53 arches with a length of 317 meters. It was made out of stone from <a href="/wiki/Jingshan_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingshan Mountains">Jinshan Mountain</a> and is the longest standing bridge of its kind in China. The bridge was included on the list of national monuments (resolution 5–285) in 2001. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tiger_Hill">Tiger Hill</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tiger Hill" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Hill,_Suzhou" title="Tiger Hill, Suzhou">Tiger Hill</a> is known for its natural environment and historical sites. The hill is so named because it is said to look like a crouching tiger. Another legend states that a white tiger appeared on the hill to guard it following the burial The hill has been a tourist destination for hundreds, if not thousands, of years, as is evident from the poetry and calligraphy carved into rocks on the hill. The Song dynasty poet, <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> said, "It is a lifelong pity if having visited Suzhou you did not visit Tiger Hill." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagodas">Pagodas</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pagodas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Huqiu_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Huqiu Tower">Yunyan Pagoda</a> (or Huqiu Tower), built in 961, is a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese pagoda">Chinese pagoda</a> built on Tiger Hill in Suzhou. It has several other names, including the "Leaning Tower of China" (as referred to by historian O.G. Ingles)<a href="#cite_note-ingles_144-67">[66]</a> and the Yunyan Temple Tower. The tower rises to a height of 47 m (154 ft). It is a seven-story octagonal building built with blue bricks. In more than a thousand years the tower has gradually slanted due to forces of nature. Now the top and bottom of the tower vary by 2.32 meters. The entire structure weighs some 7,000,000 kilograms (15,000,000 lb), supported by internal brick columns.<a href="#cite_note-ingles_145-68">[67]</a> However, the tower leans roughly 3 degrees due to the cracking of two supporting columns.<a href="#cite_note-ingles_145-68">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Beisi_Pagoda" title="Beisi Pagoda">Beisi Pagoda</a> or North Temple Pagoda is a Chinese pagoda at Bao'en Temple in Suzhou. It rises nine stories in a height of 76 m (249 ft). It is the tallest Chinese pagoda south of the Yangtze river. <a href="/wiki/Twin_Pagodas_(Suzhou)" title="Twin Pagodas (Suzhou)">Twin Pagodas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 苏州双塔; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 蘇州雙塔) lie in the Dinghui Temple Lane in the southeastern corner of the city proper of Suzhou. They are artistic and natural as they are close at hand. One of them is called "Clarity-Dispensing Pagoda," and the other, the "Beneficence Pagoda"; they are in the same form of architecture. There are many legends about this one-thousand-year-old pagodas. It is charming that the exquisite and straight Twin Pagoda look like two inserted writing brushes. There was originally a single-story house with three rooms just like a writing brush holder with the shadows of the two pagodas reclining on its roof at sunset. To the east of the pagoda is a square five-story bell building built in the Ming dynasty which appears exactly like a thick ink stick. So there is a saying that "the Twin Pagodas are as writing brushes while the bell building as ink stick". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg/220px-%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4605"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg/220px-%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg/330px-%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg/440px-%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%90%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Suzhou Museum, designed by I. M. Pei, is one of the landmarks of Suzhou, combining traditional culture and modern design.</figcaption></figure> The city's major museums include the <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Museum" title="Suzhou Museum">Suzhou Museum</a> (designed by <a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a>), <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Silk_Museum" title="Suzhou Silk Museum">Suzhou Silk Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/China_Kunqu_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="China Kunqu Museum">China Kunqu Museum</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hospitals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As a result of its recent rapid population increase, healthcare demand in Suzhou is increasing rapidly. In July 2019, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a> announced a collaboration with Huici Health Management Co., and the <a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangcheng District, Suzhou">Xiangcheng District</a>, to open the new Huici Medical Center, which will include a 1,000-bed hospital for adult and pediatric patients. Once the hospital is unveiled, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University</a> doctors in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> will be able to provide long-distance health-care services to patients in China through a <a href="/wiki/Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">telemedicine</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (August 2015)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The population of Suzhou is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. The official language of broadcast, instruction, etc. is <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>, although many speak a <a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of Chinese">local dialect</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Suzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhounese">Suzhounese</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Wu_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu languages">Wu</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a>. In addition to American and European expatriates, there is a large <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Korean</a> community in Suzhou. The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Bank_of_Korea" title="Industrial Bank of Korea">Industrial Bank of Korea</a> (IBK) estimated that there were 15,000 Koreans in the municipality in 2014. That year 850 Korean companies operated in Suzhou, and the Koreans made up the largest number of students at the <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Singapore_International_School" title="Suzhou Singapore International School">Suzhou Singapore International School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Population of Suzhou at the end of 2015<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Total population <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>总户籍人口 (persons) </th> <th>Resident population <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">常住人口 (10,000 persons) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Whole municipality</td> <td align="center">6 670 124</td> <td align="center">1061.