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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vacuum ejector</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%AE%D8%A9)" title="شفاطة (مضخة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شفاطة (مضخة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Водна помпа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Водна помпа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_de_buit" title="Trompa de buit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trompa de buit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstrahlpumpe" title="Wasserstrahlpumpe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasserstrahlpumpe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba_Venturi" title="Bomba Venturi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bomba Venturi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آسپیراتور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسپیراتور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompe_%C3%A0_eau" title="Trompe à eau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trompe à eau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%9D%ED%84%B0" title="진공 이젝터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진공 이젝터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator" title="Aspirator – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aspirator" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirilo" title="Aspirilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aspirilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(pompa)" title="Aspirator (pompa) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aspirator (pompa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Аспиратор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аспиратор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator" title="Aspirator – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aspirator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="アスピレーター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスピレーター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A5lepumpe" title="Strålepumpe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strålepumpe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompka_wodna" title="Pompka wodna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pompka wodna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_de_v%C3%A1cuo" title="Trompa de vácuo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trompa de vácuo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Гидроструйный насос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидроструйный насос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator" title="Aspirator – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aspirator" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(pumpa)" title="Aspirator (pumpa) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Aspirator (pumpa)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(pumpa)" title="Aspirator (pumpa) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aspirator (pumpa)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejektori" title="Ejektori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ejektori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejektorpump" title="Ejektorpump – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ejektorpump" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirat%C3%B6r" title="Aspiratör – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aspiratör" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of ejector-jet pump</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aspirator_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aspirator (disambiguation)">Aspirator (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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/></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Vacuum_ejector" title="Talk:Vacuum ejector">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Vacuum+ejector%22">"Vacuum ejector"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Vacuum+ejector%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vacuum+ejector%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vacuum+ejector%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vacuum+ejector%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vacuum+ejector%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Aspirator</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspirator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aspirator.jpg/220px-Aspirator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="555" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Aspirator.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="598" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A brass aspirator. The water inlet and outlet are at the top and bottom, respectively; the air inlet is on the side.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Eductor-jet pump,<br /><a href="/wiki/Injector" title="Injector">injector</a>/ejector,<br />filter pump,<br />Venturi pump</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Uses</th><td class="infobox-data">Vacuum generation,<br />suction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related items</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Injector" title="Injector">Injector</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_pump" title="Vacuum pump">vacuum pump</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>vacuum ejector</b>, or simply <b>ejector</b>, or <b>aspirator</b>, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_pump" title="Vacuum pump">vacuum pump</a>, which produces <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a> by means of the <a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">Venturi effect</a>. </p><p>In an ejector, a working fluid (liquid or gaseous) flows through a jet nozzle into a tube that first narrows and then expands in cross-sectional area. The fluid leaving the jet is flowing at a high velocity which due to <a href="/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle" title="Bernoulli's principle">Bernoulli's principle</a> results in it having low pressure, thus generating a vacuum. The outer tube then narrows into a mixing section where the high velocity working fluid mixes with the fluid that is drawn in by the vacuum, imparting enough velocity for it to be ejected, the tube then typically expands in order to decrease the velocity of the ejected stream, allowing the pressure to smoothly increase to the external pressure. </p><p>The strength of the vacuum produced depends on the velocity and shape of the fluid jet and the shape of the constriction and mixing sections, but if a liquid is used as the working fluid, the strength of the <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a> produced is limited by the <a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">vapor pressure</a> of the liquid (for water, 3.2 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a> or 0.46 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">psi</a> or 32 <a href="/wiki/Mbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbar">mbar</a> at 25 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a> or 77 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a>). If a gas is used, however, this restriction does not exist. </p><p>If not considering the source of the working fluid, vacuum ejectors can be significantly more compact than a self-powered vacuum pump of the same capacity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_types">Common