CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '926bacbe0e4181fe',cH: 'fcVik_lZ1.lwSNiv5uuDohbC7pmplmmhcYerEzpQfAw-1743044817-1.2.1.1-6kMT5IsxgmKXN3vPeem9yqWlr_325Ji5hUOo5kQpDNPf2dsJXa0TBcea8wfC1rNi',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00472336.2019.1688378?__cf_chl_tk=DW9_PJv2NA3F_wD3YZos0XxPPZkxfJrQn5K2c9uYlDo-1743044817-1.0.1.1-8QRWqALAKVW8jBtNkEpu5GpH8tot7brmwZttakw5xD0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743044817',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00472336.2019.1688378?__cf_chl_f_tk=DW9_PJv2NA3F_wD3YZos0XxPPZkxfJrQn5K2c9uYlDo-1743044817-1.0.1.1-8QRWqALAKVW8jBtNkEpu5GpH8tot7brmwZttakw5xD0",md: "GnekHfmbpdaVCqaCB5Dwb8zeWfDiPJSUAV1hGZSYODY-1743044817-1.2.1.1-CAUNEPhVhp6vj54CFSqdlJCru5Tnpm8ZtL.Mslu6_Hx9MjXL14.gb.XR15mJNumLRiHUywAJbfo.ejslPLckX7Jra6q7C0pQKmB.IJCcCOmQWkW5zzQVxIW8ahS4xmdxLncd.GwmrwFQquJ8hW4.ojbS5TkKHuedzOJ8gmDJNhZkoVEx0B6iTB.H8KEG5cGuNzjZu1C_QKzBE5bLz94wCaER5wE1czEF3Xj63pEuQMNFnX9qc0Y5m0MHloK2cZS7teBAGdb..7mL5pP1KLGZdTxuesRQ71aNz0HcodfJAGoD9CwvECsmNgw_IEYI9nm89w0vX3o84Usyft7JC1fKT.gd.xuoG66p8pXGi6Tj03Cr.Ujzccp0.QlRQuUTNUnDGK8hrg5vMNdtpGTRJOGd5F7DdPMwBvPH8R8xd_Xkt7LSSIlRlaFH.HrougHjXcF3Oj3kNLoHHPUQFYv3raBtKn5h4fRAgv7tWTVxUo7_ToboOfZlWEouHiT601TFi1kBB2thddLl.8gabkvZ5CQYIngXenpoj96UXPV20ShbkpNnybw5igvhHBrS9assI0I8EbxAbe7LVV8FsJar2hFuAp7gsRPM3xjZwnn3XQ1y6i7MA.AiSo9K0IYZy2WQ9kqqpE6w0kKaCk.UJcClC39qOf2jGuleA4Q_DkslmTOzjiRa3I3cfLIuG_YVL1Kt8Rr7Pyer0cg65Hwhn43KSza0MJlOaC0xKmJu6ZR8EyaMYgR61EBWR3QR7qStLoPrwsTufyZ6TcjaQ00U3rXN0iYmmd5x14mzxpaEwUi.EFIzkJ43779qHReUUlKNYLo7AqL7zyZ..9K1DPeXyztfbVM0hHyisFS4Kn4jgpFTl9CiM7f.r3cu3neUaHOLDL9KJx4ihYP6R3e3Unqg_OAWi4LZ2pXAOw1fl1qj2sIkHbLLOgImExeY9dr9OTYSlvO0eiqfzWhmlpS.A_rQHPhlYaqQ3WCA_m5659R5zLyGjdv.B7I31k03B7Rewnk7mfvvv1RVTWwEXBQ3lSs_Yb43mGfm9_M3CtlnG27f0voOwMVzu_1XwNkMBeeVwRTRSL4ZW2o4F736n5v16UvDW62UtzKYes56tGHR6PqIqTXShOQ5pb0zELc42XvJzevmZ9omYcfE.XdDH9yNqxQSSnvOEbbHAUf7Ib_v.lO5mrHQXtunqh.lZP4GIBiYfpNmtjHdejbxacpGBbLi2efPKgtCu8tM2Uu589KWK2ngg6h8cSGdP0AYOMTSK6buWUoef7f8_sesKr6qw0i8wWdgmvHb9svOqBf0Exe_2X_8Oaw93Usqqds",mdrd: "t8Jbswweidx46pHOOF38WZQgljw74DVFp8HNQFaWPV8-1743044817-1.2.1.1-SKq_TtFe8FzAAUpPE0JNpgxvQp4c0j6hZazzPlRTehmz64fQ2dBzmxu94IH0AMrZlqF1glgvh1mUD6Pbw4R8LBQuYQBtWcqMoXN.1rk81de4XfQTK.r5LRV3CYzLRjXWtIwgaOCQgohHrvA9dKvvJCre.KkcY0dgfTbL4IxjhbFb.AOI2puHoWmvsjhkCInu7Np17CyT6iUgd59dewE0VLLEOO3GsAlr1gi8ConcYIvMf4oMhv3GgIKPNkty7qEHwnEyH6p50u76l_MDjX1aQKtbj7NbrMP_50E8ezd7rb8iAlRGJliRxu_gij8qQ4I03ydx7Z4ZsEiVkCpyQHb5.PN1xOJA.is0mwvUUyxiFqIROkmOtATGeU1N2LXxro47NF5kWbXbtHAw3ByqlM9go.UEVZsgRV8lS13mmODjDp8XS3PA9S1oSRbFEutbKzdMmZvxeB4cnIxA7PZ48WWUsLYfXBuo5K5Wilm9U81ql4RA1EkbWJCygT20l1Wj4p9cCkdKBLVb3rHnQ2yulQWhx7SQI1nR4WvblU3dOr5MoBG8fds935SEYjKjdSBseZw1.szNl2TcVH5VI3nakRP2xaDa591Cw8BAzL3AZ0rbg4gSghkrmmlGExgsFprEi399ZHIIpngn1CJsFg8wVqgPyC_3Im3j4nnmeyYPose_0YEjxuio4dE5M1s7s5BG23VBTMMJdu7gda5DpNWdOMnz58c96l_iKrF_FRWFxWEE7COCENmpvt_KoKvaIJXz7CnietYSPZIBkx4jNV6zf59xgoL8H7AT.crKKfXKsdr.Hfti5aG_cbHYNilPOLQ600rtSBW.xHMU.LHsmDUoKwYp7ycJdaNtSfcRpQrOfAcANbJTiigXWmz2S9NF9mTbITmfIKwtYuswqJVWPvO71HHGqz9.qt8nE2LaeAYsBrM0J8.NyETOxvZkpY9LzooDYixfk4X9yMUGYxBi7neY6bTxbwcYOP68n9c3ctB52Q_ouyIqHxb3G_7RbLFlVrtM9Sz_tSBDurIBgWDZ.qUyqsXNKxI6GoHYm4c46DWuqH6x0psKryHax8H44TxKgD3o.Rr5iraNRlTMmEzm5c3GLOASqw_JkdBIZv8v_DznblqUxWatmL4eRvPxGOCyMOY_iDzzRr5rLBdy9HU96GPL7t47OAg0Ifjp.5Rd4_iTCM7PNzQ4WtHae8Vau8zvxwDf2a1NLUYkc6hUSnHvDrwx28fTsH2cmzaNlTyR.2yDs0dzfo9aDcCSASxHLwZ0yo25x_UY.ccz9fNb4JimsaAI5bUXPq9pJSrNn6k5KjpKkODyip_Z6AdQjog0IrhH6EIAArbEECTz4AT2z3OCu5eSkxLbXarMyr.1zfySZwEe3KAo8ORoI.xRA9jKLH82pUPWwozz0Q6HVhM9N.mcegIqjgjCK5Zk8acwnf4gXGAgimguJrMh5rm75hOeeqkMpdgmDR23m0.8ECBm2QdgiuK5wf193eSWkEEbRixFXnCyEQj1xxHpaIzMzijklm.UAlpwE82Zm8f1z86702opg_MfUcyKlS2JXOZgN6QE76l3jShoMu3keFXFEed.3wNQr2sf4Yo6IEZPTgEyWh27liQIsKtuwX03.zneKisFZweV1reMc9UzGVmH0CYLm6sd.k5.ds8BV9KWMoiIWwBtLV9hhAPbTXmQd09iJ2r1L5THlLb2E77FQVLQ5nkh7MoeuzHAErilFlgJWuYcCJALk2INuhT0oSgH6rqbkAUXPu4cffvBU82I1SD5u3t.yqW7E_8yUdHRubkQz_qLVG84aepK22qkqcRiJVYFupWVxTus7qGtUhJYRExAnpDgQU5C4_qFVGt7qss8ArpGIe3Dtg4pZwSorV7AGXCbJFszFygTvNZjGh5t2LkbLe4po_UiElst.Dv3h0wZ3n_zpAp6Dl07osD9fs0F9qGf.p2XsqcHV63rCSEzfd9YhyjlB0SsaTcXIqXWiiz_UxD5Z.lpQwJVzaSbh1Eyqtm6RKwibpqIj5LedyjOdmiK2or_nDeSKrao6aQ6fTtwD8IQdkrTaFQXQBDwAQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=926bacbe0e4181fe';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00472336.2019.1688378?__cf_chl_rt_tk=DW9_PJv2NA3F_wD3YZos0XxPPZkxfJrQn5K2c9uYlDo-1743044817-1.0.1.1-8QRWqALAKVW8jBtNkEpu5GpH8tot7brmwZttakw5xD0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>