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Urban area</td> <td align="center">3 412 564</td> <td align="center">549.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gusu District</td> <td>734 362</td> <td>95.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wuzhong District</td> <td>631 602</td> <td>112.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xiangcheng District</td> <td>405 400</td> <td>72.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New & Hi-tech Zone, Huqiu District</td> <td>363 713</td> <td>59.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Industrial Park</td> <td>459 535</td> <td>80.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wujiang District</td> <td>817 952</td> <td>126.68 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a></td> <td align="center">3 257 560</td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Changshu</td> <td>1 068 211</td> <td>151.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhangjiagang</td> <td>922 757</td> <td>125.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kunshan</td> <td>787 031</td> <td>165.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Taicang</td> <td>479 561</td> <td>70.95 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Suzhou's economy is based primarily on its large manufacturing sector—China's first largest(from 2020)—including iron and steel, IT and electronic equipment, and textile products. The city's service sector is notably well-developed, primarily owing to tourism, which brought in a total of RMB 152 billion of revenue in 2013. Suzhou's overall GDP exceeded RMB 1.3 trillion in 2013 (up 9.6 percent from the year previous).<a href="#cite_note-china-briefing.com-73">[72]</a> The city is also one of China's foremost destinations for foreign investment, based on its relative proximity to Shanghai and comparatively low operating costs. The municipal government has enacted various measures to encourage <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">FDI</a> in a number of manufacturing (e.g. pharmaceutical, electronic goods, automobile) and service (e.g. banking, logistics, research services) sectors. Included among these measures is a preferential tax policy for limited partnership venture capital enterprises in the Suzhou Industrial Park.<a href="#cite_note-china-briefing.com-73">[72]</a> Suzhou is a highly developed economic region in China and is the economic centre, industrial, commercial and logistical hub city of Jiangsu province, as well as an important financial, cultural, artistic, educational and transportation centre. <big>Agriculture</big> In 2013, total grain production reached 1,311,200 tonnes, a decrease of 2.9%. Grain supply was effectively guaranteed through the vigorous construction of commodity grain production bases, wholesale grain markets and reserve systems.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <big>Traditional handicrafts</big> Suzhou has a long history of reeling silkworms and has always been an important base for silk production in China. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, Suzhou has been one of the centres of silk weaving and dyeing in the country, and in the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, Suzhou silk was praised as the "clothing of the world".<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_zones">Development zones</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Development zones" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzhou_Industrial_Park,_Suzhou,_Jiangsu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg/250px-Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="1722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg/250px-Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg/330px-Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg/500px-Suzhou_Industrial_Park%2C_Suzhou%2C_Jiangsu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park" title="Suzhou Industrial Park">Suzhou Industrial Park</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suzhou_Industrial_Park">Suzhou Industrial Park</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Suzhou Industrial Park" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park" title="Suzhou Industrial Park">Suzhou Industrial Park</a></div> The Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) is the largest cooperative project between the Chinese and the Singaporean government. It is beside <a href="/wiki/Jinji_Lake" title="Jinji Lake">Jinji Lake</a>, which lies to the east of the Suzhou Old City. On 26 February 1994, Vice Premier <a href="/wiki/Li_Lanqing" title="Li Lanqing">Li Lanqing</a> and Senior Minister <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>, representing China and Singapore respectively, signed an agreement to jointly develop Suzhou Industrial Park (originally called the Singapore Industrial Park). The project officially commenced on 12 May in the same year. SIP has a jurisdiction area of 288 km2 (111 sq mi), of which, the China-Singapore cooperation area covers 80 km2 (31 sq mi) with a planned residential population of 1.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> SIP is home to the Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, an area of universities and higher education institutions, including <a href="/wiki/Soochow_University_(Suzhou)" title="Soochow University (Suzhou)">Soochow University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong-Liverpool_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University">Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University</a>. Suzhou Industrial Park is also a popular residential district for many foreigners who work and live in Suzhou, as well as 'new Suzhou' residents who migrate to the area in search of work opportunities. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg/250px-%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4058" data-file-height="2523"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg/250px-%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A82.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Gate_to_the_East" title="Gate to the East">Gate to the East</a> and Suzhou's Jinji Lake</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suzhou_Industrial_Park_Export_Processing_Zone">Suzhou Industrial Park Export Processing Zone</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Suzhou Industrial Park Export Processing Zone" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Suzhou Industrial Park Export Processing Zone was approved to be established by the government in April 2000, with a planning area of 2.9 km2 (1.1 sq mi). It is in Suzhou Industrial Park set up by China and Singapore. Inside the Export Processing Zone, all the infrastructures are of high standard.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suzhou_New_District">Suzhou New District</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Suzhou New District" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_New_District" title="Suzhou New District">Suzhou New District</a></div> The Suzhou New District was established in 1990. In November 1992, the zone was approved to be the national-level hi-tech industrial zone. By the end of 2007, foreign-invested companies had a registered capital worth of US$13 billion, of which US$6.8 billion was paid in. SND hosts now more than 1,500 foreign companies. Some 40 Fortune 500 companies set up 67 projects in the district.