types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Common types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_aspirator">Water aspirator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Water aspirator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cheap and simple <b>water aspirator</b> is commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> <a href="/wiki/Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratories">laboratories</a> and consists of a tee fitting attached to a <a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)" title="Tap (valve)">tap</a> and has a <a href="/wiki/Hose_barb_fitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Hose barb fitting">hose barb</a> at one side. The flow of water passes through the straight portion of the tee, which has a restriction at the intersection, where the hose barb is attached. The vacuum hose should be connected to this barb. In the past, water aspirators were common for low-strength vacuums in chemistry benchwork. However, they are water-intensive, and depending on what the vacuum is being used for (e.g. solvent removal), they can violate environmental protection laws such as the <a href="/wiki/Resource_Conservation_and_Recovery_Act_of_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976">RCRA</a> by mixing potentially hazardous chemicals into the water stream, then flushing them down a drain that often leads directly to the municipal sewer. Their use has decreased somewhat as small electric vacuum pumps are far more effective, environmentally safe, and have become more affordable, but the unmatched simplicity and reliability of this device have caused it to remain popular for small labs or as a backup. </p><p>Another, much larger version of this device is used in maritime operations as a device to dewater (drain) areas in a ship that have been flooded in emergency situations. Typically referred to as an eductor in these applications, this is preferred over electrical pumps due to their simplicity, compact size, and greatly mitigated risk of explosion in the event that flammable liquids and/or vapors are present. Additionally, unlike many mechanical pumps, they can also pass debris as the eductor has no moving parts that can be fouled. This makes an eductor especially useful in situations where fitting a debris strainer to the suction port will present more issues than it resolves. The size of the debris that can be passed depends on the physical size of the eductor. Sizes, flow ratings, and applications vary, including eductors that are permanently installed (typically used in very large spaces, such as a ship's main engine room), or portable models that can be lowered into spaces by a rope and supplied and drained through firefighting hoses. Most are supplied through a ship's firefighting main, and portable models can also be supplied by an emergency pump, provided it can supply sufficient flow to operate the eductor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steam_ejector">Steam ejector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Steam ejector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The industrial steam ejector (also called the "steam jet ejector", "steam aspirator", or "evactor") uses steam as a working fluid and multistage systems can produce very high vacuums. Due to the lack of delicate moving parts and the flow of steam providing somewhat of cleaning action, steam ejectors can handle gas flows containing liquids, dust, or even solid particles that would damage or clog many other vacuum pumps. Ejectors made entirely from specialised materials such as <a href="/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene" title="Polytetrafluoroethylene">PTFE</a> or <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> have allowed usage of extremely corrosive gasses, since steam ejectors have no moving parts they can be constructed in their entirety from almost any material that has sufficient durability. </p><p>In order to avoid using too much steam or impractical operating pressures, a single steam-ejector stage is generally not used to generate vacuum below approximately 10 <a href="/wiki/KPa" class="mw-redirect" title="KPa">kPa</a> (75 <a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-hv_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To generate higher vacuum, multiple stages are used; in a two-stage <a href="/wiki/Injector" title="Injector">steam ejector</a>, for example, the second stage provides vacuum for the waste steam output by the first stage. Condensers are typically used between stages to significantly reduce the load on the later stages. Steam ejectors with two, three, four, five and six stages may be used to produce vacuums down to 2.5 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(pressure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (pressure)">kPa</a>, 300 Pa, 40 Pa, 4 Pa, and 0.4 Pa, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-hv_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Steam ejectors are also suitable for pumping many liquids since if the steam can be easily condensed into the liquid then there is no need to separate the working fluid or manage a mist of liquid droplets. This is the manner in which a <a href="/wiki/Steam_injector" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam injector">steam <i>injector</i></a> operates. </p><p>An additional use for the injector technology is in vacuum ejectors in <a href="/wiki/Railway_brake" title="Railway brake">continuous train braking systems</a>, which were made compulsory in the UK by the <a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_Railways_Act_1889" title="Regulation of Railways Act 1889">Regulation of Railways Act 1889</a>. A vacuum ejector uses steam pressure to draw air out of the vacuum pipe and reservoirs of continuous train brake. Steam locomotives, with a ready source of steam, found ejector technology ideal with its rugged simplicity and lack of moving parts. A steam locomotive usually has two ejectors: a large ejector for releasing the brakes when stationary and a small ejector for maintaining the vacuum against leaks. The exhaust from the ejectors is invariably directed to the <a href="/wiki/Smokebox" title="Smokebox">smokebox</a>, by which means it assists the blower in draughting the fire. The small ejector is sometimes replaced by a reciprocating pump driven from the <a href="/wiki/Crosshead" title="Crosshead">crosshead</a> because this is more economical of steam and is only required to operate when the train is moving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_ejector">Air ejector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Air ejector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commonly called an <b>air ejector</b>, <b>Venturi pump</b>, or <b>vacuum ejector</b>. This ejector is similar in operation to the steam ejector but uses high-pressure air as the working fluid. Multistage air ejectors can be used, but since air cannot easily be condensed at room temperature, an air ejector is usually limited to two stages as each subsequent stage would have to be significantly larger than the last. These are commonly used in pneumatic handling equipment when a small vacuum is required to pick up objects since compressed air is often already present to power other parts of the equipment. Air ejectors used to suction liquids directly will produce a fine mist of droplets, this is how <a href="/wiki/Airbrush" title="Airbrush">airbrushes</a> and many other spraying systems operate, but when a spray is not required it is typically an undesirable effect that limits the applications to gas suction. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ejector_or_Injector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ejector_or_Injector.svg/608px-Ejector_or_Injector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="608" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ejector_or_Injector.svg/912px-Ejector_or_Injector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ejector_or_Injector.svg/1216px-Ejector_or_Injector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption>The basic elements of an ejector</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaerator" title="Deaerator">Deaerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_pump" title="Diffusion pump">Diffusion pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injector" title="Injector">Injector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_pump" title="Vacuum pump">Vacuum pump</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eductors.net/eductor-work/">eductors.net</a>, water eductor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_ejector&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hv-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hv_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hv_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>High Vacuum Pumping Equipment</i>, B. D. Power, New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1966, chapter 4.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laboratory_equipment" title="Template:Laboratory equipment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laboratory_equipment" title="Template talk:Laboratory equipment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laboratory_equipment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laboratory equipment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laboratory_equipment100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laboratory#Laboratory_equipment" title="Laboratory">Laboratory equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Heaters</li><li>Dryers</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_burner" title="Alcohol burner">Alcohol burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunsen_burner" title="Bunsen burner">Bunsen burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccator" title="Desiccator">Desiccator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_mantle" title="Heating mantle">Heating mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_plate" title="Hot plate">Hot plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_air_oven" title="Hot air oven">Lab oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">Kiln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meker%E2%80%93Fisher_burner" title="Meker–Fisher burner">Meker–Fisher burner</a></li> <li>Striker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teclu_burner" title="Teclu burner">Teclu burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_water_bath" title="Laboratory water bath">Water bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_dry_box" title="Vacuum dry box">Vacuum dry box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Mixers</li><li>Shakers</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemostat" title="Chemostat">Chemostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homogenizer" title="Homogenizer">Homogenizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_whistle" title="Liquid whistle">Liquid whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stirrer" title="Magnetic stirrer">Magnetic stirrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaker_(laboratory)" title="Shaker (laboratory)">Shaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonication" title="Sonication">Sonicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_mixer" title="Static mixer">Static mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_rod" title="Glass rod">Stirring rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_mixer" title="Vortex mixer">Vortex mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wash_bottle" title="Wash bottle">Wash bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Stands</li><li><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamps</a> <br /></li><li>Holders</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beaker clamp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamp_holder" title="Clamp holder">Clamp holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(laboratory)" title="Tripod (laboratory)">Tripod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burette_clamp" title="Burette clamp">Burette clamp</a></li> <li>Extension clamp</li> <li>Flask clamp</li> <li>Funnel support</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ring_(laboratory)" title="Iron ring (laboratory)">Iron ring</a></li> <li>Pinch clamp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_stand" title="Retort stand">Retort stand</a></li> <li>Screw clamp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_tube_holder" title="Test tube holder">Test tube holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_tube_rack" title="Test tube rack">Test tube rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_gauze" title="Wire gauze">Wire gauze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_drying_rack" title="Laboratory drying rack">Lab drying rack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Containers <br /></li><li>Storage</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar_plate" title="Agar plate">Agar plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_storage_dewar" title="Cryogenic storage dewar">Cryogenic storage dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubator_(culture)" title="Incubator (culture)">Incubator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminar_flow_cabinet" title="Laminar flow cabinet">Laminar flow cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microplate" title="Microplate">Microtiter plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petri_dish" title="Petri dish">Petri dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picotiter_plate" title="Picotiter plate">Picotiter plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">Refrigerator</a></li> <li>Weighing boat</li> <li>Weighing dish</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirator_(pump)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspirator (pump)">Aspirator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoclave" title="Autoclave">Autoclave</a></li> <li>Balance brush</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_borer" title="Cork borer">Cork borer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucible" title="Crucible">Crucible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_paper" title="Filter paper">Filter paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forceps" title="Forceps">Forceps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_centrifuge" title="Laboratory centrifuge">Centrifuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipeclay_triangle" title="Pipeclay triangle">Pipeclay triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrophotometry" title="Spectrophotometry">Spectrophotometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splint_(laboratory_equipment)" title="Splint (laboratory equipment)">Splint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_rubber_stopper" title="Laboratory rubber stopper">Stopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoopula" title="Scoopula">Scoopula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatula" title="Spatula">Spatula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_tube_brush" title="Test tube brush">Test tube brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_brush" title="Wire brush">Wire brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoculation_needle" title="Inoculation needle">Inoculation needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoculation_loop" title="Inoculation loop">Inoculation loop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Glassware100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_glassware" title="Laboratory glassware">Glassware</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean%E2%80%93Stark_apparatus" title="Dean–Stark apparatus">Dean–Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soxhlet_extractor" title="Soxhlet extractor">Soxhlet extractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipp%27s_apparatus" title="Kipp's apparatus">Kipp's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_round_(bottle)" title="Boston round (bottle)">Boston round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Condenser_(laboratory)" title="Condenser (laboratory)">Condensers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_finger" title="Cold finger">Cold finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebig_condenser" title="Liebig condenser">Liebig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evaporating_dish" title="Evaporating dish">Evaporating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petri_dish" title="Petri dish">Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_dish" title="Syracuse dish">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_glass" title="Watch glass">Watch glass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_flask" title="Laboratory flask">Flasks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCchner_flask" title="Büchner flask">Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_flask" title="Vacuum flask">Vacuum (Dewar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlenmeyer_flask" title="Erlenmeyer flask">Erlenmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernbach_flask" title="Fernbach flask">Fernbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleaker" title="Fleaker">Fleaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_flask" title="Florence flask">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort" title="Retort">Retort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-bottom_flask" title="Round-bottom flask">Round-bottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlenk_flask" title="Schlenk flask">Schlenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_flask" title="Volumetric flask">Volumetric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCchner_funnel" title="Büchner funnel">Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCchner_funnel" title="Büchner funnel">Hirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropping_funnel" title="Dropping funnel">Dropping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatory_funnel" title="Separatory funnel">Separatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measuring devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burette" title="Burette">Burette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conical_measure" title="Conical measure">Conical measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvette" title="Cuvette">Cuvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_dropper" title="Eye dropper">Eye dropper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudiometer" title="Eudiometer">Eudiometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduated_cylinder" title="Graduated cylinder">Graduated cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostwald_viscometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostwald viscometer">Ostwald viscometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipette" title="Pipette">Pipette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glass_tube" title="Glass tube">Tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drying_tube" title="Drying tube">Drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cragie_tube" title="Cragie tube">Cragie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NMR_tube" title="NMR tube">Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_tube" title="Test tube">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiele_tube" title="Thiele tube">Thiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thistle_tube" title="Thistle tube">Thistle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_(glassware)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker (glassware)">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_jar" title="Bell jar">Bell jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_syringe" title="Gas syringe">Gas syringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Analytical_chemistry100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">Analytical chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoAnalyzer" title="AutoAnalyzer">AutoAnalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHN_analyzer" class="mw-redirect" title="CHN analyzer">CHN analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorimeter_(chemistry)" title="Colorimeter (chemistry)">Colorimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductively_coupled_plasma" title="Inductively coupled plasma">Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_chromatography" title="Gas chromatography">Gas chromatograph (GC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_liquid_chromatography" title="High-performance liquid chromatography">Liquid chromatograph (LC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">Mass spectrometer (MS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PH_indicator" title="PH indicator">pH indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PH_meter" title="PH meter">pH meter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">Microscopy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">Scanning electron microscope (SEM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy" title="Transmission electron microscopy">Transmission electron microscope (TEM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thermochemistry" title="Thermochemistry">Thermochemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calorimeter" title="Calorimeter">Calorimeter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry" title="Differential scanning calorimetry">differential scanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting-point_apparatus" title="Melting-point apparatus">Melting-point apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">Thermometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermogravimetric_analysis" title="Thermogravimetric analysis">Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_balance" title="Analytical balance">Analytical balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony counter">Colony counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_plater" title="Spiral plater">Spiral plater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance">Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_reader" title="Plate reader">Plate reader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Electronics100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Control devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bench_power_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Bench power supply">Bench power supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Current_source" title="Current source">Current source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage_source" title="Voltage