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> The <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Dongwu" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou Dongwu">Suzhou Dongwu</a> currently play in <a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</a>, the second highest level of Chinese professional football competition. The 13,000 seat <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park_Sports_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou Industrial Park Sports Center">Suzhou Industrial Park Sports Arena</a> was one of the venues for the <a href="/wiki/2019_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup">2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg/220px-20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg/220px-20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg/330px-20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg/440px-20230328_Suzhou_%22Heart_of_High-speed_Rail%22.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_HSR_New_Town" title="Suzhou HSR New Town">Suzhou HSR New Town</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Railway" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Suzhou is on the Shanghai-Nanjing corridor which carries three parallel railways. <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_railway_station" title="Suzhou railway station">Suzhou railway station</a>, near the city center, is among the busiest passenger stations in China. It is served by the <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_railway" title="Beijing–Shanghai railway">Beijing–Shanghai railway</a> (mostly "conventional" trains to stations throughout China) and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Nanjing_intercity_railway" title="Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway">Shanghai-Nanjing intercity railway</a> (high-speed D- and G-series trains providing frequent service primarily between Shanghai and Nanjing). It takes only 25 minutes to reach <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_railway_station" title="Shanghai railway station">Shanghai railway station</a> on the fastest G-series trains and less than 1 hour to Nanjing. The <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_North_railway_station" title="Suzhou North railway station">Suzhou North railway station</a>, a few kilometers to the north, is on the <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_high-speed_railway" title="Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway">Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway</a> (opened 2011), served by high-speed trains to Beijing, Qingdao, etc. Other stations on the Beijing–Shanghai railway and the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway serve other points in the same corridor within Suzhou Prefecture-level city, such as Kunshan. In between Suzhou and <a href="/wiki/Kunshan_South_railway_station" title="Kunshan South railway station">Kunshan South railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park_railway_station" title="Suzhou Industrial Park railway station">Suzhou Industrial Park railway station</a> is also an important station for people visiting and living in the areas. The northern part of the prefectural area, including Zhangjiagang, Changshu and Taicang, were the last areas to be connected by rail; the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Suzhou%E2%80%93Nantong_railway" title="Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway">Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway</a> reached there in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-hcp20121224-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Highways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Nanjing-Shanghai_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing-Shanghai Expressway">Nanjing-Shanghai Expressway</a> connects Suzhou with Shanghai, alternatively, there is the Yangtze Riverine Expressway and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou Expressway (page does not exist)">Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou Expressway</a>. In 2005, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou_Outer_Ring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzhou Outer Ring (page does not exist)">Suzhou Outer Ring</a> was completed, linking the peripheral county-level cities of Taicang, Kunshan, and Changshu. <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_312" title="China National Highway 312">China National Highway 312</a> also passes through Suzhou. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_transport">Water transport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Water transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Suzhou" title="Port of Suzhou">Port of Suzhou</a></div> Port of Suzhou, on the right bank of the Yangtze River, dealt with 428 million tons of cargo and 5.86 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEU</a> containers in 2012, which made it the busiest inland river port in the world by annual cargo tonnage and container volume.<a href="#cite_note-XinhuaDaily-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Metro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Rail_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou Rail Transit">Suzhou Rail Transit</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Rail_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou Rail Transit">Suzhou Rail Transit</a> currently has nine lines in operation and one line in construction. The masterplan consists of nine independent lines. <a href="/wiki/Line_1,_Suzhou_Rail_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 1, Suzhou Rail Transit">Line 1</a> started operation on 28 April 2012, <a href="/wiki/Line_2,_Suzhou_Rail_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 2, Suzhou Rail Transit">Line 2</a> started operation on 28 December 2013,<a href="#cite_note-Subway-83">[82]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_4,_Suzhou_Rail_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 4, Suzhou Rail Transit">Line 4</a> started operation in 2017, Suzhou Railway Line 5 began operation in June 2021. Suzhou railway Line 6 finished construction and opened in June of 2024, followed by Line 8 in September and Line 7 in December. The Suzhou rail system is connected with the Shanghai Metro via line 11, where it opened in June 2023. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tram">Tram</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Tram" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg/250px-20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5980" data-file-height="3987"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg/250px-20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg/330px-20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg/500px-20180908_Line_2_Platform_of_Longkang_Road_Station.