source">Voltage source</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_generator" title="Function generator">Function generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galvanostat" title="Galvanostat">Galvanostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_generator" title="Pulse generator">Pulse generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentiostat" title="Potentiostat">Potentiostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammeter" title="Ammeter">Ammeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_analyzer" title="Logic analyzer">Logic analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimeter" title="Multimeter">Multimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_analyzer_(electrical)" title="Network analyzer (electrical)">Network analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">Oscilloscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer" title="Spectrum analyzer">Spectrum analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-domain_reflectometer" title="Time-domain reflectometer">Time-domain reflectometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transistor_tester" title="Transistor tester">Transistor tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltmeter" title="Voltmeter">Voltmeter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering_iron" title="Soldering iron">Soldering iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweezers" title="Tweezers">Tweezers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_stripper" title="Wire stripper">Wire stripper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_clip" class="mw-redirect" title="Alligator clip">Alligator clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_probe" title="Test probe">Test probe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Safety100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Safety</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective<br />equipment (PPE)</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">Face shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator" title="Respirator">Respirator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Rubber apron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_eyewash_and_safety_shower_station" title="Emergency eyewash and safety shower station">Safety shower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eye and hand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Acid-resistant gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_eyewash_and_safety_shower_station" title="Emergency eyewash and safety shower station">Eyewash station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glovebox" title="Glovebox">Glove box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_glove" title="Medical glove">Medical gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrile_rubber" title="Nitrile rubber">Nitrile gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Safety glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">Safety goggles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosafety_cabinet" title="Biosafety cabinet">Biosafety cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_blanket" title="Fire blanket">Fire blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fume_hood" title="Fume hood">Fume hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_cabinet" title="Safety cabinet">Safety cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvent_cabinet" title="Solvent cabinet">Solvent cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Instruments_used_in_medical_laboratories" title="Instruments used in medical laboratories">Instruments used in medical laboratories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plumbing233" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plumbing" title="Template:Plumbing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plumbing" title="Template talk:Plumbing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plumbing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plumbing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plumbing233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)" title="Air gap (plumbing)">Air gap (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflow" title="Backflow">Backflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_(chemical)" title="Compatibility (chemical)">Compatibility (chemical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">Corrosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain_(plumbing)" title="Drain (plumbing)">Drain (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">Drinking water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_loss" title="Friction loss">Friction loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">Grade (slope)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywater" title="Greywater">Greywater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_trap" title="Heat trap">Heat trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_loop" title="Hydrostatic loop">Hydrostatic loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak" title="Leak">Leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_axis" title="Neutral axis">Neutral axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsite_sewage_facility" title="Onsite sewage facility">Onsite sewage facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">Sanitary sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_gas" title="Sewer gas">Sewer gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">Sewerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siphon" title="Siphon">Siphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_sewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm sewer">Storm sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">Stormwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_tension" title="Surface tension">Surface tension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_water" title="Tap water">Tap water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)" title="Trap (plumbing)">Trap (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">Venturi effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">Wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_hammer" title="Water hammer">Water hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">Water supply network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">Water table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazing" title="Brazing">Brazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">British Standard Pipe</a> (BSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe" title="Cast iron pipe">Cast iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_drain_cleaners" title="Chemical drain cleaners">Chemical drain cleaners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_fitting" title="Compression fitting">Compression fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_tubing" title="Copper tubing">Copper tubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimp_(joining)" title="Crimp (joining)">Crimp (joining)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system" title="Drain-waste-vent system">Drain-waste-vent system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ductile_iron_pipe" title="Ductile iron pipe">Ductile iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_fitting" title="Flare fitting">Flare fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_hose_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden hose thread">Garden Hose Thread</a> (GHT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket">Gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak_detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pipe_Thread" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pipe Thread">National Pipe Thread</a> (NPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size" title="Nominal Pipe Size">Nominal Pipe Size</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakum" title="Oakum">Oakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Pipe (fluid conveyance)">Pipe (fluid conveyance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_dope" title="Pipe dope">Pipe dope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_support" title="Pipe support">Pipe support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pipework" title="Plastic pipework">Plastic pipework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-pull_compression_fittings" title="Push-to-pull compression fittings">Push-to-pull compression fittings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putty" title="Putty">Putty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">Sealant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pumping" title="Sewage pumping">Sewage pumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvent_welding" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvent welding">Solvent welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaging" title="Swaging">Swaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_seal_tape" title="Thread seal tape">Thread seal tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threaded_pipe" title="Threaded pipe">Threaded pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_bending" title="Tube bending">Tube bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_vacuum_breaker" title="Atmospheric vacuum breaker">Atmospheric vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_bleeding_valve" title="Automatic bleeding valve">Automatic bleeding valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_faucet" title="Automatic faucet">Automatic faucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device" title="Backflow prevention device">Backflow prevention device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleed_screw" title="Bleed screw">Bleed screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_valve" title="Butterfly valve">Butterfly valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_valve" title="Check valve">Check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemigation_valve" title="Chemigation valve">Chemigation valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopper pump">Chopper pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circulator_pump" title="Circulator pump">Circulator pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet_flange" title="Closet flange">Closet flange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_reducer" title="Concentric reducer">Concentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupling_(piping)" title="Coupling (piping)">Coupling (piping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_valve" title="Diaphragm valve">Diaphragm valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dielectric_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Dielectric union">Dielectric union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check_valve" title="Double check valve">Double check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentric_reducer" title="Eccentric reducer">Eccentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faucet_aerator" title="Faucet aerator">Faucet aerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_switch" title="Float switch">Float switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Float valve">Float valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_drain" title="Floor drain">Floor drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_limiter" title="Flow limiter">Flow limiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_trough" title="Flushing trough">Flushing trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushometer" title="Flushometer">Flushometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_valve" title="Gate valve">Gate valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_valve" title="Globe valve">Globe valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_trap" title="Grease trap">Grease trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinder_pump" title="Grinder pump">Grinder pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_coupling" title="Hose coupling">Hose coupling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifold_(fluid_mechanics)" title="Manifold (fluid mechanics)">Manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_valve" title="Needle valve">Needle valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_(plumbing)" title="Nipple (plumbing)">Nipple (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_valve" title="Pinch valve">Pinch valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting" title="Piping and plumbing fitting">Piping and plumbing fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_(sanitation)" title="Plug (sanitation)">Plug (sanitation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_regulator" title="Pressure regulator">Pressure regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_vacuum_breaker" title="Pressure vacuum breaker">Pressure vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-balanced_valve" title="Pressure-balanced valve">Pressure-balanced valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator (heating)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device" title="Reduced pressure zone device">Reduced pressure zone device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducer">Reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_valve" title="Relief valve">Relief valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riser_clamp" title="Riser clamp">Riser clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftop_water_tower" title="Rooftop water tower">Rooftop water tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">Safety valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewage pump">Sewage pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_elbow" title="Street elbow">Street elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pump" title="Submersible pump">Submersible pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)" title="Tap (valve)">Tap (valve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_mixing_valve" title="Thermostatic mixing valve">Thermostatic mixing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_drain" title="Trench drain">Trench drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_breaker" title="Vacuum breaker">Vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vacuum ejector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">Water tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_fixture" title="Plumbing fixture">Plumbing fixtures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_bathtub" title="Accessible bathtub">Accessible bathtub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub" title="Bathtub">Bathtub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet">Bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishwasher" title="Dishwasher">Dishwasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_fountain" title="Drinking fountain">Drinking fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_water_boiler" title="Electric water boiler">Electric water boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_disposal_unit" 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