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Tram" title="Suzhou Tram">Suzhou Tram</a>'s Longkang Road Station</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Tram" title="Suzhou Tram">Suzhou Tram</a></div> The Suzhou Tram system has two routes in the Suzhou New District. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Suzhou has public bus routes that run into all parts of the city. Fares are flat rated, usually 1 Yuan for a non-air-conditioned bus and 2 Yuan for an air-conditioned one.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_BRT" title="Suzhou BRT">Suzhou BRT</a>, a 25-kilometer (16 mi)-long <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system opened in 2008, operates 5 lines using elevated busways and bus-only lanes throughout the city. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YunYanSiPagoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/YunYanSiPagoda.jpg/250px-YunYanSiPagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/YunYanSiPagoda.jpg/250px-YunYanSiPagoda.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/YunYanSiPagoda.jpg/330px-YunYanSiPagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/YunYanSiPagoda.jpg/500px-YunYanSiPagoda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Yunyan Pagoda, or <a href="/wiki/Huqiu_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Huqiu Tower">Huqiu Tower</a>, a tower that is now leaning due to lack of foundational support (half soil, half rock), built during the latter part of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a> era (907–960 AD)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG/250px-Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1380"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG/250px-Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG/330px-Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG/500px-Xi_Shi_bridge_in_town_of_Mudu.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The "xi shi" stone bridge</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a> originated in the Suzhou region, as does the much later <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou Opera">Suzhou Opera</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballad</a>-singing, or Suzhou <a href="/wiki/Pingtan_(artform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingtan (artform)">pingtan</a>, is a local form of storytelling that mixes singing (accompanied by the <a href="/wiki/Pipa" title="Pipa">pipa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanxian" title="Sanxian">sanxian</a>) with portions in spoken dialect.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a>: throughout China's Imperial past, Suzhou silk has been associated with high-quality silk products, supplying silks to ancient royal families. By the 13th century, Suzhou was already the center of the profitable silk trade.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_brocade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Song brocade (page does not exist)">Song brocade</a>: Suzhou Song-style brocade is one of China's three famous brocades, together with Nanjing Yun brocade and Sichuan Shu brocade.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> This Song-style brocade, made of silk, has a thin yet strong material with flashy colors, exquisite patterns, and soft texture.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Suzhou's brocade production can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties">Five Dynasties</a>. It prospered in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. After the government moved the capital southward, the country's political and cultural center moved to the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> River area.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Cuisine</a>: Suzhou cuisine (苏帮菜), which is part of <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu cuisine</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Yangcheng_Lake_large_crab" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangcheng Lake large crab">Yangcheng Lake large crab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squirrel_fish" title="Squirrel fish">Squirrel fish</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">Handicrafts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_embroidery" title="Suzhou embroidery">Suzhou embroidery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">fans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese musical instruments">Chinese musical instruments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a> mounting, <a href="/wiki/Lantern" title="Lantern">lanterns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a> furniture, <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> carving, <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a>, traditional painting pigments of Jiangenxutang Studio, the New Year's wood-block prints of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taohuawu_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taohuawu Studio (page does not exist)">Taohuawu Studio</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Calligraphic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Silk_Hand_Embroidery_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou Silk Hand Embroidery Art">Suzhou Silk Hand Embroidery Art</a></li> <li>Suzhou is the original place of "<a href="/wiki/Mo_Li_Hua" title="Mo Li Hua">Jasmine</a>", a song sung by Chinese singers or actresses thousands of times on the occasions of almost every important meetings or celebrations. Jasmine is the symbol of Suzhou as well as Tai Hu Lake.</li> <li>Suzhou Gardens: Gardens in Suzhou have an ancient history. The first garden in Suzhou belonged to the emperor of Wu State in Spring and Autumn period (600 BC). More than 200 gardens existed in Suzhou between the 16th and 18th centuries. Gardens in Suzhou were built according to the style of Chinese paintings. Every view in a garden can be seen as a piece of Chinese painting and the whole garden is a huge piece of Chinese paintings. At present, the Humble Administrator's Garden, built in 16th, is the largest private garden in Suzhou. It belonged to by Wang Xianchen, an imperial censor. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Suzhou embroidery together with embroidery of Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong are called as the "Four Famous Embroideries". Suzhou tapestry method is done in fine silks and gold thread. Other art forms found in this area are sculpture, Song brocade, jade and rosewood carving. Suzhou embroidery, acknowledged as a cultural heritage, has involved many cultural practitioners in advancing technology and skills with ICH-resources to better engage in economic pursuits.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a></li> <li>The Suzhou Museum has a rich collection of relics from many eras. The collection includes revolutionary records, stele carving, folk customs, drama and verse, Suzhou embroidery, silk cloth, gardens, coins and Buddhist artifacts.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a></li> <li>Wedding gowns<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Suzhou" title="List of people from Suzhou">List of people from Suzhou</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_(Three_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms)">Lu Xun</a> (陆逊) (183–245) military general and politician of the state of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> era, most famous for his defeat of <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiaoting" title="Battle of Xiaoting">Battle of Xiaoting</a>. <a href="/wiki/Feng_Menglong" title="Feng Menglong">Feng Menglong</a> (冯梦龙) (1574–1645) famous vernacular writer and poet of the late <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tang_Yin" title="Tang Yin">Tang Yin</a> (唐寅) (1470–1524) one of the most renowned painter in China history, calligrapher, and poet of the Ming dynasty, better known by his courtesy name <a href="/wiki/Tang_Bohu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang Bohu">Tang Bohu</a> (Chinese: 唐伯虎)<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wen_Zhengming" title="Wen Zhengming">Wen Zhengming</a> (文徵明) (1470–1559) painter and poet of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Wu_School" title="Wu School">Wu School</a> (Chinese: 吴门画派), one of <a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Masters of the Ming Dynasty">Four Masters of the Ming Dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Weng_Tonghe" title="Weng Tonghe">Weng Tonghe</a> (翁同龢) (1830–1904) Chinese Confucian scholar and imperial tutor of the <a href="/wiki/Tongzhi_Emperor" title="Tongzhi Emperor">Tongzhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu</a> emperors in the late <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, who is one of the most obdurate old guard defending the traditional <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> practices while being stubbornly against reform efforts to westernise the country.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a> (贝聿铭) (1917–2019) One of the best architects in China history, being recognised as the 'last master of high modernist architecture',<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> famous for his design of <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Pyramid" title="Louvre Pyramid">Louvre Pyramid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_Tower_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)">Hong Kong Bank of China tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCBC_Centre" title="OCBC Centre">Singapore OCBC Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">East Building of National Gallery of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Historisches_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Historisches Museum">Germany Historical Museum</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cheng_Kaijia" title="Cheng Kaijia">Cheng Kaijia</a> (程开甲) (1918–2018) A nuclear physicist and engineer. One of the key figure in China's nuclear weapons development and a founding father of the <a href="/wiki/Two_Bombs,_One_Satellite" title="Two Bombs, One Satellite">Two Bombs, One Satellite</a> project. <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a> (李政道) (1926–2024) Physicist, who won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1957 at the age of 30, for his work on the violation of the parity law in weak interactions.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meng_Jianzhu" title="Meng Jianzhu">Meng Jianzhu</a> (孟建柱) (1947–) Politician, former member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> and Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_colleges">Universities and colleges</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Universities and colleges" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SuDa_clock_building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SuDa_clock_building.JPG/250px-SuDa_clock_building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SuDa_clock_building.JPG/250px-SuDa_clock_building.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SuDa_clock_building.JPG/330px-SuDa_clock_building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SuDa_clock_building.JPG/500px-SuDa_clock_building.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soochow_University_(Suzhou)" title="Soochow University (Suzhou)">Soochow University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg/250px-Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg/250px-Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg/330px-Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg/500px-Duke_Kunshan_University_Academic_Building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Duke_Kunshan_University" title="Duke Kunshan University">Duke Kunshan University</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changshu_Institute_of_Technology" title="Changshu Institute of Technology">Changshu Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Kunshan_University" title="Duke Kunshan University">Duke Kunshan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEDGE_Business_School" title="KEDGE Business School">KEDGE Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Social_University" title="Jiangnan Social University">Jiangnan Social University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_University" title="Jiangsu University">Jiangsu University</a> Zhangjiagang Campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University of China</a> Suzhou Campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skema_Business_School" title="Skema Business School">Skema Business School</a> – Chinese campus of the French business school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soochow_University_(Suzhou)" title="Soochow University (Suzhou)">Soochow University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Polytechnic_Institute_of_Agriculture" title="Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture">Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Suzhou University of Science and Technology">Suzhou University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong-Liverpool_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University">Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou_City_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzhou City University (page does not exist)">Suzhou City University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Under_construction">Under construction</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Under construction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a> Suzhou Campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Polytechnical University</a> Taicang Campus</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_schools">High schools</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: High schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changshu_High_School" title="Changshu High School">Changshu High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_College_Suzhou" title="Dulwich College Suzhou">Dulwich College Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_International_High_School_Suzhou" title="Dulwich International High School Suzhou">Dulwich International High School Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan_Senior_High_School" title="Kunshan Senior High School">Kunshan Senior High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SIP_Experimental_Middle_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SIP Experimental Middle School (page does not exist)">SIP Experimental Middle School</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9B%AD%E5%8C%BA%E6%98%9F%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="zh:苏州工业园区星海实验中学">zh</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Experimental_High_School" title="Suzhou Experimental High School">Suzhou Experimental High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou High School">Suzhou High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Singapore_International_School" title="Suzhou Singapore International School">Suzhou Singapore International School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou_No.1_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzhou No.1 High School (page does not exist)">Suzhou No.1 High School</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="zh:苏州市第一中学">zh</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_No.10_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou No.10 High School">Suzhou No.10 High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou_Wuxian_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzhou Wuxian High School (page does not exist)">Suzhou Wuxian High School</a> (苏州吴县中学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang_Senior_High_School" title="Taicang Senior High School">Taicang Senior High School</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uwcchina.org/en">United World College (UWC) Changshu China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenze_Middle_School" title="Zhenze Middle School">Zhenze Middle School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangsu_Province_Mudu_senior_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangsu Province Mudu senior High School (page does not exist)">Jiangsu Province Mudu senior High School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postgraduate_institutions">Postgraduate institutions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Postgraduate institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University-Monash_University_Joint_Graduate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast University-Monash University Joint Graduate School">Southeast University-Monash University Joint Graduate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Dushu_Lake_Higher_Education_Town" title="Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town">Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a> and Fudan Joint Graduate School, Nanjing University Graduate School, etc.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Others" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Suzhou" title="Japanese School of Suzhou">Japanese School of Suzhou</a></li> <li>Overseas Chinese Academy Chiway Suzhou (苏州工业园区海归人才子女学校)<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Suzhou" title="Port of Suzhou">Port of Suzhou</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/suːˈdʒoʊ/</a>;<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 苏州; <a href="/wiki/Suzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhounese">Suzhounese</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">sou¹ tseu¹</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">[səu˦ tsøʏ˦]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[sú.ʈʂóʊ]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Postal_romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal romanization">previously romanized</a> as Soochow</li></ul></div> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-survey-1"><a href="#cite_ref-survey_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suzhou.sz2500.com/english/Survey/pic/d.jpg">"Table showing land area and population"</a>. Suzhou People's Government. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071202082747/http://suzhou.sz2500.com/english/Survey/pic/d.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+showing+land+area+and+population&rft.pub=Suzhou+People%27s+Government&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuzhou.sz2500.com%2Fenglish%2FSurvey%2Fpic%2Fd.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-suzhou.gov.cn-2"><a href="#cite_ref-suzhou.gov.cn_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suzhou.gov.cn/szsenglish/News/202502/fca5eaff07ba42d5a0be05013d94c3c6.shtml">"Official data released recently by the Suzhou government"</a>. Suzhou Government.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suzhou+Government&rft.atitle=Official+data+released+recently+by+the+Suzhou+government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suzhou.gov.cn%2Fszsenglish%2FNews%2F202502%2Ffca5eaff07ba42d5a0be05013d94c3c6.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-hdi-3"><a href="#cite_ref-hdi_3-0">^</a> Calculated using data from Suzhou Statistics Bureau. Life Expectancy Index = 0.9672, Education Index = 0.8244, Income Index = 0.868. Refs: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuzhou_Bureau_of_Statistics_(苏州市统计局Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Suzhou Bureau of Statistics (苏州市统计局). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztjj.gov.cn/tjnj/sqsl2016.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">2016年苏州市情市力</bdi></a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314152243/http://www.sztjj.gov.cn/tjnj/sqsl2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E6%83%85%E5%B8%82%E5%8A%9B&rft.au=Suzhou+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztjj.gov.cn%2Ftjnj%2Fsqsl2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://js.qq.com/a/20160928/006632.htm"><bdi lang="zh">新建改扩建410所学校苏州教育有"国际范"</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314071345/http://js.qq.com/a/20160928/006632.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%94%B9%E6%89%A9%E5%BB%BA410%E6%89%80%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1+%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%9C%89%22%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%8C%83%22&rft.pub=Tencent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjs.qq.com%2Fa%2F20160928%2F006632.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003125905/http://news.2500sz.com/news/szxw/2016-4/22_2912184.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">苏州人均期望寿命高于北京上海癌症仍是"头号杀手"</bdi></a>. 城市商报. 22 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.2500sz.com/news/szxw/2016-4/22_2912184.shtml">the original</a> on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9B%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%8E%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7+%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87%E4%BB%8D%E6%98%AF%22%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B7%E6%9D%80%E6%89%8B%22&rft.date=2016-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.2500sz.com%2Fnews%2Fszxw%2F2016-4%2F22_2912184.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://js.xhby.net/system/2018/10/24/030887673.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">苏U号牌来了！苏州将成江苏首个启用双号牌的城市</bdi></a>. 交汇点. 24 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192052/http://js.xhby.net/system/2018/10/24/030887673.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018. 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SUNY Press, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-1423-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-1423-X">0-7914-1423-X</a>, 9780791414231. </li> <li id="cite_note-eos-30"><a href="#cite_ref-eos_30-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx#50">"Chongming County" in the Encyclopedia of Shanghai, pp. 50 ff.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110191937/http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx">Archived</a> 10 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers (Shanghai), 2010. 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Retrieved 24 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+City+in+China+Has+the+Most+Unesco-Recognized+Gardens+in+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Ftravel%2Fcity-china-has-most-unesco-gardens-world-180969293%2F%237QY0MzjWofbtZdWG.99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dfzb-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Dfzb_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301220516/http://www.dfzb.suzhou.gov.cn/dfwh/177225.htm">"Huiyin Garden and Wufeng garden"</a>. Dfzb Suzhou. Suzhou Local Chronicles Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfzb.suzhou.gov.cn/dfwh/177225.htm">the original</a> on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 15 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dfzb+Suzhou.&rft.atitle=Huiyin+Garden+and+Wufeng+garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfzb.suzhou.gov.cn%2Fdfwh%2F177225.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitourchina.com/suzhou/attraction/the-grand-canal.html">"The Grand Canal"</a>. Visit Our China. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126203831/http://www.visitourchina.com/suzhou/attraction/the-grand-canal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Our+China&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Canal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitourchina.com%2Fsuzhou%2Fattraction%2Fthe-grand-canal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinadiscovery.com/jiangsu/suzhou/grand-canal.html">"Suzhou Grand Canal – Golden Waterway in China"</a>. China Discovery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126180858/https://www.chinadiscovery.com/jiangsu/suzhou/grand-canal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Discovery&rft.atitle=Suzhou+Grand+Canal+%E2%80%93+Golden+Waterway+in+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadiscovery.com%2Fjiangsu%2Fsuzhou%2Fgrand-canal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGang_Xu2013" class="citation book cs1">Gang Xu (11 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nShTAQAAQBAJ&q=Suzhou+section+of+the+Jiangnan+Canal+tourism&pg=PA47">Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe</a>. 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Retrieved 16 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homepage+%E2%80%93+OCAC+Suzhou+%E2%80%93+%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9B%AD%E5%8C%BA%E6%B5%B7%E5%BD%92%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1&rft.pub=OCAC+Suzhou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocac-suzhou.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Works cited" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1887" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1887), <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Su-chow">"Su-chow" </a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, vol. 22 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 617</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Su-chow&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=617&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Su-chow">"Su-chow" </a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, vol. 26 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 7</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Su-chow&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=7&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXu2000" class="citation book cs1">Xu, Yinong (2000). The Chinese City in Space and Time: The Development of Urban Form in Suzhou. <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824820763" title="Special:BookSources/9780824820763"><bdi>9780824820763</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+City+in+Space+and+Time%3A+The+Development+of+Urban+Form+in+Suzhou&rft.place=Hawaii&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780824820763&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Yinong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuzhou" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="External_sources">External sources</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/suzhou.htm">Economic profile for Suzhou</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Suzhou" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Suzhou">Suzhou</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Suzhou#Q42622" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Suzhou">Suzhou</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.traveltosuzhou.com/">Official Resource</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180811130607/https://www.traveltosuzhou.com/">Archived</a> 11 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for English-speaking travelers</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041023081714/http://www.suzhou.gov.cn/">Official website</a> for Suzhou's municipal government</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suzhou.jiangsu.net">Suzhou city guide with open directory</a> (Jiangsu Network)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/4430941">Suzhou</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&oldid=1282912589">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&oldid=1282912589</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Suzhou&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 29 March 2025, at 10:14 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou,_Jiangsu" title="Suzhou, Jiangsu – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suzhou, Jiangsu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="سوجو (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوجو (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C" title="সুচৌ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুচৌ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%CD%98-chiu-chh%C4%AB" title="So͘-chiu-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="So͘-chiu-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Сучжоў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сучжоў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Суджоу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суджоу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_Shi_(prepektura_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina,_Jiangsu_Sheng)" title="Suzhou Shi (prepektura sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, Jiangsu Sheng) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Suzhou Shi (prepektura sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, Jiangsu Sheng)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-%C4%8Dou" title="Su-čou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Su-čou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_(Jiangsu)" title="Suzhou (Jiangsu) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Suzhou (Jiangsu)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_Shi_(Jiangsu)" title="Suzhou Shi (Jiangsu) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suzhou Shi (Jiangsu)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Σουτσόου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουτσόου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C4%9Do%C5%ADo" title="Suĝoŭo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suĝoŭo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%98%D9%88" title="سوژو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوژو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BB-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sû-chû-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sû-chû-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%91%A4%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="쑤저우시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쑤저우시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B9%D5%AA%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Սուչժոու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուչժոու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8A" title="सूझोऊ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूझोऊ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Сучжоу – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сучжоу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95" title="סוג'ואו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוג'ואו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="სუჭოუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუჭოუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucheum" title="Sucheum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sucheum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C5%BEou_(Dzjansu)" title="Sudžou (Dzjansu) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sudžou (Dzjansu)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C5%BEou" title="Sudžou – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sudžou" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szucsou" title="Szucsou – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szucsou" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Суџоу – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Суџоу" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9D%E0%B5%97" title="സുഝൗ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുഝൗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C" title="सूचौ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सूचौ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88" title="سوزو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوزو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AD-ci%C5%AD" title="Sŭ-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sŭ-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Сучжоу – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сучжоу" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Сүжоу – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сүжоу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_(Jiangsu)" title="Suzhou (Jiangsu) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Suzhou (Jiangsu)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="蘇州市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蘇州市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83_(%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83)" title="Сучжоу (Цзянсу) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сучжоу (Цзянсу)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_i_Jiangsu" title="Suzhou i Jiangsu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Suzhou i Jiangsu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchjou" title="Suchjou – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suchjou" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82" title="ਸੂਜ਼ੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੂਜ਼ੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucheu" title="Sucheu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sucheu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Сучжоу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сучжоу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Сучжоу – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сучжоу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%98%DB%86%D9%88" title="سوژۆو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سوژۆو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Суџоу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суџоу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B" title="சுசோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுசோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7" title="ซูโจว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูโจว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Сучжоу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сучжоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88" title="سوژوو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوژوو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%AC%DB%87_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="سۇجۇ شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇجۇ شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Tô Châu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tô Châu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="蘇州市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蘇州市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Suzhou" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="苏州市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏州市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E" title="蘇州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="苏州市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏州市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" 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table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 6,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB9\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite dictionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 55,\n [\"Classical Gardens of Suzhou\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 14,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-cmn\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-yue\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Ill\"] = 2,\n [\"Image label\"] = 11,\n [\"Image label begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label end\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Jiangsu\"] = 1,\n [\"Jiangsu topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 34,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 7,\n [\"Main\"] = 9,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Metropolitan cities of China\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-08-08T20:10:51Z","dateModified":"2025-03-29T10:14:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%A81.jpg","headline":"prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, China, former capital of the kingdom of Wu"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-mw-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>